ES2393958A1 - Solar collector of vacuum insulation plan. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The flat vacuum solar collector is a collector composed of a body (3), on which the solar radiation absorber is deposited and joined on one hand to a body (2) in such a way that it creates a hermetically sealed space and susceptible to being made in a vacuum, and on the other hand, to a body (1) through which the heat captured from solar radiation will be evacuated, normally using a fluid that will act as heat fluid captured from the solar radiation, normally using a fluid that will act as a heat transfer fluid of the primary circuit of any type of solar installation, without excluding any other heat evacuation system. This collector will be able to work under pressure conditions, being compatible with the usual maximum pressure of any solar installation and which is usually set at 15 bar. Of maximum pressure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

SOLAR FLAT ISOLATION COLLECTOR CURRENT TECHNICAL VACUUM OF LOW TEMPERATE TURE SOLAR COLLECTORS OR PLATES.

The technique of the current solar collectors is based on two relatively simple physical principles: The first is the principle of capturing the different frequencies contained in the waves of solar radiation by the black body and its transformation into heat. The second is the principle of "confining" the heat produced in a quasi-adiabatic space in order to be transferred to a fluid that will transport it to the point of use or consumption. Under the name of low temperature solar panel all those in which solar radiation is received on the deployed surface are grouped to absorb it without concentrating it on smaller surfaces as other techniques (medium and high temperature) such as parabolic mirrors can do , semi-cylinders, and mirror concentration techniques in molten salt reactors (solar thermal).

Within the group of low temperature solar panels there are two types of well differentiated techniques; the so-called "flat plate" and the so-called "vacuum tube". The "flat plate" has the advantage of offering a relationship between surface capable of absorbing solar radiation and very high occupied surface over "vacuum tubes", while the confinement of heat produced by absorbed radiation is more advantageous in the "vacuum tube" technique than "flat plate".

On the other hand, the solar radiation received on the earth's surface every day of the year is obviously a function of the time of day and the season in which it is measured. Considering the use of solar radiation depending on the time of day and the season of the year and even taking into account the optimal inclination of the solar panels, the result is different for each of the techniques, which broadly could be defined as variations of the effective surface of solar energy collection, better for vacuum tubes with diffuse radiation and better for flat plate with direct radiation.

Finally, both in one and the other technique, the circulation of the fluid that takes the heat to the point of consumption or use inside the solar panel is entrusted in most of the plates available to the use of metal pipes, usually of copper.

The flat vacuum isolation collector combines the advantages of the two previous techniques (maximum absorption surface ratio and greater thermal confinement), and substantially improves the collection of solar energy during each hour of the day, throughout each Day during the year. Basically its use does not require the use of metal pipe, which is an obvious simplification of the manufacture of solar panels and obviously lower cost.

DESCRIPTION The flat solar collector of vacuum insulation is a flat-panel solar collector composed of three fundamental parts, which can be represented, in drawing 1, identified by numbers; No. 1, No. 02 and No. 03, contained in each of them.

The body or part described with No. 2 is a parallelepiped in which one of its six faces is open, and can be defined by three dimensions, indicated in drawing 1 by the letters "a", "b" and "c" , the dimensions of the open face being defined by the letters "b" and "c". In this collector, object of the Patent Application, for these dimensions only the condition that; a> c and b> c, being able to give "a" and a "b" any value provided that the previous condition is met. The body or part represented in drawing 1 with No. 1 is in turn constituted by two pieces, one external, identified with No. 1 and another internal, contained inside and identified with No. 1 '. The lower external dimensions of the body or part # 1 of the drawing must coincide with those of the parallelepiped identified with # 2, these being represented by the letters "b" and "c". Likewise, for the body or part identified in the drawing with No. 1 ', which, as stated above, is contained inside the body or part No. 1 of drawing 1, it must be fulfilled that its lower dimensions are those indicated by the letters "b "And" c¡ "being

these are smaller than "b" and "c". This body or part identified in drawing 1 with # 1 and also the one identified in drawing 1 with # 2, have the technical characteristic of being constructed with any transparent material.

