FR2625531A1

FR2625531A1 - Internal combustion engine and pivoting cylinders

Info

Publication number: FR2625531A1
Application number: FR8800047A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-01-05
Filing date: 1988-01-05
Publication date: 1989-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2008-01-05
Also published as: FR2625531B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine device in which each cylinder has the capability of pivoting laterally about a shaft carried by bearings secured to the engine block. The piston of each cylinder is directly coupled to its crankshaft crank pin with the aid of a shaft sliding in an intermediate ring between these two members, the ring being centred at the bottom of the cylinder and secured to it. The crankshaft is carried by bearings secured to the engine block so that its axis of rotation is parallel to the axis of pivoting of the cylinder or cylinders. The sliding of a piston in a cylinder and the rotation of the crankshaft are thus trigonometrically connected and the resultant of their movements forces the lateral pivoting of the cylinder. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for vehicles using internal combustion engines.

Description

Tous les moteurs à combustion interne ont une structure de fabrication qui fige, dans un agencement mécanique monobloc rigide, l'implantation technologique de leurs cylindres et vilebrequins. En conséquence, le coulissement d'un piston dans un cylindre et la rotation d'un vilebrequin passent, obligatoirement, par l'intermédiaire de l'articulation, à deux rotules, d'une bielle. All internal combustion engines have a manufacturing structure which freezes, in a rigid one-piece mechanical arrangement, the technological layout of their cylinders and crankshafts. Consequently, the sliding of a piston in a cylinder and the rotation of a crankshaft necessarily pass through the articulation, with two ball joints, of a connecting rod.

Cette conception de translation d'un mouvement linéaire en mouvement circulaire, et inversement, induit une perte de performance du couple moteur recherché, et engendre de multiples inconvénients techniques, tels que l'usure constatée d'ovalisation des cylindres et des segments de pistons. This design of translating a linear movement into a circular movement, and vice versa, induces a loss of performance of the desired engine torque, and generates multiple technical drawbacks, such as the observed wear of ovalization of the cylinders and piston rings.

L'objet de laprésente invention consiste à éliminer ces bielles intermediai- res, en créant une articulation mécanique autonome de chaque cylindre (1) autour d'un arbre (3), et en couplant directement piston (5) et maneton (6) de coude (7) de vilebrequin (4) associés, à l'aide d'un arbre (8), pouvant coulisser dans une bague (9) interposée, centrée au bas du cylindre et solidaire de celui-ci. The object of the present invention is to eliminate these intermediate rods, by creating an autonomous mechanical articulation of each cylinder (1) around a shaft (3), and by directly coupling the piston (5) and crankpin (6) of elbow (7) associated crankshaft (4), using a shaft (8), which can slide in an interposed ring (9), centered at the bottom of the cylinder and integral with it.

L'arbre (3) - ou autant d'arbres (3) que nécessaires si les cylindres ne sont montés en ligne - et l'arbre (4) de rotation du vilebrequin sont portés par des paliers solidaires du bloc-moteur, de sorte que leurs axes de centrage (10) et (11) soient parallèles. The shaft (3) - or as many shafts (3) as necessary if the cylinders are not mounted in line - and the crankshaft (4) for rotation of the crankshaft are carried by bearings integral with the engine block, so that their centering axes (10) and (11) are parallel.

Chaque cylindre (1) possède sa propre culasse (2), équipée de dispositifs classiques d'admission et d'échappement des gaz, d'allumage, de lubrification, de refroidissement. Each cylinder (1) has its own cylinder head (2), equipped with conventional gas intake and exhaust, ignition, lubrication, cooling devices.

Selon une forme de réalisation préférentielle, l'arbre (3) est imbriqué dans la culasse (2). Selon une variante, l'arbre (3) peut etre déporté sur un flanc du cylindre (1). According to a preferred embodiment, the shaft (3) is nested in the cylinder head (2). Alternatively, the shaft (3) can be offset on a side of the cylinder (1).

