FR2674552A1 - Building, and its method of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Building (1) comprising a metal framework (2) including an infrastructure (3) fixed in the ground, and a superstructure (5) consisting of columns (6) which are separated by filling panels (7), and a frame (8) supporting a roof (9), characterised in that, on the one hand, the infrastructure (3) is a flat base frame, comprising metal reinforcement profiles (10) assembled (11) to one another, and, on the other hand, sleeve tubes (12) for the lower engagement of the columns, projecting upwards above the upper level of the base frame, are fixed permanently on the latter, perpendicular to the profiles, at predetermined construction intervals.

Description

Building and its manufacturing process
The present invention relates to a building erected from prefabricated elements, and its construction method.

 More particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to buildings of the residential type, such as houses or pavilions.

 The invention relates more precisely to buildings comprising a metal frame obtained from poles, beams, sleepers, etc., and consisting of an infrastructure fixed in the ground, and a superstructure composed, on the one hand by posts separated by filler panels, some with doors, windows for example, and on the other hand by a frame supporting a roof.

In general, the erection and erection of prefabricated buildings with a metal frame requires
- a relatively long time to adjust, assemble and assemble the various component parts of the framework
- often special or specialized tools, to assemble the different parts of the frame
- a specialized and competent workforce, taking into account in particular the precision and quality required for assembly.

 For traditional frame buildings, in practice these conditions appear absolutely necessary for the realization of a dwelling for example, free from defects or disorders, some of which can go as far as affecting or compromising the strength of the building, or the physical characteristics or necessary for its use.

 Such a finding takes on a critical character for houses with metal frameworks, in areas or regions exposed to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or cyclones. However, it is precisely in these areas, for example developing countries, that the above conditions, necessary for the erection of a resistant building, cannot be met.

 The present invention therefore relates to a construction method allowing the mounting and erection of a metal frame building, with a workforce without any particular qualification, and in a relatively short time.

According to the present invention, the following two characteristics cooperate to achieve this result
1) the infrastructure is a chassis, for example rectangular or square, placed flat, comprising metal chaining profiles, assembled to each other,
2) lower interlocking sleeves of the posts, projecting upwards above the upper level of the chassis, are fixed permanently, for example by welding, perpendicular to said chassis, that is to say on the various metal profiles chaining, at predetermined construction intervals.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for which the infrastructure is embedded and anchored in a slab, the chassis serves as fixed formwork for the slab, each chaining profile being anchored inwards on the slab, itself even leveled on the upper level of the chassis.

Thanks to the framework according to the invention, the following construction method can be implemented
a) on a plate platform, the various metal chaining profiles are assembled flat with their interlocking sleeves projecting upwards, reserving and determining the assembly points of the posts
b) the posts are fitted at their lower ends onto the interlocking sleeves
c) and then, the superstructure thus obtained is completed, in the traditional manner.

 According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for which the infrastructure is embedded and anchored in a raft, the raft is poured inside the chassis then serving for its formwork; then the raft is leveled on the upper level of the chaining profiles.

 The establishment and assembly of a building as defined above becomes particularly simple, since the functional dimensions of the frame and its assembly points are essentially predetermined and precisely controlled in the factory, by the arrangement and fixing by welding of the interlocking sleeves on the chaining profiles, and not on the site during the erection of the building, with all the risks of error that this usually entails. The mounting of the framework then comes down to simple operations of assembling large but precision parts, without any special adjustments or adjustments.

 The solution according to the invention also makes it possible to give the building a very high resistance, since in particular the chaining profiles play the role of low beams, and the result is a total of a metallic assembly taking up the horizontal and vertical forces of the building, this which allows its installation in complete safety, even in the absence of the leveling of the platform. The framework according to the invention appears in particular sufficiently strong to withstand deformations generated by natural cataclysm, and to return elastically to its rest position; for example, a building constructed according to the present invention, anchored to the ground, can withstand cyclones of 250 km / h and earthquakes of amplitude 8.

 Finally, the possible connection of the framework to the concrete slab, via the formwork chassis, makes it possible to ballast the building, which represents an advantage over cataclysms of the storm or cyclone type.

