ES2385585B1 - REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Reversible ceramic tile installation system, to cover floors and walls comprising a joint element of the surface of the ceramic tile on the surface to be coated, characterized in that the joint element is a polymeric material selected from those of the group formed by polymers thermoplastics The polymeric material is heated to its melting point to melt it by applying a high frequency electromagnetic radiation, which allows both the assembly of the tile on the surface to be covered and its disassembly. It is a clean laying system that allows reusing the tile with minimal debris generation.

Description

 REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a system of reversible placement of ceramic tiles that allows the tiles to be mounted and removed on a surface, for which it uses a melting polymeric joining element. This fusion is performed by the application of radiofrequency.

The invention falls within the industrial sector of ceramic tiles intended for wall cladding and floor paving.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

The ceramic industry, following a rhythm of continuous evolution, currently offers a wide range of new products and applications for them. However, the great innovation for which the ceramic sector has opted has not been accompanied by a notable evolution in the placement methods used.

When covering a wall or paving a floor

with

tiles ceramics exist in the present two types

from

systems  from placement: the no reversible Y the

reversible

The

no reversible (systems with mortar from cap

thick or thin layer) offer the confidence that inspires the long experience acquired by being the placement system par excellence, but it is a dirty system, little versatile and slow, which slows the renovation of the covered / paved spaces in the inhabited dwellings.

The non-reversible system with thick layer mortar is still the most common, mainly due to the habit acquired by the placement agents. In this system the placement of the ceramics is carried out directly on the support (brick partition, forged or concrete slab ...), although in the pavements a sand base or other system of deolidarization must be provided, which

allows you to interrupt the vibration when entering an item

which makes the support tiling independent. For the

thick layer placement mortar is used

traditional, predosed mortar or cement

5

additive for mortar preparation.

Non-reversible placement with thin layer mortars

it is a more recent evolution technique, adapted to the

current ceramic materials and the diversity of supports

emerging. The placement is usually done on a

10

previous layer of support regularization, whether

plastered on the walls or mortar bases on the floors.

Reversible systems include soil

detachable (ES 2 259 544 El), which describes a system

based on the direct placement of the ceramic tile

fifteen

adhered to a tongue and groove material support

polymeric This system allows a clean replacement and

Quick ceramic tiles, but presents a series

of disadvantages, such as low versatility and

system limitation The low versatility is because,

2 o

Today, there is only one company that offers this

system, in the case of ceramic tiles. With this, the

replaced parts must be from this same company to

to ensure a good assembly of ceramic tiles

in the polymeric support. The limitations refer

25

to which this method of placement is developed for the

floor paving, not being applied, at the moment, to

interior wall cladding.

A method for the application can also be cited in

dry-clad material work (WO 2009/106663 Al) that

30

It presents ease and speed of assembly and improves

technical properties by providing sound insulation and

an insulation against dampness of work. However the

problem with this type of placement system is

that the adhesive layer that allows the fixing of the

35

lining cannot be molded and deformed to

eliminate irregularities of the wall / floor to be covered.

On the other hand, we can mention heating equipment by high frequency electromagnetic radiation or radiofrequency (RF) that have been used since the first half of the 20th century in various industrial sectors, such as: the plastics, wood, textile, paper industry and food. However, there are no known industrial applications of heating ceramic materials through the use of RF, although there are several laboratory works in which this type of radiation has been used for sintering various

materials

ceramic how They are perovskites (BaTi03 Y

CaTi03),

aluminas (A1203) , zircons (Zr02), miscellaneous

carbides

(Sic And B4C), etc.

Industrial applications in which radiofrequency heating is currently used in polymeric materials can be divided into: curing, molding, recycling and welding.

In curing thermostable resins, high frequency electromagnetic radiation is used to induce polymerization of the material. There is the possibility of adding susceptor compounds to accelerate the curing process (U.S. Patent 5,182,134) among which are: alkaline earth sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphates and tri-hydrated aluminum salts. Radio frequency curing can be coupled to continuous work equipment, such as the manufacture of pultruded fiber reinforced profiles (U. S. 2010/0032081).

