FR2557337A1 - Simulator for teaching the driving of motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Mechanical device for simulating motor vehicle driving. The invention relates to a simple and light device permitting, on the basis of essentially mechanical principles, the learning of the essential reflex single movements or sets of movements. It consists of a chassis 99 supporting various control members for a real vehicle along which is laterally fixed a box 108 for direction indication. This box permits movement at variable speeds of the point of the visual stimulus 11 that the user has to constrain himself to follow with the point of the stalk 10 which he steers by means of his steering wheel 1. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for future candidates for the driving licence before they go on to the driving school.

Description

 The present invention relates to a device for the mechanical simulation of driving essentially light motor vehicles.

 I1 already exist such devices used for educational purposes in which the user, placed in a cockpit provided with control members of a real vehicle, acts on said control members according to driving situations projected on a screen associated with cinematographic projection means.

 In French Patent No. 7,037,767, on the other hand, attempts have been made to control the control members to the projection means.

 The device according to the invention has little connection with these heavy, sophisticated and expensive means. It is a simple invention from purely mechanical devices (with the exception of a variant using electric motors) based on very inexpensive, lightweight materials (portable by a woman), having a purpose widely used and aimed solely at roughing out candidates for driving licenses before they go to the driving school. The device according to the invention aims to allow them, alone at home and away from any external emotional disturbance, to acquire at their own pace the gestures of the only essential reflexes that they will only have to refine later in practice on a real vehicle at the driving school.

To know
- The reflex I of the handling of the actual steering wheel towards the front (possibly towards the rear) with the equivalent amplitude of the useful perimeter of a conventional steering wheel or not. With visual stimulus to follow more or less quickly depending on the speed set.

 - the reflex 2 of the handling of the gear boot lever (variable according to the type of vehicle desired by the user).

 - The reflex 3 for handling the gear lever linked to the use of the clutch pedal (inability to move the lever if the pedal has not been fully depressed).

 - Reflex 4 for handling the gear lever linked to the accelerator coupled to a speedometer.

 - The reflex 5 of the handling of the brake pedal with three corresponding decreasing positions of the counter visually implying either the need to downshift at lower speeds, or the abrupt stop (if necessary) bringing 11 needle of the counter to zero level.

 According to a preferred embodiment, the crank, by which the teammate of the user moves the visual stimulus, can be replaced by two antagonistic low-speed electric motors whose operation is regulated by the unwinding or winding of a strip (by conductive place, by insulating place) controlled by two other weaker motors.

 According to a variant, certain control members can be modified so as to be reduced (in their size or their strength) or moved along the main chassis in order to adapt the entire device to a smaller user. A child for example.

 According to another variant, a device can be added to the main chassis for driving the steering wheel when using reverse gear.

 Figure I shows, in section, the position of the main organs of the device and in particular the location of the chair (variable and always adaptable by the user) which is not included in the device.

 Figures 2, 3 and I6 show, in section or from above, the devices relating to the reflex I.

 FIG. 4 represents, in section or from above, the device relating to the reflex 3.

 your figures 5, 6 and 7 relate to reflexes 4 and 5.

 FIG. 8 represents, in section or from above, the device relating to the reflex 2.

 FIGS. 9, I0, II and I2 represent, in section or from above, the device relating to the operation of the variable displacement of the visual stimulus.

 FIGS. I3 and I4 relate to an electric varian allowing the user to train alone, without the assistance of a third party handling the crank of FIG. 12.

 FIG. 15 shows, in section, the device relating to a variant making it possible to transform the adult device into a toy for a child.

 te device shown in Figure I is composed of two uprights (of wood or rigid plastic) of I, 46 m joined by four transverse bars keeping them spaced 43 cm (two of them used to wedge the rear of at least 2 feet from an average chair).

