FI59823B - FOER FARING RIVNING AV MASSABALAR OCH MASKIN HAERFOER - Google Patents

Description

• JAN-.I Tri monthly publication „Λ Ä

JgljB LJ (1) UTLÄGGNINGSSKRIFT 59823 ^ (45) (51) Side / side. ^ D J2 V 13 1/04 · FINLAND —FINLAND (21) P »« nttlhik * mu * - Pit «nt« n * Sknin | 75 295 7 (22) Htktmltpilvi - Ansäknlngtdif 22.10 * 75 (23) The beginning of the cloud — Glltlfh «t * d» j 22 -JQ 75 (41) Tullut | external «kil —Bllvlt offtntllg _i -. _ /

National Board of Patents and Registration .... ..,,, .., * '* l., (+4) Date of issue and date of publication - q „

Patent-och registerstyreisen Ansäkan utiajd och utl.ikrift.n pubikcrad 30.06.Ö1 (32) (33) (31) Requested «« »right — B * | lrd prloritst 23.10.7 ^

Sweden-Sweden (SE) 74-13329-9 (71) (72) Carl Fritiof Stanley Olsson, Kampastigen 4, S-352 52 Växjö,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for tearing cellulose bales, in which case they are placed against a tearing tool and are substantially treated with the same method and method for tearing cellulose bales. from the surface facing the whole tool, for example in the manufacture of lint for diapers, etc. These products are currently made from strip-shaped, chemical cellulose in the form of rolls and fed inside a mill, usually of the hammer type, which breaks the strip so that the fibers are separated. However, for economic reasons, attempts have been made to start production from chemical sheet cellulose or defibered groundwood, which is cheaper, but hitherto known devices for defibrulating pulp significantly shorten the fibers, which degrades the quality of the final product.

In order to tear whole cellulose bales, e.g. two different rippers. In another (Swedish patent specification 355 613) the whole bale is cut transversely to the direction of the sheet, about 3 cm from the front edge of the bale, after which the strips thus obtained are defibrated in two steps by means of two mills. In another tearer (Swedish patent 334,811), the bale sheets are torn by means of a plurality of tear racks placed below the surface of the lowest sheet.

59823 2

In the former ripper, a certain shortening of the fibers is achieved as a result of the shear. In the second ripper, the fibers become shortened as the tools saw inside the sheets from their surface.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method as described above, characterized in that the cellulose is separated from the bale by bringing the surface to be treated partly against the first group of tools, the plurality of substantially parallel grooves being raised on the surface to be treated and partly against the second group of tools. the side surfaces of the raised grooves are treated. The device according to the invention comprises a conveyor for feeding bales against tearing tools arranged to treat the entire bale surfaces turned against the tools, and the device is characterized in that the tools include a first group of tools arranged to provide a plurality of grooves substantially parallel to each other. surfaces and into a second Tool Group arranged to handle the side surfaces of the raised grooves.

Plate-type bales here mean the so-called in the form of bales, the so-called "fling" dried ("throw dried") cellulose. The production of such cellulose takes place mainly as follows. The diluted cellulose suspension with a concentration of 3 ... 5% is pumped to the receiving machine. Here, water is removed from the cellulose by means of round or flat wire trays or directly in the compression range to a dry matter content of 45 ... 50%. The cellulose bale is then defibrated in a grinder and the cellulose thus treated is conveyed by compressed air to a dryer. Drying can be divided into two or more stages. The ground, wet cellulose (flakes, fiber agglomerates) is then separated in a wet cellulose cyclone and dropped down into the first stage injector. Here, the cellulose is mixed with the hot drying gases and, during drying, is transferred via a fan and a drying line to a drying cyclone, where the cellulose is separated and falls down to the second drying stage. In the following drying steps, the process is repeated, after which the pre-dried cellulose falls down to the cooling step. From this, the cellulose is transferred by means of compressed air to a plate press.

