FR2703358A1 - Process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of advantageously masked (poly)isocyanate oils and/or gums and/or resins and emulsions obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of advantageously masked (poly)isocyanate oils, gums or resins by blending a mixture consisting 1) of an advantageously masked (poly)isocyanate phase (A) with a viscosity of at least 3 Pa s or a consistency of at least 200, and 2) of an aqueous phase consisting of water, of at least one surface-active agent (B) and optionally of at least one thickening water-soluble polymer (C), the relative quantities of water, of (B) and optionally (C) being such that the viscosity or consistency of the aqueous phase is preferably at least equal to that of the advantageously masked (poly)isocyanate phase (A), the blending being carried out for a period and with a shear which are sufficient to obtain an emulsion of oil-in-water type with a particle size of 0.1 to 5 mu m, followed by optional dilution of the mixture with water.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF OILS AND / OR
OF GUMS AND / OR (POLY) ISOCYANATE RESINS
ADVANTAGES MASKS AND EMULSIONS OBTAINED
The present invention relates to a process for preparing emulsions of oils and / or gums and / or resins, preferably viscous. It relates more particularly to a process for emulsifying (poly) isocyanates.

 Furthermore, in the activity of paints and varnishes, diisocyanates, in particular alkylene diisocyanates (tolonates) and their derivatives of biuret type or their trimers are widely used.

 However, among the problems which, to date, remain unsolved, there is a particularly acute one, namely the use in large quantity of organic solvent, the presence of which is reputed to be toxic and harmful for the environment.

 This is why one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a process which makes it possible to obtain a stable dispersion in water of (poly) isocyanates.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a monomer which allows formulations of (poly) isocyanates in aqueous phase, in order to respond to the evolution of techniques and regulations tending to remove organic solvents.

 To solve this problem, the preparation of aqueous emulsions of oils, especially of high viscosity, has already been described by separate introduction in two stages of two different types of amphiphilic surfactants (having different "HLB" indices when this scale can be used) in a conventional mixing device.

 However, these techniques are expensive in terms of energy and difficult to implement. They require mixing devices capable of giving high shear.

 This is why one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to use apparatuses which do not give high shear.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method which avoids high energy consumption.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to obtain a narrow particle size distribution of particularly fine droplets.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to obtain a narrow particle size distribution of particularly fine droplets.

 The Applicant has found a process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of viscous phases based on oils and / or gums and / or (poly) isocyanate resins advantageously masked, preferably viscous, using a conventional apparatus. mixing, and not requiring the mandatory use of two types of surfactants.

 Such a process makes it possible to prepare emulsions of oils and / or gums and / or resins (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (s) of perfectly controlled and relatively homogeneous particle size.

The process which is the subject of the invention is characterized in that a mixture consisting of
100 parts by weight of a phase (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (A) with dynamic viscosity at 25 C at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably at least equal to 30 Pa.s. or of consistency at 25 C at most equal to 2000, advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate phase (s) comprising at least one oil and / or at least one gum and / or at least one resin:
. 2 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight of water;
.2 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight of at least one surfactant (B) or a combination of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight d '' at least one surfactant (B) and from 2.5 × 10-4 to 20 parts by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 15 parts by weight of at least one water-soluble thickening polymer (C) with a molecular mass greater than 10,000 g ./mole, preferably greater than 100,000 g./mole,
said surfactant or mixture of surfactants having an HLB of at least 10 and the relative amounts of water, of component (s) (B) and optionally (C) being such that the viscosity or the consistency of the mixture of water + surfactant (s) + water-soluble thickening polymer (s), if any, close to or greater than one tenth of the viscosity or consistency of the (poly) isocyanate (s) phase advantageously masked (A), preferably close to or greater than the viscosity or consistency of the (poly) isocyanate phase (s) advantageously masked (A);
said kneading being carried out for a duration and under sufficient shear conditions to obtain an “oil in water” type emulsion with a particle size of the order of 0.1 to 5 micrometers, preferably of the order of 0.2 to 3 micrometers;
then in that the medium is optionally diluted with water as a function of the level of dry extract desired.

According to the invention, a low dispersion is obtained with a dg0 - d10 at most equal to 4, more generally to 1.5 micrometers, preferably to 1 micrometer
For a good implementation of the invention, the dynamic viscosity measurements are preferably carried out at 25 ° C. using a viscometer
Brookfield according to standard AFNOR NFT 76 102 of February 1972; the consistency can be determined by measuring the penetrability using a penetrometer, for example according to one of the AFNOR NFT 60 119, NFT 60 123, NFT 66 004, ASTM D 217, D 937, D 1321 standards, D 5.

