FR2552804A1 - PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR COATING WALLS, MANUFACTURING AND IMPLEMENTATION METHODS, AND TERRACOTTA PLATES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SAID PANELS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Prefabricated wall facing panel comprising the following means and characteristics in combination : (a) a plate (1) made of a thermally insulating material, (b) a number of rigid plates (3), of smaller size, secured to one of faces (1a) of the insulating plate, (c) an overlap projection (10) provided at one edge of every small plate (3) and a shape (11) matching said projection provided at the opposite edge, (d) the insulating plate (1) has several fixing grooves (8) hollowed out in advance directly within the insulating material of said plate opening out on its face (1a), (e) said fixing grooves (8) extend along parallel rows from one end to the other of the insulating plate and are separated between one another by a distance corresponding to the height of a small plate (3) less its overlap projection (10), (f) every small plate (3) has on one face (3a) a continuous fixing bar (9) extending along its entire width and having a section such as to enable it to penetrate under pressure into a fixing groove (8) of plate (1) owing to the elasticity of the insulating material, (g) every small plate (3) has on its face (3a) support zones situated at either side of the fixing bar (9), said support zones being designed to enter into supporting engagement with the insulating plate (1) when the fixing bar of the small plate is pressed into a fixing groove of said insulating plate, (h) the small plates (3) are arranged adjacent to one another with, ont the one hand, the overlap projection (10) of a small plate being in contact with the edge of matching shape (11) of the lower small plate, while, on the other hand, the lateral end face (3d) of a small plate is joined to the lateral end face of the adjacent small plate, (i) reserve zones (R) without small plates (3) are provided on plate (1) in order to enable the prefabricated panel to be secured to the wall which is to be lined.

Description

PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR WALL COVERING,

  METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION,

  AND TERRACOTTA PLATES FOR THE REALIZATION OF SAID PANELS

  The invention relates to prefabricated panels for coating walls, in particular buildings. It extends to a method of manufacturing said panels as well as to a method of implementing them with a view to coating the walls of buildings. The invention also relates, as such, to new terracotta plaques. specially designed for the production of said panels (and therefore proceeding from the same general inventive concept as the other elements of the invention).

  With the aim of increasing the insulation coefficient of buildings, it has become conventional to have, on the outside, insulating plates which are fixed to the walls by different means; these external insulation plates have the advantage of considerably increasing the thermal inertia of the buildings and their comfort qualities. These insulating plates must be dressed in order to protect them and to give the building a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. One method consists in spraying a coating on the external face of the plates after they have been put in place. However, the use of such a process is expensive and requires a large workforce In addition, experience has shown that the plasters thus installed age very quickly due to differential expansions which, being exerted on large surfaces, cause local detachments of coating with appearance of blisters, blisters or other surface defects In addition, such grainy surface coatings tend to catch dust and require regular maintenance.

  In an attempt to remedy the aforementioned faults, additional cladding systems have been designed, consisting of putting in place against the wall to be coated, a fastening frame which makes it possible to fix the thermal insulation first, then the covering slabs. outside; for example in the CSTB technical opinion n ° 7 / 82-198, a cladding is described

  of this type in which the framework comprises rafters and beams held by legs sealed in the wall, the thermal insulation consisting of a layer of glass wool and the exterior covering slabs by plates of reconstituted stones However, a such a system is relatively complex and requires a large workforce on site to assemble the various elements.

  Another solution described in patent application FR n 81 16386 published under n 2 512 094 consists in making factory prefabricated cladding panels, constituted by an insulating / outer skin complex, directly applicable on the wall to be coated In the application of the aforementioned patent, these panels comprise a plate of insulating material, on one face of which a sheet of plastic material has been stuck; at the edge of the insulating plate, the plastic sheet is shaped to allow an invisible fixing of the panel on the wall to be coated.

  Such panels benefit from a much simpler and faster installation than the above-mentioned cladding, especially if panels of large surfaces are used (which makes it possible to reduce the number and, therefore, to decrease the times of However, the non-traditional aesthetic appearance of the walls coated with such panels is unsatisfactory and recalls that of prefabricated type constructions, which are little appreciated by users This very serious defect in this technical sector considerably limits the development of this type of technique using prefabricated panels and, until now, a satisfactory solution has not been found allowing the prefabricated panels to benefit both, from a reduced cost, from a simple and rapid implementation and, once installed, of a traditional aesthetic (eliminating any idea of prefabricatiod.

  The present invention proposes to provide a solution to the problem of coating the walls of buildings (or other), which is free from the above-mentioned defects of known solutions.

  An objective of the invention is in particular to provide a new covering panel which combines the following qualities:

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  give the walls a traditional appearance with a very attractive aesthetic. condition an easy and quick implementation on site, benefit from excellent thermal insulation qualities,

  present a simple structure and a reduced cost price.

