FR2576938A1 - Method, which may be made industrial, for building foundations and substructures for constructions with a ground floor and one storey - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, which may be made industrial, for building substructures for housing constructions. The method comprises the positioning in the ground of piles 26 made of prestressed concrete or metal members having variable cross-sections, 25 to 250 cm<2>, and a shallow depth of 1 to 3 metres, by means of a tractor equipped with a driving jack and with a lightweight dynamic ram. According to the characteristics of the load-bearing ground, these piles are distributed under the structures carrying the construction, or are grouped together to form solid bodies. The pile heads are joined together by elements which are precast or cast on site in moulds, forming the load-bearing system of the construction 27.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of producing infrastructures in general and more particularly aims at the realization of foundations and industrializable infrastructures of constructions on the ground floor and up to a floor, comprising the elements of securing to the ground and the elements. structural elements above the foundations to the lower floor of the construction, connecting the foundations and taking up the general stresses of the construction.

To date, the usual construction infrastructures consist of foundations on continuous or insulated footings, or wells, or piles, and connections between the foundations and the floor, provided by frames cast in place, or block walls. load-bearing concrete agglomerates, produced in place, resulting in a significant labor force subject to climatic conditions.

In addition> the usual methods lead to significant movements of land with the excavation material, the backfill and the evacuation of surpluses after foundations.

The subject of the present invention is in particular a process for producing infrastructures which eliminates as much as possible earth movements, climatic hazards and quantities of structures, and considerably improves the speed and precision of construction.

This process is characterized by the use of sets of prefabricated pins; placed in the ground by means of a planting and beating machine, these units are crowned by prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.

In practice, the set of pins allows the construction to be associated with a more or less important mass of soil while transferring most of the loads to a horizon below the frost levels in temperate countries, by varying the crash angle: from 90 to 70 for example and the depth from 0.80m to 3 meters.

The pins are formed either by prestressed concrete profiles with a section that can vary from 25 to 250 square centimeters, cylindrical with a pyramidal section (square to round), or by commercial metal profiles tubes or H of equivalent section.

Depending on whether the ground is provided with low or significant differential settlement capacity, the method provides either a diffuse implantation of the pins, or groups of pins with location of level recovery devices.

The pins can be implemented by means of existing equipment or to be adapted, for example vibrating hammers for light sheep, planting machines equipped with light sheep.

The present invention relates to the foundations obtained in accordance with the method described above as well as the material suitable for this purpose.

Another subject of the present invention is the association of the heads of the pins with the supporting structures, and the front closures. The production process includes the formwork of association elements to be poured in place, the installation of the prefabricated connecting and coping elements supporting the construction, and the elements for closing any void between the low floor and the surrounding ground.
The objects of the invention, and their characteristics will appear clearly in the description of the process which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings and diagrams.
Figure 1 shows in perspective a diagram of the usual infrastructure on a continuous footing and load-bearing walls with reinforced concrete chaining at the head of the load-bearing walls
FIG. 2 represents in perspective a diagram of the usual infrastructure on isolated load-bearing points (footing, wells, piles) with reinforced concrete beams having to take up the low floor and the superstructure.

FIG. 3 shows in perspective the diagram of foundations and infrastructure made in accordance with the invention.

Figures 4,5,6 show a plan of three layout diagrams of pins taking into account the quality of the soil and the distribution of the loads to be carried.
figure 4, grouping of pins instead of the usual isolated foundations.

. FIG. 5, linear layout under a supporting structure, instead of the usual continuous footings.

FIG. 6, diffuse implantation under a load-bearing slab.

The present invention also covers the combination of these types of implantation.
Figure 7 shows in section the formwork element of the head of the foundations to be poured in place of reinforced concrete in the case of installation grouped according to Figure 4.

Figure 8 shows in perspective and Figures 8A, 8B and 8C in plan, the formwork gutters of the elements connecting the pins in the case of linear layout according to Figure 5, and for pouring in reinforced concrete the stringers crowning the pins and supporting construction.

FIG. 9 represents in perspective the association of a head with the group of pins according to FIG. 7, with the stringers which can be prefabricated.

FIG. 10 represents in perspective the association of the crowns of pins according to FIGS. 5 and 8, to constitute the supporting infrastructure of the construction.

The present invention also covers the possible combination of the arrangements of Figures 9 and 10.

FIG. 11 shows in perspective a screw jack device allowing the altitude adjustment of structures supporting light constructions with wood or metal structures.

FIG. 11A is a sectional view of this device.

FIGS. 12 and 13 represent in elevation and in perspective the housings which may be provided for the subsequent installation of jacks allowing the height adjustment of support structures; masonry or concrete constructions.

FIG. 14 shows in perspective the material ensuring the positioning of the pins in the ground.