As examples of advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate (s) (A) that can be used, mention may be made of:
poly methylene diisocyanate (in general in o, '), the chain of
methylenes which can be interrupted by an aromatic ring or by a
oxygen
The compounds derived from these derivatives to obtain a biuret, a dimer, a
trimer.

mention should be made of the prepolymer (s) of these products, which are
formed by the reaction of isocyanate function (s) on a diol in
proportions which define the number of patterns of the prepoplycondensate and
ensures that almost all of the terminal functions are isocyanates.

 Mention may also be made of the addition compounds of the above derivatives on polyols having at least 3 alcohol functions.

 The isocyanate functions are advantageously masked (this term is preferable to that of "blocked" often used in texts of Anglo-Saxon origins or which are acculturated there, and for two reasons the isocyanate function has effectively reacted so that they are not no more isocyanate at all and when we "release" it is in no way guaranteed that we go through an isocyanate intermediate, secondly this masking is not absolute since at certain temperatures we gradually find properties similar to isocyanate).

According to one of the most surprising modes of the present invention, it has been possible to show that the emulsion technique used makes it possible to obtain stable emulsions of unmasked (poly) isocyanate (s)
the relative chemical instability of the isocyanates in the presence of phases containing water molecules not only did not prevent the production of the emulsion whose physical stability is remarkable, but also seems to have been significantly reduced by the emulsification. It seems to an extent that depends in particular on the dilution, surfactants and emulsifiers that the emulsion technique protects for a time the (poly) isocyanates from chemical decomposition.

The advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate (s) can advantageously correspond to the following formula:
A (-NCObloc) p (Formula I)
Where A represents an organic skeleton having n free valences, p being between 2 and 7 (closed interval) advantageously between 2 and 4 (closed interval);
where NCObloc represents an isocyanate function which is advantageously masked (or protected) or not
It should be mentioned that the total number of carbons of said monomer is advantageously between 10 and 100, preferably between 20 and 100, more preferably between 25 and 75.

 Skeleton A can be made from a heavy polyamine (including anilines) for example having a carbon number at least equal to 6 advantageously 10, preferably 15 [which is converted into isocyanate by the action of phosgene in a manner known per se].

 Skeleton A can also be that of the trimers and the biurets.

 Among the masking groups, it is possible to choose groups with mobile hydrogen, the pKa of which is at most equal to 14, advantageously 12 preferably 10 to more preferably 8.

 The higher the pKa, the more volatile the masking agent is.

 The masking agents are chosen so that the emulsion is stable at its storage temperature.

Among the chemical functions capable of masking isocyanates, the following functions may be cited as examples, or rather as a paradigm:
- alcohols and thiols
- oximes
- hydroxylamines
- acids
- amides and imides
- betadiketones
The advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate phase (s) (A) can advantageously be chosen from the phases in the list below:
an oil and / or a gum and / or a resin with a (poly) isocyanate group of viscosity at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order of 30 to 2,500 Pa.s. or consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000.

 a mixture of oil (s) and / or gum (s) and / or resin (s) with (poly) isocyanate group, mixture of viscosity at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order from 30 to 2,500 Pa.s. or consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000.

 a mixture of oil (s) and / or gum (s) and / or resin (s) with (poly) isocyanate group (s) advantageously masked (s) and at least one solvent (or diluent) of said oil and / or gum and / or resin, mixture of viscosity at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order of 30 to 2,500 Pa.s. or consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000.

 The surfactants (B) used can be nonionic with an HLB greater than 10, preferably of the order of 10 to 20, anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or amphoteric with an HLB greater than 10.

 The nonionic surfactants can be chosen from alkoxylated fatty acids, polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyalkoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty amides, polyglycerolated alcohols and alphadiols, polymers of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide. .. as well as alkylglucosides, alkylpolyglucosides, sucroethers, sucroesters, sucroglycerides, sorbitan esters, ... and ethoxylated compounds of these sugar derivatives ... having an HLB of at least 10.

 The anionic surfactants can be chosen from alkylbenzene sulfonates, monoalkyl sulfates, alkylethersulfates, alkylarylethersulfates, dialkoylsulfosuccinates, alkylphosphates, etherphosphates, of alkali metals of at least 10.

 Among the cationic surfactants that may be mentioned are aliphatic or aromatic fatty amines, aliphatic fatty amides, quaternary ammonium derivatives, etc. having an HLB of at least 10.

