FR2478486A1 - IMPACT CRUSHER HAVING A CRUSHING TRACK FORMED BY THE END OF STACKED IMPACT OR IMPACT BARS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE BARS 4, 7 FORMING THE CRUSHING TRACK 8 ARE LAYERED ON ONE ON THE OTHERS AND WITH THEIR LONGITUDINAL AXIS DIRECTED TOWARDS ROTOR 2 IN A POCKET 9, HAVING A BOTTOM 10, A BACK WALL 11 AND SIDE WALLS 12, WHICH IS PLACED ON A FRAME 13 THAT CAN BE ROLLED OUTSIDE THE CRUSHER ON TRACKS 15. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, TO REDUCE THE SHREDDING TIME WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO REPLACE, REPLACE OR RETURN THE BARS, THE ENDS OF WHICH FORM THE CRUSHER TRACK 8, THE POCKET 9 CAN BE LIFT WITH THE BARS OUT OF THE BOX 13 AND REPLACED BY ANOTHER POCKET NEWLY FILLED WITH BARS. THE BARS WHOSE ENDS FORM THE TRACK 8 ARE PREFERREDLY PERCUSSION BARS 4 USES OF ROTOR 2 OR IMPACT BARS USES 7 OF IMPACT SCREENS 5, 6 OF THE CRUSHER OR SIMILAR CRUSHERS.

Description

The invention relates to an impact mill having a grinding track

  formed of percussion bars or impact bars which are arranged in layers one on the other and with their longitudinal axis directed towards the rotor of the mill in a pocket consisting of a bottom, a rear wall and side walls, which is placed on a frame which can be moved out of the carcass

of the crusher.

  Such a crusher, known from patent 24 34 837 of the Federal Republic of Germany, allows the use of percussion or impact bars, preferably used, to a very high degree and for long periods of time. Although the bars are only replaced, rearranged or returned relatively infrequently in the pocket, such an operation requires a lot of time each time (about a whole working day in the case of large shredders)

  during which the crusher cannot work. The whole gar-

  nissage indeed weighs almost 10 tonnes on such grinders.

  The invention aims to considerably reduce these downtimes. According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the pocket used to receive the percussion and impact bars can be lifted from the frame after it has been removed from the crusher. The pocket and the impact and impact bars it contains can thus be replaced by another pocket, newly filled, which requires only a short interruption in the operation of the crusher. The bars of the pocket that has just been removed can then be replaced, rearranged or returned by the staff

  maintenance of the shredder while it is working.

  It is advantageous to mount the bag so that it

  can tilt on the frame around a horizontal axis oriented trans-

  versally to the direction of movement of the frame. Indeed, the grinding track formed by the ends of the percussion or impact bars can then be adjusted in a simple manner relative to the percussion circle of the rotor by tilting the pocket around its

  support axis., which distributes the wear - generally irre-

  gulière - from the grinding track along its length. The

  tilting possibility can be obtained by tilting mounting

  lant of the pocket on the frame around a support axis provided for ex-

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  lower end of the pocket and by holding the pocket by means of an adjustable device at a point located higher, near

  the upper end of the pocket for example. Such a provision

  tion can be simplified if the pocket is provided with parts

  open chues at the bottom, located below the center of gravity of the filled pocket and offset from this center towards the rotor of the crusher, by which the pocket rests on a transverse bar of the frame and if support is provided on the frame, above the center of gravity but further from the rotor than this center, which is

  adjustable in or about the direction of travel of the frame.

  In fact, the adjustment device can in this case be produced under

  form of an adjustable support in the direction of movement of the bCti.

  The ability to adjust support can be created in different ways. Given the high weight of the filled pocket, it is advantageous to have the support on a movable slide

  by a hydraulic cylinder on a slide carried by the frame. The ap-

  then can be a dowel transverse to the direction of de-

  placement of the slide and on which part of the hook-shaped pocket can hang. Due to the violence of the shocks to which the pocket is subjected, it is advantageous that the slide can be locked on the slide by a clamping device, so

  that shocks are not transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder.

