FR2646510A1 - Probe making it possible to measure the photosynthetic activity of living organisms, comprising an oxygen electrode and an integrated optical fibre - Google Patents
Probe making it possible to measure the photosynthetic activity of living organisms, comprising an oxygen electrode and an integrated optical fibre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2646510A1 FR2646510A1 FR8905776A FR8905776A FR2646510A1 FR 2646510 A1 FR2646510 A1 FR 2646510A1 FR 8905776 A FR8905776 A FR 8905776A FR 8905776 A FR8905776 A FR 8905776A FR 2646510 A1 FR2646510 A1 FR 2646510A1
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- oxygen
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- optical fibre
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1806—Biological oxygen demand [BOD] or chemical oxygen demand [COD]
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne l'intégration d'une fibre optique à l'intérieur d'une électrode à oxygène. A l'extrémité de cette électrode sont immobilisés des organismes possédant une activité photosynthétique. The present invention relates to the integration of an optical fiber inside an oxygen electrode. At the end of this electrode are immobilized organisms with photosynthetic activity.
Ces organismes, en présence de lumière transportée par cette fibre optique, produisent une certaine quantité d'oxygène qui est détectée par 11 électrode collectrice. These organisms, in the presence of light transported by this optical fiber, produce a certain amount of oxygen which is detected by the collecting electrode.
La présente invention allie le domaine de la biologie à l'électrochimie et permet la détection de composés
toxiques. Ces composés perturbent l'activité physiologique des organismes et ces altérations se traduisent par des variations de production d'oxygène. Les organismes peuvent être utilisés en cultures pures ou mixtes selon le type de polluants à détecter.The present invention combines the field of biology with electrochemistry and allows the detection of compounds
toxic. These compounds disturb the physiological activity of organisms and these alterations result in variations in oxygen production. The organisms can be used in pure or mixed cultures depending on the type of pollutants to be detected.
Ce type de capteur biologique permet d'effectuer des mesures en temps réel, de mettre au point des contrôles de toxicité en continu et aussi de créer des systèmes d'alerte automatiques pour des rejets industriels en milieu aquatique. La présente invention permet de lutter
efficacement contre tout risque de pollution accidentelle par des rejets anormalement élevés.This type of biological sensor makes it possible to carry out measurements in real time, to develop continuous toxicity controls and also to create automatic alert systems for industrial discharges into the aquatic environment. The present invention makes it possible to fight
effectively against any risk of accidental pollution by abnormally high discharges.
Un tel type de capteur peut être implanté dans tout milieu aquatique (dulçaquicole ou marin) pour un suivi de la qualité des eaux. Such a type of sensor can be installed in any aquatic environment (freshwater or marine) for monitoring water quality.
L'électrode à oxygène est traditionnellement utilisé pour des mesures de quantité d'oxygène dissous dans les eaux. Ce type d'électrode comporte deux éléments principaux ; une cathode protégée par une membrane de
Téflon "marque déposée" maintenue à un potentiel très
réducteur réduisant l'oxygène présent dans le milieu ainsi qu'une anode métallique. Un potentiel est maintenu constant entre ces deux éléments.The oxygen electrode is traditionally used for measurements of the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. This type of electrode has two main elements; a cathode protected by a membrane of
Teflon "registered trademark" maintained at very high potential
reducer reducing the oxygen present in the medium as well as a metal anode. A potential is kept constant between these two elements.
Généralement les deux éléments sont intégrés en une seule sonde et baignent dans un solution de chlorure de
potassium concentré, permettant une conductivité électronique. Generally the two elements are integrated into a single probe and are immersed in a chloride solution.
concentrated potassium, allowing electronic conductivity.
L'électrode à oxygène est également appliquée à la
mesure de l'activité respiratoire des micro-organismes
ainsi qu'à une mesure de l'activité photosynthétique des
cellules algales. Mais ces mesures sur algues nécessitent
la mise en oeuvre d'une source lumineuse extérieure et
sont, de ce fait, essentiellement effectuées au
laboratoire.The oxygen electrode is also applied to the
measurement of respiratory activity of microorganisms
as well as a measure of the photosynthetic activity of
algal cells. But these measurements on algae require
the use of an external light source and
are therefore mainly carried out at
laboratory.
