FI65158C - FOERFARANDE FOER NEUTRALISERING AV EN ALKALISK PRODUKT - Google Patents

Description

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(71) (72) Jean Rossi, 30U Route de Lausanne, CH-1293 Bellevue-Geneve,

Switzerland i-Schwei z (CH) (7 * 0 Papula Rein Lahtela Oy () Method for neutralization of alkaline product -

For neutralization of an alkaline product

The invention relates to a process for neutralizing an alkali-treated alkaline product containing lignocellulose. In particular, the invention relates to the treatment of lignocellulosic products, such as straw, for use as feed materials, treated by an alkaline hydrolysis process, after hydrolysis.

Efforts have been made to improve the digestibility of products containing lignocellulose, such as straw, hay, grass, etc., by treating the product with alkali. Such methods are known e.g. from British Patent Publication 1,366,138 and from German Patent Applications 2,208,594 and 2,529,997. In alkali treatment, the aim is to convert poorly digestible lignocellulose into more easily digestible cellulose. The alkali content of the product obtained is generally relatively high, at least a few percent based on the amount of lignocellulose. The high alkali content in the feed causes the feed not to taste good to the animals, e.g. already 1.5 to 2.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide content makes the straw feed uncomfortable for ruminants. In order to remove excessive alkalinity from alkali-treated feed in the above methods, the feed has been shown to be neutralized by treating the product with an acid-reactive substance such as acids, acid salts, etc. In the cited publications, examples of neutralizing substances 2 651 58 are e.g. urea phosphate, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, propionic acid, etc.

Neutralization of an alkalized lignocellulosic product with acids or acidic salts requires a separate neutralization step in which the neutralizing agent is effectively mixed with the alkaline lignocellulosic product. Thus, neutralization with said acids and acid salts increases the production costs while causing an additional processing step as well as raw material costs in the form of neutralizing agents. Neutralizing agents generally do not increase the nutritional value of the alkalized lignocellulosic product.

When a alkaline lignocellulosic product is neutralized with a mineral acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, the salinity of the product becomes quite high. If the alkali content of the product to be neutralized, e.g. sodium hydroxide content is 3% by weight based on the dry matter and the product is neutralized with sulfuric acid, the sodium sulphate content of the product obtained is well above 6% by weight. Thus, high and even higher salt concentrations reduce the use value of the feed.

The object of the present invention is to obviate the above drawbacks and to provide a new method for neutralizing an alkaline product containing lignocellulose. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for neutralizing a product which is flexible and easily incorporated into the process steps used in the alkalization of feed and to make the product more palatable to ruminants. It is a further object of the invention to improve the nutritional value of the feed to be prepared.

For aspects of the invention, reference is made to the claims.

The invention is based on the neutralization of an alkaline lignocellulosic product by means of free fatty acids. When an alkaline lignocellulosic product is treated with fatty acids, these are saponified, i.e. alkali salts of fatty acids are formed. At the same time, neutralization occurs and the alkalinity of the product decreases. The neutralization can be performed by substantially completely neutralizing the alkali hydroxide contained in the lignocellulosic product, or by partially neutralizing. When performing i.

The neutralization of the alkali remaining in the product may be e.g. less than 2% by weight, suitably less than 1.5% by weight and preferably less than 1% by weight as sodium hydroxide, calculated on the dry matter.

Upon neutralization of the free alkali hydroxide contained in the alkaline lignocellulosic product with fatty acids, the product loses its unpleasant taste to ruminants and its palatability is substantially improved. Further, the nutritional value of the feed is improved due to the added fats.

The neutralization of the alkaline product can be carried out, for example, with saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, mono- or polybasic fatty acids having from 12 to 28 carbon atoms, suitably from 16 to 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The addition of fatty acids is conveniently carried out by spraying the fatty acids from the alkaline product onto the surface of the granules formed by granulation. In this case, the fatty acids, in addition to neutralization, partially mask the disgusting taste caused by the unneutralized alkali hydroxide in the product. Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids by spraying to the granulated product is excellent for alkalizing processes of lignocellulosic products such as straw; neutralization does not require additional processing steps and does not substantially incur additional costs.

Neutralization of the alkaline lignocellulosic product with fatty acids can be performed relatively dry, i. 8-30% by weight at a moisture content, e.g. 10-20% by weight at a moisture content. In this case, no special drying step is required after neutralization. In general, neutralization of the product in question with fatty acids does not increase the need for drying.