Two isosceles right triangles (joined by their 38 cm base to the uprights) allowing the installation of a transverse floor (105) under which, at equal distance from the uprights, the end of a support (I06) of 21 cm is fixed x 62 cm inclined at an angle to the floor and supported by its other end on a support (I07) fixed perpendicular to the front crossbar. The whole of this chassis (99) is laterally fixed both the housing (84) containing the gear lever (7), and the direction indication housing (108) containing the crank (23).

perpendicular to the support (I06), at I7.5 cm from the base of the brake pedal (5) and also crossing the support (I07), the axis (I9) on which the steering wheel ( I) whose center is 82 cm from the ground. In parallel, at 9.5 cm diagonally to the right, so that its extension is outside but against the support (107), rises from 60 to 65 cm the axis of the counter (8).

your pedals are spaced I3.5 cm apart, tilted 750 psr from the floor, and with a length of I2 cm except that of the accelerator 6) which is 5 cm This last t placed 4 cm lower than the two others and at IC n of the floor base (105). They all sink into the floor except that of the brake (5) which sinks 4 cm + 2 cm by maximum compression against the rubber (O). They are all brought back to their original position either by a tension spring (27) of 3 Kg for the release (4), or of compression (83) from 3 to 5 Kg for the brake, or of compression (I23) of I Kg for the accelerator (6).

The gear lever (7 Fig 8) measures 50 cm for I, 2 cm in section (its base being covered by a portion of welded tube ass6) 3 cm long for I, 5 cm in section) and is placed in the case (84) of 24 cm x I5 cm x 42 cm from which it emerges with a length of I3 cm. The displacements of its apex with respect to neutral are 9 cm forwards or backwards, and 4 cm to the right or to the left. In addition, a 2.5 cm depression is provided for the passage of reverse gear in the case of an automobile involving this type of process.

The housing (84) is made up of horizontal wooden plates (45 and 46), 3/5 equivalent plates bent in a V shape (49 or I8) corresponding to (IO, 20, 30 and 40), and equivalents of 2/5 of plate (17 or I8) corresponding to the reverse slightly folded according to the same shape.

The plate (45) is pierced (Fig 8) with corridors (parallel in the shape of a fork) 1.5 cm wide inside which the lever (7) can move along the lengths
0.7 cm and 6.7 cm. The plate (46) has a central hole at the bottom flared where the semi-spherical stopper (48) is inserted, integral with (7) and allowing it to pivot. On the top of (46) the compression spring is supported. (47) which is supported by its other end on a bar fixed perpendicular to the rod (7): which allows a depression of (7) therefore (48) immediately brought against the plate (46) when the pressure is released with the segment (I6) not pressed below the level of (17). The equivalent of 5/5 of plate (49 and I7) has the same design of openings as (45) but inverted with respect to (48), the lengths (by projection on an average horizontal plane) being I2 cm and 7 , 5 cm, and the 1.8 cm wide lanes for the speeds (I, 2, 3 and 4) of (49) and
I, 4 cm for the reverse of (I7). The entrance to the latter's corridor being also located 2 cm lower in relation to the plane of neutral: this forces the segment of larger diameter (I6: from I, 5 cm) to be fully inserted below the level of the plate (I7) so that its extension (7) of 1.2 cm can move there. The hood of 5/5 of folded metal plate (I8) has the same design of openings, homothetic compared to (48) * as the assembly (49 and I7) but 2.5 / cm lower; 4 corridors whose parallel edges are rails, being longer and their constant width equal to 1.8 cm.

The fork (29) sliding above or below the plates (49 or I7) can cutter consists of 2 parallel teeth of 8 cm of useful length and spaced from 7 to 8 cm: in their initial position they prohibit any withdrawal in career the base of the lever (7) when a gear has been engaged at the end of its lane.

the declutching tube (25) (4 Fig 4) has a section of I, 8 cm and carries a longitudinal opening (zoo) of 7 mm wide and I2 cm long allowing the lever (26) of section 6 mm to move which is integral with the rod (24: 1.2 cm in section) sliding inside the tube (25).

The lever (26) is connected to the fork (29 Fig 4) by the wire (14) via the pulley (28). A pressure of I2 cm from the clutch pedal (4) from A to B resulting in total clearance of the fork (29) on the 8 cm perpendicular to the 5 parallel lanes (by prorection on a medium horizontal plane) of the plates (I7 and 4g). The brake pedal (5 Fig 5) has the same measurements as (4) for the lever (II4), integral with the rod (II5), moving in the opening (I00) 6 cm long of the tube ( 8). The latter being further extended by
more than the 2 cm section tube (8I) containing the rubber washers or the eraser (80). The 3 wires (I5), connected to the end of the brake lever (il4), moving on the other hand to the interior of 3 rings (II6) in smooth metallic wire. your accelerator pedal (6) being connected by the wire (I3) and the pulleys (II7 and II8) to the lever (38) so as to be able to pull it from 70 to I00 back and perpendicular to its axis (34).

