FR2703677A1 - Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material - Google Patents
Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2703677A1 FR2703677A1 FR9304131A FR9304131A FR2703677A1 FR 2703677 A1 FR2703677 A1 FR 2703677A1 FR 9304131 A FR9304131 A FR 9304131A FR 9304131 A FR9304131 A FR 9304131A FR 2703677 A1 FR2703677 A1 FR 2703677A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- granular material
- weight
- type
- visean
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017976 MgO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/26—Carbonates
- C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2023—Resistance against alkali-aggregate reaction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
" Matériau granulaire destiné à la fabrication de
bétons de qualité ainsi que béton fabriqué à partir
d'un tel matériau granulaire "
La présente invention se rapporte à un matériau granulaire destiné à la fabrication de bétons de qualité."Granular material intended for the manufacture of
quality concrete as well as concrete made from
of such granular material "
The present invention relates to a granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concrete.
Le béton qui est, essentiellement, constitué par un agglomérat artificiel de cailloux, de graviers et de sable réunis entre-eux au moyen d'un liant hydraulique constitue, depuis déjà de nombreuses décennies, le matériau de construction le plus universellement employé. Concrete, which is essentially made up of an artificial agglomerate of pebbles, gravel and sand joined together by means of a hydraulic binder, has been the most universally used building material for many decades.
La proportion ainsi que la nature des différents constituants des bétons varient en fonction de leur destination (bâtiments, techniques routières, ponts, tunnels, ouvrages portuaires, barrages ...) le rôle de ces constituants est essentiellement le suivant - le ciment est l'élément actif du mélange ; il forme
avec l'eau, au moment du malaxage, une pâte qui
enrobe les granulats et donne, au béton, sa
plasticité ; l'veau joue un rôle prépondérant sur la résistance
finale du béton, et il est pour cette raison
nécessaire de surveiller sa teneur en matières en
suspension et en sels dissous, - les granulats donnent au béton sa densité ; ils se
présentent toujours sous forme d'éléments fins en
faible quantité, de sable, de gravillons ou graviers
et de cailloux.The proportion as well as the nature of the various constituents of concrete vary according to their destination (buildings, road engineering, bridges, tunnels, port works, dams ...) the role of these constituents is essentially as follows - cement is the active element of the mixture; he forms
with water, at the time of mixing, a paste which
coats the aggregates and gives the concrete its
plasticity; calves play a key role in resistance
final of concrete, and it is for this reason
necessary to monitor its content of
suspension and dissolved salts, - aggregates give concrete its density; they
always present as fine elements in
small quantity, of sand, gravel or gravel
and pebbles.
Il est bien connu des spécialistes que, si l'on mélange sans prendre de précaution certains matériaux ou sables calcaires avec des ciments de type ordinaire, on obtient des bétons qui subissent, à moyen terme, une dégradation due à des réactions internes dites "alcali-granulat". C'est le "pourrissement" du béton. It is well known to specialists that, if one mixes without taking certain materials or calcareous sands with ordinary type cements, one obtains concretes which undergo, in the medium term, degradation due to internal reactions called "alkali". -granulate ". It is the "rotting" of concrete.
Ce phénomène est bien connu des spécialistes qui travaillent sur des chantiers situés dans la région du Nord de la France (métro de Lille, TGV ...) où l'on a l'habitude de fabriquer les bétons à partir de matériaux localement disponibles tels que du sable alluvionnaire en provenance de la baie de Somme, ou des granulats calcaires de type givésien ou tournaisien. This phenomenon is well known to specialists who work on construction sites located in the North region of France (Lille metro, TGV ...) where we are used to making concrete from locally available materials such as only alluvial sand from the Somme bay, or limestone aggregates of the Givesian or Tournaisian type.
Les matériaux susmentionnés présentent toutefois l'inconvénient de provoquer la réaction susmentionnée dite "alcali-granulat" si on les combine à des ciments ordinaires. The aforementioned materials however have the disadvantage of causing the aforementioned reaction called "alkali-aggregate" if they are combined with ordinary cements.
