FI109051B - Air conditioning device - Google Patents

Description

1 109051

The present invention relates to an air conditioner consisting of recovery cells, inlet and outlet ducts leading to a room, and inlet and outlet ducts at the other end of the device, wherein the airflow is guided by a plurality of axes.

Ventilation must take into account the energy recovery of the exhaust air, the balancing of the humidity and the cooling / heating. In addition, geographically, these factors have different meanings. In cold areas, heat recovery is important, while in the middle zone, cooling and humidity balancing are also prioritized, while in the warm zone, cooling and dehumidification are paramount.

It has been found that cooling (cooling) costs about six times more than heating.

15 Cooling the outdoor air to the indoor air requires a lot of energy in the warm zone. Due to the high connection power required by the compressors of refrigeration equipment, their use with renewable energies is in practice not justified.

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The relative humidity of the interior tends to be too high in summer and too high in the heating season; ;;; 20 low. This is because warm air can contain more moisture. Expensive dryers and humidifiers are needed to achieve the ideal; .. moisture balance.

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Humidity when condensed - condensation - releases heat and when controlled - i »* · evaporative - binds heat. Skillful exploitation of these natural phenomena. · ·. 25 The relative humidity of the indoor air can be balanced and energy consumption reduced.

i · t |. > Dehumidifying the air is harder and more expensive than simply cooling. The solution

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. ···. recycled indoor air has been suggested even once, but the problem is the lack of fresh air. People, animals and buildings themselves need fresh air. Reason * * * ·! ' '. Such solutions include high energy consumption of conventional technology.

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In addition to moisture damage, condensation in the heat recovery cells causes the cell to freeze in frost without additional heating. In bakeries conventional 2 109051 plate heat exchangers, moisture with flour and yeast dust forms '' dough '' in the cells, preventing air from passing through the cell. In this case, for example, the heat of the furnaces cannot be recovered.

Heated air may contain more moisture than cold air. Heated and humid air, led to 5 ducts, can cause mold damage as the mold only needs moisture and heat to grow.

Indoor air pollution causes great health and economic damage, not to mention comfort. All people, including humans, animals and plants, are affected.

10 The outdoor air may be cleaner than the indoor air, but in cities and specifically in the industrial environment, outdoor air is dirtier than indoor air.

If the filters are not replaced according to the instructions, the impurities will increase. If the filter is in a sufficiently warm and humid place, bacteria will begin to grow on its surface, in the worst case even deadly legionella.

There are particles in the air whose size / diameter varies with the naked eye - more than 5 micrometres, only visible under a special microscope - less than 0.1 micrometres in diameter. The major contaminants are, for example, hair, pollen and coal dust. Smaller than this include bacteria, lung damaging dust, sulfur compound, oil mist and lead oxide. The smallest are * · · viruses and smoke.

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Air filters can be roughly divided into coarse filters, which clean the visible dirt * «·» *, fine and electric filters, which also clean. 25 microscopes show visible impurities and lastly, hepa filters that clean; virtually all impurities.

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For all these known purposes, various solutions have been developed and are methods known per se. The present invention provides a solution to the above problems * »; “, 30 on one device. The invention can combine and maximize values that are functions of: 1.

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Accumulating mass, 2. Heat transferring coolness and moisture transfer area, 3. Air flow rate and time to condensation point.

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Every professional knows the effect of these quantities. Another important aspect of the present invention is the simplicity of the solution and the low manufacturing costs, as well as the low power requirement of the device. The air conditioner according to the invention is characterized in that the two baffles 5 consist of rotatable flanges having air vents known per se and controlled separately. As the baffles rotate periodically, the direction of the air flows is changed. The air flows to and from the air conditioner are tracked by means of fans known per se so that the air vents in the baffles are at the same location.

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In winter, the regenerative countercurrent heat recovery cell operates in such a way that by the time the warm and humid indoor air passes through the cell, impurities are diverted as heat is transferred from the air to the cell, whereupon moisture is condensed on the cell surface.

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The patent FI 100133 is known for recovery of the cells and control panels in accordance with the invention, the difference invention is that the inner and steer the outside air ducts are always on the same side of telteenottokennoja (the apparatus has a warm and a cold end) and the fact that the air openings are always same 'I' of the cell where the patent has I t · 1 ;;; 20 channels and air vents are always at different cells. In the patent, the trackpad is controlled

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air currents in the same direction, instead of the icing above I !! airflow directions utilizing the countercurrent principle. The invention provides e.g. the following • ·, - ·. advantages (including VTT / 4.10.1995; RTE10406 / 95 and SINTEF / 1982-08-11 / STF15 F 82029, 1982-05- * 28/150164 based on tests): 1) very high temperature efficiency (VTT: 87.8 %; 25 SINTEF: 98%). 2) In hot (above 30 ° C) and humid (relative humidity above 80%) '' * '': in outdoor conditions, the unit even cools the indoor air by 3-5 ° C without additional energy. 3) When used properly, the cell does not freeze. 4) Low connection power. 5) Equalize the relative humidity of the indoor air by 38 to 67%. The device according to FI100133 does not have such functions and is not so high>,; efficiency because it works on a downstream basis.

