FR2654112A1 - METHOD AND PLANT FOR TREATING URBAN AND / OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE. - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the process of the invention the waste to be treated is dehydrated beforehand in a closed drying enclosure (1), the gases (16) produced during the drying are recovered in a circuit closed to the atmosphere and these gases are subjected to a purification stage (17, 12), at least a part of the said purified gases (11) is reinjected into the plant as drying agents and the excess noncontaminating gases are discharged to the outside. In addition, the thermolysis reaction is conducted at low temperature, of the order of 400 to 450 DEG C, in an insulated and controlled thermolysis chamber (2), the gaseous products originating from the thermolysis reaction are recovered and treated in circuits (4, 33) which are closed to the atmosphere, in which the combustible gaseous components are separated from the tars in the gaseous state and the combustible gases are then purified with a view to their subsequent use in the said process.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a treatment plant of

  urban and / or industrial waste. It will find particular application in the field of urban and / or industrial waste disposal

  as well as in the field of recovery of this waste.

  In the field of urban and / or industrial waste treatment, various techniques are known today, ranging from the simplest of which consists of a deposit of garbage and waste in open dumps to the most sophisticated solutions using the reactions. of

pyrolysis or thermolysis.

  Pyrolysis consists in burning a solid with a certain lack of oxygen Oxygen is used in this reaction to heat the product and to decompose the materials in combustible gases, smoke and

  combustible carbonaceous residues, such as charcoal.

  The thermolysis reaction is still greater than that of the pyrolysis because it is in the presence of a phenomenon of distillation of organic matter During this reaction, the heat does not come from a direct flame but by

  radiation from a heating chamber.

  When a thermolysis reaction is carried out on urban and / or industrial waste, some sort of distillation will be carried out to finally obtain carbonaceous solids recoverable and recoverable after sorting the inerts, tars recoverable and recoverable in specific petrochemical plants, as well as clean gases that can be reused So far, laboratory tests of thermolysis and some experiments promise an interesting future for the treatment of urban and / or industrial waste but no process or treatment facility has yet seen the light of day

  certain economic industrial development.

  Indeed, to be exploitable, such a waste treatment plant and urban and / or industrial must be efficient, economical, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The efficiency of the installation depends on the quality of the products obtained, that is to say, recoverable residual materials. This efficiency is also related to the time of implementation of a treatment and consequently has repercussions on the cost of treatment In fact, as it is a question of treating urban and / or industrial waste, it is necessary that this

  treatment is affordable so as not to be a deterrent.

  Finally, the treatment facility must be safe as to its operation, that is, it must not be dangerous for personnel who monitor operations or pollute the environment with respect to

  possible releases that could occur.

  The object of the present invention is to propose a method and a plant for treating urban and / or industrial waste in which a thermolysis reaction is carried out which is entirely adapted to the requirements

  industrial, ie efficiency, economy, pollution.

  One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and an installation for the treatment of urban and / or industrial waste, which allow a continuous treatment of the waste and which allow a long mechanical life of the installation while avoiding to the maximum

repetitive thermal shocks

  Another object of the present invention is to propose a method and a facility for treating urban and / or industrial waste in which the temperature is obtained by the autothermal combustion of the residues produced.

during the reaction.

  Another object of the present invention is to propose a method and a facility for treating urban and / or industrial waste in which the various steps are controlled so that the control of each of these steps is carried out with regard to the temperatures used. works, the atmosphere in which the reaction is conducted, to allow stable operation

in temperature and pressure.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method that allows the realization of urban and / or industrial waste treatment facilities, which are modular in their capacity and which can be adapted

  easily depending on such and such uses.

  Another object of the present invention is to propose a method and an installation for destroying

  urban and / or industrial wastes that are of interest to.

  level of recovery of the material that can be stored

  then checked before reuse.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an installation for treating urban and / or industrial waste which are particularly interesting from an ecological point of view and which make it possible to provide a solution to the problem of pollution of

  incinerators, well known to date.

