FR2614339A1 - METHOD FOR INSTALLING RECTANGULAR SLABS ON A FACADE AND CLAMP HOOK FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PROCESS FOR LAYING RECTANGULAR SLABS ON A FACADE AS WELL AS A CLAW HOOK ALLOWING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS. PROCESS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT WE FIX ON THE CARRIING STRUCTURE A SUPPORT FRAME CONSTITUTED BY VERTICAL CHEVERS ARRANGED AT A PRE-DETERMINED DISTANCE FROM ONE OF THE OTHERS, THEN WE LAY THE SLABS DIRECTLY ON THIS FRAME, WITHOUT USING SLATS BY THE FRAME. INTERMEDIATE OF HOOKS WITH FIXED TO THE CHEVRONS AND LIKELY TO MAINTAIN THE SLABS BY THEIR HORIZONTAL SIDES OR RIVES AT THE LEVEL OF THEIR ANGLES AND IF APPLICABLE OF THEIR CENTRAL PART.

Description

26 1 4 339

  The present invention relates to a process for the laying of rectangular slabs on a floor. The present invention relates to a method for laying rectangular slabs on a facade as well as a claw hook allowing the implementation of this process. facade. In recent decades, and to "revive" the building industry, we sought to rationalize as much as possible the construction of buildings, especially single-family houses, in order to lower their price by one, and consequently make their acquisition

possible for a larger number.

  For this purpose, traditional stone facades

  more and more often replaced by

  crepis with questionable aesthetic qualities.

  To overcome this disadvantage, we have developed slabs for coatings whose appearance is closer to that of stone. These slabs, if they are satisfactory from the point of view of aesthetics and from the point of view of resistance to aging and weather, however require for their installation the implementation of relatively long and inconvenient processes requiring the establishment and fixing prerequisites on the supporting structure of a supporting framework consisting of rafters and battens. This need greatly increases the cost price

construction.

  The present invention proposes to remedy this drawback by proposing a method for laying rectangular slabs, side by side, without covering, on a facade, in particular a vertical facade, in a vertical arrangement.

  or horizontal with a vertical joint running or

  continuum, which can be implemented quickly and simply, requiring a manpower

small and not very specialized.

  This method is characterized in that a support structure constituted by vertical chevrons arranged at a predetermined distance from one another is fixed on the supporting structure, then the slabs are laid directly on this framework, without the use of battens, by the intermediary of claw hooks fixed to the rafters and likely to maintain the slabs by their horizontal sides or banks at their angles and. where applicable, of their part

Central.

  This method can, of course, be applied to the laying of different slabs, among which may be mentioned slabs made from a concrete aggregates siliceous and / or slate,

  of mineral dyes, polyester resins and

  necessary for the polymerisation.

  To allow the implementation of this method, it is necessary to choose the distance between the rafters according to the dimensions

  slabs to be laid; in the case of a greening

  tical of these (small side placed horizontally), these slabs are often maintained only by their corners and thus the distance between the rafters corresponds to their width; on the contrary, when it is the long sides of the slabs which are placed horizontally, it is generally necessary, for. to obtain a satisfactory stability, also to maintain the slabs at their central part, which requires a spacing between the rafters corresponding to the half length of the slabs (without taking into account the width of the joints). According to another characteristic of the invention, the support frame is fixed to the structure

  carrier by means of brackets arranged alternately

  natively on both sides of successive chevrons.

  These legs are generally metal elements at right angles; the presence of these elements is not mandatory, and the rafters can be attached directly to the supporting structure when their

thickness allows it.

  It is possible to envisage the installation of metal rafters, but, these are most often of wood: considering the absence of battens, they are always connected in alignment end-to-end, according to a straight or oblique joint which is always reinforced by two lateral cleats forming gusset. It is, of course, always necessary to avoid that the fixing of a claw hook coincides with the joint between two

consecutive chevrons.

  So that the construction obtained by the implementation of the method according to the invention is satisfactory, it is of course necessary to provide an element including thermal insulation panels between the slabs and the supporting structure: these panels can be placed in place either between the rafters constituting the support frame, or between this framework and the supporting structure, when the rafters are sufficiently spaced from this structure by the legs. It is also possible to lay insulating panels in two crossed layers, one of which

  is inserted between the supporting structure and the rafters.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, a protective strip, in particular a bituminous felt strip on the front face of the rafters, is placed over their entire height. This band can be fixed by any means, in particular staple

  nailing, and constitutes a protection of the rafters in -

  back of the various joints between the slabs

  always find of course at the rafters.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the fastening of the hooks with claws and the laying of the slabs with the bending, of bottom in

  high, and in successive horizontal rows of slabs.

