FI97783C - sawing machine - Google Patents

Description

97783

Sawing machine

The invention relates to a saw machine having a blade insert consisting of at least one elongate blade and 5 blade attachment means to which the blade ends are attached, means connected to one end of the blade insert for reciprocating the blade insert substantially substantially in the longitudinal direction of the blade, and at least the blade insert perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade to provide a deflection of the blade, the means being formed by a rotating rod having one end connected to the blade holder and an eccentric body.

15 The present invention is based on the studies "Cutting Force in Woodworking" (dissertation 1950) and "Cutting Force in Frame Sawing", 1959, carried out by the applicant at the State Technical Research Institute, which gave rise to a new type of sawing machine, the so-called

20 for the development of a lever saw.

The blades of the reciprocating saw were attached without circumference and tensioned to the lever system, where the upper part of the blades was pulled at the end of the sawing stroke (= at the beginning of the return stroke). : in the plane of the so-called with a movement guided by the program wheel approx. 5 mm. *. * 25 backwards. This small evasive motion avoided ***. * Large peaks of force on the blades of a traditional circular saw.

lever saws initially two laboratory test saws were built for the State Technical Research Institute, then • · · · 30 one trolling saw for industrial use and the 1970 most advanced test lever saw for the University of Technology. The results were positive for both laboratory and year-round industrial use at the sawmill. The downside of the vi-. ·. · Jigsaw was in itself the complex machine elements required for the small tensioning force of the blades and the appropriate trajectory of the blades.

In 1986, the applicant resumed development work on the sawmill. Since 1990, work has continued in collaboration with the inventors of this patent application. The development work has been based on extensive studies during the lever sawing phase, which included e.g. found that the tensile force required by appropriately guided blades is only a fraction of that of a conventional circular saw blade. These research results, in turn, led to the realization that the 10 low tensile forces are most preferably achieved by attaching a blade gun to a new type of circumference. Thus, the principle of a circular saw was returned.

Among the results, mention should be made of the applicant's successful blade ring, blade positioner and blade guide system disclosed in the applicant's FI patent publications 77397 "Circular saw" and 87153 "Circular saw blade mounting arrangement", in which the lower and upper ends of the ring and blades receive linear movement. In addition, an additional control, the so-called a program wheel synchronized with the main reciprocating movement of the blades 20. The control takes place in such a way that: a tracking roller is connected to the upper end of the support arm of the upper direct output component, which, when pressed by a strong spring, rests on the program wheel in a substantially circular shape. : in the ring. Deviations from the circumference of the circle are transferred by • ·:. ·. Through the 25 components, the otherwise straight-through • · · **!. * Reciprocating cutting path of the blade teeth. In principle, the design of the program wheel provides a relatively appropriate tooth cutting path at low strokes, but structural solutions are cumbersome. Similar difficulties had previously been experienced with the above-mentioned lever saws. For example, in the latest lever saw, ···. the program wheel and tracking roller had to be placed in a housing partially filled with oil. The program wheel solution thus proved to be cumbersome. Furthermore, the solutions were complex and cumbersome, substantially limited to the impact rate and efficiency of 3,97783 machines. In addition, the structure according to FI patent publication 77397 requires a blade circumference, due to which the efficiency of the machine is severely limited.

It is an object of the present invention to provide sawmills in which the above-mentioned disadvantages can be avoided.

The sawing machine according to the invention is characterized in that the other end of the rotary rod is connected to an eccentric body whose rotational speed is synchronized with the longitudinal movement of the blade to provide a substantially elliptical path of movement to the blade in the sawing area.

The sawing machine according to the invention has a simple and light blade control system, thanks to which the machine runs smoothly and vibration-free at different machine speeds. The control system also makes it possible to guide the te-15 in a simple manner with a very advantageous trajectory for sawing. Due to the successful shape of the cutting path, the machine operates without tensioning the blades into the blade circumference.

In the reciprocating part of the reciprocating movement, the blades are subjected to the longitudinal compressive stress of the blades and at the same time to the risk of buckling due to the mass forces. This is greatest at the point of lower death of the blades. According to Euler's studies, known from the theory of strength, the risk of buckling is lowest when the blades are,. : ten here, at both ends in the compression of the planar surfaces.

«·« • ·; . ·. 25 The risk of buckling is also reduced by the blade guides and the short • · · **. * .. ’possibility of buckling. The risk of cooling is proportional to the second power of the free length of the blade and the third power of the blade thickness. If necessary, even a small increase in the thickness of the thin blades will have a strong effect on the blades * · ·. V * 30 for stability.

