FR2550993A1 - LAMINATED CARDBOARD - Google Patents
LAMINATED CARDBOARD Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2550993A1 FR2550993A1 FR8412867A FR8412867A FR2550993A1 FR 2550993 A1 FR2550993 A1 FR 2550993A1 FR 8412867 A FR8412867 A FR 8412867A FR 8412867 A FR8412867 A FR 8412867A FR 2550993 A1 FR2550993 A1 FR 2550993A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- central layer
- layers
- pulp
- surface layers
- cardboard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100031260 Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000638510 Homo sapiens Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000193463 Picea excelsa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008124 Picea excelsa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
- B32B2439/62—Boxes, cartons, cases
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN CARTON STRATIFIE QUI EST TRES RIGIDE ET SE PRETE BIEN AU RAINURAGE, QUI NE COMMUNIQUE PAS D'ODEUR NI DE GOUT INDESIRABLES AUX ALIMENTS LIQUIDES ET QUI EST FORME D'AU MOINS TROIS COUCHES. SELON L'INVENTION, LE CARTON COMPREND AU MOINS UNE COUCHE CENTRALE DE MATIERE CELLULOSIQUE AYANT UN GRAND BOUFFANT, C'EST-A-DIRE UNE FAIBLE MASSE VOLUMIQUE ET DE CHAQUE COTE DE LA OU DES COUCHES CENTRALES, DES COUCHES SUPERFICIELLES DE PLUS GRANDE RESISTANCE ET DE PLUS GRANDE DUCTILITE QUE LA OU LES COUCHES CENTRALES, LE ROLE PRINCIPAL DE LA OU DES COUCHES CENTRALES ETANT DE MAINTENIR ESPACEES LES COUCHES SUPERFICIELLES, DONNANT AINSI AU CARTON STRATIFIE UNE COMBINAISON DE PROPRIETES QUI EST DESIRABLE, SPECIALEMENT POUR LES RECIPIENTS A FERMETURE PIGNON.THE INVENTION CONCERNS A LAMINATED CARDBOARD THAT IS VERY RIGID AND SUITABLE FOR GROOVING, THAT DOES NOT COMMUNICATE AN UNDESIRABLE ODOR OR TASTE TO LIQUID FOODS AND THAT IS AT LEAST THREE LAYERED. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, THE CARDBOARD INCLUDES AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL LAYER OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL HAVING LARGE FLUSH, THAT IS A LOW VOLUME MASS AND EACH SIDE OF THE CENTRAL LAYER (S), SUPERIOR LAYERS OF HIGHER RESISTANCE AND OF GREATER DUCTILITY THAN THE CENTRAL LAYER (S), THE MAIN ROLE OF THE CENTRAL LAYER (S) BEING MAINTAINED SPACING THE SURFACE LAYERS, GIVING THE LAMINATED CARTON A COMBINATION OF PROPERTIES THAT IS DESIRABLE, ESPECIALLY FOR CONTAINERS.
Description
L'invention concerne un carton stratifié qui est très rigide et se prête bien au rainurage et qui ne communique pas d'odeur ni de goût indésirables aux aliments liquides, le stratifié comprenant au moins trois couches. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un carton stratifié destiné à servir pour des récipients à liquides, spécialement des récipients dits à fermeture pignon. Les récipients, qui sont vendus sous les marques déposées Tetra Rex et Pure Pak sont des exemples de récipients à fermeture pignon. The invention relates to a laminated cardboard which is very rigid and suitable for grooving and which does not impart an undesirable odor or taste to liquid foods, the laminate comprising at least three layers. More specifically, the invention relates to a laminated cardboard intended to be used for containers for liquids, especially so-called gable-closing containers. The containers, which are sold under the registered trademarks Tetra Rex and Pure Pak, are examples of gable-top containers.
