FR2554488A2

FR2554488A2 - Method for converting a truss and truss elements with a view to implementing this method

Info

Publication number: FR2554488A2
Application number: FR8317847A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: GARY JEAN
Current assignee: GARY JEAN
Priority date: 1981-12-22
Filing date: 1983-11-04
Publication date: 1985-05-10

Abstract

This method is particularly characterised in that: - the part 6a or 6b of the rafters 6 or 7 spanning from the roof ridge to the vicinity of the beams 15 is removed from all the corresponding small girders 2 over at least a certain length of the truss 1, in order to keep only a part 6b or 7b of these rafters having a length which is sufficient to bear, on the one hand, on the façade wall 3 or 4 and, on the other hand on the beam 15; - the beams 15 or members in their vicinity are made to support the lower ends 48, 49 of a new small-girder structure 50 which raises the roof ridge and each of the feet 48, 49 of which are fixed on at least one of the parts namely the coulisse and the remaining portions 6b, 7b of the rafter. Application to the building industry.

Description

Le brevet principal se rapporte à un procédé de transformati on d'une charpente et aux éléments de charpente en vue de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. The main patent relates to a process for transforming a frame and to the frame elements with a view to implementing this process.

Ce procédé s'applique à la transformation des charpentes de combles dits non aménageables afin de néanmoins permettre de les aménager. This process applies to the transformation of so-called non-convertible attic frameworks in order to nevertheless allow them to be fitted out.

Selon le procédé, objet du brevet principal, avant retrait des éléments de triangulation supportant chaque arbalétrier
- tout d'abord on fixe entre cet arbalétrier et l'entrait d'au moins plusieurs fermettes une coulisse verticale,
- dans le même temps, on engage dans les dites coulisses des poutres que l'on a préalablement scindées en plusieurs tronçons et on scelle dans chacun des murs pignons l'une des extrémités de la poutre dont on relie les tronçons par des moyens de liaison sous chacun desquels on a fixé un poinçon,
- ensuite, on saisit la base de chacun des poinçons par l'une des extrémités de deux tirants ou plus dont, au moins indirectement, on relie les autres extrémités à celles des tronçons de poutre situés de part et d'autre du poinçon considéré,
- enfin, on fait agir les tirants qui, à leur tour, agiront sur leur poinçon avec lequel ils forment une triangulation pour qu'ils soutiennent la poutre et lui donnent une légère contre flèche qui lui permettra alors, au moins indirectement de soutenir à la fois les arbalétriers et tant la toiture que le futur plancher qui sera suspendu à la poutre, ce qui permettra alors la dépose de la triangulation initiale devenue inutile puis l'habillage du comble.According to the process, subject of the main patent, before removal of the triangulation elements supporting each crossbowman
- first of all, a vertical slide is fixed between this crossbowman and the entrance to at least several farmhouses,
- At the same time, we engage in said slides beams that have been previously divided into several sections and we seal in each of the gable walls one of the ends of the beam whose sections are connected by connecting means under each of which a punch has been fixed,
- then, the base of each of the punches is grasped by one of the ends of two or more tie rods of which, at least indirectly, the other ends are connected to those of the beam sections located on either side of the punch considered,
- finally, the tie rods are made to act which, in turn, will act on their punch with which they form a triangulation so that they support the beam and give it a slight counter-arrow which will then allow it, at least indirectly to support the both the crossbowmen and both the roof and the future floor which will be suspended from the beam, which will then allow the removal of the initial triangulation become useless and then the dressing of the roof.

Dans la majorité des charpentes, la hauteur du faîte du toit par rapport au plancher est assez importante pour que le procédé donne toute satisfaction. In most frames, the height of the roof ridge from the floor is large enough for the process to be satisfactory.

Toutefois, certaines charpentes n'ont pas à l'origine une hauteur suffisante pour malgré un retrait de la triangulation initiale d'au moins plusieurs fermettes dégager un volume habitable. However, some frames did not originally have a sufficient height so that, despite a withdrawal of the initial triangulation of at least several small farms, release a habitable volume.