  In accordance with the invention, therefore, a first row of claw hooks is started in order to maintain a row of slabs by their lower edge, and then the upper edge of this row of slabs is blocked by positioning the slats. another row of claw hooks and so on until

have covered the entire facade.

  Of course, according to the invention, it is possible to provide particular elements, for example cladding profiles consisting of steel or aluminum plates intended to be installed at the openings of the corners of the building or its walls.

roof.

  The invention also relates to a claw hook allowing the implementation of the method

described above.

  This hook is characterized in that it is constituted by a bracket including stainless steel, one of the branches or side branch is intended to be fixed on the cheeks of the rafters while the other branch or front branch to be fixed on the front face of the rafters is provided on one of its edges with at least one pair of jaws projecting outwards and directed so as to maintain the lower edge of a slab or two slabs

  neighbors on the same horizontal row.

  The two branches of the angle iron must, of course, be provided with means making it possible to fix them on the rafters; in the general case these

  are constituted by perforations.

  Tinees to cooperate with nails: it is expected most often two perforations on the side branch of the angle and a perforation on its front face; this nailing mode allows the use

  smooth nails working only in shear.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the claw hook comprises two pairs of claws respectively directed in direction.

  reverse so as to be able to maintain

  adjacent banks of slabs or pairs of slabs superimposed on two adjacent horizontal rows, the pairs of slabs consisting of

  two neighboring slabs on the same horizontal row

  tal. This configuration corresponds to the normal configuration of the claw hooks according to the invention; only the hooks for holding the slabs of the lower row are different,

  and have only one pair of claws.

  Moreover, as it has already been

  indicated above, the slabs are still

  on their corners, in some cases, in particular

  when the horizontal edges of the slabs correspond to

  lay on their long side, it is necessary to provide additional support on the central part of the slabs: each claw hook can

  therefore according to the case to maintain 2, 3, or 4 slabs.

2 6 1 4 3 3 9

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the claw hook comprises two support surfaces making

  protruding forward one side of the frontier branch

  tale, essentially perpendicular to it, on which come to rest the slabs to be placed on the facade, by their lower edge, and ending angularly at their end by legs bent inward constituting

claws.

  These claw hooks have, in fact, a confi-

  very simple and relatively cheap management; they can

  be made from sheet metal by

  cutting and stamping.

  According to another characteristic of the invention,

  each support surface carries two directed legs.

  each corresponding to one of the claws of two different pairs, the two claws of one of the pairs being

  arranged between the claws of the other pair.

  Claw hooks, usually made of stainless steel, can be tinted in the same color as slabs, making them virtually invisible to

  beyond a distance of a few meters.

  The characteristics of the method as well as the hook claws which are the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a diagram of implementation of the method according to the invention FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show different possibilities of placing the slabs; FIGS. 5 and 6 represent the two types of hooks;

with claws.

  According to FIG. 1, the method according to the invention aims at laying rectangular slabs 1 on a vertical supporting structure so as to obtain a finished surface having an appearance close to that of the stone

of size.

  According to the figure, for the laying of these slabs 1, we first set up wooden vertical rafters 3 at a predetermined distance from one of the

  others which will be defined in more detail below.

  In the case of Figure 1, the rafters 3 are fixed to the supporting structure 2 by metal brackets 4 in the form of brackets; this configuration is not limiting of the invention, and the chevrons may, in certain cases, be fixed

  directly on the supporting structure 2.

  The lateral cheeks 30 of the chevrons are left as they are while their axially facing faces 31 are covered, over their entire height, with a protective strip 5 made of bituminous felt; as will be described in more detail later in this presentation, the role of band 5 is to ensure the protection of rafters

when these are wooden.

  The assembly constituted by the rafters 3 constitutes a support frame allowing the laying of slabs 1: according to Figure 1, thermal insulation panels 6 are placed between this frame 3 and the supporting structure 2; it would also be possible, without departing from the scope of the invention, to also provide insulation elements between the

different rafters 3.