L'on voit, alors, que, lorsque le piston (5) est à son Point Fiort Haut (FIG.1), son coude (7) de vilebrequin est au plus près de la bague de centrage (9), et l'axe longitudinal du cylindre se confond avec l'axe du piston (5) et l'axe de l'arbre (8). It can be seen, then, that when the piston (5) is at its Top Fiort Point (FIG. 1), its crankshaft elbow (7) is as close as possible to the centering ring (9), and the longitudinal axis of the cylinder merges with the axis of the piston (5) and the axis of the shaft (8).

Lorsque le piston entas et poursuit sa descente vers son Point Mort Bas, ou lorsque le vilebrequin est entrainé dans un mouvement de rotation de O à 180 de grés, supposé dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre sur la Etc.2, l'arbre (8), coulissant dans la bague (9), impose au cylindre (1) un pivotement latéral,^astour de son arbre (3), d'un angle variable en fonction des relations trigonométriques, dépendantes du couplage mécanique strict pistonXmaneton de vilebrequin du moment. When the piston starts and continues its descent to its bottom dead center, or when the crankshaft is driven in a rotational movement from 0 to 180 of sandstone, assumed in a clockwise direction on Etc. 2, the shaft (8), sliding in the ring (9), imposes on the cylinder (1) a lateral pivoting, ^ around its shaft (3), of a variable angle depending on the trigonometric relationships, dependent on the strict mechanical coupling of the piston crankshaft of the moment.

Lorsque le piston atteint son Point Mort Bas (FIC.3), son coude (7) de vilebrequin est au plus loin de la bague de centrage (9), et l'axe longitudinal du cylindre se confond, à nouveau, avec l'axe du piston (5) et l'axe de l'arbre (8). When the piston reaches its bottom dead center (FIC.3), its crankshaft bend (7) is at the furthest from the centering ring (9), and the longitudinal axis of the cylinder merges, again, with the axis of the piston (5) and the axis of the shaft (8).

Lorsque le piston entame et poursuit sa remontée vers son Point hort Haut, ou lorsque le vilebrequin est entrainé dans un mouvement de rotation de 180 à 360 degrés, toujours supposé dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre sur la FIG.4, l'arbre (8), coulissant dans la bague (9), impose au cylindre (1) un pivotement latéral, opposé au précédent, autour de son arbre (3), d'un angle variable en fonction des relations trigonométriques dépendantes du couplage mécanique strict piston/maneton de vilebrequin du moment. When the piston starts and continues its ascent towards its High hort point, or when the crankshaft is driven in a rotational movement of 180 to 360 degrees, always assumed in a clockwise direction in FIG. 4, the shaft (8), sliding in the ring (9), imposes on the cylinder (1) a lateral pivoting, opposite to the previous one, around its shaft (3), of a variable angle as a function of the trigonometric relationships dependent on the strict mechanical coupling piston / crankshaft pin of the moment.

Lorsque le piston retrouve sa position de ?oint mort Haut (FIG.1), le cycle des mouvements décrits ci-dessus se reproduit, chacun d'eux pouvant avoir des fonctions d'aspiration, de compression, d'explosion et d'échappement des gaz de combustion moteurs. When the piston returns to its top dead anointed position (FIG. 1), the cycle of the movements described above is reproduced, each of which can have functions of suction, compression, explosion and exhaust. engine combustion gases.

L'attelage direct piston/maneton de vilebrequin ainsi conçu, avec guidage d'une bague intermédiaire (9) entre ces deux organes et sans bielle de translation d'un mouvement linéaire en mouvement circulaire, développe un couple maximum moteur, quelques soient les positions relatives, dans le temps d'un cycle, de leur équation trigonométrique. The direct coupling of the crankshaft piston / crankpin thus designed, with guidance of an intermediate ring (9) between these two members and without a connecting rod for translating a linear movement into a circular movement, develops a maximum engine torque, whatever the positions. relative, in the time of a cycle, of their trigonometric equation.

Des ailettes (13), judicieusement appliquées contre les parois extérieures du cylindre (1) favorisent, par turbulence d'air, son refroidissement dans le mouvement de pivotement alternatif qui lui est imposé en cours de fonctionnement. Fins (13), judiciously applied against the external walls of the cylinder (1) favor, by air turbulence, its cooling in the reciprocating pivoting movement which is imposed on it during operation.

