FR2522794A1 - Solar heated dwelling - has central conduit with underground heat storage and seismic wave dampener - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar dwelling has a shell with glazing and an absorbent wall captures their energy, while a layer of air equalises and stabilises the temperature of the interior walls and insulates the shell from exterior noise. A passive wall preserves the heat of the air layer while a central conduit leads hot air to the shell base or interior. A bottom wall insulates the shell base and allows hot air to circulate in the foundation and then to distribute itself while a thermally insulating foundation screen also deadens seismic waves.

Description

- - Description
a / Title of the invention.

STRUCTURO-THERMAL SOLAR CASES = CSS T
b / Indication of the technical field of the invention
CSSTs apply in the field of construction
in general (Genie-Civil), individual or collective, for industrial, civil or military use, the CSSTs can be
| || made of fixed or mobile constructions, prefabricated
or cast in-situ.

c / Indication of the state of the prior art making out
the technical problem posed.

First, to dominate the previous technique on the solar,
it took me a year of bibliography and intelligence,
even surveys to control this problem. Indeed,
I realized that researchers in general are not
specializations in this field in an effective way, because the
most do not fully understand the essence of the civil engineering problem, such as, structural studies, concrete,
and mechanical soil, theoretically ect ..., because the problem is
to bring these experiences together with those of solar physics,
which is relative to the reach of any scientist, so
to get out of these two main elements a construction
universal solar system, as is the case with the CSST.

Current achievements are limited to solar collectors
t | water, and heating by thick wall 45 to 60 cm
and by thermocycling air used at Odeillo (Solar furnace)
! SOLAR SENSORS:
They present technical and economic anomalies
Very frequent leak of water as the temperature grows in that
| -this. Non-homogeneous expansion coefficient. Heat loss by
conduction and convection. Often complicated installation. prob
-leme corrosion and tare. Heating of premises often
long enough . Low overall yield. High cost price
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH SOLAR WALL WITH AIR THERMOCIRCULATION
EXAMPLE: 'SOLAR OVEN AT CDEILLO'
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH SOLAR WALL WITH AIR THERMOCIRCULATION
EXAMPLE: ODEILLO SOLAR OVEN.

The principle of this realization is simple, only the
The problem is that, l energy is captured and located in
a wall in simple fagade whose thickness is cosiderable.

 Thermally, I realized that this wall. by.

low sunlight no longer heats the premises, and in periods
summer it was overheating up to 50-degrees., which
is unmanageable by the man. Solar energy incident is
very small, 'vertical wall'. Space heating
by thermocirculation of air, which is not effective because
frequent drafts, or cooling
abrupt middle to heat. Thermal radiation is
be weak and reduced.General thermal behavior complicated
Enough turbulanes, loss of heat to the outside especially
at the ceiling level. Increased use of materials and
insulating materials, low overall yield, cost of realisa
expensive, poor architectural appearance and difficulty
generalizable.

d / ...

e / ...

... These four descriptions are set out in
pages, constituting: the solutions provided by the invention, a presentation of drawings
with detailed exposition with reference to the drawings
as well as the operating modes of the structure
and its operating principles, with
finally, the way in which the invention is likely to
industrial application.

DETAILS WITH TEXTS AND DRAWINGS
RELATING TO PARAGRAPHS d / e / / g /
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
STRUCTURO-THERMAL SOLAR SHELL
RELATING TO THE SPHERE DEMIE THESE DESCRIPTIONS ARE RELATIVE
AND APPLICABLE TO ALL CONTRAST FORMS IN CQCS OR PLATES WITH AXES OF SYMMETRIES
VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL OR AXIS
VERTICAL REVOLUTION.

 STRUCTURO-THERMAL SOLAR SHELL FOR UNIVERSAL USE.

Aspet of resistance: Thermo-solar aspect: Phonic aspect: .. Good soundproofing .. Shell without flection .. High energy capture .. Self-isolation of the noise .. Resistance to solar seismic.

outside.

.. Overload resistance ..Automatic regulation.

static. .. Perfect thermal insulation. ..

.. Resistance to overloads .. Storage of heat.

dynamic. .. Heating, ventilation, water .. Resistance to hot sliding current.

ground. .. Heating in covered sky.

.. Realization in-situ or .. Radiant heating
Architectural aspect.

prefabricated. thermal, or air .. Adaptable to all sites .. Fixed construction or .. Preselection of temperature .. Functional and armonious.

traveling.

.. For collective or individual use,
Economic aspect.

industrial, military, or civilian.

.. Low input of building materials.

.. Fast realization.

.. low price is coming back.

DESIGNATICN REPERES
Passive wall * I
Stabilizing air walls 2 - 14
Main heating wall D - 15
Fresh air inlet "Phase ventilation 4 - I7
Central hot air inlet 5
Central hot air duct 6
Hot air outlet "Phase A" ......................... 7
Vacuum ......................................... 8
Fresh air inlet Phase D 9
Foundation air outlet 10
Base of the hull
Window of the insolator .............................. 12
Absorbent wall 13
Air intake in the insolator ..................... 16
Thermal isolator and seismic damper ....... 18
Insulating layer 19 Eluate supports: 20
Air inlet in the base of the hull 21
Insulating air layer, hot air conductor 22
These designations are related to the solar hull
structuro-thermal with central pipe represented
by the (figure: I) whose main elements are: -Insolator (I2) and (I3) which captures 1 solar energy by means of
of the absorbent wall (I3).

-The air walls (2) and (I4) balance and stabilize the time
-perature of the walls (3) and (15), and isolates the hull of
outside noise.

-The walls (I) preserve the heat of the walls (2).

-The pipe (6) leads 1 hot air to the base of the hull
or inside, -The wall (22) insulates the base of the floor, and allows hot air
to circulate in the foundation and then to leave again in
all the construction.

-The curtain (I8) thermally insulates the foundation and dampens
seismic waves.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOLAR HULL
Structural-THERMAL

Numbers
<tb> References <SEP> Materials <SEP> or <SEP> Materials <SEP> Thickness <SEP> orifices <SEP> Observations
<tb> holes
<tb> in <SEP> (cm)
<tb> I <SEP> concrete, masonry, metal, wood <SEP> 5 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> I0
<tb> plastic ...
<Tb>

2 <SEP> - <SEP> I4 <SEP> air <SEP> layer <SEP> 5 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> 20
<tb> 3 <SEP> - <SEP> I5 <SEP> concrete, masonry, metal <SEP> 5 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> 20
<tb> I3 <SEP> concrete, masonry, a <SEP> surface
<tb> black <SEP> mate: or <SEP> of <SEP> preferences
<tb> tole <SEP> of <SEP> iron <SEP> oxidized. <SEP> 0, I <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> I
<tb> I2 <SEP> glass <SEP> in <SEP> elements <SEP> assembles <SEP> 0.2 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> 0.3
<tb> a <SEP> I0cm <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> surface <SEP> I3
<tb> 6 <SEP> concrete <SEP> or <SEP> metallic <SEP> or <SEP> 0,2 # e <SEP>#<SEP> I
<tb> asbestos.
<Tb>

I8 <SEP> cork, rubber, <SEP> or <SEP> material <SEP> I <SEP>#e<SEP>#<SEP> 5
<tb> elastic <SEP>.
<Tb>

7.9.5.2I <SEP> according to <SEP><SEP> according to <SEP><SEP> depend <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> size
<tb> debit <SEP> debit <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> build.
<Tb>

22 <SEP> Layer <SEP> Air <SEP> 5 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> 30
<tb> II <SEP> concrete, metallic <SEP> I0 <SEP>#<SEP> e <SEP>#<SEP> 20
<tb> =
<tb> I6.4.I0 <SEP> according to <SEP><SEP> according to <SEP>
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<tb> @NB: The perspective of the hull represented by figure: 22 gives an overview of the arrangement of the orifices
Figure 2
The operation is simple, the temperature in the insolator 2 believes in the appearance of the sun, the vacuum cleaner 6 is then actuated automatically, and the hot air is sucked by 6 of the insolator through the orifices 3, then the insolator 2, the pipe 4, and finally the outlet 5, 1 hot air discharges its calories inside 8, and the cycle continues, the vacuum is actuated by a thermostat placed at the top of 1 insolator.

Figure 3
The principle is the same as in Figure 2 except that the hot air circulates in the foundation loaded with pebbles or earth, before being released inside the shell, the heating and storage is fbt exclusively by radiation, by the foundation I, the wall 6, the slabs 7, and the partitions 8, the number of these two is unlimited.

Figure 4
The hot air circulates in all the cells of the construction under the effect of the vacuum cleaner, the storage is done in all the mass constituting the construction, slabs, partitions, foundation, furniture, ect ..

Figure 5
The hot air circulating in line I, allows the water in the tank 2 to heat in turn by convection and conduction.

Figure 6
During periods without sun, an auxiliary heater is used, the chimney of which is the same central pipe 2, the hot air released by I allows the water of the tank 3 to heat by convection and coduction before losing its calories. outwards.

Figure 7
During the summer ventilation does not require any modification of the structure, the openings I of the walls 2 of the insolator 3 and the top of the shell 4 are simply made, so that the interior of the construction is perfectly tempered whatever the temperature may be. of 1 insolator and 1 outside.

Figure 8
During the summer period, hot water can be obtained by means of flush-mounted ducts in an insolator 2 while the ventilation of the building is always ensured.

Figure 9
In some collective constructions and large areas, the central pipe becomes cumbersome exp: Swimming pool, auditorium.In this case, the vacuum is placed at the top of the hull I, 1 fresh air passes through the orifices 2) and 1 insolator 3 , takes charge of calories to finally liberate them inside the building through the top 4.Parallelement we get hot water through the pipes 5. Heating is by radiation and thermocirculation of air. The storage of heat is done throughout the mass of the building.

Figure IO
During the summer the openings of the openings I and 2 ensure the ventilation of the construction, while having hot water by means of the pipes 3
Figure II
Represents a hull in single walls I, this construction is valid loraqu want to obtain a high interior temperature the 6th or the winter because, it is deprived of stabi -lisatrice walls.

Figure I2 represents the hull heated by direct solar radiation I, through the window 2. The absorbent wall in this case is the base 3 which heats the construction by radiation and convection.

Figure 13
Represents the binding mode of the insolator and the walls.

The elements 8 and 11 (see principle Fig I4) are connected by the mortar joint 9, and the steel maintains I0, the whole is connected to the insulator 2 and the window 4 by the anchor pin, and the ring of spacers 71 and 1 fixing assembly 5, the expansion joint 6 provides the thermal connections.

I is the stabilizing walls (extremely important), 3 is the absorbing and heating wall.

Figure I4 represents the principle of making a shell construction of prefabricated elements, identical, decreasing, interconnected by steels of support or traction, because the solar hulls are without bending.

I prefabricated element, 2 connecting steel
Figure 15
Represents the details 6 7 8 9 21 of fig: I in fig: 15 are three phases
Phase A The hot air coming from the insolator is sucked by the fan 8 to diffuse inside the building through the orifices 9, the orifices 7 and 21 are closed.

Phase B: The orifices 7 and 9 are closed, the hot air passes in the foundation (batterle).

Phase C t to recover the heat stored in the foundation, the fresh air entering the construction passes through the orifices 7 to diffuse in this first, the orifices 9, 21 are in this case closed.

Figure I6
Shows us the principle of technical realization of the foundation
It consists of a slab of prefabricated elements 2 connected by expansion joints and supported on cylindrical supports 4 their stability is perfect, and the hot air 3 can circulate and diffuse in free flow and laminar throughout the fon -dation. 6, inlet of 1 hot air, 1 outlet of fresh air, see fig t I or this foundation is shown in section.

Figure: I7 (Heating periods)
Represents the temperature values at different points of the vSST. the markers represent the exact values of these temperatures, at 5C cm, the respective temperatures of the air at 2800, and of thermal radiation at 29 C. This figure is without scale. These results are relative to the temperature curve of the figure: 20 to the sun's layer. Note that all the temperatures of the shell are very close and whose average is 3C C whereas the outside temperature is 5C
Figure: I8
Represents the values of temperature in different point of the hull in periods of ventilation with solar noon true
Figure: 19
Shows the thermal behavior of the different walls of the solar thermal structural shell and the mode of operation of each of them.

Figure: 20
It is the most interesting figure, it interprets the experimental temperature curves recorded during three consecutive days and nights, one notices the close values of temperature between those of the air and the thermal radiation respectively 3rd
2. As for the external temperature, it is represented by the reference
4. On the second day of the experiment, the sky was completely covered.

 I ... Sunshine curves recorded by the Pyranometer.

 2 ... Temperature curves for thermal radiation.

 3 ... = = = air.

 4 ... = = = Outside the shelter.

 5 ... Value of the wind speed in km / h.

6 ... = air humidity in
7 ... Absences of temperature.

 8 ... = solar energy.

Figure: 21
Represents the curves of the temperatures obtained during the ventilation periods. The references are the same as Fig: 20.

 i @@@: I @ ege @ @.

 thermal addiction ...............

 Natural convection................

 Forced convection ...................

 Thermal equilibrium .................

Thermocirculation of air .............

Notation.

 Incident GI rays.