  The essential nature of this configuration

  ration lies in the possibility of laying the slabs 1 directly on the framework formed by the rafters 3,

  without having to provide additional battens.

  To achieve this installation, is fixed on the rafters 3 claw hooks 7 which will be described

in more detail below.

  According to the invention, the slabs preferably have a front face having an appearance close to the

  natural stone, and consist of rectangular

  Gles whose large side 10 is generally much greater than the small side 11. Without these dimensions being limiting of the invention, it can be noted by way of example the possibility of using slabs of thickness equal to 7.5 mm, of length equal to 6 & 0 mm, and of width equal to 560 or 470 mm. These dimensions correspond to the standard dimensions generally used in the field of construction. It is also possible in some cases,

  consider laying square tiles.

  According to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the hooks with claws 7 still hold the slabs 1 by their

  horizontal sides or shores. These shores can be

  staked either by the long side 10 or by the small

side 11 slabs 1.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the banks are constituted by the small sides 11 of the slabs 1. In this case, the claw hooks 7 which are fixed to the rafters 3 maintain the slabs only at their angles 9. The distance d between the rafters therefore corresponds to the size of the small side 11 of the slabs (without taking into account the width of the joints) and the joints 5 between the different slabs 1 are

  continuous along each rafter 3.

  In the configuration shown in Figures 3 and 4, the banks are constituted by the long sides 10 slabs 1. In this case, and to obtain better stiffness, it is better to maintain the slabs 1 not only at their corners 9, but also at their central portion 12. In such a configuration, it is therefore necessary that the distance between the claw hooks 7 corresponds to half the length of the large sides of the slabs 1, and, therefore, being Since these hooks are attached to the rafters 3, the latter must be distant from each other by a value d equal to half the length of the long sides 10 of the slabs 1. This type of assembly allows different configurations, namely the configuration shown in FIG. 3 in which the gasket 8 between the slabs is continuous or running over the entire height of the rafters 3 and the configuration shown in FIG. 4, in which the slabs 1 are offset on the different horizontal rows 13, and the joints 8 '

between these are discontinuous.

  According to Figures 5 and 6, there is

  makes two different steps of claw hooks 7, 7 '.

  According to Figure 6, the hook 7 'is intended to maintain the lower row 13 of slabs 1; it consists of a stainless steel bracket having a lateral branch 14 and a front branch 15. The side branch 15, intended to be fixed to the flange 30 of a chevron 3, is provided with two perforations 16 which can cooperate with fastening nails not shown by preventing any rotational movement. The front branch 15, intended to be fixed on the front face 31 of the rafters, is also provided with a perforation 17; the lower edge 16 of this branch is provided at each of its ends with claws 19 constituting a pair likely to

  maintain the lower edge 10 or 11 of a slab 1.

  The claw hook 7, shown in FIG. 5, which is intended to hold the slabs 1 on all the rows 13 other than the lower row, is also constituted by an angle whose side and front branches 14 and 15 carry respectively two orifices 16 and an orifice 17 for fixing the hook 7 on a chevron 3 of the frame; the front branch 15 carries, at its lower part, an extension intended to increase the stability of the device, and is provided on its lateral edges with a first pair of claws 19 intended to maintain the lower edge of the slabs 1, and, at the outside of these slabs 1, a second pair of claws 21 directed in the opposite direction of the claws 19 and intended to maintain the slabs 1 by

their upper bank.

  According to Figures 5 and 6, the claws 19 or 19 and 20 are constituted by a support surface 22 substantially perpendicular to the front branch, on which rest the lower banks of the slabs 1, and extending outwardly by tabs 23 bent inwards, and directed upwards in the case of the claws 19 and downwards in the case of the claws 21 to ensure the locking of

slabs once put in place.

  In the case of the hook claws 7, shown in Figure 5, the support surfaces 22 corresponding to each of the claws 19 and 21 form

  a continuous surface of o leave the legs 23.

  It is clear, referring to FIG. 1, that the claw hooks 7 'can maintain either the lower edge of a single slab 1 at its central portion, or the lower edge of two adjacent slabs 1

  on the same horizontal row 13 at their corners.

