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FR2606886A1 - Variable-frequency resonator device - Google Patents

Variable-frequency resonator device Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2606886A1
FR2606886A1 FR7923036A FR7923036A FR2606886A1 FR 2606886 A1 FR2606886 A1 FR 2606886A1 FR 7923036 A FR7923036 A FR 7923036A FR 7923036 A FR7923036 A FR 7923036A FR 2606886 A1 FR2606886 A1 FR 2606886A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
resonator
acceleration
vibration
resonator device
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Granted
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FR7923036A
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French (fr)
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FR2606886B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Janiaud
Francois Deyzac
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Priority to FR7923036A priority Critical patent/FR2606886B1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/097Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by vibratory elements

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Resonator device comprising a small plate fitted with electrodes for its excitation, and with acceleration-coupling (seismic) masses for applying to the small plate the forces resulting from an acceleration to be measured. The small plate, whose overall shape is rectangular, has, in the stress-free condition, a curved cross-section in the shape of a gutter, which is free at its ends, and, electrically excited into a bending vibration parallel to its median longitudinal plane, it is held with point contact at its vibrational node points. This device can be used in particular as a component of an electrical oscillator intended to measure the acceleration to which an assembly carrying the said device is subjected.

Description

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif résonateur à fréquence variable, utilisable notamment en tant que compo- sant d'un oscillateur électrique destiné la mesure de l'accélération à laquelle est soumis un ensemble portant ledit dispositif. The subject of the invention is a resonator device with variable frequency, usable in particular as a component of an electric oscillator intended for measuring the acceleration to which an assembly carrying said device is subjected.

Dans le domaine spatial il est quelquefois souhaite pouvoir mesurer une avcél6ration avec une precision extreme. In the space domain it is sometimes desired to be able to measure an acceleration with extreme precision.

On a proposé d'utiliser à cet effet des accéléromètres ccmprenant un oscillateur électrique dont la fréquence est contrôlée par un résonateur en quartz soumis à l'action d'au moins une masse sismique. It has been proposed to use for this purpose accelerometers including an electric oscillator whose frequency is controlled by a quartz resonator subjected to the action of at least one seismic mass.

Dans un premier accéléromètre de ce type, le résona- teur est constitué par un disque en quartz vibrant en cisaillement d'épaisseur et conformé de maniere que l'énergie de vibration soit localisée au centre du disque, la masse sismique exerçant sur la tranche du disque une compression ou une traction suivant une ligne diametrale du cristal. In a first accelerometer of this type, the resonator consists of a quartz disc vibrating in shear thickness and shaped so that the vibration energy is localized in the center of the disc, the seismic mass exerting on the edge of the disc compression or traction along a diametrical line of the crystal.

La qualite de la vibration, et en conséquence la precision de la mesure de frequence, est bonne, la fixation du cristal ntinterférant pas avec la vibration. The quality of the vibration, and consequently the precision of the frequency measurement, is good, the fixation of the crystal not interfering with the vibration.

Mais la variation relative maximale de frequence est limitée, par les caracteristiques mécaniques du cristal, à une valeur de l'ordre de
Dans un second accéromètre de ce type, on utilise comme partie vibrante une poutre en quartz encastree à chaque extrémité et vibrant en flexion, la masse sismique creant des forces de compression ou de traction sur les encastrements de la poutre. Si la variation relative maximale de frequence est nettement supérieure à celle du dispositif précédent, les pertes d'energie dues aux encastrements de la poutre ont pour conséquence une qualite relativement méciocre de la vibration.
However, the maximum relative frequency variation is limited, by the mechanical characteristics of the crystal, to a value of the order of
In a second accelerometer of this type, a quartz beam encased at each end and vibrating in flexion is used as the vibrating part, the seismic mass creating compression or traction forces on the beams. If the maximum relative frequency variation is significantly greater than that of the previous device, the energy losses due to the embedding of the beam have a relatively poor quality of the vibration.

Le dispositif résonatur selon l'invention cumule les avantages des deux dispositifs précédents et présente simultanement une bonne qualité de vibration et une variation relative maximale de sa fréquence de résonane importante. The resonator device according to the invention combines the advantages of the two previous devices and simultaneously has good quality of vibration and a maximum relative variation in its significant resonant frequency.