The plate press includes a mold into which the fiber agglomerates fall. After a certain amount of fiber agglomerate has been fed into the mold, the feed is cut off and a press plate having the inner dimensions of the mold is pressed down into the mold where it compresses the fiber agglomerates together. The press plate is then raised and the mold is filled with a new amount of fiber agglomerate, which the press plate then compresses again. This procedure is repeated until the contents of the mold have reached a height of 8-12 cm, at which point the contents of the mold are removed in the form of a plate.

Thus, a new fiber layer is formed with each compression. These fiber layers are visible on the outer edges of the well-finished board (slab). Each layer consists of tightly compressed and flattened fiber agglomerates. Usually 4-6 such plates are placed on top of each other, after which they are pressed together again in a conventional bale press into a bale weighing 200-3,250 kg, which then has a volumetric weight of about 800 kg / m 3.

If an attempt is made to break up such a bale, it will be seen that the plates can be easily separated. It is much more difficult to break a particular disk. This is most easily done by inserting a knife blade or other such means between two layers of fiber on the surface and peeling off the layer one after the other from the top of the board. Therefore, this fact has been taken into account in the processing according to the invention.

Thus, when a bale in which the plates are located horizontally is fed towards the machining means according to the invention, the impact of the tools first hits the uppermost fibrous layer of the uppermost plate. If the uppermost fibrous layer is at the same height above the conveyor belt as the tool blade when this is vertically below the center of the axis, then the tool blade applies an impact to the horizontal fibrous layer directly against the feed direction of the layer. If, on the other hand, the uppermost fibrous layer is at the same height above the conveyor belt as the tool blade, when this is at the same height as the center of the shaft, then the tool blade impacts the fiber layer almost directly from below and lifts the ply upwards. All other angles of impact are between these two extreme cases.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show an embodiment of the machine on which the procedure is carried out. In this case, Figs. 1 and 6 show a side view of a machine according to the invention, Figs. 2 and 3 show machining means, Fig. 4 a profile of a cellulose bale against tools during machining and Fig. 5 a detailed view of two shafts, tools (6,7) and stops (23).

Figure 1 shows a machine according to the invention for tearing bales 1 consisting of plates 2. These bales 1 are fed by means of a belt conveyor 3 towards a shredder indicated in its entirety by the number 4. This shredder consists of parallel, horizontal shafts arranged in a common plane inclined in relation to the longitudinal direction of the bales, and which are made to rotate in a manner not shown in more detail. The shafts rotate counterclockwise. Attached to the shafts are tools 6,7 which, when the bale is fed forward, tear the bale apart by striking the fibrous layers and lifting them off the bale. On the side of the shredder away from the bale, the device is provided with a guide plate 8 which leads the torn material down from the bale to a container 9 located below it. A sieve plate 22 with holes of about 15 mm is placed between the container 9 and the shredder 4. , so that any bale pieces that are too large cannot fall down into the hopper, but will be pulled back in and machined by tools 6,7. The belt conveyor 10 with a handle moves the fibers out of the tank 9, whereby the lower edge of the tank acts on the other side as the wiper 11 of the conveyor 10, so that a smooth outlet of the fibers from the tank is obtained. This conveyor results in a machine (not shown) that defibrates the cellulose finely. The container side 12 opposite the wiper is connected at the top directly to the bale feeding conveyor 3. In addition, the control damper 8 and the container 9 are connected to side dampers, which are not shown for the sake of clarity. In addition, a level relay 21 is placed in the tank 9, which cuts off the bale conveyor when the tank is full, so that no damage occurs in the plant and work-saving automation is achieved in the machine.

Above the bales 1, two protective plates 13 and 14 are arranged, on the one hand for protection against the spread of fibers and on the other hand for tools. These guards, one of which is in one plane and the other 13 of which is angular, are connected to the wire 15 by means of a folding roller 16, so that the angular damper 13, R 5 98 2 · 3, articulated at an angle, senses the bale height and adjusts the guide rollers. 17 and 18, the height of the cover 14 · so that this effectively covers the tearing device. The position of these dampers can possibly control the feed rate of the conveyor 3, so that the amount of torn cellulose coming from the shredder is constant, regardless of the thickness of the bales. This control can take place, for example, in a manner known per se by means of thyristors. The bales can be guided along the conveyor 3 with guide rollers not shown laterally.