 Among the zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants, there may be mentioned betaines and their derivatives, sultaines and their derivatives, lecithins, imidazoline derivatives, glycinates and their derivatives, amidopropionates, fatty amine oxides, etc. with an HLB of at least 10.

The thickening polymers (C) are soluble at least 50% in water; as examples of thickening polymers, there may be mentioned:
those obtained by chemical synthesis, such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates of alkali metals ...

 those extracted from plants and possibly modified, such as carrageenans, alginates, methylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, etc.

 The relative amounts of water, surfactant (s) and optional thickening polymer (s) are a function of the viscosity of the advantageously masked phase (poly) isocyanate (s) ) comprising at least one oil and / or a gum and / or a resin containing a (poly) isocyanate group as well as the nature of the (mixture of) surfactant (s) and the nature of the (mixture of) thickening polymer (s) (s) if any.

 In the absence of thickening polymer, the weight ratio water / water + surfactant (s) is for example of the order of 20/100 to 70/100, preferably of the order of 25/100 to 60 / 100 to stabilize an emulsion of an advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate phase (s) consisting of an oil with a (poly) isocyanate group of viscosity of the order of 30 Pa.s. to 500 Pa.s., using a nonylphenol having 9 or 10 ethoxy units as the sole surfactant.

 The use of an aqueous phase consisting of water and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the only surfactant, according to a weight ratio of water / water + surfactant of 5/7 and containing from 0.5 to 2% of its weight hydroxyethylcellu lose as thickening polymer, allows the stabilization of oils of viscosity of the order of 5 Pa.s. at 30 Pa.s ..

The operation of emulsifying the (poly) isocyanate (s) phase advantageously masked (s) can be carried out:
by the introduction of at least one oil and / or a gum and / or at least
a resin + any solvent (s) + any (poly) isocyanate (s) in a
mixture of water + surfactant (s) + water-soluble polymer (s)
any, the possible charge (s) being present in the
aqueous mixture and / or introduced into said mixture, then kneading at
a temperature of the order of 10 to 50 ° C. in mixers of the type
single or multiple screw extruders, planetary turbine mixers,
static mixers, paddle mixers, propeller mixers, arm mixers ;;
or, preferably, by introducing water into an oil (s) mixture
and / or gum (s) and / or resin (s) present in whole or in part
[for example 50-90% of the total amount of oil (s) and / or gum (s)
and / or resin (s) j + possible solvent (s) + possible filler (s) +
surfactant (s) + possible water-soluble polymer (s), then
mixing at a temperature of the order of 10 to 50 ° C. in
mixers of the single or multiple screw extruder type, mixers
planetary turbine, static mixers, paddle mixers, propeller,
arm ... any remaining amount of oil (s) and / or gum (s)
and / or resin (s) being introduced into the medium after the formation of
the "oil in water" emulsion while maintaining the mixing.

 One of the advantages of the present invention lies in the use of devices developing relatively low shears, in general at least equal to 102 but advantageously at most equal to 105 preferably to 104, more preferably around 103. These reference measurements are carried out in pure water continuous phase.

 The emulsions of oils and / or of gums and / or resins (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (s) obtained according to the process of the invention are particularly stable on storage; they can be very fine and monodispersed; their dry extract rate can range from 25 (or less depending on the intended application of said emulsions) to 98%, the adjustment of the dry extract can be carried out by dilution.

 It is possible to obtain emulsions with levels of organic diluents as varied as possible; it is thus possible to obtain emulsions having no organic diluents.

 When it is desired to emulsify an unmasked tolonate, it is preferable that the level of dry extract is as high as possible in general at least greater than 3/4 advantageously 9/10 preferably 19/20.

 According to the invention it is possible to obtain such emulsions, either directly, for example at a higher temperature, or by producing an emulsion with organic diluent, an emulsion which will be subsequently treated to evaporate said organic diluents.

 It goes without saying that organic diluents will have been chosen so that they are easily evaporable in the presence of water.

 These emulsions can be used for the preparation of compositions based on (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked in almost all their uses.

 The invention also relates to an emulsion of mixtures of (poly) isocyanate (s) with the compounds which must be polycondensed with it, and this in particular when the (poly) isocyanate (s) are masked.

 Either the condensing reagent (s) is liposoluble and in this case the emulsion is produced by introducing the said reagent (s) into the advantageously masked phase (poly) isocyanate (s) ) (discontinuous phase); or the reagent (s) are water-soluble and they can, with suitable surfactants, serve as an agent for diluting the aqueous phase (continuous phase).

 Either phase may contain a "unmasking" catalyst in a suitable form known per se.