  According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention

  tion, the rear wall of the pocket is tiltable around its lower edge, so that the angle between the bottom of the pocket and the wall

  rear is variable. This allows you to vary or restore the availability

  stepped ends exposed to wear of impact and impact bars. As the bag is tilting, the variation of the grinding interval produced by a lowering or raising of the rear wall by rotation around its lower edge can be canceled by a corresponding tilting of the bag in the opposite direction, which does not is not possible with the shredder pocket according

the patent cited at the start.

  To be able to lift the pocket of the frame, it must be extracted sufficiently from the carcass of the crusher so that the pocket and the percussion or impact bars stacked in

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  they are no longer covered by the carcass. As the pocket with its contents has a considerable dimension in the direction of movement of the frame, the extraction distance - defined for example,

  by rails on which the frame can roll - must be relative -

  long. This requires giving the crusher a frame and a

large foundation.

  It is possible to use a shorter extraction distance from the frame and even to remove it completely, so that the crusher can have a smaller frame and foundation, if, according to another improvement of the object of the invention, the frame is mounted tilting outwards around a transverse axis

  horizontal located in the region of the outer end of its sur-

  bearing face. By a tilting of approximately 450 of the frame, the pocket containing the percussion or impact bars - which are stacked in the pocket being oriented obliquely upwards and towards the direction / the rotor of the crusher in the service position - is brought at a position outside the carcass of the mill where the

  pocket can be lifted from the frame without the carcass interfering.

  Depending on the properties of the material to be fractionated and the construction characteristics of the mill adapted to this material, it may not be possible to tilt the frame directly from the service position. In this case, the tilting of the frame must be preceded by a slight movement of

  translation of the frame to the outside.

  This translational movement and the tilting of the frame can be produced by a single hydraulic cylinder. In this

  indeed, the frame is provided with pins in the region of the extreme

  external mite of its bearing surface, pins which, by the

  translation of the frame towards the outside of the crusher carcass, are placed in bearings provided on the carcass and used for tilting the frame. In such an embodiment, it is advantageous for the hydraulic cylinder to act on articulation rods arranged at a distance above the pins on the frame. The expression "in the region" here means that the tilt axis can lie horizontally and vertically at a

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  certain distance from the end of the bearing surface and can therefore be located, for example, a little higher or a little lower from this surface. The essential point is that the pocket is moved as far as possible outwards by the tilting of the frame, so that it is released from the parts of the crusher carcass situated above

of the frame.

  The short extraction movement by possible translation-

  Lement provided can be used to make ineffective devices that prevent the frame from tilting when it is in the service position, for example by moving the bfti outside the area of action of these devices. It is in particular possible to install a roller or the like in the region of the inner end of the support surface of the frame, on the latter and so as to be, in the service position of the frame, under a rail of the structure of the crusher, from which this roller or similar element is released to be able to rise only when the frame has been sufficiently removed from the carcass of the crusher. The same effect can be obtained when a roller or an element

  similar is expected in the region of the outer end of the over-

  bearing face of the frame, on the latter and so that, in the position of

  service of the frame, it is directly above a rail of the.

  frame of the crusher and more outside than the tilting pins, this roller does not disengage from the rail to be able to descend only if the frame has been removed from a sufficient distance from the carcass

  of the crusher. The most diverse embodiments are also

  their possibilities for such devices. In some cases, the mere weight of the pocket filled with the percussion or impact bars is already sufficient to prevent premature tilting of the frame outwards, so that it is sufficient to provide devices which prevent the frame from either introduced into the crusher then

  that it is still tilted outwards.

  The extraction of the frame carrying the grinding track by a combination of a translation and a tilting is also applicable with advantage to mills whose grinding track is produced differently, because the latter thus becomes very easily accessible despite the fact that the translational movement, by

  rolling or slipping, either weak.

  As in the embodiment described first and using a non-tilting frame, the pocket receiving the percussion and impact bars can be tilted in a mounted frame itself tilting and the rear wall of the pocket can be tilted to that the grinding track formed by the ends of the impact and impact bars is adjustable relative to

to the percussion circle of the rotor.