La présente invention permet de remédier à cet
inconvénient. L'intégration de la fibre optique rend -possible une miniaturisation du système et donc une
utilisation in situ.The present invention makes it possible to remedy this
disadvantage. The integration of the optical fiber makes possible a miniaturization of the system and therefore a
in situ use.
Dans le cas d'une détermination de rejets toxiques la
présente invention possède de nombreux avantages par
rapport aux tests classiques utilisés actuellement. Ces
tests sur micro-organismes restent inadaptés au contrôle
in situ car ils nécessitent un prélèvement de
l'échantillon ce qui n'est plus le cas pour le dispositif
proposé.In the case of a determination of toxic releases the
present invention has many advantages by
compared to the classic tests currently used. These
microorganism tests remain unsuitable for control
in situ because they require a sample of
the sample which is no longer the case for the device
offers.
La présente invention, dans le cas d'effluents
industriels non limpides est également utilisable car la
fibre optique intégrée rend le système indépendant de
toute altération du faisceau lumineux.The present invention, in the case of effluents
non-clear industrial sites is also usable because the
integrated optical fiber makes the system independent of
any alteration of the light beam.
L'inhibition de la quantité d'oxygène émise, lors de
pulsations lumineuses, au niveau de la sonde placée au
point de mesure est comparée à la réponse d'une sonde
identique témoin fonctionnant en parallèle dans un milieu
caractéristique et propre, avec lequel la réponse
biologique est maximale. Le signal est ampliflé et traité
à l'aide de moyens informatiques. La réponse enregistrée
intègre la réponse de la sonde témoin et de la sonde
test.The inhibition of the quantity of oxygen emitted, during
light pulses, at the level of the probe placed at the
measurement point is compared to the response of a probe
identical witness operating in parallel in a medium
characteristic and clean, with which the answer
biological is maximum. The signal is amplified and processed
using computer resources. The response recorded
integrates the response of the control probe and the probe
test.
La méthodologie permet de définir des seuils
d'inhibition révélateurs de seuils d'alerte à ne pas
dépasser.The methodology allows defining thresholds
of inhibition revealing warning thresholds not to
exceed.
La figure 1 représente le dispositif selon
l'invention. Il se caractérise par un apport de lumière au moyen d'une fibre optique (1) de diamètre variable couvrant tout le spectre des longueurs d'onde dans le visible (340-680nm).Figure 1 shows the device according to
the invention. It is characterized by an input of light by means of an optical fiber (1) of variable diameter covering the entire spectrum of wavelengths in the visible (340-680nm).
Cette fibre optique véhicule une source lumineuse, à
titre d'exemple non limitatif, d'une puissance comprise entre 0.1 et 2 watts.This optical fiber carries a light source,
by way of nonlimiting example, with a power of between 0.1 and 2 watts.
La fibre optique, à l'extrémité de l'électrode, est intimement liée par contact à un polymère transparent qui sert de diffuseur (2) du faisceau lumineux. Les organismes
photosynthétiques (3) sont immobilisés au niveau de ce diffuseur. Les procédés d'immobilisation peuvent être réalisés, par exemple, par fixation sur membrane ou par encapsulation.The optical fiber, at the end of the electrode, is intimately linked by contact with a transparent polymer which serves as a diffuser (2) of the light beam. The organisms
photosynthetics (3) are immobilized at the level of this diffuser. The immobilization processes can be carried out, for example, by fixing to a membrane or by encapsulation.
Cet élément incluant les organismes est aisément
interchangeable (4). Il est emboité ou vissé au niveau de la cathode (5) qui va réduire l'oxygène produite.This element including organisms is easily
interchangeable (4). It is fitted or screwed at the cathode (5) which will reduce the oxygen produced.
La cathode se compose dedifférents fils métalliques !6! inclus dans le diffuseur. Cette disposition permet d'obtenir une diffusion maximale de la lumière et de
capter une quantité maximale d'oxygène.The cathode is made up of different metal wires! 6! included in the diffuser. This arrangement allows maximum light diffusion and
capture a maximum amount of oxygen.
Ces cathodes métalliques sont protégées par une membrane sélective (7) ne laissant diffuser que l'oxygène. These metal cathodes are protected by a selective membrane (7) allowing only oxygen to diffuse.
L'anode (8) de structure métallique permet de maintenir le potentiel imposé. The anode (8) of metallic structure makes it possible to maintain the imposed potential.
