ES2697692B2 - MACHINE TOOL FOR MACHINING IN LONGITUDINAL HOLES - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE TOOL FOR MACHINING IN LONGITUDINAL HOLES

Technical sector

The present invention is related to the industry dedicated to machine tools, and more specifically to the industry dedicated to machine tools for machining being the machining tool displaced through longitudinal gaps.

State of the art

At present, the need to carry out machining tasks in longitudinal gaps is known, said longitudinal gaps being necessarily machined being the machining tool displaced therethrough.

An example of this situation occurs in shipbuilding. Some boats have at one end of them some panels or bulkheads, arranged to support through the same elements such as motors and axles. These panels, once arranged in their location with holes defining the corresponding longitudinal gap, are crossed by a machine tool for machining work.

Currently the solution used is to arrange an axis through the longitudinal recess, said axis being arranged according to a fixed location in the longitudinal recess. Additionally, the shaft is configured to carry a head with the machining tool to be used. Likewise, said axis rotates with respect to a central longitudinal axis thereof, so that the machining tool it carries rotates with it to perform a corresponding positioning and / or machining.

This solution has a serious drawback, such as the fact of requiring a longitudinal element, such as the shaft, which needs to be turned to perform the corresponding positioning and / or machining.

Most of the axis is exposed, that is to say without covering, in order to enable the Machining tool moves along it to position itself as required at all times. This problem is exacerbated in spaces of small dimensions by considerably increasing the chances of unwanted contact by operators or other elements with the axis while it is rotating.

In view of the described disadvantage or limitation of the present solution, a solution that allows machining in the longitudinal gaps in an efficient and safe manner is necessary.

Object of the invention

In order to meet this objective and solve the technical problems discussed so far, in addition to providing additional advantages that can be derived later, the present invention provides a machine tool for machining in longitudinal gaps comprising an axis to be arranged through of a longitudinal gap; fixing means for fixing the shaft according to a location in the longitudinal recess; a head for carrying at least one machining tool, the head being linearly movable along the axis.

The machine tool of the invention additionally comprises a carriage configured to be linearly displaced along the axis and arranged to linearly displace the head; and turning means configured to transmit a turn to the head with respect to the carriage and the axle. In this way, the possibility of generating damage to operators or elements close to the axis is prevented since it is kept still even during use.

The turning means comprise at least one pinion, a second motor-reducer and a toothed crown, so that the motor-reducer drives the pinion to rotate and the pinion engages with the toothed crown. Preferably, the pinion and the second motor-reducer are arranged in the carriage and the crown gear in the head.

Accordingly, the machine tool can comprise for greater safety at least one anchor and one cover, the cover being covering the toothed crown and the anchor establishing a fixation between the carriage and the cover.

The machine tool comprises a boring unit with a cutting blade, the boring unit being arranged in the head, and / or a turning unit in which a longitudinal tool can be placed to perform the selected machining between milling and drilling.

The axis is made up of sections, the assembled sections being aligned with each other. This provides that it can be transported to the place required for use of the machine tool.

In accordance with this portability object, the fixing means comprise support beams to fix the axis in the longitudinal recess. Preferably, the support beams comprise hooks for establishing a joint with the shaft, fixing bodies for establishing a joint so that the shaft is fixed in accordance with the location in the longitudinal recess and arms for joining the hooks and the fixing bodies with each other. Thus, in addition to portability, flexibility and adaptability are provided in the fixed arrangement of the shaft in the selected longitudinal recess.

The machine tool can additionally comprise a three-dimensional probe and a control unit, the three-dimensional probe and the control unit being configured to jointly determine the machining to be performed.

Description of the figures

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a machine tool object of the invention arranged fixed through a longitudinal recess defined through panels or bulkheads.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of one end of an axis comprised in the machine tool object of the invention.

Figure 3 shows a detailed view of a carriage comprised in the machine tool object of the invention arranged in the axis of said machine tool.

Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a head comprised in the machine tool object of the invention arranged next to the carriage on the axis of said machine tool.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the machine tool object of the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a machine tool for machining in longitudinal gaps. According to this, this machine tool is especially suitable for machining in tight spaces, such as in shipbuilding. Some boats have at one end of them some bulkheads or panels (1), which are arranged to support through the same elements such as motors and axles. For this, said panels (1) have holes (1 ’) arranged substantially aligned with each other so that said holes (1’) define the gap or longitudinal space through which the machine tool is available.

The machine tool comprises an axis (2), which is available in the corresponding longitudinal recess, such as through the holes (1 ’). The shaft (2) comprises available sections (2 ') assembled aligned with each other so that the shaft (2) has a longitudinal extension depending on the number of the sections (2') and the length of each of them ( two').

The machine tool additionally comprises fixing means for fixing the shaft (2) according to a location in the longitudinal recess. The fixing means comprise support windows (3). Specifically, there are two support windows (3), each of them (3) being available on the shaft (2) so that they establish a support or contact that serves to fix the location of the shaft (2) in the longitudinal recess . Preferably, each of said support windows (3) is available in correspondence with a longitudinal end of the shaft (2).

Each of the support windows (3) comprises arms (3.1), preferably three, which extend from the axis (2) distributed angularly, preferably every 120 °. Additionally, the support windows (3) comprise fixing bodies (3.2). As can be seen in figure 2, these fixing bodies (3.2) are located in correspondence with free ends of the arms (3.1) and are configured to be fixed to an additional element, such as one of the panels (1 ), by contact.

The fixing bodies (3.2) can be fixed by welding to said additional element in order to ensure the corresponding fixing. The fixing bodies (3.2) are configured in each case according to the additional element to which they must be fixed.

Likewise, these fixing bodies (3.2) are removably attached to the arms (3.1), that is, once the machining work is finished, the arms (3.1) are removable, only the fixing bodies (3.2) being held fixed. This removable union of the fixing bodies (3.2) in the arms (3.1) is given by two threaded elements (3.1 ') that are screwed into said fixing bodies (3.2) being inserted in the arms (3.1), the elements being threads (3.1 ') arranged according to directions perpendicular to each other. This provides flexibility when positioning the fixing bodies (3.2) with respect to the additional element to which they are to be fixed so that the positioning of the axis (2) is maintained unaltered.

The machine tool comprises a head (4), which can be mounted on the shaft (2). The head (4) is configured to be linearly moved along said axis (2). For this, the machine tool additionally comprises a carriage (5) in which the head (4) is mounted. In this way, both the head (4) and the carriage (5) are arranged crossed by the axis (2) to be jointly movable by the axis (2) according to its longitudinal extension.

Thus, the carriage (5) can be mounted on the axis (2) and is configured to move linearly along the axis (2) by dragging the head (4). For this, the carriage (5) comprises a gearwheel (5.1) and a first motor-reducer (5.2), preferably electric.

The first gear reducer (5.2) drives the gearwheel (5.1) so that it rotates, while said gearwheel (5.1) is arranged engaged in a rack (2.1) comprised in the shaft (2), which It is extended longitudinally along said axis (2). In this way the displacement of the carriage (5), and consequently of the head (4), longitudinally along the axis (2) occurs. The gearwheel (5.1), the first gear reducer (5.2) and the rack (2.1) are arranged so that the rack (2.1) rests on the gearwheel (5.1), as can be seen in Figure 3, to ensure efficient gearing between the two.

In order to provide a stable linear displacement of the carriage (5) along the axis (2), the carriage (5) comprises skates (5.3) while the axis (2) comprises guides (2.2). The skates (5.3) and the guides (2.2) are distributed radially, the skates (5.3) in the carriage (5) and the guides (2.2) on the axle (2). The guides (2.2) are extended longitudinally along said axis (2), that is to say along each of the sections (2 '), which are assembled aligned with each other so that the guides (2.2) they are also aligned with each other.

The skates (5.3) are arranged in the guides (2.2) so that a guide is established in the movement of the carriage (5) along the axis (2). Likewise, the guides (2.2), preferably three angularly distributed every 120 °, additionally contribute to support a weight consequence of the union established between the carriage (5) and the axis (2), this weight being distributed between at least two of the guides (2.2).