  To this end, the covering panel according to the invention comprises a plate of an insulating material, in particular of high density polystyrene, on one face of which is secured a plurality of ceramic plates arranged in contiguous positions with respect to the other.

  Conventionally, the insulating plate may be of generally rectangular shape, the terracotta plates, themselves of generally rectangular shape, of a smaller size, being arranged in several lines parallel to two of the sides of the insulating plate. of the same line are joined to each other, in particular by flat edges perpendicular to the direction of the lines, while the plates of a given line cooperate with the plates of the contiguous lines so as to overlap over a small height .

  According to another characteristic of the invention, each plate comprises on its face located in contact with the insulating plate, projecting hooking means penetrating by force into conjugate grooves formed on the corresponding face of the insulating plate parallel to the lines of plates These hooking means can in particular be constituted by a bar that each plate includes and which has a cross section adapted to that of the grooves of the insulating plate so as to be able to penetrate them by force.

  In addition, the plates thus hooked against the insulating plate are advantageously glued against the latter to ensure their final fixing.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the insulating plate of rectangular shape has on

  two contiguous edges, male interlocking structures and on the other two edges, conjugate female interlocking structures.

  According to a preferred embodiment, the covering panel has, in combination, the following characteristics :. the length of the insulating plate is adapted to correspond to an integer number of plates on a line, the plates of a line are paired in positions crossed with respect to the plates of the contiguous lines, the plates of a line on two are arranged so as to completely cover the length of the insulating plate,

  reservations without a wafer are preserved at the ends of the other lines, each reservation corresponding to the surface of a half-wafer.

  The panel according to the invention can be prefabricated in the factory at a reduced cost, by simple operations, consisting of:

  to produce terracotta plates, provided on one face with projecting hooking means ,. to produce a plate of insulating material, with a surface corresponding to that of a plurality of plates and provided on one face with several grooves arranged along parallel lines so as to allow the attachment of the plates in contiguous positions by introduction into force of their attachment means in said grooves ,. after gluing of the surface of the insulating plate and / or of the plates, applying each plate against the insulating plate by introducing its hooking means into a groove on the plate, and continuing the above operation for the other plates, plates of the same line being joined by their lateral edges, while the plates of two contiguous lines are caused to overlap partially.

  It should be noted that the positioning and

  the alignment of the plates on the surface of the insulating plate is carried out without template, simply by accommodating the means of attachment thereof in the grooves of the plate In addition, during the setting of the glue, the plates are maintained by their attachment means without the need to provide pressing devices.

  The implementation on site of the prefabricated panel according to the invention is reduced to simple and few operations, requiring only reduced labor It consists of: applying a panel against the wall. fixing said panel to said wall by means of fixing members put in place at the level of reservations without a plate ,. applying another panel against the wall in a position contiguous to the first, causing the interlocking structures of said panels to cooperate ,. fixing said panel as before and continuing the previous operations until covering the wall to be coated,

  and to set up additional plates at the level of the reservations of the panels, by gluing and introduction of their attachment means in the grooves of the insulation plates.

  A wall is thus obtained in which the junctions between panels are no longer apparent and which has the traditional and highly sought-after appearance of a terracotta wall.

  Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings which present by way of nonlimiting example an embodiment; on these drawings which form an integral part of the present description :. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an insulation plate from which will be made a covering panel according to the invention ,. FIG. 2 is a cross section of this insulation plate,

  Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a terracotta plate, designed for

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  manufacture of the covering panel according to the invention ,. FIG. 4 is a front view of said covering panel, FIG. 5 is a partial section through a transverse plane AA ′,

  finally FIG. 6 illustrates, in partial vertical section, the use of panels according to the invention for coating a wall.

  The covering panel shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 and 5 is produced in the factory from an insulation plate 1 as shown in the figures.

  1 and 2 and a plurality of terracotta plates 2, such as that shown in FIG. 3.

  The plate 1 is made of high density polystyrene foam, having in particular a dry density of between 35 and 40 kg / cm. This plate can in particular be made from extruded polystyrene plates, by cutting and machining Of course, it it is also possible to manufacture the plate 1 by a traditional molding process.

  As an indication, the plate 1 in the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped can have the following dimensions: thickness 5 cm, height 60 cm, length 120 cm,

covered area 0.72 m 2.

  Along two contiguous edges, the plate 1 is provided with interlocking ribs 4 and 5, while along the other two edges, it is provided with conjugated grooves 6 and 7 of

  In addition, on one side the / the plate 1, are formed several parallel grooves such as 8; these equidistant grooves extend parallel to the length of the plate and are in the example eight in number.

  Furthermore, the terracotta plates 3 of generally rectangular shape each have suitable dimensions to allow the plate 1 to be covered with an integer number of plates (in particular of the order of thirty). For example, the plates have a length equal to a quarter of that of plate 1 and a height equal to

  eighth of the height of said plate (the covering part of each plate not being taken into account in this height).