The body or part represented in drawing 1 with # 3 is a parallelepiped whose dimensions are "a]", "b]" and "c]" and must meet the condition of being smaller than the corresponding "a", "b "and" c "of the parallelepiped represented by # 2 in drawing 1 so that" a ">" a] "," b ">" b] "Y" c ">" c] "so that the parallelepiped # 3 of drawing 1 can fit perfectly inside the parallelepiped # 2. This parallelepiped (# 3 of drawing01) as well as # 2 will have one of its six faces open, which must be the one defined by its dimensions "b]" and "c]" also fulfilling the condition of presenting a completely black and opaque color, whatever the material that covers it to confer this property, being able to be from a black paint to the deposit of a layer of mixture of metal oxides or any other, or the material of which he himself is composed. The union between parallelepipeds # 2 and # 3 is made by a rectangular piece, represented in drawing 1 by # 4 and whose surface is defined by the difference in surfaces between the rectangle of dimensions "b" and "c" and other inscribed within the previous one of dimensions "b¡" and "c¡" so that this joint piece will be defined by the surface of the rectangle "b / c" minus the surface defined in the rectangle inscribed in the previous one of dimensions "b¡ / c] ", given that the dimension perpendicular to the side

of external length "b" and perpendicular to the side of external length "c" will be, in all of it equal to; ("c" - "c¡") / 2. This connecting piece can be of any material, and its only characteristic is to achieve an absolute tightness in the volume that is comprised between the parallelepipeds represented in drawing 1 with numbers 2 and 3. This piece is represented with number 4 A. Depending on the mechanical resistance presented by the parallelepipeds represented by numbers 2 and 3 in drawing 1, both pieces of shape and dimensions approximately equal to piece 4 A will be inserted between both parts, which we will call in the following "4" , as said mechanical resistance advises in order to resist the atmospheric pressure that exerts force from the outside on the surface of the parallelepiped represented by No. 2 since in the volume existing between both parallelepipeds there should not be an absolute pressure greater than 0.01 bar. Another feature of the "4" pieces is that they allow equal pressure between the spaces that

they limit, unlike piece 4 whose mission is to get the

maximum tightness in the space contained between parallelepipeds No. 2 and

No. 3 of drawing 1 to which it serves as a limit.

The body or part identified with the number "1 ,,, in drawing 1 is a body

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composed of four surfaces:

One of them that could be expressed as the result of dragging a

approximately parabolic line of maximum distance to the guideline, of

c / 2 or greater than this at any "x" value, (a

value of "x" greater than 10 times the value of "c") and of length to focus on

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any of the cases greater than 5 centimeters, throughout the piece

"4 A" (described above) in its entire internal length "b-c" / 2, although

no other form is excluded for said surface, such as a

cylindrical, parallelepipedic or any other shape.

The second and third surfaces would be those defined by the line

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approximately parabolic of the previous paragraph or of any of the

Other forms indicated.

The fourth surface is defined by the hollow part of piece 4 A.

Of the four previous surfaces, the first three form a body

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similar to a cylinder split in two and crushed by lateral surface, of

so that the bases of such a cylinder are each of the surfaces, second

and third or any other of those mentioned in the previous points.

Finally, this body or part of the collector joins part 4 A.

From everything described in the previous paragraphs it follows that they have been formed

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two different spaces; one of them delimited by bodies # 1, "Y" no 3 "

joined together by the internal part of piece 4 A and the second, delimited by

this same piece, the parallelepiped # 2 "and # 3", completely closed,

except for the hole represented in drawing 1 by the letter "d". In this second

space is where it has already been said that a vacuum less than 0.05 will be generated

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bars and close to 0.01 bars.

The communication of these two spaces with the outside has been represented in

drawing 1 using the letters "d", "e" and "f '. The letters" e "and" f' of drawing 1

identify the four communication holes with the outside of the first

space described in the previous paragraph; "f 'for superiors and" e "for

lower. The letters "f 'represent the upper holes made in the

two surfaces, approximately parabolic defined as second and

third of the body or part of # 1 "in drawing 1 and located in said

surfaces on the focus itself defined by the line approximately

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parabolic or very close to it, and the holes identified in the drawing by

the letters "e" are two other holes made on the same surfaces,

second and third, but close to their base. The hole

identified in drawing 1 with the tetra "d" is the one that communicates the limited space

by the bodies or parts identified in drawing 1 by the numbers; "2", "3" Y

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"4 A" with the outside. This hole is intended to make the "void" in the entire

space.