The metal support (43 Fig 6) has a diagonal opening (44) of 9 mm x 3 mm inside which can move the lever (39) brought back to its initial position by the spring (40). the spring (40) like those (37 or 43 Fig 5) are of weak traction. the dial (8 Fig 5) has a circular opening on 2400 inside which the support of the needle moves on the staircase (31); on its 2/3 it is graduated from O to I20 Km / h (re
divided into 4 sectors marked 1, 2, 3 and 4) and is covered with a dial cover (32: of equal diameter I2 cm) which does not interfere with the movements of the needle and makes it visible by an opening at 909 on I / 5 of its surface.

The counter (8) comprises a tube (34 Fig 5) 78 cm long for I, 2 cm in section whose perpendicular lever (38) is, in its initial position, located exactly under the lever (39 Fig 7) and pressed against the axis (4I) by the spring or elastic (42). the tube (33), 84 cm long for I, 8cm in section, carries on its 2/3 a transverse opening (I24: 7 mm inside which 38 moves) allowing it to move 2400 on its axis of rotation inside the rings (il2) of the chassis (99). Likewise for the tube (34) which can move from 70 to 1000 on its axis inside the rings (IOI) placed inside and at the ends of the tube (33). The lever (38) folded at 900 and fixed perpendicularly on the tube (34), like the needle (31) located partly in 2 parallel planes, emerges from 3 cm from the tube (33) and is acting on the 3 triggers (9: of 2.3 cm base for 1.6 cm in height, placed on the same plane and spaced 600) located 1.8 cm from the tube (33) on the extensions (36) from which they are fixed by the welded plates (35). The axis (97) around which each trigger (9) pivots is located 4 mm from the stop (96) of the part (35).

The flywheel (I) has a diameter of 38 cm: by the axis (I9) which is integral with them, it acts on the pulley (2) with an internal diameter of 4 cm moving by the belt (20 Fig 2 and Fig 3) the pulley (3) with an internal diameter of 28 cm secured to the rod bent at 900 (IO), the extension of which serves as a rotation axis inside the chassis (99). (3) can be of diameter 5 to 7 times greater than any (2) chosen small: the centers of their 2 axes being 23 cm.

All the pulleys: that (65) secured to the common axis of the motors (66 and 67), that (62) secured to the crank (23), that (2I) secured to the axis (56), that ( Í2) mobile (around the axis (IO) curved to 900) and integral with the front visual stimulus (II): have an internal diameter of 4 cm. They, on the other hand, connected together by belts (possibly with intermediate pulleys) so that the displacements of the crank (23) or the motors (66 and 67) result in the displacement of the rod (II): the belt (I05) connecting (62 and 65), (62 and one of the pulleys of the assembly (6I) being integral with 23) one of the 4 belts (104) connecting (61) to one pulleys (57, 58, 59 and 60), (one of these 4 being integral with (21) gracie à 56) the belt (22) connecting (21) and (I2).

All the pulleys of the device have a thickness of 1.5 cm with the exception of the 4 pulleys (51) whose thickness is I cm. The metal arrow (IO) is 28 cm long, that (II) 30 cm: their displacement is 900 to the right or to the left.

The housing (I08 Fig 2) can be 38 cm long, 25 cm wide and 25 cm high, the crank (23) emerging from I8 cm.

The assembly (61) is composed of 4 movable pulleys of decreasing diameters (down) I3, 5 cm, I0.5 cm, 7.5 cm and 3 cm connected by the belts (I04) to the 4 movable pulleys (57 , 58, 59 and 60) of respective diameters increasing 3 cm, 7.5 cm, 10.5 cm and 13.5 cm. These 8 pulleys having a central orifice (64) having 3 particularities: on the one hand a conical opening allowing the introduction, whatever their position, of the drop-shaped protrusions (55 and 10) of 3 mm fixed on either side of the axes (56 and 23); suture leaves the opening c8nique grooving and flaring so as to form a gutter directing the protrusions (55 and IIO) inside the two symmetrical handles finally enlarging the central hole in the middle of the pulley (Fig I2) . The axes (23) and (56) being separated by 21 cm, parallel and inclined at 450.