  Indeed, thanks to the present invention, it releases into the atmosphere only gases or products previously purified, that is to say in which it eliminates any trace of pollution to the environment and is particularly avoided creation at high temperature of compounds

  chlorinated and stable pollutants, difficult to eliminate, such.

than dioxide.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention

  will appear in the following description which is not

  However, given as an indication and not intended

to limit it.

  According to the present invention, the method for treating urban and / or industrial waste, by which the waste is subjected to a thermolysis reaction, is characterized in that: the debris is first dehydrated in a closed drying chamber; recovering all the gases produced during drying, in closed circuit with respect to the atmosphere, and these gases are subjected to a purification step, at least partially reinjected said purified gases into

  the installation as a drying agent and the gases are evacuated.

  excess non-polluting to the outside.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the thermolysis reaction is carried out at a low temperature, of the order of 400 to 4500 C, in a thermolysis chamber, isolated and controlled, then the gaseous products from the reactor are recovered and treated. thermolysis reaction, in closed circuits with respect to the atmosphere, in which the combustible gaseous elements are separated from the tars in the gaseous state, then the combustible gases are purified for later reuse in

said method.

  The installation for carrying out the process of the invention comprises at least: a drying chamber for the waste to be treated, constituted by a closed enclosure, means for creating a stream of hot air capable of circulating from the inlet to the outlet of said drying chamber, means for recovering the gaseous fluid resulting from the drying at the outlet of the drying chamber,

  means for purifying said gaseous fluid resulting from drying.

  In addition, the plant comprises a controlled and insulated thermolysis chamber, constituted by a jacketed reactor having a primary enclosure, into which the waste is introduced, and a secondary heating chamber, capable of raising at least the temperature of the primary enclosure for carrying out the thermolysis reaction as well as means for recovering solids and for recovering and treating gaseous products resulting from thermolysis. The present invention will be better understood in

  reading of the following description, accompanied by drawings in

  annex which form an integral part thereof.

  Figure 1 shows schematically the various elements constituting the treatment plant of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows in detail the means of recovery and treatment of gaseous products from the

  thermolysis conducted in the installation of Figure 1.

  The invention relates to a method and an installation for treating urban and / or industrial waste, which in particular makes it possible to destroy such waste in a non-polluting and economical manner by using a thermolysis reaction. With regard to pollution, it should be noted that

  the system developed allows processing in circuits.

  closed avoiding any communication with the outside.

  With regard to the profitability of the installation, it should be noted that the products obtained by the implementation of the thermolysis are constituted by recoverable carbon solids and recoverable after sorting the inerts, tars also recoverable and recoverable in plants. specific thermal or petrochemical installations as well as reusable clean gases in the process of

the invention after checking.

  This recovery significantly reduces the costs of waste treatment, and the recovery of

  certain gases allow a sensible saving of energy.

  Thus, by the process of the present invention, the waste is subjected to a totally controlled thermolysis reaction, in which the creation at high temperature is avoided in particular.

  temperature of chlorinated compounds and stable pollutants.

  difficult to eliminate, such as dioxide, then recovering the products obtained by implementing different steps carried out successively and sequentially, without rejection

pollutant for the atmosphere.

  Prior to the thermolysis reaction, according to the present invention, the waste to be treated is dehydrated so that

  to eliminate a large part of the moisture contained in them.

  This prior dehydration is carried out in a closed drying chamber and this phase is completely controlled because all the gases produced during drying are recovered in a closed circuit with respect to the atmosphere, and these gases are subjected to a purification step. This is a very important point on the map

  pollution and the economy.

  In terms of economy, according to the treatment method of the invention, at least partially reinjects said purified gases into the installation as a drying agent. However, it is necessary to evacuate the excess gases because, for example it is necessary to enter the combustion air installation However, this discharge to the outside is carried out in a non-polluting way because the gases

  surpluses are not aggressive for the atmosphere.

  In addition, according to the process of the present invention, the thermolysis is advantageously carried out at a temperature below 450 ° C. in order to avoid formation

  hazardous pollutants such as for example dioxide.

  This thermolysis reaction is conducted in an isolated and controlled thermolysis chamber, from which the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis reaction are recovered in closed circuits with respect to the atmosphere. The gaseous products recovered, resulting from the thermolysis reaction, are then also treated in closed circuits in which the combustible gaseous elements are separated from the tars in the gaseous state, and the combustible gasses are then purified for later use in said gas. process, that is to say that the droplets are separated from the gas

before storage.