Likewise, the guides (2.2) act as points to arrange the support windows (3) on the axis (2). For this, the support windows (3), meanwhile, additionally comprise hooks (3.3) that receive the guides (2.2) so that they are positioned along the axes (2). The hooks (3.3) are located attached to the arms (3.1) at an opposite end to the location of the fixing bodies (3.2).

The machine tool comprises rotation means configured to transmit a rotation to the head (4) so that it rotates with respect to the carriage (5) and the axis (2). The turning means preferably comprise at least one pinion (6) and a second motor reducer (7), and more preferably at least two of each, in addition to a toothed crown (8). Each of the second motor-reducers (7), which are preferably electric, drives one of the pinions (6) so that they rotate engaging with the crown gear (8).

Preferably, the pinions (6) and the second motor-reducers (7) are arranged fixed to the carriage (5), while the toothed crown (8) is fixed on the head (4). Likewise, preferably each assembly formed by one of the pinions (6) and one of the second motor-reducers (7) extend parallel to the axis (2) so that the cross section of the carriage (5) is minimized in order to facilitate its displacement through spaces of small dimensions.

The shaft (2) is arranged for machining through, in addition to the carriage (5) and the spindle (4), the crown gear (8). In figure 4, the two pinions (6), the two second motor-reducers (7) and the crown gear (8) according to the described arrangement are appreciable.

In accordance with the aforementioned, the head (4) is arranged mounted around a longitudinal portion of the carriage (5). In order to contribute to enable the relative rotation of the head (4) with respect to the carriage (5), the machine tool comprises one or more bearings, not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity, arranged between the carriage (5) and the head (4). Preferably, the bearings are tapered, precision and high load bearings, in addition to allowing said relative rotation to withstand the loads generated during machining.

Preferably, the machine tool additionally comprises at least one cover (9) for covering the pinions (6) and the toothed crown (8). Said cover (9) on the one hand prevents possible contacts with the pinions (6) and the toothed crown (8) by operators and on the other hand protects said pinions (6) and said crown (8) against, for example, a possible deposit of chips resulting from the machining carried out by the machine tool. The machine tool additionally comprises anchors (10) to removably fix the cover (9) to the carriage (5).

To perform the machining, the machine tool can carry one or more machining tools. In this way, the machine tool comprises a boring unit (11) in which a cutting blade (11 ') and at least one turning unit (12) in which a longitudinal tool (12.1) can be placed is arranged. such as a strawberry or a drill. Both the boring unit (11) and the turning unit (12) are available attached to the head (4), independently, although the boring unit (11) is arranged directly in contact with the head (4). Turn unit (12) is arranged in contact with the head (4) through an extendable unit (13).

The boring unit (11) is fixedly fixed on the head (4) so that they rotate together. This allows machining by starting material through the cutting blade (11 ’). The cutting blade (11 ’) is arranged in such a way as to remove material on surfaces or contours arranged parallel to the axis (2), which allows defining the finish and the dimensions of the holes (1’).

The turning unit (12) is arranged, as is the longitudinal tool (12.1), parallel to the axis (2) so that milling and drilling operations are performed on surfaces or contours arranged perpendicular to the axis (2). That is, they allow the surface to be prepared for subsequent fixations of elements, in addition to making holes for establishing said fixations. Additionally, the rotation unit (12) comprises a first electric servomotor (12.2) for driving the longitudinal tool (12.1).

The extensible unit (13) ^s and has fixed the head (4) so that rotate together. This extensible unit (13) comprises a linear positioning carriage (13.1) with a ball screw, which includes a nut, said carriage (13.1) being driven by a second electric servo motor (13.2) to apply precision in the movement of the turning unit (12). Additionally, the extensible unit (13) comprises rails (13.3), preferably two, for the stable guidance of said turning unit (12) in its displacements.

Optionally, the turning units (12) can be two, so that the corresponding machining operations are expedited. These turning units (12) can be arranged in contact with the head (4) through the extendable unit (13) and having their own electric servo motor for actuation.