L'anode et la cathode sont maintenues en contact électrique par une solution de chlorure de potassium (9). The anode and the cathode are kept in electrical contact by a potassium chloride solution (9).
L'invention est applicable industriellement
- Aux contrôles de qualité des eaux de surfaces
- Aux contrôles de qualité des effluents
- A la détection de seuil d'alerte
- Aux contrôles des systèmes d'épuration
- A la mise en évidence des contaminations des
nappes phréatiques
- Aux suivis des eaux potables.The invention is applicable industrially
- Surface water quality controls
- Quality control of effluents
- At alert threshold detection
- To controls of purification systems
- The identification of contamination of
groundwater
- Monitoring of drinking water.
L'ensemble des éléments composant l'électrode peut être intégré en une sonde unique ou en une double sonde la première correspondant à l'anode, la seconde comprenant la fibre optique, le diffuseur, la cathode et le matériel biologique. All the elements making up the electrode can be integrated into a single probe or into a double probe, the first corresponding to the anode, the second comprising the optical fiber, the diffuser, the cathode and the biological material.
La forme de l'électrode n'est pas fixe, elle peut être modelée en fonction d'applications précises. The shape of the electrode is not fixed, it can be shaped according to specific applications.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8905776A FR2646510B1 (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1989-04-26 | PROBE FOR MEASURING THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS COMPRISING AN OXYGEN ELECTRODE AND AN INTEGRATED OPTICAL FIBER |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8905776A FR2646510B1 (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1989-04-26 | PROBE FOR MEASURING THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS COMPRISING AN OXYGEN ELECTRODE AND AN INTEGRATED OPTICAL FIBER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2646510A1 true FR2646510A1 (en) | 1990-11-02 |
| FR2646510B1 FR2646510B1 (en) | 1994-06-10 |
Family
ID=9381319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8905776A Expired - Fee Related FR2646510B1 (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1989-04-26 | PROBE FOR MEASURING THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS COMPRISING AN OXYGEN ELECTRODE AND AN INTEGRATED OPTICAL FIBER |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2646510B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4332290C2 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 2001-09-06 | Inno Concept Gmbh | Device for measuring the photosynthetic activities of plants |
| EP1423500A1 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-02 | Vanderbilt University | Device and methods for detecting the response of a plurality of cells to at least one analyte of interest |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2207615A1 (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1973-08-30 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | METHOD FOR DETERMINING OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS OR CELLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE |
| GB1586291A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1981-03-18 | Ajinomoto Kk | Method for determining bod and apparatus for use therein |
| FR2597498A1 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-23 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS FOR THE RETENTION AND MAINTAINING OF THE ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS IN STRUCTURES CARRYING SAID ACTIVITY, RESULTING STRUCTURES AND THEIR ANALYTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS |
| US4789436A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1988-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method and apparatus for nondestructive in vivo measurement of photosynthesis |
-
1989
- 1989-04-26 FR FR8905776A patent/FR2646510B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2207615A1 (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1973-08-30 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | METHOD FOR DETERMINING OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS OR CELLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE |
| GB1586291A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1981-03-18 | Ajinomoto Kk | Method for determining bod and apparatus for use therein |
| FR2597498A1 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-23 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS FOR THE RETENTION AND MAINTAINING OF THE ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS IN STRUCTURES CARRYING SAID ACTIVITY, RESULTING STRUCTURES AND THEIR ANALYTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS |
| US4789436A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1988-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method and apparatus for nondestructive in vivo measurement of photosynthesis |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4332290C2 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 2001-09-06 | Inno Concept Gmbh | Device for measuring the photosynthetic activities of plants |
| EP1423500A1 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-02 | Vanderbilt University | Device and methods for detecting the response of a plurality of cells to at least one analyte of interest |
| EP1423500A4 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-07-16 | Univ Vanderbilt | DEVICE AND METHODS FOR DETECTING THE REACTION OF A PLURALITY OF CELLS TO AT LEAST ONE ANALYTE SUBSTANCE |
| US7704745B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2010-04-27 | Vanderbilt University | Apparatus and methods for monitoring the status of a metabolically active cell |
| US7713733B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2010-05-11 | Vanderbilt University | Device and methods for detecting the response of a plurality of cells to at least one analyte of interest |
| US7981649B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2011-07-19 | Vanderbilt University | Device and methods for monitoring the status of at least one cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2646510B1 (en) | 1994-06-10 |
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