  Each plate 3 has, on one face 3 a, a projecting bar 9, which extends parallel to its largest dimension. In the example, this bar 9 has an enlarged head in the form of a sector of a circle, suitable for forcefully insert into one of the grooves 8 in the insulation plate 1.

  In addition, the face 3a of the plate has a recessed portion 3b, extending in the vicinity of its median axis, in order to allow ventilation in the finished panel.

  Along a longitudinal edge, the plate includes a covering spoiler 10 having a trapezoidal offset shape as illustrated in FIG. 3 and in FIGS. 5 and 6.

  The other longitudinal edge 11 of the plate has a trapezoidal shape combined with that of the spoiler 10, so that it can be inserted under said spoiler during the cooperation of two plates.

  In the vicinity of the edge 11, the face 3 c of the plate (face called to be visible) is provided with a notch 12, intended to form an apparent rebate at the junction of the plates. Beyond the notch 11, the face

  3 c is flat up to the end of the covering spoiler 10, the epidermis of this face being able to be smooth, sanded or torn off.

  In addition, the lateral edges 3 d of the plate are flat.

  The plates 3 can be made of terracotta by extrusion, in the traditional way (or also if necessary by pressing).

  The covering panel according to the invention is manufactured in the factory from an insulation plate 1 and from a plurality of plates 3 (28 in the example shown in FIG. 4).

  This panel is produced by placing beads of glue 13 on its face 1a and by applying the plates against this face with introduction of the bars 9 in the grooves 8 The plates of a line L are óI

  fitted in crossed positions relative to the plates of the contiguous lines L 'On one line out of two (L), the plates are arranged so as to cover the entire length of the plate 1, while on the other lines (L'), they are offset and preserve at the ends of said lines reservations R devoid of wafer With the exception of these reservations (each of area corresponding to that of a half-wafer), the entire plate 1 is covered with plates 3.

  The plates of the same line are joined together by their flat lateral edges 3 d, while the plates of a line have their spoiler 10 which are oriented downwards and come to cover the conjugate edges 11 of the plates of the line of below, the notches 12 forming rabbets F between the lines.

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the plates of one of the extreme lines (Li) (which will be placed in the lower part when the panel is installed) are positioned so that their covering spoiler 10 projects beyond the corresponding edge of the plate 1, while the plates of the opposite extreme line (Ls) (upper line) are arranged so that their edge 11 is flush with the corresponding edge of said plate.

  The cladding panels thus prefabricated in the factory are intended to clad wall walls, in particular of buildings.

  As illustrated in FIG. 6, the positioning of these panels consists in applying these panels against the wall M so that their interlocking ribs (4, 5) and grooves (6, 7) cooperate and the plates of the extreme lines (Li, Ls) overlap by their combined wood and edge.

  Each panel is fixed to the wall by means of four flat-headed dowels, such as 14, arranged in the four angle reservations R of the panel. In a conventional manner, the plates 1 can also be glued to the wall wall.

  The dressing is then finished by arranging between the panels in all reservations R of

  additional plates 3 ', identical to plates 3.

  These plates 3 'are glued as above, with the introduction of their bar in the grooves of the plates 1, 5 bars which ensure their maintenance during the setting of the glue.

  A traditional-looking wall is thus obtained where the junctions between panels disappear entirely and where only the terracotta plates remain apparent.

  The overlaps between plates 3 ensure good water tightness, while the interlocking of the insulation plates 1 prevent thermal leaks.

  In addition, the recessed portions 3b of the 15 plates provide between them and the insulation plates of the ventilation gaps allowing the elimination of

  traces of moisture on the surface of the plates.

  It should be noted that, in the event of failure of the bonding, the plates remain held on the plates 20 by their bars.

  It should be emphasized the ease and speed of implementation of the panels on site, coming in particular from the very limited number of complementary plates which are to be put in place after fixing the panels 25 (4 per panel) and the extreme simplicity of this positioning thanks to the holding bars (no pressing accessory).

Claims (16)