The metal trolleys (50 Fig 9-IO-II) 3 cm long slide on rails (plates I8) spaced 1, 8 cm and 9 cm long allowing them a maximum useful stroke of 6 cm. They are connected by the 4 wires (52) to the 4 lugs / these linked (51), after which join in a split wire just before the next pulley (I22): one of the strands connected to the pulleys (53 and 54) makes it possible to pull then to fix the axis (56) perpendicular to the planes of the pulleys (57, 58, 59 and 60); the other strand connected to the pulleys (II2 and
III) making ment for the axis of the crank (23) relative to (61). The 2 axes being thus simultaneously pulled so that their protuberances (55 and IIO) are simultaneously placed in the center of two of their pulleys on the same plane.

With the exception of the wires (15) of the brake (5) which are simple sewing thread, the transmission belts between pulleys or between pedals and levers are in braided wire (in artificial silk) of 3 mm, the latter being wrapped I round I / 2 around each pulley in the case of slippage.

The pulleys are made of wood or rigid plastic material with metal support when there is one.

The tubes are metallic or plastic.

The levers, pins or small parts requiring high resistance to deformation or wear (trigger 9, carriage 50) are metallic or possibly made of hard and resistant plastic. The axis (I9) is made of plastic or hard wood, 2.3 cm in section, rotating closely inside rings of semi-flexible plastic.

 The gear lever (7) being in neutral, the user is forced to disengage fully to obtain the displacement of the fork (29 Fig 4) which allows the passage of the plate (49) of the base ( I6) of the lever (7) from position I6 (D) to position I6 (C). The engagement automatically releasing the tractor on the fork (29), the latter is returned to its initial position by the spring (30), and the base of the lever (7) is then locked in position I6 (o) which is that of the first.

As a result of the maximum acceleration on the pedal (6) the needle (31) of the counter (8 Fig 5) goes from O to 40 Em / h while simultaneously the lever (38) crosses the obstacle of the trigger 9 (a) in the sense that it can lower itself away from the stopper (96) against which it is spontaneously brought back by the spring (37).

The counter hand then being in the corner marked 20 is an incentive for the user to release the accelerator (6) and to pass the second without forgetting to disengage according to the mechanism described above. The release of the pedal (6) brings back the lever (38), thanks to the elastic (42 Fig 7), against the trigger g (a) which, locked against its stopper (96), is driven by 600 against the lever (39 Fig 6) which it raises, which folds behind it and against which it is blocked by the spring (43).

The needle (31) thus returned (Fig 5) (with the lever (38) of common axis 34) to its original position, the frame (8) - integral with the tube (33) itself integral with the gachet- te 9 (a) - being moved 600, marks 20 km / h at the minimum position of the needle (31).

It only remains for the user to accelerate once again to the maximum to see the needle (31) pass over 60 km / h and located in the angle marked 30 which is an incentive to pass this speed while releasing the pedal (6) which brings back the gRehette 9 (b) instead of 9 (a), thus bringing back the dial (8) to the minimum position of 50 km / h. Likewise the passage of the 40 brings the dial (8) at the minimum position of 80 km / h by the trigger 9 (c).

Simultaneously, as of the clutch after the passage to the first, the co-pilot of the user can start to move (possibly by several turns) the crank (23 Fig I2) at a constant speed to the right or to the left moving thus the end of the rod (II) which the user must endeavor to follow with the end of the rod (IO) via its flywheel: 1/4 of a turn of (IO) corresponding to approximately 6/4 turn of the steering wheel (I), which is the average equivalent displacement of an actual steering wheel. The co-pilot being careful not to move (II) an angle greater than 900 to the right or to the left of the user relative to the center of his front visual field.

The base (I6) of the gear lever (7) moving the sliding carriage (50) by 5.1 cm on the corridor corresponding to the IO, the axis (56) and its two symmetrical protrusions (55) are displaced by 'As much and blocked in the middle of the movable pulley (60) that the crank (23) rotates via one of the pulleys of the assembly (61).

The pulley of (61) being small, the time necessary for the pulley (60) to make I / 4 turn around 4 times larger is therefore long. And since it is the latter which causes the rod (II) to move via the pulleys (21 and I2), the end of (II) moves slowly and the user easily follows it thanks to its flywheel (I) with the end of the rod (IO).

