FR2634275A1 - Oil cooler - Google Patents

Abstract

Oil cooler which comprises a casing in which a coolant medium, such as water, flows, and a set of elements housed in the said casing, which is composed of a certain number of hollow flat elements which are superposed and separated by gaps, through which the oil to be cooled is passed, characterised in that the said oil collector or collectors (manifold or manifolds) 41, 46 have on a part of their axial extension guide elements 60, 61 which are formed and/or directed such that the oil arriving through the collector (manifold) 41 at least partially reaches first the end region transversely adjacent to the flat elements 18, whilst the oil flowing from the flat elements 18 is directed, at least partially, to the end region transversely adjacent to the said hollow flat elements 18, and, from there, is directed towards the outlet collector (manifold) 46.

Description

The present invention relates to devices

  oil cooling and concerns more specific-

  an oil cooler of the type which includes a

  velope in which circulates a cooling agent, such as water, and which contains a bundle of tubes which is con-

  formed by a number of super hollow flat elements

  posed between which are provided intervals at the in-

  the top of the oil circulates to be cooled, said package of tubes containing at least one oil channel

  which crosses it and which communicates with the interior of the dif-

  ferent flat hollow elements and thus acts as a coll-

  oil reader and dispenser.

  In known oil coolers. of this kind (DE-OS 23 06 426), the oil, which is supplied by a supply line, for example, is introduced into the oil collector through a multiplicity of openings

  radials distributed in a circle. Beyond that, the oil wins the interior

  laughing at flat tubular elements; it follows that the regions of the ends of the various flat tubular elements are not sufficient. evenly sprayed with oil to be cooled and therefore the exchange surface

  of heat they present is not sufficiently exploited

  tee. We have oil coolers that have,

  at a certain transverse distance from the feed manifold

  mentation, a similar oil collector, which deflects the oil

  the and which also communicates with the interior of the elements

  flat tubular. Again, the end region of the elements

  tubular elements adjacent to the oil collector is not sufficiently watered by the oil to be cooled because it,

  tending to follow the path of least resistance, tending

  this to flow, by the shortest route, from the interior of the tubular elements into the oil drain manifold. Under these conditions, the oil does not circulate

  on tubular elements from a front surface to the

  tre and there are dead zones that do not participate

heat transfers.

  The present invention has set a goal to achieve an oil cooler as specified above which has a coefficient of heat transfer and

  in particular, an improved cooling coefficient.

  The invention achieves this object in a cooling device of the type specified in that, at least

  one of the oil collectors present, at least on one part

  tie of its axial extension, guide elements which

  are formed and / or oriented so that the oil which

  flow through said manifold is directed, at least in part, first to the end region of the flat hollow members transversely adjacent to said manifold or that the oil flowing from the flat hollow members is directed, at least

  partly, first to the adjacent trans- fective oil collector

  versally of the end region of these flat elements

  and, beyond, to the oil drainage channel.

  The invention offers the following advantages: The presence of the guide elements has the effect that the hollow elements are watered by the fluid to be cooled, that is to say, by oil, from a surface

  frontal to the other. The dead surfaces of the regions of ex-

  end of the tubular elements, which did not participate in heat transfer, are reduced to a minimum and are largely avoided. The fluid in front

  to be cooled is, moreover, diverted towards the regions defa-

  eaten up by traffic. This gives a distribution

  controlled increase in the circulation of the medium to be cooled

  and a uniform distribution of it over the entire

  heat exchange face, which results in an- aug-

  statement of the heat transfer coefficient. Inside

  pays, it becomes possible to ensure a transfer rate

  given heat, with an installation of reduced dimensions

  and with less equipment and therefore with a reduction

tion of its weight.

  Other features and advantages of the

  vention will emerge from the description which follows, in

  reference to the accompanying drawing, of which: FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an oil cooler according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II--: of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of an oil cooler according to another embodiment of the invention; and

  Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view

  larger scale tick of part of the packet of ele

  the hollow parts of the oil cooler in Figure 3.