FUNCTIONING.

Thermal confinement in a flat solar panel is achieved by

interposition of a low thermal conductivity material between the exterior and the

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part of the plate that stores solar energy collected as heat

difference of the vacuum tube in which thermal confinement is achieved by

the creation of a space unable to conduct heat since it does not exist

any substance between the part of the tube that stores the heat, and the outside

although the fact that the ratio of surface area (of

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absorption) and surface occupied is clearly better on the flat plate. The

novelty of this collector is that being basically a plate

flat the thermal insulation between the space of the same in which it accumulates

the heat (body identified with No. "3" in drawing 1) and the outside

entrust the vacuum in the same way used in the solar panels of the

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technique called "vacuum tubes". The technique of vacuum tubes

it consists of placing a series of tubes in a plane on which the

solar radiation, but this system suffers from a clear conditioned problem

by its own symmetry and is the one that derives from the cylindrical condition of the

tubes that imposes the existence of gaps between tube and tube so that each

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of him / her, in the time in which the solar radiation does not perpendicularly not

of shadow to its neighbors. This forces to separate one from another so that in

a vacuum tube collector of a gross surface (which occupies the collector

in its installation place) of 2.2 square meters, display a real useful area

against the solar radiation of 1.6 square meters (opening area). At

solar collector object of this Patent Application the difference between the area

gross and the opening area is much smaller than the required space

for the same energy collection it would be much lower in the case of the collector

solar flat vacuum insulation than in vacuum tube collectors

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current.

On the other hand the solar collector, object of the Patent Application and due to the

possible configurations of the bodies described with the numbers "1" and "1 '' ', no

would require the use of a metal body to configure the primary circuit in

a solar thermal installation (heating circuit) since due to the

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Density difference between hot fluid and cold fluid will be established

in the collector, as long as it is not "lying" in a completely flat

horizontal, a net separation between the fluid heated by the manifold and the

incoming fluid in it, colder and therefore denser, separation than

it will be all the sharper the less horizontal the collector is installed. This

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way the pumping of fluid will not require the existence of a metallic circuit

confine the fluid entrusted with the evacuation of heat within

the limits of a metal pipe, which, from the point of view of wear

of the collector and consequently of its maintenance and that of all the

Installation constitutes a clear improvement.

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The existence of the pair of holes identified in drawing 1 with the letters

"e" and "f 'at the top of the collector in which a device is installed or not

connection with a neighboring collector, and as a result of the density difference

between hot and cold fluids it will allow an installation to be defined in which

The connection between manifold and manifold does not require the existence of pipes

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external connection or even exceeding 6 square meters that the

regulations of the new building technical code in its HE4 directive provides

for thermal collectors, flat or vacuum tubes, connected in series, and

that depending on the height given to the focus of the line approximately

parabolic that defines the surface on which these holes identified by the

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letters "e" and "f 'have been practiced, an online connection of a number of

collectors connected to each other exceeding 6 square meters of surface

uptake would be from collectors connected not in series but in parallel.

In drawing 2 a view of the parts can be seen; # 2, # 3 and 4 A of

collector from top to bottom on the left side of the drawing and on the

right, the three assembled parts (# 5), forming the (internal) space through which the heat transport fluid (heat transfer) circulates and the closed space in which the evacuation of any material to approximate its internal pressure has to be practiced to the so-called vacuum.

Likewise, in drawing 3 the body previously formed with parts # 2 and # 3 and parts # 1 and # 1 'can be seen on its left side, and on its right side the completely finished manifold.

Claims (1)

 5 First. Any design of the solar thermal collector of the so-called planes is claimed in which the thermal confinement of the heat produced by the solar energy collected is entrusted to a space around the absorber part in which a partial or complete emptying has been performed, being able to 10 consider the pressure in this space considerably below atmospheric. Second. In relation to the First Claim and depending on what is described therein, the design of any flat solar thermal collector whose insulating material at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and the pressure of an atmosphere is in a gaseous state is claimed, for example, the air, that is to say a space in which there is no substance, in which the container of the heat transporting fluid captured does not require the use of metal pipes or other material even if the external pressure exerted on said fluid is higher 20 at atmospheric.