The effect of the device of the invention on temperatures and humidity is shown below. In summer, if the indoor temperature is 23 ° C, the air contains 7 g / m3 of water, which means a relative humidity of 41%.

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When the cell temperature reaches 30 ° C at 23 ° C, water flows out with max. 6 g / m3. If 30 ° C the cell cools down to 23 ° C; water comes in (26 g - 17 g =) 9 g, because at 23 ° C the saturated air contains 17 g of water.

5 When it is warm and humid outside, the relative humidity of the indoor air also tends to rise due to losses. Even then, the invention maintains the relative humidity of the indoor air at about 45%.

In winter, the invention works as follows: - 10 ° C air contains 2 g / m3 water. It warms up to + 20 ° C inside, where it absorbs 14 g of moisture. The effluent (air at 20 ° C) is 7 g / m3. When cooled to -10 ° C, it can only take out 2 g. The difference (7-2) is 5 g + 2 g so the device can bring back 7 g of water. Due to losses (10%), however, the relative indoor humidity drops to about 30% in winter.

If the conventional indoor air cooling of the invention is not sufficient, separate evaporative cooling, i.e. evaporative cooling, can be used as follows: By saturating the exhaust air (+ 20 ° C = water 16 g / m3), we obtain an efficient cooling device. Outdoor air +30 ° C (water 25 g / m3). As the indoor air passes through the cell, its humidity rises from 16 g to 25 g = a difference of 9 g / m3, or about 30% from 25 g. When controlling the outdoor water, the water cools the cells (binds heat) in the same proportion (25-16 = 9, ie .. · j about 30%); ie evaporation of moisture from the cell cools the cell and air (+ 20 ° C 30% =) ••• 20 approx. 6 ° C. Theoretically, a loss of 10% is thus about 5 ° C, which is also equivalent to practical tests at 3-5 ° C (SINTEF / 02/07/1982).

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»· * · ·. ···. In Aittomäki, A., Karkiainen, S., Vehmaan-Kreula, M., Swimming Pools i · t; '. Air Dehumidification System Comparison, Tampere University of Technology, Energy and Process Engineering, UDC • · * 25 694.97,725.74, Report 131, Tampere 1997, ISBN 951-722-938-0, ISSN 1238-4747, states: '': on page 36:. :. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results: - The larger the heat recovery area, the less the heat pump

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•••, 30 reduces heat consumption.

* * ·. '. : - Increasing the heat recovery surface area reduces heat consumption more than * * evaporation surface area increase.

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The target humidity of the air in the hall has a strong effect on heat consumption. On the other hand, the outdoor temperature limiting temperature (-10 or 0 ° C) has no significant effect.

The heat pump can reduce energy costs, but the difference is too small to cancel out the investment.

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The apparatus according to the invention has a regenerative heat recovery as well as a drying function on the adsorption principle (surface increase). As described above, the invention can be further combined with a heat pump rigid system, whereupon any residual moisture is removed in the evaporator. Thus, one unit can have all the 10 essential functions required for air drying.

The cells of the apparatus according to the invention are alternately warm and cool, in which case the moisture in the air is alternately condensed and evaporated. Because of this important feature, the appliance also works well in bakeries.

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Access to pollen and other pollutants can be prevented by installing a filter at the end of the recovery cell, which is on the outside, whereby air contaminants will adhere to it and return to the inlet side without changing the air or heat recovery cell. An important advantage of the invention is that no air filter is required. 20 cleans, so that its cleaning power remains new and free of bacterial growth. By changing the filter types, the cleaning efficiency is changed. For example, ···, hospitals can use hepa filters when lower filtration efficiency is sufficient elsewhere.

. * * \ The filter must be selected so that impurities in the indoor air can pass through it but in the outside:. impurities get trapped in it.

• «t 25 Through-pass regenerative heat recovery units may freeze cells. This:: Due to the fact that the flaps cause underpressure, the moisture in the air can condense into water on the surfaces of the cells. Due to the additional heating needed, the energy economy suffers as well: "': the cost of manufacturing is increased and thus the payback period is long.

* · · 30, ·. A: In the invention, the baffles can be guided by different axes. One embodiment of the invention is that the deflector air-side baffle can be controlled to turn with a delay, thereby further minimizing the mixing of air currents in the cell.

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An advantage of the invention is that in large units the long axis is twisted, whereby the deflection of the baffles is not controlled.

5 In a warm zone, the heat recovery cell will keep it warm outside. If the air coming from the heat recovery cell is still too warm, it can be directed downstream from the condenser of the cooling unit to the evaporator, from where it is cooled to the interior. A conventional cooling system uses a compressor to cool the outside air (eg from 40 ° C) to the indoor air (20 ° C). About 1.5 kW of energy is required. When 90% of the difference in outdoor and indoor air temperature is kept outside in the invention, the compressor only needs to cool down to 10% (2 ° C as exemplified). The connection power requirement is only about 200 W. The cooling system consists of a well-known compressor, heat transfer medium with piping and other equipment, and a condenser and evaporator.