  In Figure 1 is shown schematically

  an oil cooler 10, composed of flat elements

  perimeters, which includes an envelope 11 inside 12 of which can be introduced, through an entrance 13, a

  cooling, such as water, agent which crosses the es

  interior space to come out, at the other end, by a discharge 14. The envelope 1- is in two parts in the example shown and consists in Figure 1 of a

  base plate 15 and a cover 16, cup-shaped

  te, these two components being connected together so

waterproof, for example, by welding.

  Envelope 11 contains a package 17 of items

  hollow which consists of a number of tubu-

  flat areas 18 between which gaps are provided and which are welded to each other so as to form a bundle in the interior space 19 (isolated from the exterior)

  from which the oil to be cooled is circulated.

  The oil cooler shown in the example is simple and consists of six tubular or hollow flat elements 18 which thus together form six circulation spaces

  horizontal connected together for oil.

  The oil cooler 10 has two components.

  essentially identical fixing screws 20 and 20a and

  which have the function of securing the cooling

  sister to a structural element 21 of which only one of the walls 22 has been shown. The element 21 could, for example, be a motor, a gear, etc. The fixing or mounting element 20, 20a passes through the casing 11, as well as the pack of hollow elements 17 which is provided, at one of its ends, with a threaded part 23, 23a making it possible to fix the oil cooler 10 to the structure 21,

  the threaded part 23, 23a being relatively short and

  carrying an end portion which projects outside the casing 11, in particular, outside the bottom plate

  15. Each fixing element 20, 20a is pierced with a ca-

  nal 24, 24a which conducts the oil towards the end of the

  threaded tie 23, 23a and which opens to the structural element

ture 21.

  Each fixing element 20, 20a has a circular bulge 26, 26a which is located a short axial distance from the threaded part 23, 23a. When a fastener 20, 20a is screwed into a threaded hole

  , 30a of the wall 22, the bulge 26, 26a comes to

  bend against a fixed element 27, 27a, for example, welded,

  to the bottom plate 15, which has the effect of fixing the

  veloppe 11 and, leaving all the oil cooler 10,

  against wall 22. It would be superfluous to stretch more

  ge here on this universally known method of fixation. For more details, the reader is invited to refer to the

  parallel request P .........., which extends more there.

  Beyond the building element 21, the threaded hole 30, 30a mentioned is screwed into a guide tube 42, 42a. The tube 42, 42a communicates with the channel 24 or 24a of the fixing element 20 or 20a. The fixing element 20 comprises, at its opposite end, which is closed, a head 31. The fixing element 20 passes through a tubular oil collector 41, passing through the package 17

  of hollow elements 18, and which communicates with all the elements

  ments 18. The fastening element 20 is, mainly

  eg, like a partially hollow screw, the channel of which

  tieur communicates through radial openings 45 with the oil collector 41. Near the second fastening element 20a, placed on the right in Figure 1, the internal collector 24a is open at both ends. The end of this element of

  fixing 20a. opposite the threaded part 23a forms an element

  support 55 which can serve as a support for a filter

  53 of which only the outline has been sketched in dashes. The sup-

  port 55 has a cylindrical head 56 having a fi

  letter 57 onto which the filter 53 is screwed. The oil arriving from the structural element 21 is introduced, by

  the guide duct 42, in the manifold 41 and pass through

  stand inside each flat element 18 to gain the other

  tre oil collector 46, inside which extends

  the second fixing element 20a. Oil leaves this collection

  tor 46 in the direction of arrow 52 by one or more

  several orifices, not shown, located in the region

  of the cover 16 to gain the filter 53 from which it remains

  goes out against the tide, as indicated by arrow 54, through

  to the fixing element 20a and the guide duct

  42a, to return to the structural element 21.

