FR2668525A1 - Method for the construction of an underground annex area - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for construction of an area, in particular an annex, arranged as a substructure below a house, after construction, the house resting on a slab, itself bearing on the ground, and the method is characterised by the succession of the following operations: (a) a cutting (5) is formed by excavation, this cutting running in an inclined plane from the outside and ending in a vertical front situated substantially in line with the foundation of an external wall of the structure, (b) the front thus cleared is worked on, and the earth excavated from under the slab (4) is removed by digging a horizontal tunnel which runs from the outside under the house, (c) lateral panels (9, 9') are put into place laterally, as the tunnel progresses, in order to contain the foundation pressure, (d) bracing means (13, 13') are arranged between the panels situated laterally at the same advancement level, in particular beams which support the floating slab (4), (e) the base of the panels is sunk in a floor slab (18). The invention also relates to the area thus obtained and to the prefabricated panels (9, 9') for carrying out this method.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for the production in the basement of an annex room, in particular a garage, arranged under a dwelling itself resting on a floating slab bearing on the ground.

The invention will be particularly applicable to the extension of a pavilion or a villa and generally of a construction carried out according to current techniques, directly supported on the ground by means of a floating slab and not comprising of basement.

This widespread type of construction has the advantage of avoiding earthworks and allows the use of prefabricated elements, which considerably lowers the cost price.

Generally, a room is provided laterally with respect to the pavilion, which extends the construction and which serves as a garage, shed, etc., this room being made on the ground and resting, like the rest of the construction, on the floating slab of the together.

However, it may appear uneconomical to occupy an available space to allocate it for a secondary use such as a garage, annex, shed, laid out on the ground and which do not contribute to the ease of movement and the comfort linked to available space in the home.

And frequently, as the family grows, it seems desirable and useful to seek to recover the annexed premises made up in particular of the garage for the needs of enlarging the available living space; the recovery of this additional room to allocate it to the living space and integrate it into the main house is all the more interesting as the volume of the garage is located on the ground floor with the rest of the circulation space and life inside the house and can therefore easily be integrated.

However, the elimination of the garage and the response to the need for storage that it regulates is no more satisfactory, unless provision is made for the establishment of a replacement room, without this latter encroaching again on the space available both indoors and outdoors.

The invention aims to solve this difficulty and makes it possible precisely to set up an annex room capable of fulfilling the function in particular of garage, shed, etc., thereby freeing up the space and volume occupied by the previous garage (located on the ground floor), without however in any way reducing the volume and space available for the life and comfort of the inhabitants, both inside and outside (garden, courtyard, etc.) .

According to the invention, the said annex room is produced, intended to constitute the new garage or shed, thereby freeing up the space and the volume assigned to the function of the previous garage, the new annex room being arranged and arranged in under-work under a house and therefore recovering in a previously dead volume, because "buried", a possibility of storage thus allowing to allocate to the living space the previously sterilized premises for the needs of vehicle garage.

To this end, the invention relates to a process for producing a room, in particular an annex, arranged and arranged as an underlay under a dwelling, after construction, the dwelling resting on a slab, itself resting on the ground, and the process is characterized by the succession of the following operations: (a) a trench is practiced in inclined plane from the outside and leading to a vertical front situated substantially in line with the foundation of an exterior wall of the construction , (b) we work the front thus cleared and we evacuate the excavated earth under the slab by practicing a horizontal tunnel advancing from the outside under the dwelling, (c) we set up laterally, as and as the tunnel clears, side panels to contain the thrust of the earth, (d) we have bracing means between the panels located laterally at the same level of advancement, (e) we drown the base of the panels in a floor slab.

And more specifically, at the end of digging the tunnel, the room is finished by installing panels occupying the transverse bottom, which are put in place before the casting of the lower floor slab which takes up all the panels at the base. forming the wall lining the tunnel thus practiced and defining the new annex room.

According to one embodiment, the working of the land is carried out by mechanical means.

And more specifically, mechanical means are used which consist of a horizontal drilling machine comprising means for advancing horizontally and at least one and preferably several rotors or drill bits for horizontal axis as well as means for removing the cuttings. from the working front to the rear.

And preferably again, mechanical means are used comprising handling members, in particular lateral jacks, capable of moving the panels intended to line the walls of the tunnel, the said panels thus being able to be mechanically raised for their vertical positioning. .

And according to a development of the invention, the panels are braced together at their vertices by placing high beams resting on the vertices of two panels facing one side wall to the other, the beam bracing thus opposing the bringing together of the two panels.

And more specifically, said beam is arranged so as to constitute at the same time a support supporting or strengthening the initial slab.

According to a development of the process of the invention, a gap is left under the side panels and possibly under the bottom panels with respect to the natural ground, the panels resting on wedging means, and the slab or lower floor subsequently cast. at the end of the work coming back to the base of all the panels thus embedded in this slab.