Pour cette raison, les spécialistes ont pris l'habitude d'utiliser, pour la fabrication des bétons, des ciments de meilleures qualités dits "low alcali" qui permettent de contrecarrer cette réaction mais augmentent dans une large mesure le prix de revient des bétons. For this reason, specialists have become accustomed to using, for the manufacture of concretes, cements of better qualities called "low alkali" which make it possible to counteract this reaction but increase to a large extent the cost price of concretes.
La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un matériau granulaire destiné être combiné à des granulats, notamment des cailloux et des graviers calcaires ainsi qu'à un liant hydraulique à base de ciment de type ordinaire de façon à permettre la fabrication de bétons de qualité insensibles à la réaction "alcaligranulat". The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a granular material intended to be combined with aggregates, in particular pebbles and limestone gravel as well as with an ordinary type cement-based hydraulic binder so as to allow manufacture. quality concrete insensitive to the "alkaligranulate" reaction.
Selon l'invention, ce matériau granulaire est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué, pour au moins 90 % en poids, par un sable calcaire pur essentiellement exempt de silice notamment de type viséen dont la granulométrie d/D, dans laquelle d correspond aux particules de plus petit diamètre et D aux particules de diamètre supérieur, satisfait aux relations 0 < d ' 0,08 mm et 6,0 mm ' D S 6,5 mm. According to the invention, this granular material is characterized in that it consists, for at least 90% by weight, of pure limestone sand essentially free of silica, in particular of the Visean type, the particle size d / D, in which d corresponds with particles of smaller diameter and D with particles of larger diameter, satisfies the relations 0 <0.08 mm and 6.0 mm 'DS 6.5 mm.
Conformément à l'invention, on s'est rendu compte, de manière surprenante, que l'on pouvait éviter la dégradation à moyen terme des bétons en utilisant des ciments ordinaires, mais en remplaçant le sable alluvionnaire de type baie de Somme couramment utilisé, par un sable calcaire de type viséen, c' est-à-dire un sable provenant de l'époque quaternaire se distinguant par sa pureté, son absence de silice ou éventuellement sa présence à l'état de traces et une répartition particulière des éléments chimiques entrant dans sa composition et une perte au feu de l'ordre de 44 à 46 %. In accordance with the invention, it was surprisingly realized that it was possible to avoid the medium-term degradation of concrete by using ordinary cements, but by replacing the alluvial sand of the Somme berry type commonly used, by a calcareous sand of the Visean type, that is to say a sand from the quaternary period, distinguished by its purity, its absence of silica or possibly its presence in trace amounts and a particular distribution of the chemical elements entering into its composition and a loss on ignition of the order of 44 to 46%.
Ainsi, la composition pondérale du sable viséen est la suivante
CaO 31 à 49 %
MgO 4 à 18 Fe2O3 0 à 0,3 % AI2O3 0 à 0,3 %
K2O 0 à 0,03 % 2 0 à 0,01 %
SiO2 0 à 0,3 %
A titre d'exemple, on a pu avantageusement mettre en oeuvre un sable provenant des Carrières de
Godin dans le Nord de la France.Thus, the weight composition of Visean sand is as follows
CaO 31 to 49%
MgO 4 to 18 Fe2O3 0 to 0.3% AI2O3 0 to 0.3%
K2O 0 to 0.03% 2 0 to 0.01%
SiO2 0 to 0.3%
For example, it was advantageous to use sand from the Quarries of
Godin in the North of France.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le matériau granulaire non réactif contient entre 2 et 10 % en poids, de préférence environ 5 % en poids, de cendres volantes. According to another characteristic of the invention, the non-reactive granular material contains between 2 and 10% by weight, preferably about 5% by weight, of fly ash.