  It should be noted that the thermolysis reaction can

  be conducted at atmospheric pressure.

  However, very good results were obtained by carrying out the thermolysis reaction under a neutral gas sweep for the reaction, in the thermolysis chamber, at a controlled pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure. Good results have also been obtained by conducting the thermolysis reaction in an overpressure thermolysis chamber. The gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis are taken continuously from the thermolysis chamber and directed to the means for recovering and treating said products.

gaseous.

  In the case where the reaction is conducted under a purge of neutral gas, said gas is blown into the thermolysis chamber at a pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure, for example of the order of 1.6 bar, which causes

  continuously gaseous products from thermolysis.

  In the case where the thermolysis reaction is conducted under overpressure, it is the pressure that prevails inside the

  thermolysis chamber that will disperse gases from the.

  thermolysis out of the enclosure according to a pressure of

predetermined setting.

  By way of information, it should be noted that various experiments have been carried out giving significant results by carrying out: thermolysis between 400 and 4500 C under C02 carbon dioxide scavenging at an internal pressure of 1.6 bar, the thermolysis between 400 and 4501 C under absolute pressure

up to 3 bars.

  With regard to the actual thermolysis step, the temperature in the thermolysis chamber is set indirectly, relative to the waste to be treated, by

  circulation of high temperature heating gas.

  According to one characteristic of the present invention, these heating gases are recovered in a closed circuit with respect to the atmosphere, and these gases are subjected to a purification step, in the same way as the gases produced during the

prior drying.

  Also, at least some of the gases are reinjected

  purified in the installation as a drying agent.

  Surplus gases purified, therefore non-polluting,

  can be evacuated to the outside of the installation.

  One of the advantages of the process of the present invention is to allow continuous treatment of the waste. For this purpose, the waste is dehydrated in a drying chamber, in which they are stirred and subjected to a flow of hot air, such as one defines an advance movement of waste from the inlet to the outlet of said

drying room.

  The waste thus dehydrated is then introduced, gravitarily and sequentially, into said isolated and controlled thermolysis chamber, in which the actual thermolysis reaction is carried out, as this has been done.

been specified above.

  When the waste to be treated has undergone the thermolysis phase, the solids resulting from the thermolysis are then removed gravitarily and sequentially for their recovery. In this regard, remember that the gaseous products from thermolysis are continuously withdrawn as specified above. FIG. 1 shows an example of an urban and / or industrial waste treatment plant capable of implementing a thermolysis reaction and designed particularly for carrying out the process of the invention which comes

to be described.

  It comprises at least one drying chamber (1), controlled and isolated, waste to be treated, a thermolysis chamber (2) controlled and isolated, and means (3, 4) for recovering solids and gaseous products

from thermolysis.

  In addition, to allow a continuous treatment of the waste and to allow the implementation of the various steps of the process sequentially, the drying chamber (1), the thermolysis chamber (2) and the means (3) for recovering the materials solids are advantageously arranged successively in series so as to allow continuous sequential gravity movement of the waste and contained materials from the inlet of the installation (5) to its outlet (6) and that the can be kept in each room (1, 2,

  3) stable operation in temperature and / or pressure.

  Thanks to this succession of chambers, it is possible to continuously supply the installation and to separate the different functions of the chambers, thermal shocks and sealing problems are avoided by operation.

stable of each of the rooms.

  The first phase of the actual treatment consists of a phase of drying or dehydration of the waste. This phase is conducted in the drying chamber (1) in which the waste is stirred and subjected to a hot air flow. In addition, an advance movement (7) of the waste from the inlet (5) is generated. the output (8) of said

drying chamber (1).

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber (1) is constituted by a closed enclosure (9), having an inlet (5) through which the waste to be treated is introduced and an outlet (8) from which

  the dehydrated product will evacuate.

  Inside the closed enclosure (9) is provided a motorized drum (10) adapted to contain the waste to be dried and stirred continuously, and also able to create said advance movement (7) for waste from the entrance (5) to the

output (8).