The present invention is now described, according to a non-limiting embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
- Figure 1 shows in perspective, schematically, a building according to the present invention
- Figure 2 shows, in perspective and exploded, the metal frame of the building shown in Figure 1
- in the same way as in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 represents the framework in assembled form
FIG. 4 represents a sectional view of the finished building, according to the section plane IV-IV of FIG. 3.

 In the description below, the term "assembly" will be reserved for the manual assembly of at least two pieces of the metal framework, even if for this purpose connecting elements, such as screws, must be used. In contrast to the previous definition, the term "fixing" or "mounting" will be reserved below for the provision of one part of the metal frame on another, permanently, for example with joints or weld beads. The first connection mode, that is to say the assembly, is therefore carried out on the construction site, while the second connection mode is obtained in the factory, before the site work.

 In the description below, by the term "interlocking" is meant any form of adjusted and relatively precise assembly between two metal parts of the frame, whatever the methods of this interlocking, with male part on a part and female part on the other part for example.

 In general, a building according to the invention comprises a metal frame 2, comprising an infrastructure 3 embedded and anchored in a concrete slab 4, and a superstructure 5 itself constituted, on the one hand of a plurality of posts 6 distributed around the perimeter of the house, separated by filling panels 7, assembled freely with respect to the superstructure, some of which, for example 71 and 72, have windows or doors, and on the other hand a frame 8 supporting a roof 9.

This metallic framework is placed on a platform 19, consisting of a leveled ground, the connection of the framework 2 with the ground being obtained as described below.

 With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, the infrastructure 3 is a frame serving as fixed and permanent formwork for the foundation 4, laid flat on the platform 19, comprising four metal sections 10 for chaining, assembled to each other according to a quadrilateral, for example a square, and each anchored inwards and on the raft 4.

 Each chaining section 10 has the shape of a U-shaped beam, comprising an upper wing 10a, a lower wing 10b and a core 10c.

Opposite the raft, each section 10 is disposed while being open and directed onto the raft 4, the concrete of which penetrates between the two wings 10a and 10b. Different sleeves 12 for the lower interlocking of the posts 6, projecting upwards and above the surface of the raft 4 or the upper level of the chassis 3, are fixed permanently, for example by welding, to each section 10 of chaining, and this perpendicular to said chassis 3. These interlocking sleeves are arranged in the direction of the profiles 10, and therefore on each side of the formwork chassis 3, at predetermined construction intervals, fixing the points of construction before the erection of the building. reservation and assembly of the posts 6. More specifically, each sleeve 12 for interlocking consists of a profiled element of low height, also having the shape of a U-shaped beam, the opening of which is directed towards the outside, that is to say of the core 10c of a facing chaining profile; under these conditions, the sleeve 12 is closed relative to the slab 4. Each sleeve 12 is crisscrossed, rigidly, for example by welding, on the chaining profile 10 on which it is mounted. To this end, there is a cutout 10d in the upper wing 10a of the chaining profile 10, adapted in shape and dimensions to the perpendicular penetration of the interlocking sleeve 12, the lower end of the latter resting on the wing bottom 10b of the profile 10.Seals or suitable weld lines exist between the sleeve 12 and the profile 10, according to the different joining lines of these two metal parts.

 Two consecutive chaining profiles 10, arranged at right angles, are joined to one another by means 14 of manual assembly, arranged on either side on the two ends of the two profiles 10 respectively, assembled or to assemble. More specifically, an angle iron 11 assembly comprises two parts which can be mounted one on the other, consisting of two uprights 13 and 13 'perpendicular to the chaining profiles 10, permanently fixed, by welding for example, to the two ends of the two sections 10 to be assembled, that is to say against one of the end sections of the latter.

Each upright 13 or 13 'has a side 13a, in the same plane as the core 10c of the adjacent section 10, a side 13b perpendicular to the section 10 and the core 10c, and a flange 13c parallel to the side 13a. Inside the volume determined by its sides, each upright 13 comprises two legs 15, fixed on the side 13a, arranged one above the other, and perpendicular to said sides. These two tabs 15 have two perforations respectively, aligned vertically. By assembling the uprights 13 and 13 'at right angles, the lugs 15 and 15' of the two uprights respectively are arranged one on the other, their respective perforations being always aligned vertically, so as to allow the passage of a key 50.

