FR2555655A1 - FELLER-LOADING MACHINE FOR CREATING TUNNELS, HAVING A TOOL HOLDER, EQUIPPED WITH CUTTING TOOLS AND MOVABLE BY DRIVING - Google Patents

Abstract

A. FELLER-LOADING MACHINE FOR DIGGING TUNNELS, FEATURING A TOOL HOLDER, EQUIPPED WITH CUTTING TOOLS AND MOVABLE BY DRIVE. B. MACHINE CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE TOOL HOLDER 6 CONSISTS OF AT LEAST ONE ARM 7 SUPPORTED FOR SWIVELING ON A VERTICAL AXIS 5, ON WHICH THE CUTTING TOOLS 9 ARE ARRANGED ALONG A LINE THAT CORRESPONDS TO A SIDE HALF FROM THE PROFILE OF THE GALLERY TO BE MADE, THE TOOL HOLDER 6 IS CONNECTED TO A DRIVE WHICH COMMUNICATES TO IT A BACK-AND-BACK PIVOTING MOVEMENT. C. THE INVENTION CONCERNS FELLER-LOADING MACHINES FOR DIGGING TUNNELS, PROVIDING A TOOL SUPPORT, EQUIPPED WITH CUTTING TOOLS AND MOVABLE BY DRIVE.

Description

1.- "Felling-machine for digging tunnels, comprising

  a tool rack, equipped with cutting tools and

movable by drive. "

  The present invention relates to a feller-loader for digging tunnels, comprising a support

  tools equipped with cutting tools and movable by a

dragging.

  It is known, for digging underground galleries

  raines, to use so-called total-cut machines. Those-

  ci present a rotary cutting head around a horizontal axis

  zontal, which is equipped with rotary scissors or similar cutting tools. Machines of this kind can produce only galleries with a circular cross-section, and the

  diameter of a circle which can be produced by a machine

  can not normally be changed.

  It is also known to build galleries

  terraines using so-called partial cutting machines. Of

  Such machines have a movable arm at the end of the

  What is a milling tool? By an appropriate order

  Requested movements of the tool support, it is possible to make cross sections of different types. The cross-sectional accuracy of the tunnel in question, however, depends largely on the address of the driver of the machine, and the machine can, with great expense, be controlled by a special program. however relatively small because 2. a small part of the face can only be

processed by the tool.

  The present invention aims to propose a

  machine which, on the one hand, can achieve, with great precision,

  sion, galleries with cross-sectional shapes

  different types and which, on the other hand, may be

  killed with extremely simple means of construction.

  This problem is solved, according to the invention, by a machine characterized in that the tool support is constituted by at least one arm which is pivotally mounted about a vertical axis, on which the notching tools are

  arranged along a line that corresponds to a lateral half

  profile of the gallery to be made, this tool support

  being connected to a training that communicates to him

come and go.

  With this arrangement, the digging machine according to the invention produces in the face a hollow space whose envelope curve corresponds to the desired gallery cross section, the front wall having in

  plane a concave shape in a semicircle.

  - Advantageously, the machine according to the invention is equipped with a two-armed tool holder, which enclose

  between them, at an angle of about 90 degrees, and which are

  çables back and forth about 90 degrees. Compared to a construction with a single tool support movable back and forth on a 180-degree angle, the machine of the latter

  type provides a higher flow rate in a suitable rock.

  At the same time, the pivoting drive for the support

  of tools is simplified because, in the case of a

  rotatable over 180 degrees, it is necessary to pre-

  see as drive back and forth, a device consisting of

  both in a cylinder with hydraulic fluid and rack.

  A particularly judicious arrangement in accordance with the invention consists in the fact that the two arms are pivotally mounted on eccentrics shifted between them by 180 degrees.

  and, being themselves pivotable 180 degrees on these ex-

  centric. In this way, it is possible to

  each time, one arm of the tool support around a center of rotation placed further forward and thus bring this arm to act with its cutting tools on the wall of the tunnel, while the other tool holder arm moves around

  of the center of rotation placed further back, without

  the tunnel wall. By a rhythmic maneuver of rotation

  eccentric shafts, each of the two arms can be brought into action on the desired depth of notching with its cutting tools while they sweep half

of the face of size.

  Other advantageous features of the invention

  result from the following description with reference to

  in which: FIGS. 1A-B-C show three examples of gallery cross-section which can be made with the machine according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of a

  embodiment of the machine according to the invention.

  FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of another embodiment, FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the eccentric shaft, FIGS. 5a to 5e show the progress of the

  working phases with the machine of Figures 3 and 4.

  FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the machine; FIGS. 7a to 7b show another embodiment of the machine in two different working positions; FIGS. 8a to 8b relate to another example of

  also in two different working positions.

  annuities. In Figure 1 are shown three forms of cross-section 4 as examples of a tunnel to be made with the machine according to the invention. In Figure A, it is a typical arc-shaped profile. In

  Figure B shows a cross-section of scab

  which corresponds to the lower half of the profile of A and has, consequently, a trapezoidal shape. Figure C

  represents an underground gallery with a cross-section

  tarngulaire. To achieve the profile of Figure 1A, we use

  a tool support 6a which has, as shown in FIG.

  re 2, two arms (of which only the arm 7a is visible). This is a kind of frame, the outer edge of which corresponds to the half-profile of the gallery to be made. On the outer edge of this arm 7a are a number of cutting tools

  5 9, for example disc scissors, which, when

  back and forth from arm 7a, cut into the rock,

  the desired profile around the vertical median axis (Figure 2).

  The gallery profile according to FIG. 1B, results in correspondence of the action of an arm of modified form 7b,

  which is equipped, on its outer circumference, which follows the

  wire of the gallery, with cutting tools 9. The mode of

  work, with this constitution of the arm, is identical to that

it provided for Figure 1A.

  This is also the case with the rectangular gallery profile shown in FIG.

  7c arm equipped with cutting tools. In all these examples

  It should be noted that, by means of a

  9 cutting tools, clean and clean angles are achieved in the profile of the gallery. It is also possible to directly make galleries with asymmetrical profile, for example by combining an arm 7b with an arm 7c. We then obtain a profile which corresponds in one half to form B and in the other half to form C.

  Figure 2 shows an example of reali-

  a progressive tunnel digging machine according to 5.-

  to the invention, plan view, schematic.

  The machine consists of a casing 1 which supports

  be the tunnel wall with retractable claws and

  2, actuated by cylinders of hydraulic cylinders

  3. On the frame 1 is a feed cylinder 4 fixed in the longitudinal axis of the machine, on the end

  front of which is disposed an axis 5 extending vertically-

  is lying. Around this axis 5 is fixed a tool support 6 for pivoting in the horizontal direction, and which comprises two arms 7 and 8, offset relative to each other by 90 degrees. At the ends of the arms 7 and 8 are arranged cutting rollers

in appropriate bearings.

  The movement back and forth of the arms 7 and 8 is produced by two hydraulic cylinders double effect, which are fixed by their rear ends 11 to pivot

  on the frame 1, and which are fixed, with their rods of pistons

  tone, at the front end 12, to rotate each, on respective consoles 13. These consoles 13 are themselves

connected to arms 7 and 8.

  When retracting the piston rod of the cylinder

  10 in the figure, and the simultaneous extension of the piston rod of the left cylinder, the arms 7 and 8 perform a pivoting movement of at least 90 degrees

  to the right. In this movement, the sharp pebbles 9 de-

  stain, on their quarter-circle course, rock 14 half-concave front face. The role of the cylinder 4 is to apply a determined cutting pressure of the tools 9, in that the hydraulic fluid is introduced into the cylinder chamber which is located in front of the piston 4a in the direction of advancement. As soon as the advance stroke of the cylinder 4 is completed, the claws 2 are released and

  the machine frame 1, by introducing hydraulic fluid

  that in the chamber behind the piston 4b of the cylinder 4 is withdrawn back. After a new tightening of the claws 2, 6.-

  the machine is ready for work again.

  In the representation of Figure 2, are not indicated

  schematically as the essential elements. Obviously,

  the machine is completed by installations for evacuation

  slaughtered rock. In the case of hard rock, it is advisable to put only one arm in contact with the face of size. FIG. 3 represents an installation that makes it possible to

  simple way of bringing into working position, alternative-

  The installation resides in principle in that the arms are movable on two axes of rotation which are however arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis of the machine and these two axes of rotation. can be exchanged in their position relative to each other. In FIG. 3, the arm 7 can rotate on the axis and the arm 8 on the axis 16. As can also be seen in FIG. 3, the arm 7 which is in the working position sweeps another quarter of circle lying ahead of the one

  swept by the arm 8 in this position. As a result,

  3, when the arm 7 is moved in a clockwise direction, only the rock in the

  left half of the tunnel is shot down. The arm 8 also turns

  in a clockwise direction, but its

  they do not attack the rock in its terminal position of

right.