The carriages (50) are positioned on the corridors of the reverse gear, the 20 and the 30 so as to be able to move the axes (56 and 23) respectively by 5.1 cm, 3.4 cm and 1.7 cm. (instead of 4.5 cm, 3 cm and 1.5 cm because their 8 pulleys are supported one on the other or on the support (L08) by means of metal rings 1 mm thick which are integral with them and do not interfere with the passage of the protuberances (55 and IIO): which implies a thickness of 2 rings between each pulley so as to minimize excessive friction) respectively engaging the corresponding pulleys (60, 59 and 58) for (56) and those corresponding to group (61) for (23). The 40 has no carriage because it corresponds to the minimum pulley (57) and that the protuberance (55) of the lever (56) is spontaneously positioned there thanks to the compression spring (63); similarly for the protuberance (IIO) of the crank (23) inside the largest pulley of (61) thanks to the spring (IO9).

According to the same principle as previously described for the pulley (60) corresponding to the first (IO), the tip of the rod (II) of the visual stimulus moves at progressively increasing speeds as the speed engaged by the lever (7 ) is bigger. Forcing the user to downgrade if he feels insufficiently trained to follow it.

If the speed is 40 and the user wishes to decrease it, a first pressure of 3 cm on the brake pedal (5) brings a total traction of the wire (I5 Fig 5) leading to the trigger 9 (c) which found released from the lever (39). The entire tube (33) is thus released and pulled by the spring (43) so that it is the trigger 9 (b) which abuts against the lever (39) where it is blocked. The needle (31) of the counter (8) then marks 50 km / h and is located in the angle marked 30 which is an incentive for the user to switch to this speed. If subsequently he wishes to switch to 20, an additional pressure of I cm brings total traction on the wire (15) leading to the trigger 9 (b). Hence, according to the same principle as before, a counter hand (31) marking 20 km / h and inciting go to 20. The total stop, by releasing the trigger 9 (a) obtained by an additional pressure of 2 cm from the pedal rod (5) against an eraser (80) of gradually maximum resistance. The transition from 80 to O W h can very well be carried out without the intermediate steps by a rapid and powerful depressing of 6 cm of the brake pedal (5). The trigger 9 (c) then comes directly to its original position against the stop (I03).

 In the embodiment according to FIGS. I3 and 14, the electric motors (66 and 67) have a displacement of 20 to 50 revolutions / minute, those (73 and 74) being two to three times slower and of possibly increasing speed with the speed engaged by the lever (7).

your contacts "stalagtites" (77) can measure 5 mm and are 2 mm from the pulleys (57, 58, 59 and 60) that they overhang, the height of the steps of the "staircase" the real ones is I , 9 cm. Each of the 2 pyramid contacts (79) is in one piece movable around (56) and is 4 mm above the mimes pulleys by parallel segments separated by 1.7 cm (2, I cm with the base) . They enable two pairs of "stairs" (II9, 69) or (I20, 69) required to start either the motor (67) or the motor (66) to be switched on or off separately.

your insulating tape (76), winding or unwinding around the coils (71 and 72) moved by electric motors (73 and 74) like a magnetic tape on a tape recorder, is 14 mm wide and the aluminum strips (7)) which are fixed alternately on its two edges are 9 mm wide for lengths from 0.5 to 7 cm.

Each strip (75) switching on the central contact (69) either with the lateral contact (68) of the motor (66), or with the lateral contact (70) of the motor (67): all three placed on the same perpendicular line to (76) can never be contacted simultaneously or together.

The contacts (79) constantly connect each of the 2 nstalagtites batteries "(69: both connected to the central contact (69) on 76) either with the blade (I20) of the motor (66), or with the blade (II9) of (67) thanks to the springs (98), and this as long as the latter are not compressed and (79) disconnected under the push of the buffers (78: high from 5 to 6mmr
The common pole (69) which can be brought into contact either with the pole (70) of the motor (67) or of the blade (68) of the motor (66) by means of the conductive strip (75), one or the Another motor sets in motion one of the 4 movable pulleys (57, 58, 59 or 60). The end of the lamella (75) causing the engine to stop and the opposing motor to engage by the next lamella. In the case of a too long strip involving a displacement of the rod (II) of more than 900 to the right or to the left, each of the movable pulleys around the axis (56 Fig I2) carries a stopper (78 Fig I4) pressing the moving contact 79 (a) or 79 (b) which stops the operation of the engine. When the opposing motor starts up bringing the contact (79) back to its initial position thanks to the springs 98 (a) or 98 (b), it is again available when it is switched on by a new strip (75).