  If, in order to obtain a good seal between the frame carrying the pocket and the carcass of the crusher, the frame has at the top a horizontal plate oriented in the direction of movement of the frame and overhanging the pocket, a plate which, after the frame has been introduced into the mill, provides sealing in cooperation with the fixed parts located above it of the carcass of the mill, another improvement of the invention provides that the plate or

  part of this plate located on the inside of the car-

  breakage of the crusher can be raised by rotation so that, on the one hand, the plate is long enough to ensure good sealing, on the other hand, the plate does not prevent the pocket from being lifted from the frame. To protect the sealing devices, preferably made of rubber lips pressing against the plate at the top of the frame, an impact beam is placed inside the grinder in front of the slot between this plate and the part facing

it from the crusher carcass.

  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention

  will emerge more clearly from the description which follows from

  two nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, as well as the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a section, taken transversely to the axis of the rotor, of an impact mill comprising a pocket forming a grinding track on a frame capable of be rolled out of the crusher - Figure 2 is a similar section of an impact crusher comprising a pocket forming a grinding track on a frame which

  can be slid and tilted outwards, the frame being shown

  felt in position entered in the grinder; and

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  - Figure 3 shows the same crusher but with the

  frame extracted and tilted outwards.

  In the carcass 1 of the two impact crushers shown is mounted a rotor 2 which rotates around the axis 3 and carries on its periphery percussion bars 4. Above the rotor are

  provided with two impact screens 5 and 6 armed with impact bars 7.

  Next to the rotor is a grinding track 8 formed by the ends of used percussion bars 4 and / or impact bars 7 which are stacked in a pocket 9. The pocket consists of a bottom formed by walls of end 10 of a rear wall 11

  and side walls 12 and it is placed on a frame 13.

  In the crusher of FIG. 1, the frame 13 can be moved by rollers 14 on rails 15. The pocket 9 has at its lower end forked parts 16 by which it rests on a transverse bar 17 of the frame 13, while it rests by its upper end on a support 18 constituted by a dowel carried by a slide 19. The latter is disposed on

  a slide 20 of the frame 13 and can be moved by a hydraulic cylinder

  Lique 21. The slide is also lockable on the slide by a clamping device 22. The pocket 9 has a protrusion 23 in the form of a hook, by which it can be hung on the

ankle 18.

  The location of the forked parts 16 relative to the overall center of gravity of the filled pocket is such that the pocket tends to tilt outwards, so that it bears securely against the ankle 18. The rear wall 11 can be pivotally mounted around its lower edge 24. In the upper part of the pocket 9 is also provided a dowel 25 for hanging the lifting device used to lift the pocket out of the

  frame 13 and to replace it in the frame.

  To seal the top of the frame 13 relative to the

  carcass 1 of the crusher, they both carry a plate 26 respec-

  27 and sealing lips 28 are provided between the two plates. In order to protect these sealing means from fragments of crushed material projected by the rotor, the second impact screen 6

  is placed in front of the slot to be sealed between the plates 26 and 27.

  So that the plate 26 does not hamper the lifting of the pocket from the frame, it is mounted so that it can be raised by rotation about an axis 29. The frame 13 can be

  blocked on the rails 15 by a clamping device 30.

  The frame 13 of the crusher of Figures 2 and 3 can be moved by pads 14a on slides 15a of a lower part 31 of the frame carrying the carcass of the crusher. In the region of the outer end of its pads 14a, the frame 13

  has a through axis 42, on which threads are threaded

  sinets 43. At the outer end of the slide-15a, the carriage

  slope 31 has supports or bearings 44, in which the axis 42 is placed by its bearings 43 when the frame 13 is slid out of the carcass 1 of the crusher. A hydraulic cylinder 45 shown in dotted lines and producing this sliding attack by its piston rod 46 of the rods 47 arranged above the axis 42 on the frame 13, so that the tilting of the frame begins automatically as soon as the axis 42 entered through the bearings 43 in the bearings 44, which prevents further sliding of the frame towards the outside, and as soon as the rollers 50 disposed laterally on the frame 13 have rolled down on the end of the frame 31. During the tilting, a hook-shaped part 49 of the frame 13 hangs on an axis 48 carried by the frame 31; in this way, when the piston rod 46 is then retracted, the bSti 13 cannot be pulled inwards on the slide 15a before its pads 14a have not

  landed again on the slide 15a.

