FR2707084A1 - Anticorrosion coating for refractory components made of vitreous silica - Google Patents
Anticorrosion coating for refractory components made of vitreous silica Download PDFInfo
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- FR2707084A1 FR2707084A1 FR9308041A FR9308041A FR2707084A1 FR 2707084 A1 FR2707084 A1 FR 2707084A1 FR 9308041 A FR9308041 A FR 9308041A FR 9308041 A FR9308041 A FR 9308041A FR 2707084 A1 FR2707084 A1 FR 2707084A1
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- silica
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- vitreous silica
- refractory
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5024—Silicates
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5027—Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5041—Titanium oxide or titanates
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- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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Abstract
Description
REVETEMENT ANTI-CORROSION POUR ELEMENTS REFRACTAIRES
EN SILICE VITREUSE
La silice vitreuse est un matériau réfractaire qui présente des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques qui rendent son utilisation particulièrement intéressante dans les applications métallurgiques, et notamment pour la métallurgie des métaux non ferreux tel que l'aluminium, le zinc, le laiton etc... En effet ce matériau possède un coefficient de conduction thermique très faible (0.7 W/m.K à 700 C). Cette caractéristique amène des avantages importants. Lorsque l'élément réfractaire est utilisé pour le transport ou le transfert d'un métal liquide les pertes thermiques par conduction au travers de la paroi du récipient ou du tube de transfert sont réduites au minimum possible. il n'est donc pas nécessaire de surchauffer le métal (c'est à dire de le chauffer à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion) de manière importante. Il en résulte des économies d'énergie.ANTI-CORROSION COATING FOR REFRACTORY ELEMENTS
IN VITREOUS SILICA
Vitreous silica is a refractory material which has physical and chemical characteristics which make its use particularly interesting in metallurgical applications, and in particular for the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, zinc, brass, etc. this material has a very low thermal conduction coefficient (0.7 W / mK at 700 C). This characteristic brings important advantages. When the refractory element is used for the transport or transfer of a liquid metal the heat losses by conduction through the wall of the container or the transfer tube are reduced to the minimum possible. it is therefore not necessary to overheat the metal (that is to say to heat it to a temperature above its melting point) significantly. This results in energy savings.
D'autre part la silice vitreuse possède un coefficient de dilatation thermique très faible (0.6 x I0 6 m/K). Cette faible dilatation thermique lui confère une excellente résistance aux chocs thermiques. Ceci permet, dans la plupart des applications, d'utiliser ou de mettre en place un elément réfractaire en silice vitreuse sans avoir à le préchauffer au préalable pour l'amener à une température proche de sa température de fonctionnement.On the other hand, vitreous silica has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (0.6 x I0 6 m / K). This low thermal expansion gives it excellent resistance to thermal shock. This makes it possible, in most applications, to use or install a refractory element made of vitreous silica without having to preheat it beforehand to bring it to a temperature close to its operating temperature.
Il en résulte un gain de temps et ici encore, une economie d'énergie. This results in a saving of time and here again, a saving of energy.
La silice vitreuse est également chimiquement inerte face à la quasi totalité des métaux et alliages en fusion. C'est pourquoi ce matériau est utilisé dans de nombreuses applications de la métallurgie des non ferreux. On connaît par exemple des installations de fonderies en basse pression dans lesquelles un moule est alimenté en métal par sa partie inférieure au moyen d'un tube plongeant dans une cuve remplie de métal en fusion. On applique une pression d'un gaz pulseur par exemple l'azote ou un autre gaz neutre à la surface du métal liquide de manière à faire remonter le métal en fusion dans le moule. La silice vitreuse convient parfaitement pour réaliser le tube plongeur.Vitreous silica is also chemically inert to almost all molten metals and alloys. This is why this material is used in many applications of non-ferrous metallurgy. Low pressure foundry installations are known, for example, in which a mold is supplied with metal from its lower part by means of a tube immersed in a vessel filled with molten metal. A pressure of a pulsating gas, for example nitrogen or another neutral gas, is applied to the surface of the liquid metal so as to make the molten metal rise in the mold. Vitreous silica is ideal for making the dip tube.
Toutefois la silice vitreuse se corrode sous l'action d'un métal qui présente une plus grande affinité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène. C'est le cas par exemple de l'aluminium porté à sa température de fusion ou à une température supérieure. Ce métal réduit la silice pour former un dépôt d'alumine, laissant du silicium métal. However, vitreous silica corrodes under the action of a metal which has a greater affinity with respect to oxygen. This is the case, for example, with aluminum brought to its melting temperature or to a higher temperature. This metal reduces silica to form an alumina deposit, leaving silicon metal.
Au bout d'une durée qui est fonction de l'épaisseur de l'élément réfractaire, cette corrosion aboutit à la fissuration ou à la rupture dudit élément. At the end of a period which is a function of the thickness of the refractory element, this corrosion leads to cracking or to the rupture of said element.
La présente invention a précisément pour objet un élément réfractaire en silice vitreuse, notamment pour une utilisation en métallurgie des non ferreux, qui empêche la corrosion de la silice par le métal.The present invention specifically relates to a refractory element made of vitreous silica, in particular for use in non-ferrous metallurgy, which prevents corrosion of the silica by the metal.