  To obtain the dehydration of waste, they are

  subject to a flow of hot air, shown schematically in (11) in the figure.

  Also, according to the invention, the installation comprises means (12, 13) for creating a stream of hot air able to circulate in

said drying chamber (9).

  As shown particularly in the figure, the preparation of this hot air is carried out in a treatment box (12) which comprises a gas burner (13) and a blowing system (47) placed upstream of the burner (13), and

  adapted to direct a gas flow to the flame of said burner.

  The drying circuit also comprises means (48) for recovering the gaseous fluid resulting from the drying of the drying chamber (9) as well as means for purifying

  said gaseous fluid resulting from drying.

  Thus, the dry hot air (11) introduced into the dryer absorbs, in contact with stirred waste, the moisture contained therein and thus leaves loaded with moisture in (16). This moist air (16) recovered by the means (48), then passes through a condenser exchanger (17) to be dehumidified and before being recycled to the means (12, 13) to create said hot air stream, at the entrance level (15)

  the air handling chamber (12) to be cleaned.

  In particular, according to the present invention, said means for creating the hot air stream and for purifying the gaseous fluid are constituted substantially by the

  burner (13) and the blowing system (47).

  It will provide a burner whose flame advantageously reaches at least 8500 C and a blowing system whose speeds will be such that said gases will pass through the flame and will be maintained at this temperature for at least two seconds. Thus, sterilization of the gases will be obtained. so purified and the aromatic essences they

contained would be burned.

  It should be noted that in order to allow the combustion of the gas burner (13), a supply of air (14) from the outside is also provided, since the dryer outlet gases are recycled to the box (12). ), via a gas supply (15) upstream of the burner, it will be necessary to evacuate a portion of the purified recycled gas to the outside These excess gases are non-polluting for

the atmosphere.

  In this regard, it should be noted that a set of recovery batteries (18) installed on the high-temperature excess gas outlet (19) and the outside air supply (20) will advantageously be provided in order to allow to heat this air before aspiration by the burner (13) This will also allow appreciable energy recovery. A valve (50), installed on the high-temperature excess gas discharge (19), before the recovery battery (18), will allow the adjustment of the air volume by

  input relative to the volume of air output.

  In addition, to promote drying, according to the present invention, the flow direction of the hot air flow (11) is contrary to said advance movement (7) of waste in the dryer For this, the drum is placed (10). ) dand said hot air flow and is provided its rotation and its arrangement so that hot air is introduced countercurrent into the dryer. More specifically, said drum (10) is arranged horizontally with its axis of rotation inclined to allow movement (7) of waste from the inlet (5) to the outlet (8) of the dryer In addition, to promote this movement, the drum (10) will internally have fixed blades (49)

on the latter.

  However, following this drying phase, according to the present invetnion, the thermolysis reaction is conducted.

  proper in the thermolysis chamber (2).

  According to the illustrated embodiment, this thermolysis chamber (2) is constituted by a double-jacketed reactor having an inner fixed primary enclosure (21), into which waste is introduced, and by an external secondary heating enclosure (22). , fixed,

  enclosing said primary enclosure (21).

  Inside the reactor (2) is provided a motorized rotor (23) equipped with pallets (24) oriented and fixed on

  a central axis controlled by a motor (25).

  The arrangement of the pallets as well as the rotation thereof cause a displacement of the waste or solids, shown schematically by the arrow (26) of the inlet (8)

  from the thermolysis chamber (2) to its outlet (27).

  In the proposed embodiment, the thermolysis chamber is horizontal; Nevertheless, other arrangements could be envisaged, the rotor being able to be oblique, or even vertical. Similarly, a fixed enclosure and a rotating rotor were provided, but of course, one could imagine a reverse system in which it would be the enclosure. who would turn. The heating of the waste is notably ensured by the combustion gases of a burner (28), of mixed fuel oil type for example, circulating in said enclosure

  secondary (22) surrounding the primary enclosure (21).

  This circulation of high temperature gas notably allows the temperature rise inside the enclosure (21) of the reactor of the order of 400 to 4500 C. At the outlet (29) of the secondary enclosure (22) , the gases shown schematically in (30) in the figure are reinjected into the drying circuit, as described above, thus participating in energy recovery These gases are in particular reinjected

  at the inlet (15) of the box (12).