The invention can also be used in connection with conventional cooling, ventilation and heat recovery systems, whereby the inlet ducts leading to the open air are first directed to a device according to the invention, after which the air is led to a cooling or ventilation unit. By arrangement, conventional devices achieve the invention;

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Conventional ventilation heat recovery and refrigeration equipment:: Payback times are very long. In addition to the price, the question of heat recovery equipment is the additional energy required for melting.

... · On the other hand, outdoor air heat pumps can not operate in frost. Again, exhaust air heat pumps are of no use when '· · * outdoor air is warmer than indoor air. Their annual operating time is thus very short.

If both systems were needed, the price would rise even higher. In the Finnish conditions (winter) and the average electricity prices here, the appliance ... ... · has a payback period of about three years. In combination with a refrigeration unit and; : 30 Depending on warm US conditions (summer) and average electricity prices there, the payback period may be as low as one year. The very good Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) is due to the long annual utilization time, 7 109051, which is practically all year round as the unit can function as a heat pump in both winter and summer.

Utility model No 4123 discloses a general-purpose regenerative air-conditioning system with 5 countercurrent currents, without elaborating on the method of reversing airflow directions.

Various embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows schematically the air conditioner and the air flows traced to the air conditioner.

The air conditioner consists of the recovery cells 1, 2, the inlet and outlet ducts 4 to the room and the inlet and outlet ducts 6 to the open air. The air flows 15 are controlled by rotating baffles 7, 8. The baffles 7, 8 consist of flanges rotating about their axes and having air apertures 11, 12 fixed on different steering axles 9, 10.

The baffles 7, 8 are located on different axes 9, 10 on both sides of the recovery cells 1, 2.

The baffles 7, 8 have even air openings 11, 12, through which the air flows are alternately directed to the recovery cells 1, 2, in which the directions of the air flows are opposite and they change • periodically. Air flows are separated by arrows. The openings 11, 12 in the baffles 7, 8 are at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The pressure equalization chambers in the upper and lower portions * »· 13, 14 have fixed partitions 15, 16. The baffle can be rotated by means of a timer ... · parallel or reciprocal or even continuous by rotating the motor by rotation speed« I *. · '(Not shown). The recovery cells 1, 2 are long in the direction of the air flow 25 and their length is 2-5 times their width. Recovery cells are interchangeable • t ;;; 'Depending on the climate and the conditions in which the appliance is used, eg by improving heat recovery or evaporative »·> · *; * operation, ie cooling. The structural mass, surface area, turbulence and: airflow velocity of the cells 1, 2 will vary according to these different conditions. The heat recovery efficiency ·; · 'as well as the humidity balancing can be adjusted with a timer so that the shifting cycles or rotational speeds of the baffles 30 are adjustable. Recovery cells 1, 2 to the open air

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. An air filter 17 is installed at the ends of the conduits 5, 6, which prevents the entry of outdoor pollutants, but during the next period allows the smaller 8109051 indoor pollutants to pass through, also carrying outside air contaminants adhered to the filter.

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Claims (10)

1. Air conditioner consisting of recovery cells (1,2), supply air (3) and fresh air ducts (4) for a room and supply air (5) and fresh air ducts (6) for outdoor air at the other end of the device, and in which air conditioner air flows has been controlled by means of rotating guide plates (7, 8), characterized in that the guide plates (7, 8) consist of flaps which rotate about their axis and which are fixed to different guide shafts (9, 10), which flaps have known air outlets (11,12) which are in turn located at the same recovery cell (1, 2). Air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control plates (7, 8) have pairs of arranged air outlets (11, 12) through which air outlets the air streams have been routed in turn to the recovery cells (1,2), where the directions of the air streams change periodically. Air conditioning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an air filter (17) has been installed towards the end of the recovery cells (1,2) to (5) and extract air ducts (6) for outdoor air. Air-conditioning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide plates (7, 8) are circular flaps which have sector-shaped air outlets (11, 12). An air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that • · · · • ·. the guide plates (7, 8) are located on different shafts (9, 10) to which axes have been coupled to different motors by means of which the control plates (7, 8) are arranged to rotate about their axis. »· · # .. t An air conditioner according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by * ·. · · ·. of the control plates (7, 8) being arranged to rotate with delay in relation to the * ·. · - *, second touchpad. Air conditioning device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized | by allowing the air conditioner to be installed in conjunction with the usual • * *. the heat recovery and cooling apparatus. · · /. An air conditioner according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by »· ·. · · ·, That the recovery cells (1,2) can be replaced in accordance with the operating conditions of the »#» »* device, i.e. in a cold climate, heat recovery is primary, in a hot climate, eating "cooling; i.e. evaporative function is important, and in a humid climate, dehumidification is essential." Air conditioning device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the benefit ratio between heat recovery and moisture equalization can be controlled with a timer so that the switching periods, delay or rotation speeds of the control plates can be changed. I * »·»