Un résultat que la présente addition vise à obtenir est de rendre aménageable ces combles dont à l'origine la charpente a une hauteur trop faible pour qu'ils soient habitables
A cet effet, elle a pour objet un procédé de transforma -tion d'une charpente notamment caractérisé en ce que
- au moins sur une certaine longueur de la charpente on supprime sur toutes les fermettes correspondantes, la partie des arbalétriers allant du faîte du toit, jusqu'à proximité des poutres pour ne préserver qu'une partie de ces arbalétriers de longueur suffisante pour appuyer d'une part sur le mur de façade et d'autre part sur la poutre,
- on appuie sur les poutres ou leur proximité les extrémités inférieures d'une nouvelle structure de fermettes rehaussant le faite du toit dont on fixe chacun des pieds sur au moins l'une des pièces que sont la coulisse et les fractions restantes de l'arbalatrier.One result which the present addition aims to obtain is to make suitable these roof spaces whose originally the frame has a too low height so that they are habitable
To this end, it relates to a process for transforming a frame, in particular characterized in that
- at least over a certain length of the frame, the part of the rafters going from the roof ridge, up to the beams, is removed from all the corresponding farmhouses, so as to preserve only a part of these rafters of sufficient length to support d 'on the one hand on the front wall and on the other hand on the beam,
- we press on the beams or their proximity the lower ends of a new structure of small farmhouses raising the roof made of which we fix each of the feet on at least one of the pieces that are the slide and the remaining fractions of the crossbowman .

Elle a également pour objet les éléments de charpente en vue de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. It also relates to the structural elements for the implementation of this process.

Elle sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente schématiquement
- figure 1 : une fermette transformée,
- figure 2 : un détail de cette fermette
En se reportant au dessin, on comprend que la charpente 1 est formée d'une série de fermettes 2 dont une seule est visible au dessin.It will be clearly understood with the aid of the description below, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached drawing which schematically represents
- Figure 1: a transformed farmhouse,
- Figure 2: a detail of this farmhouse
Referring to the drawing, it is understood that the frame 1 is formed of a series of small farms 2, only one of which is visible in the drawing.

Elles sont placées à faible distance les unes des autres et s'étendent d'un mur de façade 3 à un autre 4. They are placed a short distance from each other and extend from one front wall 3 to another 4.

Sur ces fermettes 2 prend appui la toiture (non représentée). On these farmhouses 2 is supported the roof (not shown).

Elles comprennent principalement un "entrait" 5 qui se présente sous la forme d'une poutre horizontale reliant les murs de façade 3, 4 et deux "arbalétriers" 6, 7 qui se présentent sous la forme de poutres inclinées pour, depuis le niveau supérieur des murs de façade s'élever jusqu'au faîte du toit. They mainly include an "entry" 5 which is in the form of a horizontal beam connecting the front walls 3, 4 and two "rafters" 6, 7 which are in the form of inclined beams for, from the upper level front walls rise up to the roof ridge.

La charge du toit sollicite en flexion ces arbalétriers 6, 7 qui doivent donc être soutenus. The roof load biases these rafters 6, 7 which must therefore be supported.

A cet effet, avant transformation du comble non aménageable, les arbalétriers 6, 7 sont reliés à l'entrait 5 par des éléments 8, 9, 10, il formant une triangulation et barrant le volume du comble. To this end, before transformation of the non-convertible attic, the rafters 6, 7 are connected to the entrance 5 by elements 8, 9, 10, it forming a triangulation and barring the volume of the attic.

Pour que ce comble soit aménageable, au moins dans la zone centrale, cette triangulation doit donc être ôtée. For this attic to be convertible, at least in the central area, this triangulation must therefore be removed.