The counterclockwise rotating shafts are shown in more detail in Figures 2 and 3. The tools 6 and 7 are mounted on the shafts 5 in pairs facing each other outwards from the shafts by means of rivet joints 19, so that during rotation the tools 6 and 7 of the tool pair work the same groove in succession. The tools are made sharp so that V-shaped grooves are provided in the bale. However, the tool 6 is then sharper and slightly longer than the tool 7, which results in the groove profile shown in Fig. 4. In addition, the tools 6 and 7 are arranged alternately along the shafts 5 so that the wider tools 7 will produce the aforementioned, varying impacts on the ridges between the grooves, followed by tearing of the fibers, as shown in Fig. 4 on the left.

Finally, Fig. 5 shows how the stops are arranged between the tool-equipped shafts in the form of angle irons 23, so as to prevent the breaking of too large pieces. One could also think of providing this counter-effect by synchronizing the different axes 5 according to Figure 1, so that the tools on the nearest axis act as stops. This could also bring with it a more even load on the drive motor of the shredder.

It is convenient to place a pipe 24 with spreading holes at least in the lowest angle iron or elsewhere to add steam or water to the cellulose if it is desired to reduce the dry matter content.

In order to obtain as even a supply as possible from the tank to the finishing finisher and thus to the final product, the shredder 4 and the conveyor 3 are dimensioned for a larger capacity than would otherwise be needed, so that there is always enough material in the tank.

59823

O

According to the idea of the invention, it is important that the tools do not have cutting blades that could cut the fibers. According to Figure 2, they also do not have to be directed radially outwards from the center of the axis, but can be displaced so as to form a positive or negative angle with the radius of rotation.

The processing according to the invention takes place e.g. also with tools of two different types, 6 and 7. The function of the previous tool 6 is to provide grooves in the surface of the bale with a suitable width and mutual distance. This tool has a depth effect and is longer than the latter. Once the tool 6 has made a groove, the tool 7 spreads it on the sides and thus has a mainly lateral effect. The tools are arranged systematically on their shafts in the manner shown in Figures 2 and 3. These show that the tools are arranged in two rows (a and b), which can of course be more. The tools can also be placed, for example, on sectors of a circle. In each tool row, every other tool is of type 6 and every other is of type 7. When the machining of the bale surface has reached continuity, the surface has acquired the appearance shown in Fig. 4. If the grooves are marked from left to right with the letters A, B, C, D, etc., then the tools in row a are at the same time in the following grooves: tool a6 in groove A, tool a7 in groove B, tool a6 in groove C, tool a7 in groove D, and so on. When the shaft has rotated half a turn, the tools are in the following grooves: tool b7 in groove A, tool b6 in groove B, tool b7 in groove C, tool b6 in groove D, etc. Tool 7 then applies varying impacts to the ridges shown in Fig. 4 on both sides thereof. In this case, the ridges become cut as a result of varying impacts on their sides in the manner shown in Fig. 4. Since the tool 6 is narrower than the tool 7, there is room for expansion of the ridges to move laterally before they break completely. In this respect, the machining according to the invention is sulfur breaking rather than tearing. When the ridges break, the bonds between the fiber agglomerates break at their weakest points. This results in complete defibration without or with negligible degradation of the individual fibers.

A considerable part of the defibration work is also carried out in such a way that the loose material is in rapid motion and then applies 7 considerable friction against the surface of the bale and against the fibers still attached here. Tools on rotating shafts maintain this inter-fiber friction. Once the fibrous material has been removed within the lower shaft machining area, the tools take the material in its direction of rotation along the bale surface and throw it straight up, tangentially, into the upper shaft tool circumference, where it becomes trapped and re-introduced along the bale surface. with. This is repeated until the top of the baffle takes the substance down again on the opposite side of the shredder (4) and the substance is ejected at a high speed downwards towards the sieve plate (22). The fiber agglomerates that are still too large to pass through the sieve holes are further introduced by the tool tips of the lowest shaft, which extend over the surface of the sieve at a distance of about 3 mm, and undergo a new treatment when recirculated in the shredder (4).