Les récipients en carton pour liquides sont actuellement fabriqués principalement en partant de pate au sulfate blanchie. Cette matière convient très bien aux récipients mais elle est coûteuse étant donné la grande depense de matière première nécessaire. Les récipients destinés à d'autres produits que des liquidessont souvent fabriqués en partant de matières composites dont on a augmenté la rigidité par stratification, ondulation ou autrement et dans certains cas, on a utilisé aussi ces principes pour la fabrication de récipients à liquides. Toutefois on n'a pas utilisé ces types de matières pour les récipients à fermeture pignon, car ils n'ont pas les qualités nécessaires à cet effet.On connaît aussi des cartons stratifiés, par exemple pour boîtes pliantes, dans lesquelles une couche centrale de pâte mécanique et/ou de pâte thermomécanique est couverte par des couches superficielles de pâte chimique blanchie. Cardboard containers for liquids are currently manufactured mainly from bleached sulphate paste. This material is very suitable for containers but it is expensive given the large expense of raw material required. Containers intended for products other than liquids are often made from composite materials whose stiffness has been increased by lamination, corrugation or otherwise and in some cases these principles have also been used for the manufacture of liquid containers. However, these types of material have not been used for gable-top containers, since they do not have the qualities necessary for this purpose. Laminated cartons, for example for folding boxes, in which a central layer of mechanical pulp and / or thermomechanical pulp is covered by surface layers of bleached chemical pulp.
Toutefois, ces matières ne peuvent pas non plus être acceptées pour l'utilisation avec des aliments liquides, spécialement pour le lait, l'eau minérale, etc..However, these materials also cannot be accepted for use with liquid foods, especially for milk, mineral water, etc.
Le but de l'invention est de fournir un carton stratifié qui soit une bonne matière pour les récipients parce qu'il s'agit d'un carton homogène entièrement blanchi mais qui fait un usage plus efficace de la fibre de bois. En particulier, l'invention vise à fournir un carton stratifié pour récipients dits à fermeture pignon qui exigent une matière ayant une bonne aptitude au rainurage, des surfaces planes et n'ayant ni goût ni odeur. The object of the invention is to provide a laminated cardboard which is a good material for the containers because it is a homogeneous cardboard entirely bleached but which makes more efficient use of the wood fiber. In particular, the invention aims to provide a laminated carton for so-called gable-closing containers which require a material having good grooving ability, flat surfaces and having neither taste nor odor.
Ces buts ainsi que d'autres peuvent être atteints si la matière présente au moins une couche centrale d'une ma tière cellulosique ayant un grand bouffant, c'est-à-dire une faible masse volumique, qui a aussi une bonne aptitude au rainurage et au pliage et, de chaque côté de la ou des couches centrales, des couches superficielles de matière cellulosique ayant une résistance considérablement supérieure à celle de la ou des couches centrales. Le principal rôle de la ou des couches centrales est de maintenir espacées les couches superficielles en donnant au carton stratifié des propriétés qui sont désirables en particulier pour les récipients à fermeture pignon. Plus spécialement, la ou les couches centrales sont formées d'un mélange comprenant principalement de la pâte thermomécanique modifiée chimiquement, appelée CTMP, et de la pâte au sulfate blanchie.Les couches superficielles doivent être formées de pâte au sulfate blanchie, de préférence de pâte au sulfate à longues fibres. These and other aims can be achieved if the material has at least one central layer of cellulosic material having a large bulk, that is to say a low density, which also has good grooving ability. and folding and, on each side of the central layer or layers, surface layers of cellulosic material having a resistance considerably greater than that of the central layer or layers. The main role of the central layer (s) is to keep the surface layers spaced apart, giving the laminated board properties which are desirable, in particular for gable-top containers. More specifically, the central layer or layers are formed from a mixture comprising mainly thermomechanical pulp chemically modified, called CTMP, and bleached sulphate pulp. The surface layers must be formed from bleached sulphate pulp, preferably pulp long fiber sulfate.
"Pâte au sulfate à longues fibres" désigne une pâte de bois de conifères ayant une longueur moyenne de fibres d'au moins 2 mm."Long fiber sulphate pulp" means a coniferous wood pulp with an average fiber length of at least 2 mm.
La masse volumique de la ou des couches centrales doit être de 550 à 700 kg/m3, de préférence de 575 à 675 kg/m3 tandis que celle des couches superficielles doit être de 640 à 750 kg/m3, de préférence de 660 à 720 kg/m3. En outre, la ou les couches centrales doivent contenir 30 à 7096, de préférence 40 à 60% en poids de CTMP, le reste étant principalement de la pâte au sulfate à longues fibres blanchie. The density of the central layer (s) must be 550 to 700 kg / m3, preferably 575 to 675 kg / m3 while that of the surface layers must be 640 to 750 kg / m3, preferably 660 to 720 kg / m3. In addition, the central layer or layers must contain 30 to 7096, preferably 40 to 60% by weight of CTMP, the remainder being mainly bleached long fiber sulphate pulp.