  1 / Prefabricated panel for coating walls, comprising a plate (1) made of an insulating material and characterized in that a plurality of terracotta plates (3) is secured in adjoining positions on one of the faces   (la) of said plate of insulating material.   2 / panel according to claim 1, wherein the insulating plate (1) is of generally rectangular shape, characterized in that the terracotta plates (3) of generally rectangular shape of a smaller format, are arranged in adjoining positions along several lines of plates (L, L '), themselves contiguous and parallel to two of the sides of the insulating plate.   3 / panel according to claim 2, characterized in that each plate (3) has on its face (3a) located in contact with the insulating plate (1), projecting hooking means (9), penetrating by force in conjugate grooves (8) formed on the corresponding face (la) of the insulating plate, parallel to the lines of plates.   4 / panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the attachment means of each plate are constituted by a bar (9), of section adapted to penetrate in force in the grooves (8) of the insulating plate and which s' extend parallel to the platelet lines.   / Panel according to one of the claims   3 or 4, characterized in that the plates (3) hooked against the insulating plate (1) by their attachment means (9) are glued to said plate, the glued side of each plate having a recessed portion (3 b ) devoid of glue in order to delimit an empty gap between the plate and the insulating plate.   6 / A panel according to one of claims 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that each terracotta plate (3) comprises, on an edge parallel to the lines of plates, a covering spoiler (10) and has, on its opposite edge (11) a conjugate shape of said spoiler, so that the spoilers (10) of the plates of a line cover the conjugate edges (11) of the plates of the contiguous line.   7 / panel according to claim 6,   characterized in that each plate (3) has a notch (12) in the vicinity of its edge (11) so as to form visible rebates (F) at the junction of the lines of plates.   8 / panel according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the height of the insulating plate   (1) is adapted to correspond to an integer number of lines of plates (L, L '), the plates of one of the extreme lines (Li) being arranged so that their covering spoiler (10) projects beyond the edge corresponding to the insulating plate (1), while the plates of the opposite end line (Ls) are arranged so that their edge (11) is flush with the corresponding edge of the insulating plate.   9 / Panel according to one of claims   2 ', 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the plates of the same line are joined to each other by flat edges (3 d), orthogonal to the lines of plates.   / Panel according to one of claims 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that :. the length of the insulating plate (1) is adapted to correspond to an integer number of plates (3) on a line,   the inserts of one line (L) are fitted in crossed positions relative to the inserts of the contiguous lines (L '), the inserts of every other line (L) are arranged so as to completely cover the length of the insulating plate ,   reservations (R) without a plate are preserved at the ends of the other lines (L '), each reservation corresponding to the surface of a half-plate.   11 / Panel according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.9 or loparactérisé in that-the insulating plate (1), of rectangular shape, has structures on two contiguous edges male interlocking (4, 5) and on the other two edges, female interlocking structures (6, 7).   12 / Panel according to one of the claims 12 2552804   above, in which the insulating plate (1) is made of polystyrene foam with a dry density between and 40 kg / m 3.   13 / A method of manufacturing a panel according to claim 3, characterized in that it consists: In making terracotta plates (3), provided on one face with projecting hooking means (9), producing a plate (1) made of an insulating material, with a surface corresponding to that of a plurality of plates (3) and provided on one face (la) with several grooves (8) arranged along parallel lines, so as to allow the attachment of the plates (3) in adjoining positions by force-fitting of their attachment means   (9) in said grooves (8) ,. after gluing the surface of the insulating plate (1) and / or the plates (3), to apply each plate (3) against the insulating plate (1) by inserting its hooking means (9) in a groove (8 ) of the plate ,. and to continue the aforementioned operation for the other plates (3), the plates of the same line being joined by their lateral edges, while the plates of two contiguous lines are caused to overlap partially.   14 / manufacturing method according to claim 13, characterized in that the pads of a line (L) are paired in crossed positions relative to the pads of the contiguous lines (L ') and in that one preserves at the ends d 'every other line (L') of reservations   (R) devoid of wafer, the entire insulating plate (1) being covered with wafers (3) with the exception of these reservations.   / Terracotta plate for the production of panels according to one of the claims   1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises, on one face (3a) projecting hooking means (9), constituted in particular by a bar.   16 / Terracotta plaque according to the 13 2552804   claim 15, of generally rectangular shape, characterized in that it comprises, on one edge, a covering spoiler (10) and has, on the opposite edge (11), a conjugate shape of said spoiler, capable of being inserted under said spoiler during the cooperation of two plates.   17 / Terracotta plate according to claim 16, characterized in that it has a notch (12) in the vicinity of its edge (11).   18 / plate according to one of claims 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the face (3 a) provided with attachment means (9) has a recessed portion (3 b), extending in particular to near the center line of the insert.   19 / A method of coating a building wall by means of panels in accordance with claims 3,   and 11 taken together, characterized in that it consists in: applying a panel against the wall, in fixing said panel on said wall by means of fixing members (14) placed at the level of reservations (R) devoid of brochure ,. applying another panel against the wall in a position contiguous to the first by causing the interlocking structures (4, 5, 6, 7) of said panels to cooperate ,. fixing said panel as before and continuing the previous operations until covering the wall to be coated,   and to put in place additional plates (3 ') at the level of the reservations (R) of the panels, by gluing and introduction of their attachment means (9) in the grooves (8) of the insulation plates.   / A coating method according to claim 19, characterized in that the fastening members (14) of the panels are constituted by dowels with flat heads and are arranged four in number per panel in the angle reservations of each panel,