Une jupe (15j, moulée en forme de soufflets d'accordéon dans un matériau extensible résistant à la chaleur, lie, hermétiquement, le bas du cylindre (1) au carter (14) d'huile du moteur. Cette jupe (15) contribue, d'une part, à enfermer, entre ces deux organes (1) et (14), le volume et la mouvance de l'huile utilisée, d'autre part, à amortir, par son élasticité à la compression dans un sens de pivotement du cylindre et à sa résistance à la traction dans le sens opposé, les vibrations engendrées par le pivotement alternatif du cylindre. A skirt (15j, molded in the form of accordion bellows in an extensible heat-resistant material, hermetically links the bottom of the cylinder (1) to the engine oil sump (14). This skirt (15) contributes , on the one hand, to enclose, between these two bodies (1) and (14), the volume and the movement of the oil used, on the other hand, to dampen, by its elasticity to compression in a direction of pivoting of the cylinder and its tensile strength in the opposite direction, the vibrations generated by the alternating pivoting of the cylinder.

Des lumières (12), ouvertes au bas du cylindre (1), permettent une libre circulation d'huile de lubrification des organes en mouvement, et le retour, au carter (14), de l'huile raclée par les segments du piston (5). Lights (12), open at the bottom of the cylinder (1), allow a free circulation of lubricating oil in the moving parts, and the return, to the casing (14), of the oil scraped by the piston rings ( 5).

Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement déstiné aux engins utilisant des moteurs à combustion interne. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for vehicles using internal combustion engines.

Claims

1) Internal combustion engine device characterized in that each of the cylinders (1) can be articulated laterally, independently of the others, around a shaft (3) - or as many shafts (3) as necessary if the cylinders are not mounted in line - carried by bearings integral with the engine block.

2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the crankshaft (4) is carried by bearings integral with the engine block, so that its axis of rotation (11) is parallel to the axis - or to the axes - (10 ) of the shaft - or of the shafts (3> for pivoting cylinders.

3) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each piston (5j is directly coupled to its crank pin (6) of elbow (7) of crankshaft (4), without intermediate rod, using a shaft (8), which can slide in an interposed ring (9), centered at the bottom of the cylinder (1) and integral with the latter.

4) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cylinder (1) has its own cylinder head (2), equipped with conventional devices for gas intake and exhaust, for ignition, for lubrication, for cooling, in which the axis (D) can find a nesting of rotation, unless this is offset on a side of the cylinder.

5) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that any longitudinal linear movement of the piston (5) inside the cylinder (1) forces, by means of the shaft (8) sliding in the ring. (9), the rotation of the crankshaft (4), by imposing a lateral pivoting of the cylin dr (1) around its shaft (3), of a variable angle according to the trigonoietric relationships of the strict mechanical coupling piston / crankshaft crankpin from the moment.

6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that any rotational movement of the crankshaft (4) forces, by means of the shaft (8), sliding in the ring (9), a translational movement longitudinal linear of the piston (5) inside the cylinder (1), by imposing a lateral pivoting of the latter around its shaft (3), of a variable angle depending on the trigonometric relationships of the strict mechanical coupling piston / crankpin crankshaft of the moment.

7) A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fins (13) promote, by air turbulence, at the level of the external walls of the cylinder, its cooling in the alternating pivoting movement which is imposed on it during of its operation.

8) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a skirt (15), molded in the form of accordion bellows in an extensible material resistant to heat, hermetically binds the bottom of the cylinder (1) to the crankcase (14) of engine oil, this skirt (15) contributing, on the one hand, to enclose, between these two members (1) and (14), the volume and the movement of the oil used, on the other hand, to absorb, by its elasticity to compression in a direction of pivoting of the cylinder and to its tensile strength in the opposite direction, the vibrations generated by the alternating pivoting of the cylinder.

9) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lights (12), open at the bottom of the cylinder (1), allow a free circulation of lubrication of the moving members, and the return, to the casing (14) oil scraped by the piston rings (5).