The uprights 13 and 13 'have substantially the same height as that of the interlocking sleeves 12, and their lower end is at the same level as the wing 10b of the profiles 10. In the assembled position, the two uprights 13 and 13' constitute together a sleeve for fitting a corner post 16.

The latter has a cross section adapted in shape and dimensions to the cross section of the two uprights 13 and 13 'assembled adjacent to each other. Consequently, each corner post 16 has an open section, and comprises two perpendicular flanks 16a, two flanks 16b perpendicular to the two flanks 16a respectively, and two internal flanges 16c parallel to the two flanks 16a respectively. The height of the two flanks 16a is greater than that of the flanks 16b and 16c, so as to surround the two uprights 13 and 13 'assembled one on the other from the outside.

As regards the slab 4, and its connection with the formwork chassis 3, and with the platform 19, the following additional characteristics should be noted
- A spacer 20, comprising a straight part 20a and two curved ends at right angles 20b, is arranged transversely, relative to two chaining profiles 10 assembled at right angles as described above; for this purpose, as shown in FIG. 3, the two curved ends 20b are inserted into perforations provided for this purpose on the wing 10b of the assembled profiles
- As shown in Figure 4, and traditionally, the raft is reinforced by a mesh 51 embedded in the concrete
- Different pins 18 for anchoring in the raft 4, are mounted on different interlocking sleeves 12, in their intersecting parts on the chaining profiles 10, that is to say disposed between the two wings 10a and 10b; to this end, as shown in FIG. 3, the part of each pin arranged between its two branches penetrates right through the interlocking sleeve, crossing it by its two wings
- Finally, as shown in FIG. 4, anchoring lugs 53, fixed on the underside of the uprights of angles 13 and 13 ′, are embedded in concrete footings, obtained at the time of pouring the raft 4 into the flat -form 19.

 The posts 6 are fitted and assembled on the sleeves 12, at their lower ends, by self-tapping screws, which avoids any adjustment procedure or coincidence of assembly orifices.

 The posts 6 are subject to their upper parts with chaining beams 18, of square section, on which are fixed permanently, for example by welding, perpendicular elements 19 projecting downwards, on which fit the upper ends 6b posts 6. Consequently, in the same way as for the interlocking sleeves 12, the interlocking elements 19 are arranged on the chaining beams 18, at predetermined construction intervals, in correspondence with the intervals of the sleeves d 'fitting 12, intended for the lower ends 6a of the same posts. As shown in FIG. 3, the chaining beams 18 are assembled to each other directly, or indirectly, for example via the upper end of a corner post 16, to lead to a rigid frame, corresponding to the formwork frame 3, and linked to the latter by the posts 6. According to a he variant of the present invention, this rigid frame can be made identical to the formwork frame 3, the interlocking elements 19 being identical to the interlocking sleeves 12, being turned downwards.

 In total, and as already said, this results in a metal frame having a very good resistance to mechanical stresses or stresses, although the latter is assembled manually.

Thanks to the structure defined above, the following construction process can be implemented
a) after having prepared the platform 19, that is to say leveled the latter and dug the latter at the level of the anchor plates, the four chaining profiles 10 are assembled flat, each comprising sleeves interlocking 12, directed upwards, and two uprights 13 of assembly arranged at their two ends; a formwork chassis 3 is thus obtained the annex parts of the chassis, such as the pins 18 and the spacers 17 are then assembled with the chaining profiles 10
b) a concrete slab is poured inside the formwork frame, while distributing the concrete in the holes of the platform intended to drown the anchoring legs 53; and the raft 4 is leveled on the upper level of the chaining profiles, that is to say on the level of the upper wing 10a
c) then after drying of the raft, the posts 6a are fitted on the posts 6 on the interlocking sleeves 12, projecting upwards from the raft 4; these posts are assembled as already said with the self-tapping screws
d) the various chaining beams 18 are then fitted and assembled, by their perpendicular elements 19, on the upper ends 6b of the beams 6 erected; it is the same for the angle beam 16, already fitted by its lower end on the uprights 13 and 13 'assembled; these different chaining beams are assembled together, and to the post 6 or 16, always with self-tapping screws 17
e) then, the superstructure is then completed in the traditional way, in particular to obtain the frame of the building and the roof.