  Also, such an arrangement allows the recovery of the heating gases putting the temperature of the thermolysis chamber, recovery which is carried out in a closed circuit with respect to the atmosphere. These gases are also subjected to a purification step as it was for drying gases. Part of these purified gases is reinjected into

  the installation, as a drying agent, and the gases are evacuated.

  excess non-polluting to the outside.

  In addition, according to the invention, the drying chambers (1) and thermolysis (2) are superimposed, as shown in particular in Figure 1, so that the loading can occur gravitarily Nevertheless, we could consider placing rooms (1) and (2) side by side and

  load using elevator conveyors.

  Between the outlet of the drying chamber (1) and the inlet of the thermolysis chamber (2), there is a lock (31) able to connect the two chambers in a sealed manner, so that the waste can be introduced into the chamber thermolysis (2) continuously through said lock (31) in order firstly to balance the pressures between the two enclosures and secondly to allow neutralization of the incoming product, in particular by injection of nitrogen or equilibrium pressure prior to opening the inner door of the

sas, or other.

  Similarly, at the outlet (27) of the thermolysis chamber, there is another lock (32) also sealingly connecting the thermolysis chamber and the means of

  solids recovery (3).

  The purpose of this second chamber (32) is similar to the first with regard to the evacuation of solids

from thermolysis.

  However, during the thermolysis phase, the waste is stirred inside the chamber (21) of the reactor by the rotor (23-25) is further defined by the blades (24), a movement of advance (26) of the contained material

  in the chamber (2) from its inlet (8) to its outlet (27).

  Throughout the thermolysis, according to the process of the present invention, the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis reaction are recovered and treated in closed circuits (33) with respect to the atmosphere, such as in particular

illustrated in Figure 2.

  The closed circuit (33) substantially constitutes said means (4) for recovering the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis and are able to separate the fuel elements from the tars in the gaseous state, by washing the combustible gases,

  for further use in said method.

  More specifically, these means (4) are constituted by a closed circuit (33) comprising at least one device for circulating said gaseous products such as a mechanical extraction device (34), a separator (35) "gaseous element "gaseous tar fuel", of the spray type, a gas cleaning circuit (36) in which the droplets are separated from the gas prior to storage, and

  a circuit (37) for treating liquid effluents.

  At the outlet of the thermolysis reactor (2), taking into account the temperature at which the reaction is conducted, a mixture of the gaseous fuel elements and the gaseous tars is produced. These gases are evacuated under pressure or by sweeping the gas. In addition, some solid elements

  powdery ones can be trained too.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the principle of separation of the combustible gases and the tars at the outlet of the reactor is effected by means of a wet process using the separator (35) of the sprayer type generally known as the "quench". the water". In this separator, under the effect of the spraying at low temperature and against the current, the gaseous part is separated and the tars are condensed in the

lower part (38) of the separator.

  On the other hand, the gaseous elements, produced by the thermolysis reaction, escape from the top (39) of the separator, the extraction device (34) making it possible to overcome the pressure losses of the circuit. These gases are combustible and are then cleaned and stored in pressure tanks before being reused by

burner installation.

  With regard to the treatment of liquid effluents, condensed at the bottom (38) of the separator (35), it has two components, namely a phase

  aqueous and tars themselves.

  To separate these two elements, we operate by decantation given their very different density, by

  example respectively 0.99 and 0.77.

  This settling is carried out in the treatment circuit (37) in which the light phase is continuously collected by an oleophilic drum, then detached from the drum by means of a scraper which sends it into a small buffer capacity (40), heated by an internal coil, in order to lower

  the viscosity of the organic mixture.

  This mixture is then taken up by a gear pump and then stored in a tars storage tank (41)

  before being forwarded or processed.

  The heavy aqueous phase is taken up at the bottom of the settling basin (37) by a centrifugal pump (42) and then clarified on filters (43) intended to remove solid particles such as dust. The settling purge is then purified of any organic compound. by passage over activated charcoal (44) and then discharged into the basin

waste water.