The procedure described above for tearing bales of discarded dried cellulose and the equipment used for this are also very suitable in a belt dryer for the drying of conventionally dried cellulose, i.e. to tear the cellulose in sheet form. Such a cellulose bale is fed into the machine with the sheets horizontally. The tools then apply the same effect to the horizontal sheets as described above for the fiber layers of the cast-dried cellulose. The point which distinguishes the two types of cellulose in terms of processing is that the fibers of the sheet cellulose (strip-dried cellulose) are more or less clearly oriented in the opposite direction than the fibers of the cast-dried cellulose. Therefore, sheet cellulose becomes much tougher and more difficult to tear. One consequence of this is that the cutting effect described above is reduced and the ridges do not break until they have become higher and are more strongly affected by the tools.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the tools are arranged on a rotating shaft, but the tools can also be arranged in succession on one or more chains or belts running around the wheels or folding wheels. Another modification is that the tools are placed, for example, on tool bars used by the eccentric, possibly guided by guides, which, when the tools contact the surface of the cellulose bale, give them upward movement.

Claims (15)

1. A method for decomposing piles of bales, which are fed to decomposing tools and processed ρδ substantially all of their surface facing the tools, characterized in that pulp is separated from the bale by moving the processed surface partly to a first group of tools, a plurality of one another substantially parallel grooves are received in the machined surface, and partly against a second set of tools, whereby the side surfaces of the occupied grooves are processed. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass remaining between the grooves is wasted, pressed or bent in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the grooves. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each groove is alternately machined ρδ depth and ρδ width, whereby when a groove of a tool in the first group is machined ρδ depth, the groove surrounding the pulp is pressed, bent or folded against this spurs of adjacent tools in the other group. 4. A method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the seed bale separates larger or smaller pieces of mass, preferably the seed areas between the grooves, one or more tufts are passed along the processed surface of the bale so that a grinding effect is achieved between the separated the pieces and the machined surface. 5. A method according to claim 4 characterized in that separated pieces of pulp are fed along the processed surface until they are reduced to a certain maximum size, after which they are separated. Apparatus for decomposing pulp bales according to any of claims 1-5, 2 wherein the apparatus comprises a conveyor (3) for feeding the bales to 3 decomposing tools (6, 7) adapted to process substantially all of the 4 of the tools face the surfaces of the bales (1) characterized in that the 5 tools comprise partly a first group of tools (6) arranged to provide a plurality of substantially parallel grooves in the faces facing 7 of the bales (1). ) and, secondly, a second set of tools (7) arranged 8 to process the side surfaces ρδ the occupied grooves. 12 59823 Device according to claim 6, characterized in that tools (6, 7) in the first and second groups are arranged on at least one rotatable shaft (5), which is directed transversely to the feed direction of the conveyor (3). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the tools are arranged in radial plane projections to the shaft (5), the tools (6) in the first group having a greater radial length but less axial width due to the machining parts than the tools (7). the second group and wherein tools from the first and second groups are arranged alternately one after the other in the direction of rotation in one and the same of at least two radial planes to the shaft. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that a tool in the first group (6) and in the second group (7) is arranged alternately in axial direction along the shaft (5). Apparatus according to any one of claims 6-9 characterized by a plurality of substantially parallel, tool-provided shafts (5), which are rotatably arranged over the conveyor (3) and directed transversely thereto parallel to its pane, whereby filler means (23) are arranged. in level with each shaft to prevent the tools (6, 7) pf each shaft from removing excessively large masses of fit. 11. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that tools in the first and second groups are mounted on one or more belts extending over at least one upper and at least one lower pulley. 12. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that tools in the first and second groups are arranged on one or more chains extending over at least one upper and at least one lower gear. 13. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that tools in the first and second groups are arranged according to rods which are arranged for a resilient movement in the area of the machined surface of the bale. Device according to the figure of claims 11-13, characterized in that the tools (6, 7) are arranged protruding from the plane of movement of the belts, chains or rods in the area of the machined surface of the bale (1), wherein the tools (6) in the first the group has a greater refinement of the plane of operation projecting