Selon l'invention, l'élément vibrant du résonateur est constitué par une plaquette incurvee, sensiblement en forme de gouttiere, et excitée électriquement de manière à vibrer en flexion parallelement au plan median diametral de la gout tiere, ladite plaquette etant maintenue en des noeuds de vibration. According to the invention, the vibrating element of the resonator is constituted by a curved plate, substantially in the form of a gutter, and electrically excited so as to vibrate in bending parallel to the median diametral plane of the gout, said plate being held in knots vibration.

Les moyens d'excitation electrique sont choisis en fonction de la nature du materiau constituant la plaquette. The electrical excitation means are chosen according to the nature of the material constituting the wafer.

Pour une plaquette incurvee en quartz on utilise une excitation piezo-electrique, tandis que pour une plaquette metallique on adopte, par exemple, une excitation electrostatique ou electromagnetique. For a curved quartz plate we use a piezoelectric excitation, while for a metal plate we adopt, for example, an electrostatic or electromagnetic excitation.

Selon l'invention egalement, l'effet de l'accélération est transmis à la plaque par une ou des masses sismiques exerant leur action en des noeuds de vibration. L'invention tire parti du fait que, d'une part, la poutre est libre, ce qui assure une bonne qualite de la vibration et que, d'autre part, l'action d'une masse sismique assure.a la plaque une deformation qui entraine une grande variation de la frequence de resonance. According to the invention also, the effect of the acceleration is transmitted to the plate by one or more seismic masses exerting their action in vibration nodes. The invention takes advantage of the fact that, on the one hand, the beam is free, which ensures good quality of the vibration and that, on the other hand, the action of a seismic mass provides the plate with a deformation which causes a large variation in the resonance frequency.

Dans la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple, on se refere aux dessins annexes dans lesquels
la figure 1 est une vue de face d'une plaque constitutive du résonateur
la figure 2 en est une vue par la tranche
la figure 3 est une vue perspective d'une poutre plane;
la figure 4 est une vue perspective d'une poutre in curvee
la figure 5 est une vue en plan du résonateur ::
la figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 6-6 de la figure 5
la figure 7 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 7-7 de la figure 5
la figure 8 est une vue perspective du dispositif equipe de ses masses sismiques
la figure 9 est une vue schematique d'une plaque en vibration
la figure 10.1 est une vue schematique en coupe transversale du dispositif montre sur la figure 8, en l'absence d'acceleration ;
la figure 10.2 est une vue analogue à la figure 10.1 mais pour une acceleration dirigee dans un sens determine
la figure 10.3 est une vue analogue à la figure 10.2 mais pour une acceleration dirigee dans le sens inverse de cette derniere.
In the following description, given by way of example, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a front view of a constituent plate of the resonator
Figure 2 is a view by the edge
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a planar beam;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a beam in curve
Figure 5 is a plan view of the resonator:
Figure 6 is a sectional view along line 6-6 of Figure 5
Figure 7 is a sectional view along line 7-7 of Figure 5
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the device equipped with its seismic masses
Figure 9 is a schematic view of a vibrating plate
Figure 10.1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device shown in Figure 8, in the absence of acceleration;
figure 10.2 is a view similar to figure 10.1 but for an acceleration directed in a determined direction
Figure 10.3 is a view similar to Figure 10.2 but for an acceleration directed in the opposite direction of the latter.

Le resonateur à frequence de resonance variable comprend une plaquette incurvee 21 (figures 1 et 2) avantageusement en cristal piezo-electrique, de forme generale rectangulaire, limitee par deux bords longitudinaux rectilignes 22 et 23 et deux bords transversaux courbes 24 et 25, la plaquette ayant ainsi une configuration en gouttiere. La plaquette est definie par deux surfaces cylindriques paralleles, à savoir une surface cylindrique externe 26 et une surface cylindrique interne 27, coaxiales, deux tranches longitudinales 28 et 29 et deux tranches transversales 24 et 25, planes. The resonator with variable resonance frequency comprises a curved plate 21 (FIGS. 1 and 2) advantageously in piezoelectric crystal, generally rectangular in shape, bounded by two straight longitudinal edges 22 and 23 and two curved transverse edges 24 and 25, the plate thus having a gutter configuration. The plate is defined by two parallel cylindrical surfaces, namely an external cylindrical surface 26 and an internal cylindrical surface 27, coaxial, two longitudinal sections 28 and 29 and two transverse sections 24 and 25, planar.