Pour ce faire, conformément au procédé décrit au brevet principal, avant retrait de la triangulation
- tout d'abord, et ce, à une distance des façades légèrement inférieure à celle des futures parois verticales du comble, on fixe entre l'arbalétrier 6 ou 7 et l'entrait 5 d'au moins plusieurs fermettes 2, et de préférence de toutes les fermettes 2, une coulisse verticale 12 formée par l'interstice entre deux pièces de bois ou acier 13, 14 dites "bracons", lesquelles pièces de bois ou acier sont fixées par l'une de leurs extrémités à l'entrait et par leur autre extrémité à l'arbalétrier correspondant ; cette fixation peut bien entendu s'opérer par tout moyen connu tel que clouage, vissage, agrafage, rivetage, boulonnage ou même soudure dans le cas de fermettes métalliques,
- dans le même temps, on apporte dans le comble et on engage, dans les coulisses 12, des poutres 15 que l'on a préalablement scindées en plusieurs tronçons , chacun de dimensions réduites en fonction des possibilités d'accés, et on scelle dans chacun des murs pignons l'une des extrémités de la poutre 15 dont on relie entre eux, bout à bout, les tronçons par des moyens de liaison (non représentés) sous chacun desquels on fixe un poinçon 25,
- ensuite, on saisit la base de chacun des poinçons 25 par l'une des extrémités de deux tirants ou plus dont directement ou indirectement on relie les autres extrémités aux extrémités des tronçons de poutre situés de part et d'autre du poinçon considéré,
- enfin, sous le contrôle éventuel de repères tracés sur au moins certaines des fermettes à l'aide d'un cordeau témoin tendu entre les pignons, on agit sur les tirants qui, à leur tour, agiront sur leur poinçon avec lequel ils forment une triangulation pour que le poinçon soutienne la poutre et lui donne une légère contre flèche qui lui permettra -alors de soutenir, directement ou indirectement, à la fois les arbalétriers 6, 7 et tant la toiture que le futur plancher 40 qui sera suspendu à la dite poutre 15,
- dès que cette légère contreflèche a été acquise et que de ce fait la toiture s'est levée d'au moins quelques millimètres, éventuellement, après un renforcement immédiat du plancher, on dépose les éléments 8, 9, 10, 11 de la triangulation initiale qui sont devenus inutiles.To do this, in accordance with the method described in the main patent, before removing the triangulation
- first of all, and at a distance from the facades slightly less than that of the future vertical walls of the roof space, between the crossbowman 6 or 7 and the entrance 5, at least several farmhouses 2 are fixed, and preferably of all the farms 2, a vertical slide 12 formed by the gap between two pieces of wood or steel 13, 14 called "bracons", which pieces of wood or steel are fixed by one of their ends to the tie and by their other end to the corresponding crossbowman; this fixing can of course be carried out by any known means such as nailing, screwing, stapling, riveting, bolting or even welding in the case of metal closures,
- At the same time, we bring in the roof and we engage, behind the scenes 12, beams 15 that have previously been divided into several sections, each of reduced dimensions according to the possibilities of access, and we seal in each of the gable walls one of the ends of the beam 15, the sections of which are connected together, end to end, by connecting means (not shown) under each of which a punch 25 is fixed,
- then, the base of each of the punches 25 is grasped by one of the ends of two or more tie rods, the other ends of which are connected directly or indirectly to the ends of the sections of beam located on either side of the punch considered,
- finally, under the possible control of markers traced on at least some of the farms using a witness line stretched between the gables, we act on the tie rods which, in turn, will act on their punch with which they form a triangulation so that the punch supports the beam and gives it a slight counter-arrow which will allow it -then to support, directly or indirectly, both the rafters 6, 7 and both the roof and the future floor 40 which will be suspended from said beam 15,
- as soon as this slight jib has been acquired and the roof has therefore risen by at least a few millimeters, possibly, after an immediate reinforcement of the floor, the elements 8, 9, 10, 11 of the triangulation are deposited initial that have become useless.

Par contre, les coulisses verticales 12 seront laissées sur place pour éviter tout déplacement latéral de la poutre et de son système de mise sous tension. On the other hand, the vertical slides 12 will be left in place to avoid any lateral displacement of the beam and its tensioning system.