The machine tool comprises a three-dimensional probe, not shown in the figures. The three-dimensional probe has a rod configured to be deflected when it reaches the surface of the part or the panel (1). In response to deflection, the three-dimensional probe generates a trigger signal, depending on the deflections, which is transmitted to a control unit comprised in the machine tool.

Using the three-dimensional probe, position and geometry measurements of the pieces or panels (1) are possible. These measurements can be made before, during and after machining operations that can be performed using the machine tool, such as boring, drilling and milling. In this way, the three-dimensional probe and the control unit make it possible to determine and perform machining or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) using numerical control (NC), that is, software applications that allow you to create detailed instructions that lead to the tools from numerical control unit (CNC), to the manufacture of parts.

The machine tool comprises a cabinet, not shown in the figures, from which Part the electrical wiring necessary for the energy required for the operation of the machine tool. Said cabinet can be placed spaced apart from the head (4) and the carriage (5) so that it is maintainable at a safe distance, although the cabinet can include a tubular structure to protect it from possible unwanted impacts.

The machine tool comprises a cooling system, the cooling system being the type commonly called MQL (Minimal Quantity Lubrication). This cooling system ensures a correct temperature of the cutting blade (11 ’) during use with a minimum amount of liquid. This cooling system produces less heat, tools such as the cutting blade (11 ’) last longer and the machining time is reduced.

Accordingly, the machine tool produces the MQL in the form of an aerosol, for which it has means that supply compressed air at a pressure preferably between 5 and 8 bars, and more preferably 6 bars.

Likewise, the machine tool includes long-lasting grease pads to lubricate the contact between the skates (5.3) and the guides (2.2), in addition to grease arranged for lubrication of the bearings arranged between the carriage (5) and the head (4 ).

The machine tool of the invention is portable, which allows machining according to the required location or location. According to what has been described, the axle (2) is transportable according to the mentioned sections (2 ’) for its assembly in the machining location, such as one end of a vessel. Also, the machine tool has the fixing means that allow its arrangement in said location and both the carriage (5) and the head (4) are units that are traversible by the shaft (2) once it is assembled.

one

Claims (10)

1. - Machine tool for machining in longitudinal gaps, comprising: - an axis (2) to be arranged through a longitudinal recess; - fixing means for fixing the shaft (2) according to a location in the longitudinal recess; - a head (4) for carrying at least one machining tool, the head (4) being linearly movable by the axis (2); characterized in that it additionally comprises: - a carriage (5) configured to be linearly displaced along the axis (2) and arranged to linearly move the head (4); Y - rotation means configured to transmit a rotation to the head (4) with respect to the carriage (5) and the axis (2). 2. - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning means comprise at least one pinion (6), a second motor reducer (7) and a gear ring (8), so that the motor reducer (7 ) drives the pinion (6) to rotate and the pinion (6) engages with the crown gear (8). 3. - Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the pinion (6) and the second gearmotor (7) are arranged in the carriage (5) and the toothed crown (8) in the head (4). 4. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one anchor (10) and a cover (4), the cover (4) being covering the toothed crown (8) and the anchor (10) establishing a fixation between the carriage (5) and the cover (4). 5. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a boring unit (11) with a cutting blade (11 ’), the boring unit (11) being arranged in the head (4). 6. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a turning unit (12) in which a longitudinal tool (12.1) can be placed to perform the selected machining between milling and drilling. 7. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft (2) is composed of sections (2 '), the sections (2') being assembled aligned with each other. 8. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing means comprise support windows (3) for fixing the shaft (2) in the longitudinal recess. 9. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the support windows (3) comprise hooks (3.3) to establish a joint with the shaft (2), fixing bodies (3.2) to establish a joint so that the shaft (2) is fixed according to the location in the longitudinal recess and some arms (3.1) to join the hooks (3.3) and the fixing bodies (3.2) to each other. 10. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a three-dimensional probe and a control unit, the three-dimensional probe and the control unit being configured to jointly determine the machining to be performed.