On determine un axe X3'X'3, perpendiculaire au plan longitudinal de symetrie x1-x2, et par rapport auquel le moment d'inertie d'une section transversale de la plaquette est minimal. Le plan x1-x3 ainsi defini coupe la surface cylindrique equidistante des surfaces 26 et 27 suivant des lignes dl et d2 et on determine sur lesdites lignes les points respectivement P3, P1 et P2, P4 qui sont à une distance des tranches, respectivement 24 et 25, egale à celle des points d'intersection des deformees en vibration, dans un sens et dans l'autre d'une poutre plane ayant la meme longueur L que la plaquette incurvee. An axis X3'X'3 is determined, perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry x1-x2, and with respect to which the moment of inertia of a cross section of the wafer is minimal. The plane x1-x3 thus defined intersects the equidistant cylindrical surface of the surfaces 26 and 27 along lines dl and d2 and the points P3, P1 and P2, P4 are respectively determined on said lines which are at a distance from the edges, respectively 24 and 25, equal to that of the points of intersection of the deformed in vibration, in one direction and in the other of a plane beam having the same length L as the curved plate.

On a trace sur la figure 3 representative de la poutre plane les directions x2 et x3 ainsi que la direction perpendiculaire aux precedentes, xl,qui constituent le triedre de référence de la plaquette des figures 1 et 2,et sur la figure 4 le meme triedre de reference, mais dans le cas de la plaquette incurvee. We trace on Figure 3 representative of the planar beam the directions x2 and x3 as well as the direction perpendicular to the previous ones, xl, which constitute the reference tryre of the plate of Figures 1 and 2, and in Figure 4 the same triedre of reference, but in the case of the curved plate.

Le maintien de la plaquette 21 se fait (fig. 6) par des aiguilles 311, 312, 313, 314 traversant ladite plaquette en les points P1, P2, P3, P4. The plate 21 is held (fig. 6) by needles 311, 312, 313, 314 passing through said plate at the points P1, P2, P3, P4.

Pour l'excitation, la face convexe 26 est revetue de deux électrodes 32 et 33 qui s'étendent sur toute la surface à l'exception d'une bande transversale moyenne 34 limitee par les bords en regard 35 et 36 desdites electrodes. La face interne ou concave 27 est de meme revetue de deux electrodes 37 et 38 qui s'etendent d'un bout à l'autre de ladite face à l'exception d'une partie mediane 39 limitee par les bords en regard 41, 42 desdites électrodes.  For excitation, the convex face 26 is coated with two electrodes 32 and 33 which extend over the entire surface with the exception of an average transverse strip 34 bounded by the facing edges 35 and 36 of said electrodes. The internal or concave face 27 is similarly coated with two electrodes 37 and 38 which extend from one end to the other of said face with the exception of a middle portion 39 bounded by the facing edges 41, 42 of said electrodes.

L'électrode 32 présente un dégagement circulaire 43 pour l'isoler électriquement de l'aiguille 313 et l'élec- trode 37 (fig. 7) presente un degagement circulaire 44 autour de l'extrémité 45 de l'aiguille 314. L'electrode 33 presente un degagement circulaire 46 pour l'isoler electriquement de l'aiguille 312 et l'électrode 38 presente un degagement circulaire 47 pour l'isoler de l'extremite 48 de l'aiguille 311. The electrode 32 has a circular clearance 43 to electrically isolate it from the needle 313 and the electrode 37 (FIG. 7) has a circular clearance 44 around the end 45 of the needle 314. The electrode 33 has a circular clearance 46 to electrically isolate it from the needle 312 and the electrode 38 has a circular clearance 47 to isolate it from the end 48 of the needle 311.

Les électrodes 32 et 38 sont reliees electriquement l'une à l'autre comme schematise par les conducteurs 51, 52 et il en est de meme des électrodes 33 et 37 comme schema tise par les conducteurs 53 et 54. Les conducteurs communs 55 et 56 mettent le resonateur en relation avec les autres composants de l'oscillateur et permettent l'application de la tension alternative d'excitation. The electrodes 32 and 38 are electrically connected to each other as shown by the conductors 51, 52 and the same is true of the electrodes 33 and 37 as shown by the conductors 53 and 54. The common conductors 55 and 56 put the resonator in relation with the other components of the oscillator and allow the application of the alternating excitation voltage.