More specifically still, in the context of the implementation of the invention, panels consisting of a flat plate having a free vertical edge and on the opposite vertical edge are used a double bend forming a step thus defining a housing capable of receiving the free vertical edge of the neighboring panel thus blocked in said recess of the adjacent panel.

According to yet another development of the invention, there is, preferably laterally relative to the longitudinal axis of the room, a drainage network capable of recovering water from infiltration or precipitation, this network is associated with a tank of recovery, preferably placed in the corner of the room, arranged towards the entrance of the latter, this tank capable of accumulating seepage or precipitation water being provided with means of evacuation.

The invention also relates to a prefabricated wall panel in molded material, in particular in reinforced concrete, and capable of being used in the context of the method according to the invention, the panel being of the type having a free vertical edge and on the edge vertical opposite a recess forming a housing capable of receiving the free vertical edge of the neighboring panel, and this panel is characterized in that it comprises means, in particular lights, grooves, notches and generally openings or solutions of continuity in its paroli, allowing to constitute receptor supports of support means such as boards, shelves, hooks or the like.

And more specifically, the panel comprises lights or blind openings for receiving inserts themselves associated with support members such as suspension hooks, and the panel more especially comprises on two opposite sides of said recess coming into overflow with respect to the interior wall of the panel, corresponding to the wall of the housing, horizontally spaced grooves and thus offering on two adjacent recesses parallel slides arranged at the same level capable of receiving a shelf, board or shelf inserted between the two receiving grooves belonging to two adjacent recesses separated by a panel wall.

The invention also relates to a finished and arranged room, being arranged as an under-work, in a dwelling resting on the ground by a floating slab, and characterized in that it was produced according to the above process, the room being consisting of a tunnel arranged under the floating slab, the side walls and the bottom wall of the room being lined with vertical panels braced by high beams resting on the tops of the panels on the one hand and supporting on the other hand the floating slab of the dwelling taken as an underpinning.

And said room is also characterized in that it is accessible by a trench in an inclined plane, the downward slope of which leads directly to an exterior wall of the building, the plumb of this trench constituting the access opening of the annex room furnished with a shutter door of known type.

And according to another characteristic, the local annex comprises at a level lower than the floor slab which garnishes it a tank tank capable of receiving water for infiltration or precipitation and constituting water reserve, equipped with a means of discharge such as a pump.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in relation to an embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a living room before the implementation of the method.

Figure 2 shows a sectional view at the same level of the house after implementation of the process and constitution of the annex room according to the invention.

Figure 3 represents a view in horizontal section of the panels lining the annex room after its construction.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of an assembly of two neighboring panels and the bracing beam placed at the top of a panel.

According to all of the Figures, it can be seen that one starts from an individual dwelling 1 of the type in which the superstructures 2 rest on the natural ground 3 by means of a floating slab 4.

A lateral part of the house is used for garage use and is laid out on the same level as the rest of the house, the garage floor being formed by said floating slab.

According to the invention, it is desired to recover the space and the large volume which the garage represents and which is available for the use of living space (living room, living room, bedroom etc.) and for this purpose it is therefore desirable to transfer the garage to a new annex room, easily accessible to the car, or to cars, and this without constituting a new footprint which would reduce the space available around the house, especially as the adjoining neighboring homes are often there is no space available laterally.

To this end according to the invention, the first step is to form a trench 5 in an inclined plane which is produced by mechanical means (mechanical shovels) until this trench ends at the base of the plane. inclined, to a vertical front located substantially perpendicular to the foundation 6 of the wall 7 constituting for example the facade wall.

The trench in inclined plane being thus produced by cuttings, there is a vertical front (shown diagrammatically by line 8 in the Figure) and which is then subjected to the work of a horizontal drilling machine used for the clearance of the tunnel.

This machine advances under the interior space of the house by clearing a front with a width of about 3 meters and a height of about 2 meters.

The machine is provided for this purpose with earth working means in the form of drill bits with a horizontal axis associated with lower evacuation means making it possible to carry back the earth released by the working of the machine.

It is thus possible to advance at a rate, depending on the nature of the terrain, from 1 to 3 meters per day, which allows all of the tunnel drilling work to be carried out in a shorter time or a maximum of one week, taking into account with a tunnel length between 6 and 12 meters.

The figures specified above have only an indicative value and are of course adapted to the particular circumstances.

As the machine clears the tunnel under the floating slab 4, which is exposed in its lower part, side panels are put in place on each side so as to ensure the stability and the resistance to the thrust of the land.

These panels are illustrated by the view in FIG. 3 and it can be seen that they preferably consist of a plate, for example of reinforced concrete of a type known per se.