A titre d'exemple, conformément à l'invention, on a utilisé en tant que cendres volantes des cendres provenant de la Centrale thermique EDF de
Pont sur Sambre.By way of example, in accordance with the invention, ash used from the EDF thermal power station of
Bridge over Sambre.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le matériau granulaire est constitué, pour environ 95 % en poids, par un sable calcaire de type viséen de granulométrie 0/6,3 mm. According to another characteristic of the invention, the granular material consists, for approximately 95% by weight, of a calcareous sand of the Visean type with a particle size of 0 / 6.3 mm.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le matériau granulaire est constitué, pour 65 à 75 % en poids, par un sable calcaire de type viséen de granulométrie 0/3,0 mm et, pour 20 à 30 % en poids, par des granulats calcaires de type viséen de granulométrie 3,0/6,3 mm. According to another characteristic of the invention, the granular material consists, for 65 to 75% by weight, of calcareous sand of the Visean type with a particle size of 0 / 3.0 mm and, for 20 to 30% by weight, of Visean type limestone aggregates with a grain size of 3.0 / 6.3 mm.
A titre d'exemple, on a pu mettre en oeuvre, conformément à l'invention, un matériau granulaire présentant la composition pondérale suivante - 70 % de granalats calcaires de type viséen de
granulométrie 0/3,0 mm, - 25 % de sable calcaire de type viséen de granulomé
trie 3,0/6,3 mm, - 5 % de cendres volantes.By way of example, it was possible to use, in accordance with the invention, a granular material having the following weight composition - 70% of calcareous aggregates of Visean type of
grain size 0 / 3.0 mm, - 25% calcareous sand of the Visean type of granulome
sorts 3.0 / 6.3 mm, - 5% fly ash.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le matériau granulaire est recomposé en centrale de malaxage par automates programmables avec incorporation d'un liant correcteur de maniabilité et éventuellement de fibres de polypropylène. According to another characteristic of the invention, the granular material is recomposed in a mixing plant by programmable logic controllers with the incorporation of a workability correcting binder and possibly of polypropylene fibers.
L'invention se rapporte également à un béton caractérisé en ce qu'il renferme entre 30 et 45 % en poids du matériau granulaire défini ci-dessus. The invention also relates to a concrete characterized in that it contains between 30 and 45% by weight of the granular material defined above.
A titre d'exemple, on a obtenu des résultats avantageux en fabriquant un béton destiné à la technique routière présentant la composition pondérale suivante - matériau granulaire conforme
à l'invention 780 kg - granulats calcaires de type viséen
de granulométrie 10/20 mm 670 kg - granulats calcaires de type viséen
de granulométrie 6/10 mm 370 kg - ciment CPA 55 (marque déposée) 350 kg - eau 205 litres - super plastifiant réducteur d'eau 0,4 % du
poids de ciment
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le béton renferme des fibres notamment de polypropylène incorporées lors de la fabrication propre du béton en centrale. By way of example, advantageous results have been obtained by manufacturing a concrete intended for road engineering having the following weight composition - conforming granular material
to the invention 780 kg - limestone aggregates of the Visean type
10/20 mm grain size 670 kg - Visean type limestone aggregates
with a grain size of 6/10 mm 370 kg - CPA 55 cement (registered trademark) 350 kg - water 205 liters - super plasticizer water reducing 0.4%
cement weight
According to another characteristic of the invention, the concrete contains fibers, in particular polypropylene, incorporated during the clean production of the concrete in the plant.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9304131A FR2703677A1 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1993-04-07 | Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9304131A FR2703677A1 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1993-04-07 | Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2703677A1 true FR2703677A1 (en) | 1994-10-14 |
Family
ID=9445847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9304131A Withdrawn FR2703677A1 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1993-04-07 | Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2703677A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001044134A1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-21 | Productos Refractarios Asturianos Para La Siderurgia, S.A. | Refractory concrete |
| WO2006122976A2 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Italcementi S.P.A. | High performance concrete with a quick resistance development lacking added materials with latent hydraulic activity |
| FR3033325A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-09 | Agence Nat Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs | HIGH-PERFORMANCE, SELF-MAKING AND HIGH-DURABILITY CONCRETE, PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STORAGE CONTAINERS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE CONTAINERS |