  In addition, during the treatment of the liquid effluents, the washing liquid, used in the separator (35) of the spray type, is recycled, maintained at low temperature on the loop The inline neutralization of the chlorine contained in the gas circuit is made by injection of soda (45) into the water of the "Quench" The circuit is purged regularly

  to be sent to the settling basins (37).

  If the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis are taken continuously in the reactor core, according to the present invention, the solids resulting from the thermolysis are discharged gravitarily and sequentially. This evacuation is, it will be remembered, effected via the airlock ( 32) which makes it possible to maintain a controlled atmosphere inside the

reactor (2).

  As shown in particular in Figure 1, in the case of the described installation, the thermolysis chamber (2) and the recovery means (3) are superimposed, the latter being constituted in particular by a container (46) adapted under said airlock (32) Nevertheless, it might also be possible to

  lay them side by side with a conveyor lift between them.

  In this container (46) will be conducted a cooling phase of the solid residues from the thermolysis, such as carbon or inert, the latter being recovered from the bottom of the reactor (2) via the lock (32), in particular neutralized

by nitrogen injection.

  Advantageously used is a container (46), waterproof, sealed, double jacket, in which cold water is circulated to accelerate the

cooling of the product.

  As soon as the temperature inside the container (46) reaches approximately 500 C, it can then be opened without

  risk of explosion to recover the products it contains.

  Advantageously, a handling device with a magnetic drum will be used to remove the ferrous materials and a vibrating screen screen to isolate the inert parts of the carbons. All of these equipment will notably be provided under a sealed cover in order to limit the

  carbon dust and its expansion into the atmosphere.

  Moreover, as regards the supply of the installation of the present invention, at the level of the inlet (5) of the waste, this will be done by traditional means known in the field of

  treatment of urban and / or industrial waste.

  For example, urban waste is supplied in a main pit with a range of several days of operation, but without being

  exaggerated to minimize odors.

  In addition, the air volume above the storage is kept in depression by a set of

mechanical ventilation.

  An overhead crane equipped with a grapple will also be provided to transfer waste from the main pit to a hopper from which a set of carpets

  rollers will distribute the waste to a grinding assembly.

  On this transport chain, provision is made, for example, on the one hand for sorting out bulky objects and on the other hand for a scrapping assembly for plastic bags, in particular by means of a metal comb, located in a tunnel ensuring a first burst of the entire gross product. The waste thus prepared is then conveyed to a mill allowing the final physical transformation of the raw product before treatment. The grinding will make it possible to shred the household waste into sufficiently small elements so as to facilitate the drying technique described.

previously.

  Finally, a conveyor belt assembly resumes from the outlet of the mill the waste thus treated for storage in a hopper of such a capacity that it can continuously supply the drying chamber (1) of the present invention.

invention.

  The means of treatment of the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis that have just been described will in particular be adapted according to the conditions under which the thermolysis reaction is carried out, namely under atmospheric pressure or under C02 or under pressure sweep particularly for allow in the different processing circuits the

  circulation of the different products.

  Naturally, other implementations of the present invention within the reach of those skilled in the art could have been envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.

present invention.

Claims (13)