This plate 9 has a free vertical edge 10 and on its opposite edge a double recess forming a bend 11 thus defining an interior housing 12 capable of receiving the free vertical edge 10 'of the neighboring panel 9'.

As the machine advances in depth, the panels 9, 9 'are placed on each side so as to ensure the stability of the assembly.

And preferably the machine is provided for this purpose with mechanical handling members, in particular jacks, which make it possible to ensure the recovery from stock (for example at the level of trench 5) of the panels, brought them into position against the wall. cleared land and its maneuver so as to bring it into a vertical operational position.

It is thus possible to operate with limited personnel resources and with an efficient and economical yield of time.

As the side panels facing each other are put in place, they are at the same time braced by insertion of a high bracing beam 13 placed at each end in a niche 14 arranged in the thickness of the drop 11.

Optionally, the support of the beams 13 at the level of two panels facing each other could be produced by an overhang either attached or disposed by prefabrication on the outer wall of the recess 11 of the panels.

The beam 13 can for this purpose be engaged in a first panel on one side which is put in place and it is provided by support posts; after which the machine brings into position the panel facing the previous one which is raised in the inclined position so as to first engage its recess 12 on the free end of the beam 13 and at the same time the panel is raised in the inclined position and straightened so as to come to occupy its final place, the end of the beam 13 then being engaged and wedged in the two niches of the panels in opposite opposition from one side to the other of the new garage.

The beam may consist of any suitable element such as prestressed concrete or metallic I-beam
Thus as the work progresses, the panels block the earth and at the same time ensure by placing beams 13 the support of the upper slab previously cleared which is thus based on this infrastructure reported under -work which ensures the security of the space freed at the level of the room previously constituting the garage and which is assigned to a living space for the inhabitants.

According to FIG. 2, it can also be seen that a lower tank 14 has been placed, preferably towards the entrance to the new annex room, which redistributes the water from a network serving the entire annex room underground and which thus makes it possible to evacuate the infiltration waters or the precipitation waters in particular coming from the trench 5 in the event of a thunderstorm.

This tank is provided with a suitable capacity according to local needs; it is provided with a pump which allows its evacuation.

The tank 14 thus produced makes it possible to constitute a precious water reserve in particular for the needs of the garden and watering, more especially in summer and during periods of drought.

The tank and the drainage network make it possible to easily and simply solve the problems associated with seepage water, especially when the garage (i.e. the new lower tunnel construction) is near a water table. phreatic.

During this time the old garage which could be cleared is thus available, possibly affected by a new facade and the old garage can therefore receive a decoration corresponding to its new use.

Advantageously, it will be put in communication with the rest of the house by appropriate openings and passages, in case they did not previously exist; similarly, the new underground and tunnel garage is placed in communication from the inside, for example by a spiral staircase therefore allowing access to the new garage from the interior space of the house.

According to a development of the invention, the panels 9, 9 ′ used in the context of the reinforcement of the walls are prefabricated panels which consequently make it possible to quickly set up a clean and dressed surfacing, without the new premises consequently requiring finishing work.

However, these panels advantageously have reserves, lights or openings, in particular blind bores as shown in FIG. 4.

In the Figure, we see in particular grooves 16, 16 'which are arranged on the two lateral edges of the recess 11; so that two neighboring recesses offer, on their face llb and lic facing one panel to the other, slides or grooves 16, 16 'capable of allowing the engagement of boards, shelves or shelves thus resting on the two adjacent recesses.

These grooves 16, 16 'can advantageously be stepped along the recesses 11 so as to allow a suitable adjustment in height of the boards which are always arranged in parallel.

In the body of the panel itself, it is possible to provide blind or light openings 14, 14 ′ capable of receiving inserts for fixing supporting instruments or any accessories such as for example hooks 15, 15 ′, 15 ".

It can be seen that under these conditions, the panels make it possible to offer the user, in a technical and utility room, a whole set of support means allowing the storage of accessories and various articles, without it it is necessary to practice, according to the prior art, openings by drilling with a tampon or by a drill.

The openings are thus available everywhere to allow the attachment of hooks or supports thus increasing the possibilities of convenient storage for the benefit of the users.

We see that the invention therefore makes it possible to carry out an enlargement, from a traditional or conventional house, which is particularly advantageous insofar as it makes available a new room, placed on the ground floor, while retaining the utility function (garage, shed) which was previously available and which is carried in a frame (in the basement) hitherto unused.

Owners or occupants of this type of pavilion or villa can therefore easily benefit, at a given time, from a considerable enlargement multiplying the volume of life usable for the family, while maintaining the same quality of comfort, the same living environment and the same surface available outside; moreover, the environment of the house is not negatively affected by the erection of an additional monument, the appearance of the pavilion remaining identical to itself.