| WO2019215139A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | Baustoffe Schollberg Ag | Ultra-high performance concrete |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0207920A1 (en) * | 1985-04-05 | 1987-01-07 | Chantier Bertrand Sprl | Concrete with good fire protection properties, construction element and process for the preparation thereof |
| SU1661169A1 (en) * | 1988-02-15 | 1991-07-07 | Молдавский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Строительных Материалов | Method of producing concrete mix |
-
1993
- 1993-04-07 FR FR9304131A patent/FR2703677A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0207920A1 (en) * | 1985-04-05 | 1987-01-07 | Chantier Bertrand Sprl | Concrete with good fire protection properties, construction element and process for the preparation thereof |
| SU1661169A1 (en) * | 1988-02-15 | 1991-07-07 | Молдавский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Строительных Материалов | Method of producing concrete mix |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 116, no. 10, 9 March 1992, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 90070p * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001044134A1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-21 | Productos Refractarios Asturianos Para La Siderurgia, S.A. | Refractory concrete |
| WO2006122976A2 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Italcementi S.P.A. | High performance concrete with a quick resistance development lacking added materials with latent hydraulic activity |
| WO2006122976A3 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2007-01-11 | Italcementi Spa | High performance concrete with a quick resistance development lacking added materials with latent hydraulic activity |
| US8157911B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2012-04-17 | Italcemeti S.P.A. | High performance concrete with a quick resistance development lacking added materials with latent hydraulic activity |
| CN101180245B (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2013-01-02 | 伊塔西门提（共同）股份公司 | High performance concrete with a quick resistance development lacking added materials with latent hydraulic activity |
| FR3033325A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-09 | Agence Nat Pour La Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs | HIGH-PERFORMANCE, SELF-MAKING AND HIGH-DURABILITY CONCRETE, PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STORAGE CONTAINERS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE CONTAINERS |
| WO2019215139A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | Baustoffe Schollberg Ag | Ultra-high performance concrete |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3458426B1 (en) | Binder based on calcium aluminosilicate derivatives for construction materials. | |
| CA2420775C (en) | Highly resistant and ductile fibre concrete | |
| KR101948627B1 (en) | High strength lightweight concrete composition including artificial lightweight aggregates | |
| CA2981423A1 (en) | Improved manufactured natural pozzolan, improved manufactured natural pozzolan-based cement and method of making and using same | |
| LU87105A1 (en) | BINDING AGENT AND BUILDING MATERIAL MADE THEREOF | |
| JP2008539156A (en) | Cementitious composition and concrete of the composition | |
| JP5705021B2 (en) | Method for producing cement clinker | |
| KR100592781B1 (en) | Permeable Concrete Composition Using Bottom Ash | |
| FR2703677A1 (en) | Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material | |
| FR2777274A1 (en) | Road and civil engineering infrastructures, such as bed and foundation layers | |
| KR101746271B1 (en) | Disposal of Sulfur Through Use as Sand-Sulfur Mortar | |
| EP0534857A1 (en) | Concrete, in particular high performance type concrete, and method for its preparation | |
| JP4843271B2 (en) | Cement composition for inhibiting alkali silica reaction and cement-containing composition | |
| JP2005067906A (en) | Method for producing crystallized aggregate from coal ash | |
| Amin et al. | A Review on the Effect of Marble Powder on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete | |
| KR100526037B1 (en) | Concret compositions having high compression intensity by using bottom-ash | |
| EP0397862A1 (en) | Raw-material mixture for obtaining an active mineral additive to cement | |
| EP0590210A1 (en) | High performance mortar or concrete | |
| FR2694552A1 (en) | Hydraulic binders with rapid setting and hardening, their preparation and their use for the preparation of mortars and concretes. | |
| EP0010472A2 (en) | Hydraulic binder and its application | |
| SU1227612A1 (en) | Method of preparing concrete mix | |
| FR2541671A1 (en) | Hydraulic binder based on ash from thermal power stations | |
| CN1400188A (en) | Compound portland cement produced by utilizing industrial waste slag | |
| SU881052A1 (en) | Concrete mix | |
| Dam et al. | Review of the use of solid waste materials in concrete mix |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |