FR2546555A1 - IMPROVEMENTS ON CURTAIN WALLS AND THEIR COMPONENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE CURTAIN WALL CONSISTS OF THIN VERTICALLY EXTENDED4 CONCRETE SHEETS, PRE-STRESSED BY ADHERENCE USING LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENTS AND SUSPENDED IN THEIR AREA UPPER THAN THE LOADING FRAME1 OF THE CONSTRUCTION WHICH THEY DELIMITED EXTERNALLY. EACH PLATE IS ATTACHED VERTICALLY SLIDING TO THE LOADING FRAMING IN AT LEAST ONE LEVEL12 LOWER THAN THAT OF ITS SUSPENSIONS6. THE PLATES ARE ASSEMBLED SIDE BY SIDE ALONG THEIR OVERLAPPING EDGES.

Description

Improvements to curtain walls and their components.

  The invention relates to curtain walls, that is to say

  tell the facade walls that do not support floors.

  It also targets special items such as

  panels, fasteners constituting these curtain walls.

  The walls in question, themselves mounted on the load-bearing structure of the construction they equip, form the exterior cladding of this construction and ensure a watertight separation between the interior of cellerci and the exterior. They are usually made up of sheets of metal, plastic, wood

  These sheets have the disadvantage of a cost

  laterally high and, in addition, as the case may be, one and / or

  the other of the following disadvantages: need for protection

  special action against humidity and aging; do-

  ble impact resistance; poor thermal insulation; availability only of reduced surface elements, this

  which requires multiple assemblies, developed on large

lengths

  The invention aims, above all, to make the walls-

  curtains such that the above drawbacks are reduced,

or even deleted.

  To this end, the curtain walls according to the invention are essentially characterized in that they consist of thin concrete plates elongated vertically,

  prestressed by adhesion using longitudinal reinforcement

  nales and suspended in their area above the frame

  carrier of the construction which they delimit outside-

  is lying. In preferred embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements: each plate constituting a curtain wall is attached to the load-bearing framework in at least one level below that of its suspension members so that at this level

  said plate is immobilized horizontally according to the di-

  rection perpendicular to its mean plane, but free of

  smooth vertically, each component of a curtain wall is equipped

  before its installation, at one of its longitudi-

  suspension means such as through orifices

  the plate or that hooks or perforated lugs anchored in the upper edge of this plate,

  the reinforcement of each plate is densified in the vicinity

  swings the suspension and sliding attachment elements so as to avoid any risk of tearing of the plate in these areas, the different vertical plates constituting the same curtain wall overlap horizontally step by step and are tightly assembled on along their overlapping edges, the thickness of each plate is between 5 and cm, preferably being of the order of 8 cm, each plate is rectangular and has a length between 4 and 12 m, preferably around 9 to

  11 m, and a width between 0.30 and 2.50 m, pre-

2.40 m fence.

  The invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are used

  preferably at the same time and which will be more explicit-

question below.

  In the following, modes of reaction will be described.

  lisatxon favorite of -invention with reference to the drawings

  appended hereto of course in a nonlimiting manner.

  Figure 1 of these drawings shows a vertical section

  schematic block a building equipped with a curtain wall according to the invention. Figure 2 shows a slightly enlarged scale from the front.

  die a constituent plate of this curtain wall.

  Figure 3 shows in a vertical scale section.

  the greatly enlarged detail of the building above does

  appearing the mode of suspension of a plate and the

  sliding attachment mode of another plate.

  Figure 4 is a horizontal section of Figure 3

according to IV-IV.

  Figures 5 and 6 show on the same scale as the previous two, respectively in vertical section and in horizontal section along VI-VI, fig 5, another detail of an improved building according to the invention, showing an intermediate sliding fastener d '' a curtain wall and the alternating overlapping of the neighboring plates constituting

this wall.

  Figure 7 shows from the front the sliding clip of

Figure 5.

  Figure 8 schematically shows a variant of the

overlapping mode of the plates.

  The construction shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is a

  building spanning five levels and includes a framework

  carrier 1 assumed to be constituted by carrier walls,

  one of which is represented in 2, and by five horizontal slabs

the 30 to 34.

  Slab 30 constitutes the ground of the ground floor of the building The other slabs 31 to 34 form the floors of four floors and are carried by the walls 2 with at least

their edges cantilevered.

  The curtain wall according to the invention is composed of

  thin concrete 4 extending vertically on the top

  total floor and first three floors

  and suspended from the edge of slab 34.

  The thickness of these plates or sails 4 is very small.

  corn; it is between 5 and 10 cm, being-advantageous-

about 8 cm.

  To avoid the risk of cracking of the suspended plates 4 due to their own weight, these are

  prestressed by adhesion or by "adherent wires".

  In other words, said plates 4 are armed

  even during their manufacture by metallic wires or cables

  sizes 5 (Figure 2) previously stretched between their ex-

  hoppers, the concrete being poured into a mold, formwork or

"bench" containing these stretched cables.