Cet elément réfractaire se caractérise en ce qu'il comporte un revêtement constitué d'un matériau présentant une stabilité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène supérieure à celle du silicium.This refractory element is characterized in that it comprises a coating made of a material exhibiting greater stability with respect to oxygen than that of silicon.
Plus précisément le matériau doit satisfaire plusieurs conditions.More precisely, the material must satisfy several conditions.
n faut que la température de cohésion, c'est à dire la température à laquelle il se fritte (température de frittage) ne soit pas supérieure à une valeur maximale admissible pour la silice. En effet, si la silice est cuite à une température supérieure à 12000C environ, elle se transforme en cristobalite. Lorsqu'elle se refroidit, par suite de changement de volume importants, elle se fissure et éclate. En d'autres terme, cela signifie qu'un produit de silice vitreuse qui contient une part importante de cristobalite ne peut pas être refroidi en dessous de 5000C environ. Or, pour des applications telles que celles qui sont envisagées dans la présente invention, en particulier des applications à la métallurgie des métaux non ferreux, les cyclages thermiques sont importants. Les pièces sont chauffées et refroidies de nombreuses fois par le métal liquide, par exemple jusqu'à une fois toutes les minutes dans le cas d'une application à la fonderie basse pression.The cohesion temperature, that is to say the temperature at which it sintered (sintering temperature), must not be greater than a maximum admissible value for silica. Indeed, if the silica is fired at a temperature above approximately 12000C, it turns into cristobalite. When it cools, due to large volume changes, it cracks and bursts. In other words, this means that a vitreous silica product which contains a large part of cristobalite cannot be cooled below about 5000C. However, for applications such as those envisaged in the present invention, in particular applications to the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, thermal cycling is important. The parts are heated and cooled many times by the molten metal, for example up to once every minute in the case of low pressure foundry application.
Il s'en suit que les pièces de silice vitreuse ne doivent pas être cuites à une température supérieure à 12000 C. En conséquence, le revêtement de l'invention doit atteindre une cohésion suffisante à une telle température qui est en général fortement inférieure à la température de fusion des oxydes réfractaires qui présentent une stabilité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène supérieure à celle de la silice.It follows that the pieces of vitreous silica must not be fired at a temperature higher than 12000 C. Consequently, the coating of the invention must achieve sufficient cohesion at such a temperature which is generally much lower than the temperature. melting point of refractory oxides which exhibit greater stability with respect to oxygen than that of silica.
Conformément à l'invention, on abaisse le point de fusion du matériau de revêtement, et surtout sa température de frittage qui, en règle générale est légèrement inférieure (environ 100 C) à la température de fusion en réalisantun mélange de plusieurs oxydes réfractaires. C'est également le but d'adjuvants tels que la silice ou l'oxyde de fer dont le but est d'abaisser la température de frittage.According to the invention, the melting point of the coating material is lowered, and above all its sintering temperature which, as a general rule, is slightly lower (approximately 100 ° C.) than the melting temperature by making a mixture of several refractory oxides. This is also the purpose of adjuvants such as silica or iron oxide, the purpose of which is to lower the sintering temperature.
De préférence le revêtement est constitué d'au moins 80 % d'un oxyde réfractaire choisi dans le groupe comprenant la silice, la chaux, la magnésie, l'oxyde de lithium, l'alumine, la zircone, l'oxyde de titane, ou un mélange de ces oxydes.Preferably the coating consists of at least 80% of a refractory oxide chosen from the group comprising silica, lime, magnesia, lithium oxide, alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, or a mixture of these oxides.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le revêtement est constitué d'au moins 80 % de silice aluminate de magnésium constitué principalement de cordiérite.According to another characteristic, the coating consists of at least 80% of magnesium aluminate silica consisting mainly of cordierite.
Selon encore une autre caracteristique, le revêtement est constitué d'au moins 80 % de titanate d'aluminium ou de dérivés de structure équivalente à 8 AkTiO5. According to yet another characteristic, the coating consists of at least 80% of aluminum titanate or of derivatives of structure equivalent to 8 AkTiO5.
Une autre caractéristique du revêtement de l'invention est qu'il est encore dur (solide) à une température supérieure à 8000C.Another characteristic of the coating of the invention is that it is still hard (solid) at a temperature above 8000C.
Le coefficient de dilatation du revêtement se rapproche de celui de la silice. En effet, une différence importante de coefficient de dilatation entre la silice et le revêtement induirait des tensions dans ce dernier, ce qui provoquerait des risques d'écaillage. Le coefficient de dilatation du revêtement sera donc de préférence inférieur à 4 x 104 m/K.The coefficient of expansion of the coating approaches that of silica. Indeed, a significant difference in coefficient of expansion between the silica and the coating would induce tensions in the latter, which would cause the risk of spalling. The coefficient of expansion of the coating will therefore preferably be less than 4 x 104 m / K.