  Similarly, the claw hooks 7 maintain in the configuration shown in Figure 2 the banks of four adjacent slabs 1 at their corners, in the configuration shown in Figure 3, the banks of two slabs 1 superimposed by their part. central, or the banks of four adjacent slabs at their corners in two rows 13 superimposed, and in the configuration shown in Figure 3, three different slabs, one being maintained by the central portion of its bank while the two others, neighboring on the same row, are maintained at

from their corners.

  Given the configuration described above claw hooks 7 and 7 ', when one wants to ask slabs 1 according to Figure 1, after the establishment of the rafters 3 on the bearing structure 2, just set all first-the claw hooks 7 'side by side on the same horizontal row of the frame formed by the rafters 3, then to put on these hooks the lower rixes of a first row 13 of slabs 1 that we maintains on their upper edge by hooks 7 that are fixed progressively on the rafters. Then continue by placing a second row of slabs 1 on the hooks of the upper row and so on

  until the entire façade is paved.

  At the end of the process, we obtain a facade similar to the cut stone, in which only the ends of the claws 19, 21, that is to say the

  legs 23, remain externally visible.

  He also mentioned that the replacement of a damaged slab was possible

  independently of the adjacent slabs: it suffices to

  undermine the damaged slab, by destruction on site, then remove the two lower claws of the hooks arranged on its high bank to be able to press a new slab against the claws of the lower hooks. The new slab then only has to be fixed on the high bank by means of through screws

the rafters.

  It can be noted that the hooks 7 can,

  when one of the faces 30 of a chevron is not acces-

  sible (singular point for example) -be returned and nailed

on the other side 30 of the chevron.

  The perforation 17 can be doubled by another perforation in the plate 20, which avoids having to use on site two right and left models of

hooks 7.

Claims (7)

R E V E N D I C A T I 0 N S   1) Method for laying rectangular slabs   lair, side by side, without covering, on a facade, in particular a vertical facade in a vertical or horizontal disposition with a continuous or discontinuous vertical joint, characterized in that a support frame is fixed on the supporting structure (2) constituted by vertical chevrons (3) arranged at a predetermined distance (d) from each other, then the slabs (1) are laid directly on this framework (3), without the use of claws by means of claw hooks ( 7, 7 ') fixed to the rafters (3) and capable of holding the slabs by their horizontal sides (10, 11) or banks at their angles and where appropriate from their central part.   2) Process according to claim 1, characterized   in that the supporting framework (3) is fixed to the supporting structure (2) by means of fastening lugs (4) arranged alternately on either side of the rafters. successive.   3) Process according to any one of the claims   cations 1 and 2, characterized in that the rafters (3)   constituting the support frame are made of wood.   Process according to any one of the   cations 1 to 3, characterized in that thermal insulation panels (6) are placed between the rafters (3) constituting the supporting framework and / or between   frame (3) and the supporting structure (2).    Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a protective strip (5), in particular a felt felt strip, is placed on the front face (31) of the rafters (3). on any their height.   6) Process according to any one of the claims   1 to 5, characterized in that the fixing of the claw hooks (7, 7 ') and the laying of the slabs (1) are carried out from bottom to top and in rows.   successive horizontal slabs (1).   7) Claw hook for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it consists of   an angle (7, 7 '), especially of stainless steel, of which.   one of the branches (14) or side branch is intended.   to be fixed on the cheeks (30) of the rafters (3) while the other branch (15) or frontal branch, intended to be fixed on the front face (31) of the rafters (3), is provided on the one from its edges (18) at least one pair of claws (19) projecting outwards and directed so as to be able to maintain the lower edge (10, 11) of a slab (1) or two neighboring slabs on the same horizontal row.   8) hook claw according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises two pairs of claws (19, 21) respectively directed in the opposite direction of   in such a way that the adjacent shores can be   slabs (1) or pairs of slabs superimposed on two adjacent horizontal rows, the pairs of slabs being constituted by two adjacent slabs (1) on the same horizontal row.   9) hook claw according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises two support surfaces (22) projecting forwardly on either side of the front limb (15) substantially perpendicular to the latter on which the slabs (1) to be placed on the facade are supported by their lower edge and ending angularly at their end by tabs (23) bent inwards constituting the claws (7, 7 ').    Hook according to any one of the   cations 7 to 9, characterized in that each support surface 26 4339   (22) carries two tabs (23) directed in opposite directions and each corresponding to one of the claws (7) of two different pairs, the two claws of one of the pairs   being arranged between the claws of the other pair.