 In the embodiment according to FIG. I6, a frame (I2I) similar to the support (I06) is fixed along (99) and is located at the bottom and slightly behind the user's right shoulder. I1 supports the pulley (89). The pulleys (95 and 88) have an internal diameter of 4 cm as (2), that of the pulley (89) is 28 cm as (3). The metal arrow (90) is 28 cm long and that (92) 30 cm: their displacement is 900 to the right or to the left relative to their central position.

 The pulley (95), extending the axis (I9) and being integral with it, moves the pulley (88) by the belt (II3) and consequently the pulley (89) connected to the pulley (88) by the crossed belt ( 93): which implies a movement opposite to (88) therefore, for the same operation of the steering wheel (I), opposite movements of the arrows (0) and (IO) respectively integral with the pulleys (89) and (3).

Following the same principle as previously described for the movements of the front visual stimulus (II), the pulley (21) moves an equal pulley (9I) movable (around the axis (90) curved to 900) and integral with the rear visual stimulus (92) both being connected by the belt (94).

Training for reverse gear is therefore exactly comparable to that for forward gear.

 In the embodiment according to Figure (I5), the counter (8) exceeds the support plane (106) by 50 cm. The diameter of the axis (I9) is 2.3 cm, its mobile segment (85) measures 27 cm. the tube (86) integral with the steering wheel (I) and sliding around (I9) measures 38 cm for 2.5 cm of internal section: the distance between its fixing holes (87) on (I9) and (85) or on (19) alone, are 32 cm.

The distance between the torques of the corresponding fixing holes of the gearbox (84) on the chassis (99) is 20 cm forwards. The force of the additional replacement spring (83) is I Kg, those (27 and I23) of 0.5 Kg, and the elasticity of the rubber washers (80) greatly increased.

 Its operation is identical to that of the device according to the invention.

 The device according to the invention is particularly intended for beginners of driving schools, as well as for private individuals or their children.

Claims (9)