Absorbed rays ....... Ga
Reflected tailgates Gr
Energy received ...................... Qr
Stored energy ..................... Qs
Lost energy ...................... Qp
Note: See Fig: I for references and designations.

 Create the size of the thermal balance.

Qr = Qs + Qp
100% 88% I2%
Qs: Energy stored by thermocirculation of air,
by radiation, and convection throughout the
mass constituting the construction.

wr: Inergy absorbed by the insolator and distributed
by conauctiOn, forced convection, and radiate nt.

Qp: Losses to the outside by:
convention, radiation, reflection of the window
conduction and convection with the ground.

FIGURE t 22
Shows a sectional perspective of the solar-structural shell in half-sphere, this shell represenbe example I of Figure 24. On this perspective we see the same details and the same references as in Figure I, the attention is mainly drawn to the arrangement of the orifices.

- The insolator 12 and I3 generates the southern facade of which
the angle is 180 degrees, according to the trajectory of the
Sun.

- Mark 5 represents the hot air passage of the
-solator inside the building, this con
-duite is central.

- The air inlets of the decalified air 16 in
the insolator, they are arranged at the bottom of this one
on an angle of I80 degrees
- Outlet air outlets IO from the foundation, arranged
360 degrees
- Ventilation holes I7 of the insulator, arranged
on I80 degrees south coast.

- Ventilation holes 4 of the shell walls arranged
360 degrees.

 - mark 8 represents the central vacuum.

Figure: 23
It represents the facades of constructions in solar hull with axis of vertical or horizontal symmetry, the mark 4 represents a combination between the shapes with the indexes I and 2
Figure t 24
Represents building facades with central axis of revolution, the example of the sphere is that number I
EXAMPLES of achievements in solar roques
Structuro-Thermal, responding to discriptions
of 1 invention.

Figure: 25
Structured-Thermo Solar Shell (CSST) in the form of ellipsoid, we notice the architectural aspect of this construction, with its terrace and balcony. Its windows exposed to the south in no way hinder the thermal operation of the hull. This gives the direct radiation through the glass.

The hot water can reach permanently 50 degrees centigrade.

The surface of the insulator can be reduced according to the energetic need.

Figure: 26
Represents the interior layout of the house of Fig: 25
On the ground floor are the bedrooms, kitchen, wc, ect .., overlooking a terrace. on the first floor, a living room with its balcony, the whole is connected by spiral stairs
Figure: 27
Solar House in CSST in half-sphere with the same maite -internal elements that the Fig: 25
Figure: 28, 29
CSST has large surface area and collective use. Examples: Swimming pools,
Sports Venues, Venues, Superstores
Hangarts, Construction for tourist purposes. .......

Figure: 30
CSST has a large terrace area and a balcony, this construction with multiple uses that the fgure s 28. 29, can be used in coastal areas.

Figure X 3I
Construction in CSST for artistic or tourist use.

Figure: 32
Construction in CSST in prerabric elements, metal for example, it is floating, for tourist, military, or industrial use.

Figure: 33
Figure:
This construction is interesting, it is made of symmetrical prefabric elements easy to assemble, metal or wood or plastic. It is mobile, used in a natural terrain, accident, or inaccessible, with supports of level adjustment, It is for industrial, military, or turistic use, example: laboratories, or house of building sites last pages include the color photos showing the main experimental phases these photos are at the numbers of seven.

Claims (1)

C.S.S.T CLAIMS - Structo-thermXques solar hulls. The @ C.S.S.T present the designations and features || represented by Figs: I. 11. I2 2 / According to claim I, the C.S.s.T are characterized by the thermal and solar operation, heating and storage of heat represented by Fig: 2. 3. 4. According to claims 1 and 2, the operation of hot water is represented by FIGS. 5 and 10. According to claim 3, the hot water of FIG. 5 can be obtained by means of the auxiliary heating of the Fig: 6 According to claim 1 ventilation and hot water are obtained by means of Figs. 10:  7 6  According to claim 1, the principle of realization of  C.S.S.T. is obtained in-situ or in prefabrication with the means  Figs. 22, the connecting principle, insolator walls is is represented by Fig: I3 7 # | According to claim 1, the phonic behavior and seis  -mique is represented by Figures I. 11. 22, the mode of  thermal operation of the walls by fig: I9.  8 # According to claim 1, the C.S.S.T. can have the  frames and shapes represented by FIGS. : 23. 24 9 #  According to claim 1, the architectural forms relating to  to C.S.S.T, can among others be represented by the exem- -ples of Fig: 23.24.25.26.27.28.28.29.30.3I.32.33.