An embodiment of a saw machine according to the invention. . ···. Fig. 1 schematically shows a saw machine according to the invention from the left feed direction from the left side of the wood, Fig. 2 shows the lower end of the blades. the principle of direct extraction presented here, which is quoted as such from the applicant's FI patent 77397, and Fig. 3 shows the cutting path of the teeth of the central part of the blade on an enlarged scale.

In the figures, reference numeral 1 denotes the machine body. The number 2 denotes a blade and 2a a blade bar to which an assembly assembled from the blades 2 and the snacks and end caps 10 separating them by means of assembly bolts is fitted. The blades are guided laterally from below the wood to be sawn by a guide package 2f and from above a movable guide package 2g.

Reference numeral 3 denotes wood to be sawn, which is fed back and forth at a speed u of substantially vertically moving blades. The blades are moved by a rotating rod 4 articulated to a shaft 2h fixed to the blade beam 2a. The connecting rod 4 is moved from a crank and at the same time 20 flywheels 6 mounted on the shaft 5 by means of a palm 6a, which is driven by a drive wheel 7 arranged on the other side of the body 1 on the same shaft, which in turn is connected to the drive 8 by a belt 7a. . : to an electric motor controlled by a converter.

• «•. ·. 25 The lower end of the blade insert is obtained in the cutting plane of the blades from the control arms 40 of the direct drive component 40 attached to the underside of the machine feed table connected to the shaft 2h. The control of the upper end, in turn, is implemented by a crank-rotation control component 20. The other ends of the control arms of the component • · · V * 30, i.e. the crankshafts (or cranks), are connected to the shaft 2i and the other ends to the eccentric shaft 20b, * ··. for attached eccentric bodies 20c. Attached to the shaft 20b and the drive shaft 5 of the machine are toothed pulleys of the same size, which are connected and synchronized by a toothed belt 35 7c.

As a combined effect of lower and upper blade control> · au I mu I I t m:! 97783 5 the teeth in the middle of the blades (Fig. 1) have a preferred cutting path 4d, Fig. 3. The cutting path of the blades shown in the figure is drawn on a 1: 2 scale machine-operated scale model by attaching a 5 drawing pen to the blade gun so that it lightly presses the machine on attached paper. Ko. the scale model was used to study the properties of a saw machine with an stroke length of 300 mm and an stroke rate of about 1200 1 / min. In this respect, it can be seen from the path of the scale model 10 built 1: 2 that during the downward working stroke of the blade the path is substantially straight; when the blades are at the lower dead center, the evasive action of the upper end strongly influences the shape of the track at the cutting teeth of the blades and at the lower dead center the track is therefore strongly rounded; 15 During the return stroke of the blades, the path is curved backwards and the blade is detached from the bottom of the saw slot; when the blades are at the top dead center, the dodge movement of the upper end has less effect on the shape of the track at the teeth cutting the blade, and at the top dead center of the track, the track is therefore less rounded. In its entirety, the cutting path can be considered in accordance with the objectives, i which means that the teeth of the blades detach from the work- due to its shape, the entire length of the working stroke can be used for efficient sawing. (In traditional circular saws, part of the initial • · · stroke of the stroke is not effective.) • · · # · · * Curvature depending on the blade feed speed u, ie a small tilt of the blades against the feed direction • · · * .: · front- • · ·. * During a 30-blade stroke. For the selection of stooping, a simple control rod (or bar) was developed. , ···, 20a length adjusting component 50.

Figure 1 shows the two-part component open. Attached to its body 51 by pins 52 is the other end of a guide rod 20a of a guide screw 35. At the other end of the control rod is a rack which can be moved by a gear attached to the adjusting shaft 97783 6 53 and the desired position is locked by a clamping bolt 54. A rotary and pointer lever is attached to the adjusting shaft 53 and a component body 51, body cover part, not shown. If there are two control rotary rods, they can have a common adjustment shaft and a tube surrounding the tightening bolt between the body pieces 51, whereby the bending can be locked with the same tightening bolt 54.

Although the control system of the machine embodiment now shown is obviously the most expedient, parallel solutions can also be used: the described simple upper crank-rod control of the blades can also be used to control the lower end of the blades by connecting the control rotors to the shaft 2h.

15 In this case, the width of the track 4d at its center becomes about twice, and the blade guides 2f and 2g cannot be pushed as deep into the blades, - direct lowering of the lower end can alternatively also be realized with conventional slides.

In Fig. D, the diameter of the trajectory of the palm 6a of the drive crankshaft 6 and at the same time the length of the stroke of the blades.

Reference d denotes the diameter of the crank movement of the upper control system 20.