 I) Driving simulation device characterized in that it comprises a portable chassis (99) supporting on the one hand a traditional control system such as steering wheel (I), accelerator pedal (6), brake pedal (5 ), clutch pedal (4), a gear lever (7) and a speedometer (8); supporting on the other hand a direction indication system surmounted by a crank (23) varying from 900 to the right or to the left a metal rod (II) whose movements of the end can be followed by the user with the end of the metal rod (IO) orientable via the handwheel (I).  2) Device according to the preceding claim characterized in that (ig 4) the rod (24) of the clutch pedal (4) slides inside the tube (25) and allows via the lever ~ (26 ), wire (I4) and pulley (28) to pull or release the fork (29) blocking the base of the gear lever (7) when the latter has been positioned at the desired speed. te lever (26), integral with the rod (24), moves inside the longitudinal opening (IOO) of the tube (25) and is returned to its original position by the spring (27). The fork (29) being returned to its initial position by the spring (30) Fig 4.  3) Device according to claims I and 2 characterized in that (Fig 5) the accelerator pedal (6) via the wire (I3), pulleys (II7 and II8) and the spring (I23) can pull backward and perpendicular to its axis (34) the lever (38) at an angle between 70 and I000. This lever (38), moving inside a transverse opening made in the tube (33) on its 2/3, being brought back to its initial position in abutment on the axis (41) and exactly under the lever (39) through the spring or elastic (42 Fig 7).  4) Device according to claim 3 characterized in that a tube (34) pivots from 70 to I000 on its axis inside the rings (IOI) fixed to the ends of the tube (33) which pivots itself by 2400 on its axis inside the rings (I02) carried by the chassis (99).  5) Device according to claims 3 and 4 characterized in 3 identical devices (Fig 5) spaced 600 and integral with the tube (33) by the welded parts (35 and 36). Each device comprising a trigger (9) pivoting about an axis (97) and returned by the spring (37) to its initial position against the stop (96).  6) Device according to claims 3, 4 and 5 characterized in that (Fig 6) the lever (39) moves inside the opening (44) formed in the support (43) and is immediately returned to its initial position by the spring (40).  7) Device according to all of claims 3, 4, 5 and 6 characterized in that (Fig 5) a staircase needle (31) integral with the tube (34) moves inside an opening of the dial (8) which is integral with the tube (33) and partially masked by the dial cover (32).  8) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Fig 5) the brake pedal (5) by a set of lever (II4), wires (I5), spring (83) and rings (II6) is connected to the 3 triggers (9) and that the tube (81) contains rubber washers (80) against which the end of the stem of the pedal (5) abuts when it is almost halfway.  9) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Fig 8) the housing (84) is composed of several plates (45, 46, 49, I7 and I8) comprising openings inside which the gear lever (7) pivots, slides or moves, returned to its initial position by the spring (47) against the plate (46) by the stop (48).  IO) Device according to claim 9 characterized in that (Fig 9) the metal plates (18) are pierced with openings whose parallel edges serve as rails for small sliding carriages (50) Fig IO and Fig II.  II) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises (Fig I2) a housing (I08) fixed laterally to the frame (99) and supporting two parallel inclined axes: one (56) reduced to its initial position by the spring (63) and comprising two protrusions (55) sliding freely or locking inside the holes (64: with fluted conical openings and with central cavity with two symmetrical handles) of the 4 mobile pulleys (57, 58 , 59 and 60) of different increasing diameters; the other, brought back to its initial position by the spring (I09), extended by the crank (23) also comprising two protrusions (IIO) sliding according to exactly the same principle as (56) inside the 4 movable pulleys (61 ) of different decreasing diameters. The protuberances (55 and IIO) being located on the same plane perpendicular to the two axes.  I2) Device according to claim II characterized in that (Fig I2) the small carriages (50), connected to the wires with split ends (52) and to the pulleys (5I, I22,53 or 112, 54 or III), make it possible to pull then fix the axes (56 and 23) perpendicular to the planes of the 4 movable pulleys (61) or (57, 58, 59 and 60). Each of these last 4 pulleys being connected by a belt (I04) to the corresponding pulley located on the same plane of ltenseable (6I). The axis (56) being on the other hand integral with the pulley (21) moving a similar pulley (I2) via the belt (22).  I3) Device according to claim I2 characterized in that (Fig I3) the pulley (62), integral with the axis (23) of the assembly (61), is connected by the belt (I05) to the pulley (65 ) secured to the common axis of 2 electric motors (66 and 67) with different directions of rotation. The starting of these motors is controlled by the winding or unwinding of a strip (76) around the coils (71 and 72) seen by the electric motors (74 and 73) in the manner of a strip magnetic on a magnified tophone.  I4) Device according to claim I3 characterized in that the insulating strip (76) carries thin strips of aluminum (75) whose length is variable but whose width is constant and slightly greater than half the width of the strip (76) so as to connect the central contact (69) either with the contact (68) or with the contact (70).  I5) Device according to claims I3 and 14 characterized in that (Fig I4) each of the movable pulleys (57, 58, 58 and 60) carries a stopper (78) and is overhung by two types of contacts on the one hand the contacts "stalagtites" (77) connected together according to the same "staircase" to the same pole of the motors, ie twice the common pole (69), or the pole (I20) of the motor (66), or the pole (zig) of the motor (67); on the other hand two pyramidal contacts (79) movable around the same axis (56) connecting (to their initial position) constantly between them, thanks to the springs (98), two series of "stalagtites" (77) necessary for setting circuit either of the motor (66) or of the motor (67).  I6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Fig 2 and Fig 3) an axis (l9) is integral with a flywheel (I) and a pulley (2): the latter being connected by a belt (20) to a pulley (3: inner diameter 5 to 7 times greater) secured to a rod (10) curved to 900 which is the extension of its axis of rotation inside the chassis (99). The pulley (I2) integral with the rod (II) and movable around the axis (IO) being on the other hand maneuverable by the crank (23) and the pulley (21) via the belts (I04 and 22 ).  I7) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Fig I5) on the one hand the steering wheel (I) is integral with a tube (86) which slides and can be fixed (by points 87) the along the axis (19) composed of a movable segment (85); on the other hand, the tubes (33 and 34) are shortened accordingly, the gearbox (84) being able to be moved along the chassis (99), the resistances of the spring (83) and of the rubber (80 ) can be reduced.  I8) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (Fig I6) the axis (I9) can be extended by a pulley (95) which, via a pulley of the same diameter (88 ), would move by the crossed wire (93) a pulley (89) identical to the pulley (3) and according to the same principle as in Figure 3 for the rod (90) equivalent to the rod (IO) and the indication system of steering maneuverable by the crank (23). The latter moving the movable pulley (91) and consequently the rod (92) via the belts (94 and I04). the chassis supporting the pulley (89) being located at the bottom and slightly behind the user's right shoulder.