  A very simple installation for advancement journeys step by step tools by exchange of the centers of

  rotation 15 and 16, is then obtained when the rotational axes

  15 and 16 are rotary eccentric shafts 17 on

  one on their side. If, for example, from its position

  shown in FIG. 4, the eccentric shaft 17 is

  born to turn in the opposite direction to that of the needles of a

  - shows, the eccentric 16, on which the arm 8 is mounted to rock

  tation, moves forward in front of eccentric 15,

  in which case, this eccentric runs a race that corresponds to 215 - r 7.-

  twice the eccentricity E. Naturally, the advance cylinder

  4 is also moved forward of the same quantity

  in order to maintain the commitment of the tools with the rock

to slaughter.

  Figure 5 shows a work cycle in which the right arm and the left arm alternate with the rock. The arm 7 moves in "a", from its extreme left position, in the direction of clockwise, around the center of rotation 15. It thus cuts down

  the rock on the quarter circle represented in the left hand

  che of the figure. Simultaneously, the other arm 8 passes, also

  clockwise, by pivoting about the center of rotation 16 located in the backward direction, in an idle step, in its extreme position. In "b" both arms

  7 and 8 reach their final position.

  Now, the pivot centers 15 and 16 are exchanged with each other in their position, that is to say that the

  point 16 is, in rotation, in the reverse order of that of the

  guilles of a watch around 15, moved forward. he

  As a result, the arm 8 assumes the position shown at "c".

  The center of pivoting now provided for the arm 8 no longer coincides with the central point of the quadrant-shaped wall portion which has been previously cut down. In

  Consequently, the tools mounted on the arm 8, during the

  counterclockwise, following "d", detach a portion of increased depth from the rock. This contributes to an improvement of the driving power required for the machine, because its load, directly after starting in the new pivoting direction is relatively low and does not reach

  its maximum at the end of the pivoting run, that is,

  say when the full depth of cut. The end position in question is represented in "e". The cycle of

  work begins again as above, from the position

  represented in "a". Cutting tools attack, in 8. -

  consequence, the wall portions which subsequently limit

  the gallery, with a very small depth of engagement, so that the walls of the tunnel

  have an extremely precise shape.

  FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment, in a side elevational view, of a machine capable of executing

  the working phases according to Figures 3 to 5. The representative

  tation corresponds to that of Figure 5b, that is to say that the arm 7 is in its extreme position lying on

  the center axis of the gallery, after he executed his

  inwardly around the eccentric 15. the eccentric

  that on the eccentric shaft 17 is then, like the

  Figure 4, facing forward. The bearing consoles connected to the arm 7, are designated by the reference 7a. The

  Corresponding brackets of the arm 8 are shown at 8a.

  Due to the position of the eccentric shaft, they are

  wind farther back. Arm 8 is not visible

in this figure.

  In order to obtain a movement back and forth

  given arms 7 and 8 not connected together, the cylinders hy-

  10 are connected to a control installation which

  ensures essentially synchronized movement of the arms.

  As can be seen from the above, the machine

  according to the invention, can be used in many ways.

  If, for example, it is equipped with only one arm,

  case the training consists for example of a hydraulic cylinder

  With a rack mechanism, the arm is longer than half the width of the machine frame, it is possible to make different widths of galleries, assuming that the frame can be mounted in wider galleries. . The width of the gallery then depends solely on the angle at which the arm can be pivoted, around its median position directed towards the front,

towards the sides.

  In the case of use of two arms, these, like 9. -

  shown in Figure 2, may, for example, be

  bound together rigidly at an angle of 90 degrees.

  The two sets of tools 9 are then permanently engaged

  this with the tunnel face. In the case where, on the other hand, the nature of the rock requires a cutting scheme, as

  shown in Figure 5, the two arms of the

  they are mounted, independently of each other, on the ex-

centric adjustable position.