Neutralization of the lignocellulosic product with fatty acids can also be performed in connection with the mechanical treatment of the product, e.g. by grinding the product mechanically. In this case, the cells of the product break down and the fatty acids can effectively affect the alkali hydroxide contained in the product. Abrasion of the product is particularly important in order to neutralize as far as possible. If necessary, the product can be ground before processing, e.g. by chopping and / or grinding. The grinding of the product can be carried out with extruders conventionally used in the manufacture of feed or with extruders conventionally used in the manufacture of plastics. Furthermore, for the grinding and the neutralization treatment in question, granulators commonly used in the manufacture of fodder can be used, in which the product is fed into a tubular cylindrical space in the walls of which boreholes are formed; the grinding of the product takes place against the inner walls of the cylinder space by means of a pressing and rubbing member, whereby the product is compressed through said bores and granulated.

The process according to the invention is suitable for use in connection with any lignocellulose-containing products known per se, such as alkaline hydrolysis processes. If desired, the neutralizing effect of fatty acids can be enhanced by adding other neutralizing agents to the product, such as mineral acids, organic acids, acid salts of inorganic substances, acid salts of organic substances, etc. Furthermore, these fatty acids can be used in excess, which significantly improves the nutritional value of the feed. At the same time, neutralization should be performed more completely due to the excess of fatty acids.

The invention is described in detail below by means of your embodiments.

Example 1

The experiment treated the product obtained by hydrolysis of straw with sodium hydroxide containing 1.8% by weight of free sodium hydroxide.

The product was granulated in the so-called with a collision type granulator. A mixture of fatty acids containing 12 to 28 carbon atoms was sprayed onto the granules. The amount of the treated product was 970 parts by weight, the amount of fatty acids used in the treatment was> 30 parts by weight. After treatment, the product was found to contain 1.3% by weight of free hydroxide.

Example 2

The product obtained by hydrolysis of straw with sodium hydroxide containing 1.6% by weight of free sodium hydroxide was treated in the experiment.

The product was granulated as in Example 1. To the granulated product, 850 parts by weight, was added 150 parts by weight of a fat mixture containing free fatty acids having 12 to 28 carbon atoms. The sodium hydroxide content of the obtained product was found to be 0.5% by weight.

I! 5 65158

Example 3

The product prepared in Example 1 was offered to cattle. For comparison, cattle were simultaneously offered a similar product obtained by hydrolysis of straw with sodium hydroxide and granulated. The cattle used the products within 6 hours after breakfast as follows:

Consumption per animal wt% per total / g of consumption Untreated product 87.5 16.7

Product neutralized with fatty acids 437.5 83.3

Example 4

The product prepared in Example 2 was offered to cattle. For comparison, cattle were simultaneously offered a similar product obtained by hydrolysis of straw with sodium hydroxide and granulated. The cattle used the products within 6 hours after breakfast as follows:

Consumption per animal wt% of total / g of consumption Untreated product 150 16.7

Product neutralized with fatty acids 750 83.3 6 65158

Example 5

In one experiment, cattle were offered alkali hydrolyzed straw as such, hydrolyzed product neutralized with 5% HCl, and hydrolyzed product neutralized with 5% fatty acids having 16-18 carbon atoms. For comparison, all products were offered to cattle at the same time. The cattle used the products within 30 minutes as follows:

Consumption per animal / g

Alkalized straw 250

Alkalized and 5% HCl 280 neutralized straw

Alkalized and 5% ras- 760 neutralized straw (C ,, - C, J neutralized straw over 4 hours, the corresponding feed consumption figures per animal were as follows:

Consumption per animal / g

Alkalized straw 650

Alkalized and 5% HC 1 875 neutralized straw

Alkalized and neutralized with 5% ras- 1925 waxes (C 1-4)

The experiments show the consumption and palatability of the straw feed prepared according to the invention compared to the conventional alkaline and mineral acid neutralized corresponding straw feed.

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Claims (7)

7 65158 A process for neutralizing an alkaline product containing an alkali-treated lignocellulose, characterized in that a fatty acid containing 12 to 28 carbon atoms, suitably 16 to 13 carbon atoms, is added to the alkaline product. A method according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline product is granulated, characterized in that the fatty acid is added by spraying on the surface of the granules of the granulated product. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the product is vigorously rubbed mechanically after the addition of the fatty acid. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fatty acid addition 15 is carried out at a moisture content of 8 to 30% by weight of the alkaline product, preferably 10 to 20% by weight. Process according to one of Claims 1, 3 to 4, characterized in that the product is treated with an extruder after the addition of fatty acid. Method according to one of Claims 1, 3 to 5, characterized in that, after the addition of fatty acid, the product is fed into a tubular cylinder chamber with holes formed in the walls and the product rubbed against the inner walls of the cylinder space by pressing and rubbing against the inner walls of the cylinder. . Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fatty acid is added in excess, based on the equivalent weight. 30 «