  The pocket 9 has hooks at its upper end

  chets 32, by which it hangs on a crossbar 33

  or pins of the frame 13 and the rear wall 11 of the pocket fits

  bends against a support 34 which is rotatably mounted around an axis 35 on a slide 36. The slide is disposed on a slide 37

  of the frame 13 and can be moved over it by a hydraulic cylinder 38.

  It can also be locked on the slide by a clamping device 39. The members 34 to 38 allow to approach or move away

the grinding track 8 of the rotor.

  The pocket 9 is locked against the detachment of the hooks 32 by a flap 40 provided at the upper part of the frame 13

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  and lockable itself. This flap carries tabs 41 which are

  bend from above against the hooks 32 when the flap is closed.

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Claims (15)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S   1. Impact crusher having a grinding track formed of percussion bars or impact bars which are arranged in layers one on the other and with their longitudinal axis directed towards the rotor of the crusher in a pocket constituted by a bottom, a rear wall and side walls, which is placed on a frame which can be moved out of the carcass of the mill, characterized in   that the pocket (9) can be lifted from the frame (13) after it ci was extracted from the grinder.   2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that   that the pocket (9) is pivotally mounted on the frame (13).   3. Crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the pocket (9) is pivotally mounted on the frame (13) around a support axis (17) provided at its lower end and transverse to the direction of movement of the frame (13) and is held higher by an adjustable device (18, 19).   4. Crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that the pocket (9) has forked parts (16) open at the bottom,   located below the center of gravity of the filled and uncovered bag   in relation to this center in the direction of the rotor (2) of the mill, by which the pocket (9) rests on a transverse bar (17)   of the bfti (13), and in that a support (18) is provided on the frame, au-   above the center of gravity but further from the rtor (2) than this center, which is adjustable in or roughly in the direction of movement of the frame.   5. Crusher according to claim 4, characterized in that the support (18) is conjugated to a slide (19) capable of being   moved on a slide (20) of the frame (13) by a hydraulic cylinder lique (21).   6. crusher according to claim 4, characterized in that the support is a pin (18) arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the slide (19) and on which can   hook a part (23) in the form of a hook from the pocket (9).   7. Crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the slide (19) is lockable on the slide (20) by a clamping device (22).   8. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame 13 can be tilted outwards around an axis   horizontal transverse (42) located in the region of the outer end of its bearing surface (14a).   9. Crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that the frame (13) can be moved horizontally out of the carcass (1)   from the shredder over a short distance, before being tilted outwards   laughing around the horizontal transverse axis (42) located in the re-   gion of the outer end of its bearing surface (14a).   10. Crusher according to claim 9, characterized in that   that he understands, in the region of the outer extremity of the sur-   bearing face (14a) of the frame (13), pins (42) which, by the   placement of the frame outside the carcass (1) of the crusher, are placed in bearings (44) provided on the carcass of the crusher and   serving as tilting bearings for the frame (13).   11. Crusher according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises devices (48, 49, 50) which prevent the tilting of the frame (13) as long as the pins (42) have not entered the tilting bearings (44) and which prevent the reintroduction of the beti (13) into the crusher while the frame is in tilted position.   12. Crusher according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the tilting movement or the extraction and tilting movement of the frame (13) is produced by a hydraulic cylinder (45) which attacks rods (47) arranged at distance above   the transverse axis (42) on the frame (13).   13. Crusher according to any one of the pre- claims   cédentes, characterized in that the rear wall (11) of the pocket (9)   is tiltable around its lower edge (24).   14. Crusher according to any one of claims 1,   8 and 9 and the frame of which has at the top a horizontal plate oriented in the direction of movement of the frame and overhanging the pocket, a plate which, after the frame has been introduced into the crusher, forms a sealing device in cooperation with the fixed parts located above it of the crusher carcass, characterized in that the plate (26), a flap (40) for locking the 1: 1 pocket (9) on the frame (13) or a part of the plate (26) or the flap (40) located on the side of the interior of the carcass (1) of the crusher can be raised by rotation.   15. Crusher according to claim 14, characterized in.   that an impact beam (6) is disposed inside the carcass (1) of the crusher in front of the slot between the plate (26), the flap (40) and the part (27) facing them of the carcass (1) of the crusher.