  The tension of said cables is removed after the first

  is concrete and, due to their intimate adhesion with the

  tone, they exert a permanent densification effort on

  the latter, an effort which ensures both the coherence of the

and their tightness.

  Such manufacture has already been taught by the patent FR N O 1 447 819, but the thin concrete plates

  prestressed then manufactured were not intended to

  to set up suspended curtain walls: consequently

  mocking was not specially densified in them

  zones, indicated below, corresponding to the above-mentioned organs

pension and home base.

  The face, of each plate, which is exposed to the outside

  of the building in its final assembled position corresponding to

  advantageously lays at the one at the base of the

  mass of concrete during its pouring: one can thus

  rer on said face all desirable reliefs, and in particular

  those of ashlar or brick facades, giving

  at the bottom of the mold or "bench" the complementary profile of

the one you want.

  This latter improvement is advantageously

  biné to the possibility of adopting for poured concrete a

  white laughter or another artificial color that can

  remember in particular the natural color of the cut stone

or that of brick.

  The plates 4 are here vertically elongated.

  They can have a triangular or tra-

  pezoidal, but this shape is generally rectangular.

  The longitudinal dimension of each plate is gener-

  generally greater than 5 m and is preferably of the order of

m, namely between 9 and Il m.

  The value of 5 m corresponds to the height of a set

  ble of two superimposed floors such as a duplex.

  Curtain walls are particularly suitable for the construction of such assemblies, which have a

  certain advantages over multi-storey constructions

  ready, in particular the increase in living space for

  a given price: the requirements for the intermediate floor

  diaire of a duplex are indeed less rigorous than for

  the other floors especially in terms of sound insulation

  that, of the fire resistance, of the load to bear A plate length of the order of 10 m therefore corresponds to two superimposed duplexes: the thin concrete plates

  prestressed here considered easily lend themselves to a

brication over such a length.

  The width of each plate is preferably less than

  less than or equal to 2.40 m, which corresponds to the rolling gauge

  tier, to allow their transport by road.

  However, it is of course possible to design a whole range of plates of the kind considered, respectively presenting

  different widths: these widths can go down even

  up to 30 cm in order to allow the total width of the composite assemblies to be adjusted as required using these plates assembled side by side, in particular with a view to respecting constraints such as connection to an existing construction or that the obligation to build at

  within a specific perimeter.

  The suspension of each plate 4 to the slab 34, as well as its manipulations (removal of the production bench, dressing) are ensured using at least one attachment member 6 provided in the vicinity of the upper edge of this plate. This member 6 can be composed of an eyelet 7 (fig 2)

provided on the plate.

  To ensure the suspension of the plate from the slab 34, it is then sufficient to thread each eyelet horizontally.

  7 on a spit or peg 8 (fig 1) whose foot is embedded

very in said slab 34.

  To ensure said suspension, it is also possible to make said organ 6 understand.

  a vertical tab 9 (fig 3 and 4) having an em-

  base 91 embedded in the upper edge of the plate 4 and a head 92 pierced by a bore 931 a horizontal fork 10 whose foot 101 is embedded in the slab 34 and whose wings 102 overlap the head 92 above, each of these wings itself being hollowed out by a bore 103 aligned with bore 931 and a pin 11 passing through the three bores 93 to 103-

  The ratio between the thickness and the length of each

  that plate 4 being very weak, this plate tends to

  behave like a slightly flexible sheet.

  To avoid its fluttering in the wind, it is hooked to the framework l at its base and possibly at least one intermediate level using fasteners 12 capable of preventing its horizontal movements in the direction perpendicular to the plane means of the plate, but to make its vertical sliding possible: this avoids the

  thermal deformations do not develop stresses stress-

its to the right of said attachments.

  As can be seen in FIGS. 5 and 7, each sliding fastener 12 may comprise: a metal case 12 i embedded in the plate 4 and delimited externally by a flat face hollowed out in T and extending along the plane of the corresponding face of the plate , a bolt-nut assembly 122 whose head is recessed

  in the corresponding slab (30, 32 '34) and the end of which

  threaded tee, capped at the end by the nut, crosses the foot of the T, this nut pressing against the edges of this foot, and intermediate elastic horizontal bands 123 ensuring the wedging of the plate and the closing of the

  air gap internally running along it (see below).

  To avoid any risk of concrete being torn off near the upper attachment members, it is necessary to provide within the concrete, in the area of said members, reinforced reinforcement, which has been assumed in FIG. 2 composed of transverse reinforcements. 13 specially

  close together, themselves prestressed or not.

  Other such transverse reinforcements 13 are provided, distributed throughout the plate 4, but with a density 11 lower than that observable in the upper part of the plate, this density being advantageously reinforced.

  again near the sliding fasteners 12.

  To avoid the formation of thermal and / or acoustic bridges between the plates 4 and the slabs 30 to 34, cushions 14 are interposed between these plates and these slabs.

(fig 3) made of insulating material.