  Each oil collector 41, 46 communicates with the interior 19 of the hollow flat elements 18 and fills

  thus the functions of collector and distributor of oil

  the. Each of the oil collectors has, at least over part of its axial extension, a guide element 60 or 61. This guide element is formed and / or oriented in such a way that the oil which arrives from the manifold 41 is directed towards the neighboring end region of the hollow flat elements 18 in the direction of the arrows 52. As a result, the region of the left ends (according to FIGS. 1 and 2) of all the flat elements 18 is sprayed with oil

  to be cooled which flows. We thus realize a dis-

  controlled distribution of hot oil and uniform distribution of it over the entire heat exchange surface of the cooler. This ensures a better heat exchange capacity and, in particular, a greater cooling power of the radiator 10, because any dead surfaces, which do not intervene because they are not sprayed by the hot oil, are reduced to a minimum if not completely eliminated. The presence of the guide element 60 makes it possible to direct the hot oil to the disadvantaged regions which would otherwise be only imperfectly supplied, in particular to the end regions of the various hollow flat elements 18. In these regions of end takes place, inside 19 of each flat element 18 a change of direction of the oil which then crosses the inside 19 thereof- transversely

  from left to right according to Figures i and 2.

  The guide element 61 mounted in the other neck-

  oil reader 46 is, like the guide element, formed and / or mounted in such a way that the oil which flows into this region from the various flat elements 18, is before - before leaving the collector 46 directed towards the region end close to the hollow flat elements 18, from which it will be oriented, as indicated by the arrows 63, towards the return collector 46. This gives the right end region, according to Figures 1 and 2 , of the pack of flat elements 17, the same results as those obtained in the region on the left, which have been described

upper.

  The two guide elements 60, 61 are presented

  tent like tubular elements 64 and 65 mounted respectively

  tively in the oil collectors 41 and 46. These elements

  tubular elements present along their axial extension

  the and of. their periphery oriented towards the regions of

  adjacent parts of the flat elements 18, that is to say, to the left

  che according to Figures 1 and 2, in the case of the tubular element

  area 64 and on the right for element '65, one or more openings 66, 67. The opening in question may have the form of a hole, a slot, a window, etc. This opening 66, 67 extends over a peripheral region not exceeding 180, for example, around the periphery of the tubular element 64 or 65 considered.

  In another embodiment, not shown

  tee, the tubular guide elements are at the same time

  used as mounting elements to fix the cooled--

  oil sump 10 on the structure 21. This may suffice when

  that the fastening element 20 on the left, according to FIGS. 1 and 2, also fulfills the functions of the guiding element 60. In this case, the section of the radial openings 45 is calculated and oriented so as to obtain the effect sought with the assistance of the guide element 60, that is to say,

  so that the oil which emerges from the collector 24 through the ori-

  radial fices 45 and which enters the collector 41 in

  the direction of the arrows 62 in FIGS. 1 and 2, that is to say

  to the left end region of the flat elements

hollow 18.

  Examination of Figures 1 and 2 shows that the elements

  tubular elements shown 64, 65 are presented as sleeves which are mounted in the oil collector

  matching 41 or 46 and garnish it. The diameter

  the outside of the tubular element 64 is dimensioned

  as the inside diameter of the oil collector 41 le-

  which is determined by the collar 68 connecting the hollow flat elements 18. Thus, the external surface of the wall of the collar 64 is applied in a practically sealed manner

  against collar 68. This results in cutting the com-

  munication between the oil collector 41, extending inside the tubular element 64, and the interior 19 of the flat elements 18 in the contact region. The right tubular element 65 is dimensioned just like the left one according to FIGS. 1 and 2, so that this one also applies, by the external surface of its wall.

  practically sealed against the collar 69.

  The sleeve-shaped tubular elements 64, 65 respectively have a slot-shaped opening 66, 67 extending over its entire axial length which

  has a sufficiently large width, in the peripheral direction

  that to ensure a minimum of hydrodynamic losses. Thus, for example, the opening formed by the axial slot 66 or 67 can extend over approximately 90 of the peripheral angular extent of the tubular element

considered 64 or 65.