Afin d'obtenir les meilleures propriétés possibles du produit, par exemple d'empêcher le carton de se cliver, il faut que la pâte de la ou des couches centrales soit formée au moins en partie de pâte qui a été raffinée davantage, en comparaison de la pâte au sulfate des couches superficielles, cette partie jouant un rôle de renforcement de la pâte du carton. Plus précisément,' il est approprié que cette fraction de renforcement constitue 5 à 20X de la masse totale de la ou des couches centrales et soit raffinée jusqu 'à une résistance a' l'égouttage d'au moins 600 SR, de préférence de 70 à 800 SR, tandis que la pâte au sulfate des couches superficielles doit être raffinée jusqu'à 20 à 300 SR, de préférence 22 à 280 SR. In order to obtain the best possible properties of the product, for example to prevent the cardboard from cleaving, the pulp of the central layer or layers must be formed at least in part of pulp which has been further refined, in comparison with the sulphate pulp of the surface layers, this part playing a role of strengthening the pulp of the cardboard. More specifically, it is appropriate that this reinforcing fraction constitutes 5 to 20X of the total mass of the central layer or layers and is refined until a resistance to dripping of at least 600 SR, preferably 70 at 800 SR, while the sulphate paste of the surface layers must be refined up to 20 to 300 SR, preferably 22 to 280 SR.
Les différents types de pâte constituant les différentes couches contiennent aussi de la colle, de l'amidon et des agents de rétention, dont les types et les quantités sont bien connus dans la technique. Le grammage total de la 2 matière peut varier entre 200 et 400 g/m
D'autres caractéristiques et aspect de l'invention apparaîtront ci-après dans la description d'un mode d'exécution préférentiel.The different types of dough making up the different layers also contain glue, starch and retention agents, the types and amounts of which are well known in the art. The total grammage of the 2 material can vary between 200 and 400 g / m
Other characteristics and aspects of the invention will appear below in the description of a preferred embodiment.
On a fabriqué le carton stratifié selon les modes d' exécution préférentiels avec des grammages de 255 et 310g/m . The laminated cardboard was produced according to the preferred embodiments with weights of 255 and 310 g / m.
Dans les deux cas, l'une des couches superficielles (la couche extérieure) avait un grammage de 70 g/m2 et l'autre (la 2 couche intérieure) un grammage de 50 g/m . Les couches su- perficielles étaient formées de pâte au sulfate à longues fibres blanchie, raffinée à 240 SR (valeur désirée) et ayant
3 une masse volumique d'environ 690 kg/m3 (valeur moyenne). In both cases, one of the surface layers (the outer layer) had a basis weight of 70 g / m2 and the other (the 2 inner layer) a basis weight of 50 g / m. The surface layers were made of bleached long fiber sulphate pulp, refined to 240 SR (desired value) and having
3 a density of approximately 690 kg / m3 (average value).