  As shown in Figure 3, the walls of the building

  ble considered are supplemented by internal partitions 15

  extending parallel to the plates 4, from which they are

  adorned by the air knives 16 of which question above.

  Each of these partitions 15 is supported by a

  slab and extends from bottom to top contiguously between two slabs

the consecutive ones.

  These partitions are made of light materials

  gers, thermally insulating and include an internal facing 151 made for example of plywood, agglomerated particles, plaster A flap 17 formed by a profiled sheet

  made of metal or plastic covers the upper edge

  re of each plate 4 so as to protect it from the rain.

  Given the great thinness of the plates 4, it is difficult

  cile to assemble them tightly edge to edge in the

  lateral extension of each other.

  Therefore, in the pre-

  féré, these lateral assemblies are ensured by mutual overlapping of the adjoining plates along marginal strips of

these plates.

  In the embodiment illustrated in Figures and 6, the overlaps in question are alternated. The watertight mutual assemblies of the bands 41 which

  overlap are assured anyway desirable, no-

  especially with the help of, on the one hand, complementary profiles 18 embedded in advance in said strips and, on the other

  part, elastic seals 19 crushed between said strips.

  Figures 5 and 6 show three adjacent plates constituting a curtain wall, both

  extreme plates constituting solid piers and the plate

  that central being perforated by windows 20.

  It is this central plate which is located closest to the horizontal support slabs and which is therefore directly suspended and attached to these slabs in the manner

indicated above.

  The assembly shown in Figure 5 corresponds

  in particular to the "vertically sliding" mounting of the

  said central plate on the intermediate slab 32 'and the

  two concrete panels which respectively appear above

  below and above said slab 32 constitute respec-

  the lintel 21 along the upper window 20 below and the lighter 22 along the lower

  window 20 on the upper floor.

  The trumeaux adjacent to the central perforated plate then protrude slightly externally on the facade

  of the building in relation to this plate.

  But they are still suspended and attached to the horizontal slabs in the manner described above, the only difference with the previous solutions residing in that the pins or forks which support them extend a little more in overhang from the slabs in which

they are embedded.

  It is also possible to arrange the horizontal edges of the tiles in correspondence, that is to say to give them a crenellated shape so as to reduce the overhangs in question.

  tion to the right of the projecting panels.

  Instead of being alternated step by step, the mutual lateral overlaps of the plates can be provided all in the same direction, which gives the facade a structure in fish scales, as shown schematically.

in plan in Figure 8.

  In this case, the axes 23 of the support pins or the like are no longer strictly perpendicular to the mean plane of the plates to be supported and provision should be made

  the resulting modifications or tolerances.

  Following this, and whatever the mode of realization

  sation adopted, we finally have curtain walls whose constitution and advantages result sufficiently from this

who is before.

  As is obvious, and as already follows from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more especially envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all variants, in particular * those for which the curtain walls considered

  would be used for purposes other than the external delimitation

  of buildings with vertical walls, these walls being used for example as cladding, or being slightly inclined on the vertical so as to constitute roofs, those where the constituent plates of the curtain walls in question would not be flat over their entire extent

  but reinforced by longitudinal and / or transverse ribs

  versales, the numerical values indicated above for the thickness of the plate being considered in the common, non-ribbed parts of this plate, when such

ribs are provided.

Claims (8)

  1 Curtain wall characterized in that it consists of thin concrete plates (4) elongated vertically   prestressed by adhesion using longitudinal reinforcement   nales (5) and suspended in their upper zone to the framework   carrier (1) of the construction which they delimit   laughingly. 2 curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized   in that each of its constituent plates (4) is attached   attached to the supporting frame (1) in at least one lower level   laughing at that of its suspension members (6) so that at this level said plate is immobilized horizontally in the direction perpendicular to its mean plane, but free to slide vertically   3 Curtain wall according to any one of the claims   1 and 2, characterized in that the different plates   vertical (4) which constitute it overlap horizontally   step by step and are assembled together   che along their overlapping edges.   4 Curtain wall according to any one of the preceding   claims, characterized in that it is slightly incli- born on the vertical.   Thin plate of constituent prestressed concrete   of a curtain wall according to any one of the preceding res-   dications, characterized in that it is fitted with hooking means (6) at one of its longitudinal ends,   means such as orifices fitted with eyelets (7) through   sant this plate or that hooks or perforated legs (9)   anchored in the upper edge of said plate.   6 plate according to claim 5, characterized in that its reinforcement (13) is reinforced in the vicinity of the hooking means and optionally sliding attachment understood by this plate.   7 plate according to any one of claims   5 and 6, characterized in that its thickness is included in-   be 5 and 10 cm, preferably being of the order of 8 cm.   8 Plate according to any one of claims   to 7, characterized in that it is rectangular and has a length of between 4 and 12 m, preferably of the order of 10 m.   9 Plate according to any one of claims   to 8, characterized in that it is rectangular and pre-   feels a width between 0.30 and 2.50 m.   Plate according to any one of the claims   to 9, characterized in that it is reinforced by longitudinal ribs.