  The tubular elements 64 and 65 are held in the desired guiding position by fitting and / or by complementary shapes in the corresponding oil collector 41 or 46 with the help of the elements of

fixing 20 and 20a.

  The tubular element 64 extends over practically the entire height of the pack 17 of flat elements and is held

  in position by means of the fastening element 20, for example

  ple, which can be achieved by cooperating elements

  with complementary shapes or by axial clamping, for example

  full. As a variant, the tubular element 64 could be a little shorter and, like the other tubular element, be held in the opening provided in the collar 68 or 69 by a radial clamping force. To this end, it suffices to widen the tubular elements 64 and 65 sufficiently so that the introduction into the openings of the collars

  68 and 69 are held by tightening in the intended position.

  After the package 17 of flat elements has been mounted on the bottom plate 15 of the envelope 11, the cover 16 is put in place and the resulting unit is welded, so

  that this operation simultaneously fixes the tubular elements

  laires 64 and 65, for example, by welding them. The tubular elements 64, 65 could, if necessary, be pierced with openings. In - the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the components corresponding to those of the first embodiment have been designated by

  same numerical references increased by 100 in order to avoid

  ter tedious descriptive repetitions.

  In the second embodiment, the two

  fasteners 120 and 120a are identical. The ele-

  guide elements 160 and 161 provided in the oil collectors 141 and 146 are, in the present case, part of the hollow flat elements 118. They are formed by sections

  wall 170 and 171 respectively belonging to the elements

  flat elements 118 in the region of the oil collector on the left 141 and on the right 171. By first considering in FIG. 3 the oil collector 141, which is preceded therein by the collar 168, it can be seen that the sections of wall 170

  are formed by the collars 168 connecting together the dif-

  ferent flat elements 118 and which constitute extensions

  axial bearings. The wall sections 170 thus formed

  are extended at both ends by suitable collars

  ximably annular 168. Considering the collector

  of oil 146, on the right in FIG. 3, formed by the col-

  lets 169, it can be seen that these collars 169, which connect the superimposed flat elements 118, have erect axial peripheral extensions which form the wall sections 171. These latter are connected at the two ends by steps to the remains of the annular collars 169. - The wall portions 170 obscure the left oil collector 141, according to FIG. 3, at least partially on the right and provide a guiding action similar to that of the tubular element 64 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The elements of wall 171 of the oil collector 146 on the right, according to FIG. 3, partition this one with respect to the interior 119 of the flat elements 118, at least, partially, so that these wall parts 171 have substantially the same effect that the right tubular element 65 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The advantage of the second embodiment

  is that the guide elements 160 and 161 are self-formed

  matically by parts of the hollow flat elements 118, and that no foreign component is necessary for this purpose.

  It has been found that in oil coolers

  10 and 110 of the type described, we could improve the coef-

  heat transfer efficiency, and in particular, the cooling efficiency, in proportions of between 10 and 15%, at least. With equal dimensions, a better heat transfer capacity is obtained and in particular,

  cooling or from another point of view, unless

  dre congestion, one can obtain a capacity of transfer

  given thermal power, in particular, a cooling power

  predetermined, with less material, which works

  reduced by the weight of the installation.

Claims (14)