Des aiguilles 311, 312, 313, 314 sont rigidement solidaires des masses sismiques, respectivement 611, 612, 613, 614 (fig. 8). Les masses sismiques sont fixees à l'extremite de lamelles souples, respectivement 621, 622, 623 et 624 qui, en l'absence d'accélération, sont perpendiculaires aux aiguilles. Les extremites opposees desdites lamelles sont encastrees dans des appuis, respectivement 631, 632, 633, 634. Needles 311, 312, 313, 314 are rigidly secured to the seismic masses, respectively 611, 612, 613, 614 (fig. 8). The seismic masses are fixed at the end of flexible strips, respectively 621, 622, 623 and 624 which, in the absence of acceleration, are perpendicular to the needles. The opposite ends of said strips are embedded in supports, respectively 631, 632, 633, 634.

Sous l'effet de l'excitation electrique, la plaquette 21 vibre en flexion comme schematise sur la figure 9 pour son mode fondamental entre une position moyenne montree en trait plein et deux positions extrémes montrees en traits pointilles, la vibration presentant deux lignes nodales transversales passant respectivement par les points P1, P2,
P3 et P4 avec lesquels coincident les extremites des aiguilles 31. Les lignes nodales delimitent ainsi sur la plaquette une partie centrale 64 et des parties laterales 65 et 66.
Under the effect of the electric excitation, the plate 21 vibrates in bending as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9 for its fundamental mode between a medium position shown in solid line and two extreme positions shown in dotted lines, the vibration presenting two transverse nodal lines passing respectively through points P1, P2,
P3 and P4 with which the ends of the needles 31 coincide. The nodal lines thus delimit on the plate a central part 64 and lateral parts 65 and 66.

Pour une acceleration comme montre sur la fleche fl de la figure 10.2, les masses sismiques 61 placees aux extrem tes des lamelles 62 sont sollicitees vers le haut ; elles sollicitent à leur tour la plaquette 21 et incurvent les lamelles 62. Les extremites des aiguilles 31 exercent sur la plaquette des couples comme schematise par les fleches f3 de la figure 10.2 ; ces couples augmentent l'incurvation de la plaquette 21 et ainsi sa raideur. La frequence de resonance de la plaquette en est augmentee, permettant ainsi la me sure de l'accélération, et son sens. For acceleration as shown in the arrow fl in Figure 10.2, the seismic masses 61 placed at the ends of the strips 62 are biased upwards; they in turn urge the wafer 21 and curve the slats 62. The ends of the needles 31 exert on the wafer couples as shown schematically by the arrows f3 in Figure 10.2; these couples increase the curvature of the wafer 21 and thus its stiffness. The resonance frequency of the wafer is increased, allowing the acceleration measurement and its direction.

Si, au contraire, l'accélération s'exerce vers le bas comme schématisé par la fleche f2 sur la figure 10.3, les extrémités des aiguilles 31 exercent sur la plaquette des couples comme montre par les fleches f4 qui diminuent son incurvation et la valeur du moment d'inertie et ainsi sa raideur. La frequence de résonance en est diminuee, la diminution etant une mesure de la valeur de l'accélération et de son sens. If, on the contrary, the acceleration is exerted downwards as shown diagrammatically by the arrow f2 in FIG. 10.3, the ends of the needles 31 exert on the plate couples as shown by the arrows f4 which reduce its curvature and the value of the moment of inertia and thus its stiffness. The resonant frequency is decreased, the decrease being a measure of the value of the acceleration and its direction.

Un tel resonateur, s'il est sensible à une acceleration parallele aux aiguilles, est au contraire tres peu sensible aux accélérations transversales, c'est-à-dire contenues dans le plan x1-x3.  Such a resonator, if it is sensitive to an acceleration parallel to the hands, is on the contrary very insensitive to transverse accelerations, that is to say contained in the plane x1-x3.

La taille de la plaquette dans un bloc de quartz se fait de maniere que l'on puisse exciter piezo-electriquement la vibration de flexion dans le plan xl-x2 Par exemple on taille la plaquette pour que les axes xl, x2, x3 coincident avec les axes de cristallographie X, Y et Z du cristal. The size of the plate in a block of quartz is made so that one can piezo-electrically excite the bending vibration in the plane xl-x2 For example one cuts the plate so that the axes xl, x2, x3 coincide with the X, Y and Z crystallography axes of the crystal.

La qualite de la vibration de la plaquette, ou poutre, est excellente et assure une bonne definition de l'enregistrement des variations de frequence. The quality of the vibration of the plate, or beam, is excellent and ensures a good definition of the recording of frequency variations.