As seen in FIG. 2, the base of the panels 9, 9 ′ is embedded at the end of the work in a lower slab 18 which blocks the panels in position and which includes drainage means leading to the tank 14.

Claims (15)

1 - Method for producing a room, in particular an annex, arranged and arranged as an under-work under a dwelling, after construction, the dwelling resting on a slab, itself resting on the ground, and the method is characterized by the succession of the following operations: (a) a trench is made in an inclined plane from the outside and leading to a vertical front located substantially above the foundation of an exterior wall of the construction, (b) work the forehead thus cleared and the excavated earth is evacuated under the slab by practicing a horizontal tunnel advancing from the outside under the dwelling, (c) one sets up laterally, as the clearing of the tunnel, side panels to contain the thrust of the land, (d) we have bracing means between the panels located laterally at the same level of advancement, (e) we drown the base of the panels in a floor slab. 2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of digging the tunnel, the room is finished by placing panels occupying the transverse bottom, which are put in place before the casting of the lower floor slab which resumes at the base all the panels forming the wall lining the tunnel thus practiced and defining the new annex room. 3 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working of the land is carried out by mechanical means. 4 - Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one uses mechanical means consisting of a horizontal drilling machine comprising means for advancing horizontally and at least one and preferably several tops or drill bits for horizontal axis as well as means for removing the cuttings from the working front towards the rear. 5 - Method according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that mechanical means are used comprising handling members, in particular lateral jacks, capable of moving the panels intended to line the walls of the tunnel, said panels (9, 9 ') thus being able to be mechanically raised for their vertical positioning. 6 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the panels are braced together at their vertices by placing high beams (13) bearing on the tops of two panels being facing from one side wall to the other, the bracing beam thus opposing the bringing together of the two panels. 7 - A method according to claim 6, and characterized in that said beam (13) is arranged so as to constitute at the same time a support supporting or strengthening the initial slab. 8 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, and characterized in that there is left under the side panels and optionally under the bottom panels a free gap with respect to the clear natural ground, the panels resting on means of wedging, and the lower slab or floor later poured at the end of the work coming back to the base of all the panels thus embedded in this slab. 9 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, and characterized in that one uses in the context of the implementation of the invention panels (9, 9 ') consisting of a flat plate having a free vertical edge and on the opposite vertical edge a double bend forming a recess (11) thus defining a housing (12) capable of receiving the free vertical edge (10) of the neighboring panel thus blocked in said recess of the adjacent panel. 10 - Method according to one of claims I to 9, and characterized in that there is, preferably laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the room, a drainage network capable of recovering water from infiltration or precipitation, this network is associated with a recovery tank (14), preferably arranged in the corner of the room, arranged towards the entrance of the latter, this tank capable of accumulating water for infiltration or precipitation being provided with means of evacuation. 11 - Prefabricated wall panel in molded material, in particular in reinforced concrete, and able to be used within the framework of the method according to one of claims 1 to 10 above, the panel (9, 9 ') being of type having a free vertical edge (10) and on the opposite vertical edge a recess (11) forming a housing (12) capable of receiving the free vertical edge of the neighboring panel, and this panel is characteristic in that it comprises means , in particular of the lights, grooves, notches and generally openings or solutions of continuity (14, 14 ', 15, 15', 16, 16 ') in its wall, making it possible to constitute supports receptors of support means such as boards, shelves , hooks or the like. 12 - Panel according to claim 11, and characterized in that it comprises lights or blind openings for receiving inserts themselves associated with support members such as suspension hooks, and the panel more especially comprises on two opposite sides said recess projecting from the interior wall of the panel, corresponding to the wall of the housing, grooves (16, 16 ') stepped horizontally and thus offering on two adjacent recesses parallel slides arranged at the same level capable of receiving a shelf , board or radius inserted between the two receiving grooves belonging to two neighboring recesses separated by a panel wall. 13 - Completed and arranged room, being arranged in under-work, in a dwelling resting on the ground by a floating slab, and characterized in that it was produced according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 10 above , the room being made up of a tunnel arranged under the floating slab, the side walls and the bottom wall of the room being lined with vertical braced panels (9, 9 ') by high beams (13) resting at the tops of the panels 'on the one hand and supporting on the other hand the floating slab of the dwelling included in the work. 14 - Local according to claim 13, and characterized in that it is accessible by a trench in an inclined plane whose downward slope leads to the plumb of an exterior wall of the construction, the plumb of this trench constituting the access opening to the annex room fitted with a known type shutter door. 15 - Local according to one of claims 13 or 14, and characterized in that it comprises at a level-lower than the floor slab which lines it with a tank tank (14) capable of receiving water for infiltration or precipitation and constituting water reserve, equipped with a means of evacuation such as a pump.