CLAIMS R E V E N D I C A T I O N S   1 - Oil cooler which takes one   veloppe in which circulates a cooling medium, such as water, and a bundle of tubular or hollow elements housed in said envelope, which consists of a number of superimposed hollow flat elements separated by. intervals, in which the oil to be cooled is passed, said package being traversed by, at least,   an oil collector which communicates with the interior of the   said hollow flat elements and acts as a collector   and oil distributor, characterized in that the-   said or said oil collectors (41, 46; 141, 146) pre-   feel parts of their axial extension of the elements   guides (60, 61; 160, 161) which are formed and / or orient-   tees in such a way that the oil which arrives through the collec-   teur (41, 141) gains, at least in part, from abcrd the transversely adjacent end region of the flat elements (18, 118), while the oil flowing from the elements   dishes (18; 118) points, at least in part, towards the   transverse adjacent end gicn of said elements   hollow dishes (18; 118) and, from there, is directed to the col- output reader (46; 146).   2 - Oil cooler according to claim i, characterized in that the guide elements (60, 61; 160, 161) are tubular elements (64, 65; 170, 171) housed inside the manifold matching oil (41, 46; 141, 146).   - 3 - Oil cooler according to claim 2, characterized in that the tubular elements (64, 65; 164, 165) have along their axial extension and   of their peripheral region, turned towards the region of ex-   corresponding end of the corresponding hollow flat elements   dants (18; 118), one or more openings (66, 67).   4 - Oil cooler according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the openings (66, 67) are constituted by cutouts in the form of windows, by 2 -34275   holes, slots, etc. made in the tubular element   corresponding area (64, 65; 170, 171).    - Oil cooler according to claim   3 or 4, characterized in that the openings (66, 67) extend   tooth on a peripheral region of the tubular elements   (64, 65; 170, 171) not exceeding about 180.   6 - Oil cooler according to any one   as claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the   tubular elements (20, 20a; 120, 120a) serve at the same time to fix the oil cooler (10; 110) to a structure or a building element (21, 121), and   are in particular in the form of hollow screws   for the two-way circulation of oil.   7 - Oil cooler according to any one   as claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the   tubular elements (64, 65) present the form of man-   chons which are mounted in the oil collectors (41, 46) and serve to line these.   8 - Oil cooler according to any one   as claims 2 to 5 or 7, characterized in that   the tubular elements (64, 65) and ncta = ent the walls   tubular sleeves, apply, ma-   essentially sealed against the collars (68, 69) connecting together flat elements (18), interrupting, in this region, the communication between the oil collector (41, 46), extending inside the 'tubular element. (64, 65), and inside (19) of the flat element (18) corresponding.   - 9 - Oil cooler according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the tubular elements (64,   ) and in particular, the sleeves have an opening   ture (66, 67) constituted by an axial slot and / or openings of the wall extending over their entire axial dimension. 10 - Oil cooler according to claim   9, characterized in that the axial slot extends substantially-   lying on an anal of around 90 around the element   tubular (64, 65), and in particular, of the sleeve.   ll! - Oil cooler according to any one   as claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the   tubular elements and, in particular, the sleeves are   held in their guiding position by tightening,   ment and / or complementarity of shapes with respect to the axis   center of the corresponding oil collector (41, 46).   12 - Oil cooler according to any one   as in claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the   tubular elements and, in particular, the sleeves extend over the entire height of the package of flat elements (17) and are held in their guide position by means of elements fixing (20, 20a).   13 - Cooler according to claim 12, characterized in that the tubular elements (64, 65) and,   in particular, the sleeves are tightened by means of the fixing elements.   14: - Chiller according to any one of   claims to 13, characterizes er. what inside   of the oil inlet manifold (41) is mounted an element   tubular ment (64), in particular a sleeve whose axial slot   the extends over the end region of the element face   tubular (64) of the single flat element (18) through which it passes.   15 - Chiller according to any one of   Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, inside   an oil drain manifold (46) is mounted   tubular ment (65), in particular a sleeve whose slot   axial extends over the face of the tubular element (65)   born towards the single flat element (18) crossed by said element tubular (65).   16 - Oil cooler according to any one   as claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the   guide elements (160, 161) and, in particular the elements   tubular elements are part of the flat elements (118).   17 - Oil cooler according to the claim   tion 16, characterized in that the guide elements (160, 16i) are formed by wall parts (170, 171) forming   integral part of the flat elements (118).   18 - Oil cooler according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the tubular collars   (168, 169) which connect the individual flat elements together   superimposed duels (118) comprises, at least, a peri   spherical erect and extended axially and forming the wall elements (170, 171).   19 - Oil cooler according to the claim   tion 17 or 18, characterized in that the wall elements   (170, 171) have a circular extension of about 270 years gle.