• The low-cost cutting line found in the research is • ·. . ·. 25 was first putty with simple test equipment and now also with the above-mentioned machine-operated model saw with a stroke length of 150 mm. The experiments have a track shape to-. depending on the ratio of the stroke length D of the blades to the length of the guide rotation rods 20a - in tests 1: 2.5 and 1: 3 - • · · * · '' 30 and on the diameter d of the guide crank, which in said small: * · *: the circular saw has 18 mm. The shape of the cutting path 4d can also be influenced by changing the synchronization of the machine's drive and control rotary bars.

* · ’·’ Comparing the new sawmill with the traditional • • «35 35 Haan, from whose research the development of the new sawmill began more than 40 years ago, it can be stated that: 97783 7

The new saw machine is compact, simple in structure, clear and fast-moving, as its reciprocating parts have a mass of only »1/100 compared to a traditional circular saw with the same saw blade-5 thanks to the favorable trajectory of the blade teeth. Thanks to the light moving parts, balancing the machine is not difficult. The balancing is also facilitated by the fact that the rotary rod 4 can be locked in the crank 6a and a palm bearing can be placed inside the crankshaft 6. The thin blades are small, 10 simple and easy to maintain, well supported at both ends in an off-machine and quick-change blade set and supported by complementary blade guides. The system makes it possible to saw thin boards and slats. The number of 15 blades to be sawed at one time is also very freely selectable. Thanks to the high cutting speed and blade guides, thin chips (chips), a good sawing mark and excellent dimensional accuracy of the sawn timber are obtained. Due to the thin blades and good dimensional accuracy, the new sawing machine produces 20 finished products from the same raw material with less raw material loss, which improves the economics of sawing.

·: · It is possible that, thanks to these advantages, the new sawmill will replace the traditional circular saw and: take over areas of use, especially in log sawing e, ·. 25 also from band and circular saws. In addition, the machine is particularly suitable for sawing thin lamellas, for example in the parquet and sports equipment industry.

When a new sawmill cannot be classified as belonging to any previously known type of sawmill, it is • · ·. * 30 elliptical saw used as its working name, blade teeth · * · *: essentially elliptical-like cutting path.

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Claims (3)

97783 1. A sawing machine with a blade insert comprising at least one longitudinal blade (2) and blade attachment means to which the blade ends are attached, means (4, 6, 8) connected to one end of the blade insert for reciprocating the blade insert substantially in the longitudinal direction of the blade, and 10 means (20) connected at least to one end of the blade insert for substantially avoiding the blade (2) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade, the means formed by a rotating rod (20a) having one end connected to the blade insert and an eccentric body 15 (20c), that the other end of the rotating rod (20a) is connected to an eccentric body (20c) whose rotational speed is synchronized with the longitudinal movement of the blade to provide a substantially elliptical path (4d) to the blade (2) in the sawing area. Sawing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (20) for causing the blade (2) to evade are connected to the end of the blade set remote from the end to which the blade set movement means (4, 6, 8) are connected. , and that means (40) are connected to the end of the last-mentioned blade insert for providing a direct export of the tool. Sawing machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (4, 6, 8) for moving the blade set and the means (20; 40) for causing the blade to avoid or direct the blade 30 are connected to the blade set 1 at the same point (2h; 2i). ). - · »• · ·« • I · il · Utti M »m i a: 97783 1. A shielding machine, which comprises a blanket of at least 5 blanks (2) and a shielding blade, in which the blanks are arranged in a manner, (4, 6, 8) having a blanking of the blanks redundancy in the case of redundancies, and in 10 cases (20) the headlamps are used in connection with the redundancy of the headlamps in the case of the headlamps (2), the headlamps in the case of the headlamps in the case of the head (20) bladanordningen, och ett 15 eccentrics (20c), kännetecknad av att vevstakens (20a) and a number of eccentrics (20c), the arm of which is synchronously and synchronously with the blanks of the angles of the four-way unit (see 2) inom 20 sägningsomrädet. ·,: 2. Sägmaskin enligt patent krav 1, kännne - 'tecknad av att medlen (20) för ästadkommande av;, vä jningsrörelsen för bladet (2) is an account of the first-come, first-served basis of the present invention i · - '· 25 ände account vilken medlen (4, 6, 8) som ästadkommer r ϊ.ί: bladanordningens rörelse är anslutna, och att medel (40) M »*, · · för ästadkommande av direkt försel av bladet är kopplade the account is entered in the accounts. :: * ·. 3. Sägmaskin enligt patentkrav 1 eller 2, känn - * · ♦. * J *. 30 net devices (4, 6, 8) in each of the two ways, · bladanordningens rörelse och medlen (20; 40) som ästad- • »# · * 'kommer bladets Väjningsrörelse eller direkt försel är sslutna account bladanordningen vid samma punkt (2h; 2i).