Selon une variante, le revêtement est multicouches à concentration décroissante de silice afin d'assurer une meilleure adhérence
Le procédé pour mettre en oeuvre ce revêtement est le suivant. On divise finement, par exemple, par broyage, le matériau de revêtement et on le met en suspension dans une quantité convenable d'eau pour former une barbotine. On peut ajouter des adjuvants tels que SiO2, Fie203 pour ameliorer la cohésion du revêtement après cuisson. On applique le revêtement sur la pièce de silice vitreuse crue par tout procédé connu de l'homme du métier, par exemple par trempage de la pièce dans la barbotine, par application au moyen d'une brosse ou par électrophorèse. Le produit est cuit à des températures inférieures à 12000 C. According to one variant, the coating is multilayer with a decreasing concentration of silica in order to ensure better adhesion.
The process for implementing this coating is as follows. The coating material is finely divided, for example by grinding, and suspended in a suitable amount of water to form a slip. Adjuvants such as SiO2, Fie203 can be added to improve the cohesion of the coating after curing. The coating is applied to the piece of green vitreous silica by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by dipping the piece in the slip, by application by means of a brush or by electrophoresis. The product is fired at temperatures below 12000 C.
Exemple 1: On a réalisé un tube de coulée pour l'aluminium et ses alliages. Ce tube était réalisé en silice vitreuse. il a été recouvert d'une couche de B Al2TiO5 d'une épaisseur de 1 mm.Example 1: A pouring tube was produced for aluminum and its alloys. This tube was made of vitreous silica. it was covered with a layer of B Al2TiO5 with a thickness of 1 mm.
Résultat : La durée de vie du tube a été au moins multipliée par 2.Result: The service life of the tube has been at least multiplied by 2.
Exemple 2: On a réalisé un tube de coulée pour l'alimentation d'un moule en basse pression, également pour l'aluminium et ses alliages. Ce tube était réalisé en silice vitreuse recouvert d'une couche de cordiérite, contenant une proportion de 10 % d'un adjuvant, la silice, pour abaisser sa température de fusion, d'une épaisseur de typiquement 1 mm.Example 2: A pouring tube was produced for supplying a low pressure mold, also for aluminum and its alloys. This tube was made of vitreous silica covered with a layer of cordierite, containing a proportion of 10% of an adjuvant, silica, to lower its melting temperature, with a thickness of typically 1 mm.
Résultat : La durée de vie du tube a été multipliée par 2. Result: The service life of the tube has been multiplied by 2.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9308041A FR2707084B1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | Anti-corrosion coating for refractory elements in vitreous silica. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9308041A FR2707084B1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | Anti-corrosion coating for refractory elements in vitreous silica. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2707084A1 true FR2707084A1 (en) | 1995-01-06 |
| FR2707084B1 FR2707084B1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
Family
ID=9448779
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9308041A Expired - Fee Related FR2707084B1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | Anti-corrosion coating for refractory elements in vitreous silica. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2707084B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0742187A3 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1997-05-02 | Haldenwanger Tech Keramik Gmbh | Ceramic element |
| WO2005016846A1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-02-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Alkali resistant refractories |
| WO2007131749A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Refractory article and production process thereof |
| ES2288332A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2008-01-01 | Mariano Poyatos Mora | NEW REFRACTORY MATERIAL PROVIDED FOR PORCELAIN COATING, PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS. |
| EP2216308A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-08-11 | General Electric Company | Treated Refractory Material and Methods of Making |
| WO2017025388A1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-16 | Vesuvius France Sa | Refractory article resistant to non-ferrous metal and production process thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH93389A (en) * | 1919-12-05 | 1922-03-01 | Kipfer Arnold | Blade for gas and steam turbines. |
| EP0499287A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Carbon film coated glass |
| JPH0826709A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-30 | Toyo Tanso Kk | Production of carbon material |
-
1993
- 1993-06-28 FR FR9308041A patent/FR2707084B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH93389A (en) * | 1919-12-05 | 1922-03-01 | Kipfer Arnold | Blade for gas and steam turbines. |
| EP0499287A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Carbon film coated glass |
| JPH0826709A (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-30 | Toyo Tanso Kk | Production of carbon material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 94, no. 16, 20 April 1981, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 126339b, page 312; * |
| E.F. MARKINA ET AL.: "heat resistant coatings on quartz glass", GLASS AND CERAMICS, vol. 44, no. 7-8, July 1987 (1987-07-01), NEW YORK US, pages 343 - 347 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0742187A3 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1997-05-02 | Haldenwanger Tech Keramik Gmbh | Ceramic element |
| WO2005016846A1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-02-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Alkali resistant refractories |
| ES2288332A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2008-01-01 | Mariano Poyatos Mora | NEW REFRACTORY MATERIAL PROVIDED FOR PORCELAIN COATING, PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS. |
| WO2007131749A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Refractory article and production process thereof |
| US9388081B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2016-07-12 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Refractory article and production process thereof |
| EP2216308A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-08-11 | General Electric Company | Treated Refractory Material and Methods of Making |
| WO2017025388A1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-16 | Vesuvius France Sa | Refractory article resistant to non-ferrous metal and production process thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2707084B1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
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