  1 Process for treating urban and / or industrial waste, by which the waste is subjected to a thermolysis reaction, characterized in that: the waste to be treated is previously dehydrated in a closed drying chamber (1) the gases (16) produced during the closed-circuit drying are recovered from the atmosphere, and these gases are subjected to a purification step (17, 12), said purified gases are at least partially reinjected (11). in the installation as drying agents and the   excess non-polluting gases to the outside.   2 Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that: the low temperature thermolysis reaction, of the order of 400 to 4500 C, is conducted in an isolated and controlled thermolysis chamber (2), the gaseous products resulting from the thermolysis reaction are recovered and treated in closed circuits (4, 33) with respect to the atmosphere, in which the combustible gaseous elements are separated from the tars in the gaseous state, and then stripped combustible gases for later use in said method.   3. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature in the thermolysis chamber (2) is established, indirectly with respect to the waste to be treated, by circulation of high temperature heating gas, these heating gases (30) are recovered, in a closed circuit with respect to the atmosphere, and these gases (30) are subjected to a purification step, at least partially said purified gases are reinjected into the installation as a drying (11) and evacuating the gases   excess non-polluting to the outside.   4. Treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste is dehydrated in a drying chamber (1), in which they are stirred and subjected to a hot air flow, such as that an advance movement (7) of the waste from the inlet (5) to the   outlet (8) of said drying chamber (1).   Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the dehydrated waste is introduced into a controlled and isolated thermolysis chamber (2) in which the thermolysis reaction is carried out in a controlled manner. at low temperature, the solids resulting from the thermolysis are discharged gravitarily and sequentially and the   gaseous products from thermolysis.   6. Process according to claim 5, characterized in that, during the thermolysis reaction, the waste is stirred in such a way that an advance movement (26) of the material contained in the process is defined. thermolysis chamber (2) from the inlet (8) to the outlet (27) of said bedroom.   7. The treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermolysis reaction is carried out under a purge of neutral gas for the reaction at a controlled pressure slightly above the pressure. atmospheric.   8 Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermolysis reaction is conducted in overpressure.   9 Installation for treatment of urban and / or industrial waste, suitable for carrying out a thermolysis reaction, designed for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least a drying chamber (1) for the waste to be treated, constituted by a closed chamber (9), means (12, 13, 47) for creating a hot air stream able to circulate in said drying chamber (9) means (48) for recovering the gaseous fluid resulting from the drying of the drying chamber (9), means (17, 13) for purifying said gaseous fluid resulting from drying. Treatment plant, according to claim 9, characterized in that the drying chamber (1) comprises inside the enclosure (9) a motorized drum (10), suitable for containing the waste drying and stirring them continuously, and creating a feed motion (7) for the waste from the inlet (5) to the outlet (8), said drum (10) being disposed in said air stream hot. 11 treatment plant, according to claim 10, character 6 ri S to e in that said drum (10) internally comprises blades (49) fixed thereto, and is disposed horizontally with its inclined axis of rotation to allow a moving (7) waste   from the inlet (5) to the outlet (8).   12 Treatment plant, according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises: a thermolysis chamber (2), controlled and isolated, constituted by a jacketed reactor having a primary enclosure (21), in which the waste is introduced, and a secondary heating chamber (22) capable of raising at least the temperature of the primary chamber (21) to carry out the thermolysis reaction, means (3, 4) for recovering the materials solids and recovery and treatment of gaseous products from thermolysis.  13 Treatment plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the drying chamber (1), the thermolysis chamber (2) and the recovery means (3) are superimposed and successively arranged in series such that a sequential gravitational continuous movement, waste and contained materials from the inlet (5) of the installation to its outlet (6) are allowed and which can be kept in each chamber (1, 2, 3 ) a functioning, an operation, a operating, a working   stable in temperature and / or pressure.   14 Treatment plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the thermolysis chamber comprises a motorized rotor (23) equipped with oriented vanes (24) provided inside said primary chamber (21). ), in order to allow the waste and / or solid material from the inlet (8) to move to the outlet (27) of the reactor.   Treatment plant according to claim 12, characterized in that it further comprises at least two lock chambers (31, 32), one (31) connecting the drying chamber (1) and the thermolysis chamber (2), the other (32) connecting the thermolysis chamber (2) and the solids recovery means (3) in order firstly to balance the pressures and secondly to allow a   neutralization of the incoming and outgoing product.   16 Treatment plant, according to claim 12, characterized in that the means (4) for recovering the gaseous products from the thermolysis are constituted by a closed circuit (33), comprising: circulation means ('34) of the said products   gas, a separator (35) "combustible gaseous elements -   spray-type gaseous tars, a gas cleaning circuit (36), a fuel treatment circuit (37), liquid effluents.   17 Treatment plant, according to claim 9, characterized in that said means for creating a hot air stream in said drying chamber and said means for purifying the gaseous fluid from drying are constituted substantially by a burner (13) whose flame reaches at least 8500 C and a blowing system (47), placed upstream of the burner, adapted to direct a gas flow towards the flame, the speed of which is such that said gases pass through the flame for at least two seconds.