 The average droplet size is advantageously between 0.01 pm and 20 pm, preferably between 0.1 pm and 10 pm.

 The examples are given for information only and cannot be considered as limiting the scope and spirit of the invention.

Definition
The TOLONATE used here is the product of the trimerization of Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Tolonate D2 is the product of the trimerization of Hexamethylene diisocyanate advantageously masked by methyl ethyl ketoxime and diluted with an aromatic petroleum fraction [Solvesso 100 (registered trademark)] until the latter reaches 25% by volume.

Example 1:
The following are introduced into a 250 cc closed reactor fitted with a scraper blade stirring system (IKA model).
2.5 g of Antarox 461 P (registered trademark)
2.5 g of water
The mixture is stirred at 150 rpm -1 for 5 minutes. A thick paste with a dynamic viscosity of 780 Pa.s is formed for a shear gradient of 1 s-1. 85 g of TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark), with a dynamic viscosity of 4.2 Pa.s for a shear gradient of 1-1, are added over approximately 20 minutes at constant 350 rpm.

 At the end of the introduction of TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark), the mixture is kneaded with the same stirring so as to reach a limit particle size.

 10 g of water are added.

 The emulsion obtained has a dry extract of 87.5% and a particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 0.6 μm with a size distribution dg0 - d10 equal to 0.70, μm.

Example 2:
We repeat the operation described above with on the one hand:
0.7 g of Antarox 461 P (registered trademark) 0.9 g of water
and on the other hand 15 g of TOLONATE (registered trademark) blocked methyl ketoxime at 15% in SOLVESSO. This isocyanate has a dynamic viscosity of 57 Pa.s for a shear gradient of 1 s-1. At the end of the addition of TOLONATE (registered trademark), the emulsion is stirred for ten minutes then diluted with water to have a dry extract of TOLONATE (registered trademark) of 70%. The final emulsion has a particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 1.1 μm with a distribution of size dg0 - d10 equal to 1.2 μm.

Example 3:
The operation described in Example 1 is repeated, on the one hand with the same surfactants and on the other hand TOLONATE (registered trademark) blocked s-caprolactam at 25% in the RPDE of dynamic viscosity 7.2 Pa .s for a shear gradient of 1 s-1.

 The emulsion is kept under stirring for about fifteen minutes at 350 rpm to have an average particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 0.55 pm with a distribution of size dg0-d10 equal to 0.75 pm.

Example 4:
The operation described in Example 1 is repeated, on the one hand with the same surfactants and on the other hand with a mixture of hydoxylated polyester resin.
DESMOPHEN 690 (registered trademark) and TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark) in the mass ratio of 1/1 having a dynamic viscosity 21 Pa.s for a shear gradient of 1 s-1.

 The emulsion is kept under stirring for about fifteen minutes at 300 rpm to have an average particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 1.1 pm with a distribution of size dg0-d10 equal to 1.4 µm.

 The final emulsion is diluted with water to have a dry extract of 85%.

Example 5:
In a closed reactor of 250 cm3 fitted with a scraper blade stirring system, the following are introduced:
2.0 g TTAB, cationic surfactant
3.0 g water
The mixture is stirred at 150 rpm for 5 minutes. A thick paste with a dynamic viscosity of 86 Pa.s is formed for a shear gradient of 1 s-1.

 80 g of TOLONATE D2a (registered trademark), with a dynamic viscosity of 5 Pa.s for a shear gradient of 1 s-1, are added in approximately 120 minutes, with constant stirring at approximately 350 rpm. The particle size of the emulsion is measured for each addition of 10 g. The polydispersity of the emulsion is monitored so as to obtain a distribution of size D90-D10 close to 0.5 (curve).

At the end of the introduction of TOLONATE D2a (registered trademark), 10 g of water are added
The emulsion obtained has a dry extract of 82% and a particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 0.75 pm with a distribution of size dg0-d10 equal to 0.95 pm.

Example 6:
In a 200 cm3 beaker, the mixture is introduced with constant stirring at 300tour / mjn-1
4.0 g sodium dodecyl sulfate, anionic surfactant
4.0 water.

 A thick paste with a dynamic viscosity of 93 Pa.s is formed for a shear gradient of 1 s-1, to which is slowly added with the same stirring 91.5 g of TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark) and 2 g of water .

 After addition, the stirring is continued for 10 minutes while keeping the proportions of the various constituents constant.

 The concentrated emulsion is diluted by adding water, still with the same stirring for 5 minutes. The final emulsion has the following composition: 73% of TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark), 3.2% of sodium sulphate dodecyl and 23.8% of water and a particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 0.97 pm with a distribution of size dg0-d10 equal to 1.45 pm.