D'ailleurs, elles pourront avantageusement servir ensuite d'une part comme support du matériau utilisé pour l'habillage des parois verticales de la pièce à aménager, tel des plaques de plâtre, contreplaqué, aggloméré, frisette, etc ... et, d'autre part, pour soutenir, si besoin est, une traverse 38 qui recevra les renforts 39 du plancher 40. Moreover, they can advantageously then be used on the one hand as a support for the material used for covering the vertical walls of the room to be fitted out, such as plasterboard, plywood, chipboard, frieze, etc ... and, d on the other hand, to support, if necessary, a cross member 38 which will receive the reinforcements 39 from the floor 40.

Il se peut toutefois que la hauteur "H" du faîte du toit soit trop faible pour, avec la seule dépose des éléments 8, 9, 10, 11 de triangulation, autoriser une utilisation du comble, ce qui nécessite une hauteur au moins égale à cent quatre vingt centimètres et même de préférence d'au moins deux mètres. However, it is possible that the height "H" of the roof ridge is too small to, with the simple removal of the triangulation elements 8, 9, 10, 11, authorize the use of the roof space, which requires a height at least equal to one hundred and eighty centimeters and even preferably at least two meters.

Dans ce cas, selon une caractéristique du procédé, objet du présent certificat d'addition
- au moins sur une certaine longueur de la charpente 1, on supprime sur toutes les fermettes 2 correspondantes, la partie 6a ou 7a des arbalétriers 6 ou 7 allant du faîte du toit, jusqu'à proximité des poutres 15 pour ne préserver qu'une partie 6b ou 7b de ces arbalétriers de longueur suffisante pour appuyer d'une part sur le mur de façade 3 ou 4 et d'autre part sur la poutre 15,
- on appuie sur les poutres 15 ou leur proximité les extrémités inférieures 48, 49 d'une nouvelle structure 50 de fermettes rehaussant le faîte du toit dont on fixe chacun des pieds 48, 49 sur au moins l'une des pièces que sont la coulisse et les fractions restantes 6bs 7b de l'arbalétrier.In this case, according to a characteristic of the process, subject of this addition certificate
- At least over a certain length of the frame 1, we remove on all the corresponding farmhouses 2, the part 6a or 7a of the rafters 6 or 7 going from the roof ridge, to near the beams 15 to preserve only one part 6b or 7b of these rafters of sufficient length to bear on the one hand on the front wall 3 or 4 and on the other hand on the beam 15,
- the beams 15 or their proximity are supported on the lower ends 48, 49 of a new structure 50 of small trusses raising the ridge of the roof, of which each of the legs 48, 49 is fixed on at least one of the pieces that are the slide and the remaining fractions 6bs 7b of the crossbowman.

Par exemple, on réalise la structure 50 par assemblage de deux faux arbalétriers 51, 52, dont on ajuste les longueurs de manière que leurs extrémités supérieures 53, 54 se rejoignent à une hauteur "H" suffisante pour que le comble soit utilisable et de préférence dans une position telle qu'ils forment entre eux un angle "A" sensiblement égal à quatre vingt dix degrés. For example, the structure 50 is produced by assembling two false rafters 51, 52, the lengths of which are adjusted so that their upper ends 53, 54 meet at a height "H" sufficient for the roof to be used and preferably in a position such that they form an angle "A" between them substantially equal to ninety degrees.

Dans un mode préféré, on relie les faux arbalétriers 51, 52 entre eux par un faux entrait 55 qui, de surcroît, recevra les éléments d'habillage du comble. In a preferred embodiment, the false crossbowmen 51, 52 are connected together by a false entry 55 which, in addition, will receive the trim elements of the roof.

Dans une variante de réalisation, on intègre un chassis de toit 56 dans les nouvelles structures 50, ce qui, outre l'éclairement, pourra présenter l'avantage de ramener la surface de la nouvelle toiture à celle de l'ancienne et évitera ainsi un apport d'éléments de couverture qui pourraient être dépareillés. In an alternative embodiment, a roof frame 56 is integrated into the new structures 50, which, in addition to the lighting, may have the advantage of reducing the surface of the new roof to that of the old one and thus avoid contribution of cover elements which could be mismatched.