La couche centrale était formée d'environ 45 de CTNP et 55 de pâte au sulfate à longues fibres blanchie, dont la matière première était un mélange de bois de conifères nordiques (Pinus silvestris et abies Picea). La couche centrale contenait environ 10% (sur la masse totaleEde la couche centrale) de pâte de renforcement raffinée à 750 SR (valeur désirée). La masse volumique de la couche centrale était
3 d'environ 625 kg/m3 (valeur moyenne) La valeur moyenne de la résistance à l'égouttage de la couche centrale était de 300 SR (valeur désirée). La matière première de la CTMP était le bois de abies Picea. The central layer consisted of about 45 CTNP and 55 of bleached long-fiber sulphate pulp, the raw material of which was a mixture of Nordic coniferous wood (Pinus silvestris and Abies Picea). The central layer contained approximately 10% (of the total mass of the central layer) of refined reinforcement paste at 750 SR (desired value). The density of the central layer was
3 of about 625 kg / m3 (average value) The average value of the drip resistance of the central layer was 300 SR (desired value). The raw material of the CTMP was the wood of Abies Picea.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8304554A SE445937B (en) | 1983-08-23 | 1983-08-23 | COMPOSITION CARTON MATERIAL FOR LIQUID PACKAGING |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2550993A1 true FR2550993A1 (en) | 1985-03-01 |
| FR2550993B1 FR2550993B1 (en) | 1987-02-13 |
Family
ID=20352272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8412867A Expired FR2550993B1 (en) | 1983-08-23 | 1984-08-16 | LAMINATED CARDBOARD |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1251718A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3427196A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI79575B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2550993B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE445937B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA845552B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2233929C1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-08-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Картонтара" | Cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard and container using the same |
| RU2256018C1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт бумаги" (ОАО "ЦНИИБ") | Pulp for manufacturing packaging material |
| RU2256019C1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт бумаги" (ОАО "ЦНИИБ") | Pulp for manufacturing packaging material |
| EP1630290A1 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-01 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Embossing insulating paperboard |
| US7056563B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-06 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Hot cup made from an insulating paperboard |
| US7060159B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-13 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Insulating paperboard |
| US7063771B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-20 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Embossed insulating paperboard |
| WO2006084883A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-17 | Stora Enso Ab | High quality paperboard and products made thereof |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE510407C2 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-05-17 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Cardboard with high rigidity and packaging thereof |
| CA2342227C (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2009-03-24 | Leif Norlander | Paper or paperboard laminate and method to produce such a laminate |
| SE519173C2 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2003-01-21 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Paper or cardboard laminates as well as ways of making such laminates |
| US7108765B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-09-19 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for making an insulating paperboard |
| FI127682B (en) | 2013-01-04 | 2018-12-14 | Stora Enso Oyj | A method of producing microfibrillated cellulose |
| SE543039C2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2020-09-29 | Stora Enso Oyj | A corrugated board and use of a linerboard in the manufacturing of a corrugated board to reduce the washboard effect |
| SE543040C2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2020-09-29 | Stora Enso Oyj | A linerboard for corrugated board and a corrugated board comprising a corrugated medium and the linerboard |
| SE2151254A1 (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-14 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for manufacturing a multiply paperboard, and a multiply paperboard |
| FI130809B1 (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-03-27 | Abnor Oy | BARRIER CARTON |
-
1983
- 1983-08-23 SE SE8304554A patent/SE445937B/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-07-18 ZA ZA845552A patent/ZA845552B/en unknown
- 1984-07-24 DE DE19843427196 patent/DE3427196A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-08-01 FI FI843029A patent/FI79575B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-16 FR FR8412867A patent/FR2550993B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-20 CA CA000461352A patent/CA1251718A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-23 DE DE8425021U patent/DE8425021U1/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| TAPPI, vol. 60, no. 10, octobre 1977, pages 113-115, Atlanta, GA., US; L.D.ERICKSON: "Physical properties of stratified sheets" * |
| TAPPI, vol. 64, no. 11, novembre 1981, pages 73-76, Atlanta, Georgia, US; C.F.YANG: "Predicting structural rigidity of multi-ply paperboard" * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7056563B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-06 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Hot cup made from an insulating paperboard |
| US7060159B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-13 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Insulating paperboard |
| US7063771B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-06-20 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Embossed insulating paperboard |
| RU2233929C1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-08-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Картонтара" | Cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard and container using the same |
| RU2256018C1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт бумаги" (ОАО "ЦНИИБ") | Pulp for manufacturing packaging material |
| RU2256019C1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт бумаги" (ОАО "ЦНИИБ") | Pulp for manufacturing packaging material |
| EP1630290A1 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-01 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Embossing insulating paperboard |
| WO2006084883A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-17 | Stora Enso Ab | High quality paperboard and products made thereof |
| US7897011B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2011-03-01 | Stora Enso Ab | High quality paperboard and products made thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8304554D0 (en) | 1983-08-23 |
| FR2550993B1 (en) | 1987-02-13 |
| DE8425021U1 (en) | 1985-01-17 |
| SE8304554L (en) | 1985-02-24 |
| FI843029A0 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
| ZA845552B (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| CA1251718A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
| FI843029L (en) | 1985-02-24 |
| FI79575B (en) | 1989-09-29 |
| DE3427196A1 (en) | 1985-03-07 |
| SE445937B (en) | 1986-07-28 |
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