  The embodiment of machine shown in Figures 7a and 7b also makes it possible to make effective, alternately on the face of size, the tool groups 9a and 9b, arranged offset from each other by 90 degrees. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 7a, each disc chisel 9a and 9b is disposed at the end of a piston rod 18a and

  18b whose pistons 19a and 19b are sliding in cy-

  Hydraulic lndres provided in the tool holder 6o Avant

  or at the beginning of the pivoting movement of the

  6, out of the position of Figure 7a, to the position

  of FIG. 7b, the piston 19b is loaded with the hydraulic fluid

  hydraulic, so that the disc scissors 19b are pressed against the rock to be cut down. Simultaneously, tool 9a

  is moved back from his working position by a cor-

counterpart opposite the piston 19a.

  When the tool support 6 has reached the position according to FIG. 7b, the tool 9a is moved and brought into position.

  working position, and the tool 9b is moved back from its position

  working conditions. This is produced by an appropriate charge

  pistons 19a and 19b with the hydraulic fluid. advantageously

  This hydraulic fluid action allows a precise adjustment and limitation of the cutting pressure. The case

  appropriate, the two groups of tools may be brought simultaneously

  in the working position when the rock allows it.

  A similar solution for a device intended to

  alternating application of tool groups, is represented by

  in Figures 8a and 8b. However, with this solution, 2e55c55 10. -

1 O. _

  Simultaneous work with both tool groups is not possible. According to FIG. 8a, the disc scissors 9 are disposed on each of the lateral ends of an oscillating beam 21, which is fixed on the tool support 6, to pivot about the hinge pin 22. Between the 21 and the tool support 6 are mounted hydraulic positioning cylinders which are articulated at 26 on the tool support 6. The piston rods, directed outwards,

  pistons 23a and 24a guided in the cylinders, are

  abutments at 25 on the oscillating beam 21.

  At the beginning of the work rate following the figure

  8a, the piston 23b is loaded with the hydraulic fluid, tan

  say that the piston 23a is unloaded. The tool at

  right in the figure therefore attacks the rock, when

  that the tool support 6 is pivoted with the beam 21 in the

  opposite to that of the clockwise, in the posi-

  shown in Figure 8b. The piston 23a is then

  charged by the hydraulic fluid and the piston 23b is discharged

  gen. Thus, by a small pivoting of the beam 21 relative to the tool support 6, the tool 9 which is on the left is

  brought into the working position, while the tool which is

  right is in the rest position.

2t5_55S

1 1. -

Claims (10)

R E V E N D I C A T I ONS   1.- feller-loader machine for the progressive digging of tunnels with a tool holder equipped with cutting tools and moved by a drive, machine characterized in that the tool carrier (6) consists of   at least one arm (7) supported to pivot on a vertical axis   cal (5), on which the cutting tools (9) are arranged on   along a line that corresponds to a lateral half of the   wire of the gallery to be made, the tool support (6) being connected to a drive which communicates a movement of pivoting back and forth.   2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool holder can rotate back and forth on an angle of about 180 degrees.   3.- Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool carrier (6) consists of two arms (7, 8) equipped with tools (9), which enclose between them an angle of about 90 degrees and who are moveable in va and   comes on an angle of about 90 degrees, using the pivotally (10).   4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the two arms (7, 8) are pivotally supported on eccentrics (15, 16) offset by 180 degrees from one another.   eccentric shaft (17) which is itself rotatable on 180 degrees sandstone.   5. Machine according to claim 4, characterized   in that the sum of the eccentricities (E) of the two eccentric   (15, 16) corresponds to the notching depth of the tils (9) in the rock.   6.- Machine according to any one of the claims   1 to 5, characterized in that the drive for the tool support arms (7, 8) consists of cylinders hydraulic double acting (10).   7- Machine according to any one of the claims   1 to 3, characterized in that the tools (9, 9a, 9b) are arranged on the tool support (6) so as to be able to   brought into or out of the work position.   8.- Machine according to any one of the claims   1 to 3, characterized in that devices, piston-   cylinder, actuated by hydraulic fluid, are provided for position the tools (9, 9a, 9b).   9. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the tools (9a, 9b) are fixed on piston rods (18a, 18b) of pistons (19a, 19b) actuated in expansion.   or retraction by hydraulic fluid.   10. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the tools (9) are arranged on an oscillating beam.   (21) and for the angular positioning of this scourge by   to the tool carrier (6) are provided, between tool holders (6) and flail (21), articulated piston-cylinder units (23a, 23b). at each of their ends.