Example 7:
The following are introduced into a 250 cc closed reactor fitted with a scraper blade stirring system (IKA model).
2.0 g of TTAB cationic surfactant
3.0 g water
The mixture is stirred at 150 rpm -1 for 5 minutes. A thick paste with a dynamic viscosity of 86 Pa.s is formed for a shear gradient of 1 s-1. Is added in about 20 minutes, with constant stirring at about 350 revolutions / min -185 g of TOLONATE HDT (registered trademark) unmasked.

 At the end of the introduction of TOLONATE D2 (registered trademark), the mixture is kneaded with the same stirring so as to reach a limit particle size.

 30 g of water are added.

 The emulsion obtained has a dry extract of 87.5% and a particle size measured with the SYMPATEC laser granulometer (registered trademark) of 0.8 .mu.m with a distribution of size dg0 - d10 equal to 1 pm.

Claims (6)

1) Process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of oils and / or gums  and / or advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate resins  characterized in that a mixture consisting of  100 parts by weight of a (poly) isocyanate phase  advantageously masked (A) with dynamic viscosity at 25 "C at  less than 3 Pa.s., preferably at least 30 Pa.s. or  consistency at 25 "C at least 200, phase  advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate comprising at least  an oil and / or at least one gum and / or at least one resin to  advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate groups;  . 2 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight  of water;  . 3 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight  at least one surfactant (B) or a combination of 0.5 to 10  parts by weight, preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight of at least  less a surfactant (B) and from 2.5 × 10 4 to 20 parts by weight,  preferably from 0.001 to 15 parts by weight of at least one  thickening water-soluble polymer (C) of molecular weight  greater than 10,000 g./mole, preferably greater than 100,000 g./mole,  said surfactant or mixture of surfactants having a  HLB of at least 10 and the relative quantities of water, of (s)  constituent (s) (B) and possibly (C) being such that the viscosity  or the consistency of the water + surfactant (s) + mixture  water-soluble polymer (s) thickener (s) if any  of or greater than one tenth of the viscosity or consistency of the  advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate phase (A),  preference close to or greater than viscosity or consistency  advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate phase (A);  said mixing being carried out for a period and under conditions of  sufficient shear to obtain an "oil in" type emulsion  water "with a particle size of the order of 0.1 to 5 micrometers, preferably of  on the order of 0.2 to 3 micrometers;  then in that we possibly dilute the medium with water depending  the desired dry extract rate. 2) Method according to claim 1) characterized in that the phase  (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (A) is chosen from  following phases consisting respectively of:  an oil and / or a gum and / or a resin with groups  (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked with viscosity at  less equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order of 30 to 2,500 Pa.s. or  consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000;  a mixture of oil (s) and / or gum (s) and / or resin (s) to  advantageously masked (poly) isocyanate groups, mixture  viscosity at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order of 30 to  2,500 Pa.s. or consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000;  a mixture of oil (s) and / or gum (s) and / or resin (s) in groups  (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (s) and at least one  solvent for said oil and / or gum and / or resin, viscosity mixture  at least equal to 3 Pa.s., preferably of the order of 30 to 2,500 Pa.s.  or consistency of the order of 200 to 2,000. 3) Method according to one of claims 1) to 2) characterized in that the  surfactants (B) are non-ionic with an HLB greater than 10,  preferably of the order of 10 to 20, anionic, cationic, zwitterionic  or amphoteric HLB greater than 10. 4) Method according to one of claims 1) to 3) characterized in that the  thickening polymers (C) are at least 50% soluble in water and  are chosen from polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols,  polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates of alkali metals,  carrageenans, alginates, methylcelluloses,  hydroxypropylcellu loses, hydroxyethylcelluloses ... 5) Method according to one of claims 1) to 4) characterized in that  the operation of emulsifying the (poly) isocyanate (s) phase  advantageously masked (s) is carried out by introduction of at least one  oil and / or a gum and / or at least one resin in a water + mixture  surfactant (s) + possible water-soluble polymer (s), then  mixing at a temperature of the order of 10 to 50 ° C. in mixers  of the single or multiple screw extruder (s) type, planetary mixers with  turbine, static mixers, paddle mixers, propeller mixers, arm mixers ...  can be obtained by the process according to claim 1  at least one (poly) isocyanate (s) advantageously masked (s) and that it 6. Oil-in-water emulsion characterized by the fact that it contains