Taking again in more detail the presentation by Figures 9 to 14 of the obj method of the present invention, and its comparison with the processes and methods of the current construction market, we recognize in Figure 1 the strip footings of armed bé (21) load-bearing walls in masonry blocks or walled sails (22) and the reinforced concrete cap (23) at the head of the walls. The footings (21) are commonly 0.30m to 1m wide, and the walls (22), 0.20m thick are 0.60 to 1.50 high to take over constructions weighing 20 to R80 tonnes9 hence loss of material.
According to invention 9, the soles are replaced by pins (26) in FIG. 3, in prestressed prefabricated concrete or in metal profiles, from 25 to 250, with a section each taking 0.5 to 3 tonnes distributed in the mass of land. .

In figure 1 we recognize the usual isolated foundations (24): wells, footings, piles, carrying the beams (25) in reinforced concrete. For the targeted constructions, each Foundation transfers the construction costs to 40 tonnes over the carrying horizon; for poor soils special foundations are necessary
According to the invention, the isolated foundations (24) are replaced by groups of pins (26) implanted according to Figures 2 to 6 or else according to a combination of these types of implantation, unit load of 0.5 to 3 tons and associating the terr wrapping the pins.

According to the invention, the pins (26) are placed in the ground by means of an existing material constituted in FIG. 14 by a self-propelled tractor provided with a jack (44) and a light ram (46), to degrees of freedom allowing the pins to be installed quickly vertically or obliquely at depths of 0.80m to 3r depending on the terrain and the loads to be stabilized.

According to the invention, the pins are connected at the top by prefabricated reinforced concrete elements (32) and (33) in FIG. 9, or cast in place in molds (@ in FIG. 7, or (30) from Figure 8, the latter, prepared in the factory, can be hardened cardboard or fiber reinforced mortar.

In the case of soils with significant potential for differential settlement, the method comprises the installation of leveling elements called jacks.

These jacks (34) of Figure 11 are sai; integrated, or associated with the infrastructure of light houses. They include a threaded body (36) fixed by screws or bolts (39 to the joists (40) in the case of an associated jack, possibly with a recessed nut (37), and a metal plate (38) fixed to the sill (32) to avoid wear.

In the case of an integrated cylinder, the body (36) is placed in the outrigger
(32). The screw (35) operated by a commercial key allows you to adjust the desired level
In the case of heavy constructions (80 to 180 tonnes), the process provides for a housing (41) of figures 12 and 13 between the beams (32) or (33) and the massive
(28) on groups of pins (26). This housing allows the installation and subsequent operation of existing flat jacks in construction techniques. A guide
(42) and (43) of Figure 12, ensures the transmission of horizontal forces between the construction and the foundation heads.

According to the invention, this guide is composed of two sliding metal tubes, one integral (43) of the block (28), the other (42) of the infrastructure of the stringers (32) or (33). The piece (43) is sealed in the reinforced concrete by means of a carp tail. It can also be glued.

The part (42) is embedded in the sill (32) or (33) at the time of production in the factory.

Finally, according to the method presented in the invention, when the requirements of the project result in the presence of a vacuum between the peripheral beams and the ground, the closing of the vacuum can be ensured by pre-dimensioned prefabricated panels of various kinds such as prestressed concrete. , the fiber-reinforced mortar, secured to the infrastructure by fasteners adapted to the stresses undergone: self-drilling anchors, fasteners surrounding the pins.

Finally, according to FIG. 14, the invention relates to the adaptation of existing equipment making it possible to produce pilot holes by static driving a metal part (45). This equipment can set up the pins in two stages: the first by driving the pin into the ground statically by means of the jack (44) up to a maximum depth of one meter, the second by activating a light dynamic ram (46) which, by threshing, makes it possible to reach the depth required for the tests and calculations taking into account the nature of the soil and the weight of the proposed construction.

The tractor is fitted on the side with a column (49) which can be swiveled by means of a mandrel (50); a hydraulically operated slide (51) supports the jack (44) and the ram (46) which ensure the positioning of the pins in the ground. A balancing shoe (48) completes the tractor equipment.

Claims (8)

CLAIMS. 1. Method of foundation and infrastructure for constructions with simple ground floor and floor characterized by the implementation of numerous prefabricated pins of low unit bearing capacity and length up to 3 meters, and the material suitable for the installation. implementation of the method. 2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the pins from 25 to 250 square centimeters of section each take up 0.5 to 3 tons disseminated in the mass of the land. 3. Method according to rendendications 1 and 2 characterized in that each pin is prepared and produced in the factory, in reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete or in profiled steel from the commercial HE or tubular. 4. Method according to claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the pins are plugged without a pilot hole by means of traditional equipment, or with a pilot hole depending on the nature of the ground by means of a suitable material. 5. Foundations made according to a process according to claims 1 to 4. 6. Method according to claims 4 and 5 characterized in that the fondatic are surmounted by connecting infrastructure and carrying the loads of the construction carried out by means of prefabricated elements of prestressed reinforced concrete o of reinforced concrete poured in prefabricated formwork in factory. 7. A method according to claims 5 and 6 characterized in that for the soil c with significant settlement potential, jacks or jack boxes are arranged to make up for the subsequent level differences. 8. Equipment suitable for the implementation of the method according to claim 4 characterized in that the driving machines with a jack also include a dynamic energy material to penetrate the pins in the ground to the depth required by the calculations. and testing.