 As already said above, the raft 4 can be removed and replaced by a simple floor laid and supported by the frame 3, by any suitable means such as lugs provided on the profiles 10 of chaining.

Claims (17)

 1. Building (1) comprising a metal frame (2) comprising an infrastructure (3) fixed in the ground, and a superstructure (5) consisting of posts (6) separated by filling panels (7), and a frame (8) supporting a roof (9), characterized in that on the one hand the infrastructure (3) is a chassis arranged flat, comprising metallic profiles (10) for chaining, assembled (11) to each other , and on the other hand sleeves (12) for lower interlocking of the posts, projecting upwards above the upper level of the frame, are permanently fixed to the latter perpendicular to the profiles, at predetermined construction intervals.  2. Building according to claim 1, according to which the infrastructure (3) is embedded and anchored in a slab (4), characterized in that the frame (3) serves as fixed formwork for the slab (4), each chaining profile (10) being anchored inwards on the raft (4), itself leveled on the upper level of the chassis (3).  3. Building according to claim 1, according to which the infrastructure (3) supports a floor, characterized in that the frame (3) supports said expensive plane.  4. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that each section (10) of chaining has a U-shaped section, open on the raft (4).  5. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that each sleeve (12) interlocking consists of a profiled element, rigidly intertwined with a chaining profile (10).  6. Building according to claim 5, characterized in that the profiled element (12) has a U-shaped section.  7. Building according to claims 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that the rigid intersection is obtained by cutting at least in the wing (10a) of the upper section (10) of chaining, adapted in section to the perpendicular penetration of the profiled element (12), of the weld joints existing according to the different joining lines between the chaining profile and the interlocking profiled element.  8. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the formwork frame (3) comprises at least one angle (11) for assembling two sections (10) of chaining arranged angularly, said angle being made up of two uprights (13 , 13 ') perpendicular, fixed permanently to the two assembled ends of the two chaining profiles respectively, and these two flanks being assembled to one another with a means (14) of manual assembly.  9. Building according to claim 8, characterized in that, on the side directed towards the inside of the frame of the formwork (4), the two uprights (13,13 ') respectively comprise two parts (15,15') complementary to the means (14) manual assembly.  10. Building according to claim 8, characterized in that the two uprights (13,13 ') adjacent to the assembled angle together constitute a socket for fitting a corner post (16).  11. Building according to claim 8, characterized in that the two chaining sections (10) angularly assembled are reinforced by a transverse spacer (17) connecting them.  12. Building according to claims 2 and 5, characterized in that a pin (18) for anchoring in the raft (4) is mounted on the part of the sleeve (12) for interlocking, crisscrossed on the chaining profile ( 10).  13. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts (6) fitted on the sleeves (12) are assembled on the latter by self-tapping screws.  14. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts (6) are subject to their upper part with beams (18) of chaining, on which are fixed permanently elements (19) perpendicular projecting down, on which fit the upper ends (6b) of said posts respectively, and arranged at predetermined construction intervals, in correspondence with the intervals of the sleeves (12) for fitting the lower ends (6a) of the same said posts.  15. Building according to claim 14, characterized in that the beams (18) chaining together form a rigid frame, by joining together, directly or indirectly.  16. Method of constructing a building (1) according to which a metal frame (2) is erected comprising an infrastructure (3), and a superstructure (5) consisting of posts (6) separated by filling panels (7) , and a frame (8) supporting a roof, characterized in that  a) on a plate platform (19), with metal profiles (10) for chaining comprising interlocking sleeves (12) projecting perpendicularly upwards, a frame (3) is assembled flat  b) the posts (6) are fitted at their lower ends (6a) onto the interlocking sleeves (12)  c) and the superstructure obtained is completed.  17. Method according to claim 16, and according to which the infrastructure is drowned and anchored in a raft (4), characterized in that the raft (4) is poured inside the chassis (3) used for its formwork, and the raft is leveled on the upper level of the chaining profiles (10).