Par rapport à d'autres procédés de surélévation de toiture déjà connus à ce jour, le procédé objet du présent certificat d'addition, présente du fait de son appui sur les poutres le grand avantage d'être totalement indépendant de la situation des murs de refends ou d'emplacement aptes à recevoir des piliers. Compared to other methods of raising the roof already known to date, the process which is the subject of this certificate of addition has the great advantage of being completely independent of the situation of the walls, due to its support on the beams. split or place suitable for receiving pillars.

De ce fait, la surélévation peut ne pas concerner toute la toiture. Therefore, the elevation may not affect the entire roof.

D'ailleurs selon une caractéristique de l'invention, on peut, au moins à l'une des extrémités de la charpente interrompre la transformation avant la dernière fermette de la dite charpente, ce qui permet alors d'éviter tout rehaussement du mur pignon ou rachat de la mitoyenneté. Moreover, according to a characteristic of the invention, it is possible, at least at one of the ends of the frame, to interrupt the transformation before the last truss of said frame, which then makes it possible to avoid any raising of the gable wall or buyout of joint ownership.

Claims

1. Method for transforming a frame (1) from an attic originally said to be non-convertible, in order nevertheless to make it possible to arrange them, which frames (1) each consist of a series of small farms (2) placed at a short distance from the one of the others which extend from one facade wall (3) to another (4) and which each mainly comprise an entry (5) which, to support the load of the roof which biases them in bending, are supported by elements (8, 9, 10, 11) forming a zriangulation, according to which transformation process, before depositing this triangulation

- first of all, and this, at a distance from the facades slightly less than that of the future vertical walls of the roof space, at least several farmhouses are fixed between the crossbowman (6, 7) and the entrance (5) 2), and preferably of all the farms (2), a vertical slide (12) formed by the gap between two pieces of wood (13, 14), which pieces of wood are fixed by one of their ends to the entry and by their other end to the corresponding crossbowman,

- at the same time, we bring in the roof and we engage, in the slides (12), beams (15) that have been previously divided into several sections, each of reduced dimensions according to the possibilities of access, and one of the ends of the beam (15) is sealed in each of the gable walls, the sections of which are connected together, end to end, by connection means under each of which a punch (25) is fixed,

- Then, the base of each of the punches (25) is grasped by one of the ends of two or more tie rods, the other ends of which are connected directly or indirectly to the ends of the sections of beam located on either side of the punch considered ,

- finally, under the possible control of markers, we act on the tie rods which, in turn, will act on their punch with which they form a triangulation so that the punch supports the beam and gives it a slight counter-arrow which will then allow it to support, directly or indirectly both the rafters (6, 7) and both the roof and the future floor (40) which will be suspended from said beam (15),

- as soon as this slight jib has been acquired and the roof has therefore risen by at least a few millimeters, possibly, after an immediate reinforcement of the floor, the elements (8, 9, 10, 11) of . the initial triangulation which have become useless, this process being CHARACTERIZED in that

- at least over a certain length of the frame (1) the part (6a or 7a) of the rafters (6 or 7) going from the roof ridge to the vicinity of the beams is removed on all the corresponding farmhouses (2) 15) to preserve only a part (6b or 7b)) of these rafters of sufficient length to press on the one hand on the front wall (3 or 4) and on the other hand on the beam (15),

- the beams (15) or their proximity are supported on the lower ends (48, 49) of a new structure (50) of small trusses raising the ridge of the roof, of which each of the legs (48, 49) is fixed on at least l 'one of the pieces that are the slide and the remaining fractions (6b 7b) of the crossbowman.

2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that to constitute the new structure (50) of farmhouses two false rafters (51, 52) whose lengths are adjusted so that their upper ends (53, 54) meet at a height (H) sufficient for the roof space to be usable.

3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the false crossbowmen are assembled (51, 52) in a position where they form between them an angle of approximately ninety degrees.

4. Method according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that the false crossbowmen (51, 52) are connected together using a false entry (55).

5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one integrates a roof frame (56) in the new structure (50).

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that at least at one of the ends of the frame (î) the transformation is interrupted before the last farm (2).

7. CARACTERISE frame element in that it is specially constituted for the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.