Le montage des masses sismiques realise la transformation de l'effort en deformation avec un rendement eleve et ntanmoindrit pas la qualite intrinseque de la vibration. The mounting of the seismic masses realizes the transformation of the force into deformation with a high yield and does not reduce the intrinsic quality of the vibration.

Dans une variante, la plaquette incurvee est metallique et l'excitation est electrostatique ou electromagnetique.  In a variant, the curved plate is metallic and the excitation is electrostatic or electromagnetic.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif résonateur comprenant une plaquette équipée d'electrodes pour son excitation et de masses sismiques pour appliquer à la plaquette les forces resultant d'une acceleration à mesurer, caracterise en ce que la plaquette, de forme générale rectangulaire, est, en condition de non-contrainte, à section transversale incurvee, en forme de gouttiere, libre à ses extremites, et en ce que, excitee électriquement en une vibration à la flexion parallelement son plan longitudinal median, elle est maintenue ponctuellement en ses points nodaux de vibration. 1. Resonator device comprising a plate equipped with electrodes for its excitation and seismic masses to apply to the plate the forces resulting from an acceleration to be measured, characterized in that the plate, of generally rectangular shape, is, in condition of unconstrained, with curved cross-section, gutter-shaped, free at its ends, and in that, electrically excited in a vibration by bending parallel to its median longitudinal plane, it is kept punctually at its nodal points of vibration. 2. Dispositif résonateur selon la revendication 1, caracterise en ce qRe les masses sismiques exercent leur action sur les points nodaux de vibration. 2. Resonator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic masses exert their action on the nodal points of vibration. 3. Dispositif resonateur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caracterise en ce que la plaquette est maintenue en quatre points nodaux de vibration. 3. Resonator device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the wafer is maintained at four nodal vibration points. 4. Dispositif resonateur selon la revendication 3, caracterise en ce que la plaquette est maintenue par des aiguilles. 4. Resonator device according to claim 3, characterized in that the plate is held by needles. 5. Dispositif resonateur selon la revendication 4, caracterise en ce que l'action des masses sismiques sur la plaquette s'exerce par l'intermediaire desdites aiguilles. 5. Resonator device according to claim 4, characterized in that the action of the seismic masses on the wafer is exerted through said needles. 6. Dispositif resonateur selon la revendication 1, caracterise en ce que la plaquette est disposee pour que son axe transversal somit parallele à la direction de l'accéléra- tion à mesurer. 6. Resonator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wafer is arranged so that its transverse axis is parallel to the direction of the acceleration to be measured. 7. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caracterise en ce que chacune des masses sismiques est portee à l'extré- mite d'une lamelle élastique dont Itautre extremite est encastree. 7. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the seismic masses is carried at the end of an elastic strip whose other end is embedded. 8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caracterise en ce que la plaquette à section transversale incurvee est constituee en un materiau piezo-electrique. 8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plate with curved cross section is made of a piezoelectric material. 9. Plaquette entrant dans la constitution d'un réso- nateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8. 9. Plate used in the constitution of a resonator according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Oscillateur electrique comprenant en tant que réso- nateur un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8. 10. Electric oscillator comprising as resonator a device according to one of claims 1 to 8. 11. Accelerometre comprenant un oscillateur selon la revendication 10.  11. Accelerometer comprising an oscillator according to claim 10.
FR7923036A 1979-09-14 1979-09-14 VARIABLE FREQUENCY RESONATOR DEVICE Expired - Lifetime FR2606886B1 (en)

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FR2606886B1 FR2606886B1 (en) 1990-03-16

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0707212A3 (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-06-12 Murata Manufacturing Co Acceleration sensor
EP0764850A1 (en) * 1995-09-11 1997-03-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Acceleration sensor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3233466A (en) * 1963-06-24 1966-02-08 Bendix Corp Piezoelectric accelerometer
DE2025654B2 (en) * 1970-05-26 1971-08-12 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg ARRANGEMENT FOR THE LINEAR CONVERSION OF A MECHANICAL SIZE INTO A FREQUENCY

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3233466A (en) * 1963-06-24 1966-02-08 Bendix Corp Piezoelectric accelerometer
DE2025654B2 (en) * 1970-05-26 1971-08-12 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg ARRANGEMENT FOR THE LINEAR CONVERSION OF A MECHANICAL SIZE INTO A FREQUENCY

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0707212A3 (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-06-12 Murata Manufacturing Co Acceleration sensor
EP0764850A1 (en) * 1995-09-11 1997-03-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Acceleration sensor

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