In the molding of thermoplastic polymers, the polymer is melted using high frequency electromagnetic radiation and subsequently the final part is shaped by compression molding. This application usually incorporates particles or radio frequency susceptor substances. This allows heating of apolar polymers and accelerating the heating of polar polymers. It has been proven that the particles

Ferromagnetic are good radio frequency subscribers. An example is the nickel particles or nickel alloys (US Patent 5,378,879) and n-ethyl sulfamide (US Patent 4,840,758), which are previously mixed with the polymer.

In the recycling of thermoplastic polymers the pieces

plastic

They are recovered by heating with

radiofrequency

until the temperature from fusion from the

same.

(IS 2 176 242).

Welding of thermoplastic polymeric materials is a technique used mainly in the packaging industry, especially in the processing of medical containers. In this application electromagnetic radiation subscribers have also been incorporated in order to improve the sealing process, both in reducing the duration of the process, and in improving the quality of the joints (US Patent 3,574,031). To this end, the polymers are additive with magnetically and electrically polar particles.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The ceramic tile laying system proposed with the present invention is a reversible system for covering floors and walls by means of ceramic tiles comprising a joining element of the surface of the ceramic tile on the surface to be coated, and having as main Novelty the characteristic that the joining element is a polymeric material selected from those of the group formed by thermoplastic polymers.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymeric material is heated to its melting point to melt it by applying a high frequency or radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation, which allows the assembly of the tile on the surface to be carried out. to cover as its disassembly.

The thermoplastic material is selected from a thermoplastic material of polar nature or a material

,

,)

thermoplastic of apolar nature, being able to be both virgin and recycled. The polar polymer can absorb more energy and increase the effectiveness of heating.

The thermoplastic material of polar nature is selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene ionomer, polyvinylchloride, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyamide.

He

material thermoplastic from nature apolar is

selected

between polyethylene from low or high density Y

Polypropylene.

So much

in he case from that he polymer be polar or

apolar,

he polymer may understand particles

radio frequency subscribers, which determine an additive that can be a charge, a microload or a nanoload.

The susceptor particle additive is selected from electrically conductive ferromagnetic particles, electrically non-conductive ferrimagnetic particles, non-magnetic conductive metal particles, organic salts, inorganic salts or conductive carbon particles. The susceptor particles will be dispersed in the polymer matrix by conventional melt mixing equipment such as double screw extruders.

Ferromagnetic particles are selected from particles of iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys. Ferrimagnetic particles are selected from magnetite, nickel-zinc ferrite, manganese-zinc ferrite and copper-zinc ferrite. Non-magnetic conductive metal particles are selected from copper, aluminum and brass. Inorganic salts and organic salts are selected from tin chloride, zinc chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium acetate, calcium sulfate and quaternary ammonium salts. and the conductive carbonaceous particles are selected from carbon nanotubes, radiofrequency nanofibers in the case of a charge are arranged in a concentration between 0.05 and 95%, in the case of microloads the concentration is selected between 0.05 and 20%; And in the case of nanoloads it is selected from

carbon,

nanographs, black of smoke graphite Y fibers of

carbon.

He

content from particles susceptors from

0.05 and 5%.

The polymeric bonding material will be manufactured in the form of a sheet or plate which may or may not comprise foaming agents of a physical or chemical nature. The manufacturing methods can be carried out by extrusion of flat sheet, calendering or compression molding.

In addition, the bonding element of polymeric material can also be constituted by polyolefins, polyesters, polyethers, polyimides, polyketones, polyisocyanates, polysulfones, acrylic polymers, styrenic plastics, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyurethanes and thermoplastic silicones, chlorinated thermoplastics, fluorinated polymers from renewable and non-renewable sources, functionalized polymers, recycled polymers

or any possible combination of those mentioned above, and may contain all types of additives that are usually added to the polymers to improve their manufacture and / or processing or their properties.

The laying process consists in placing the laminated polymeric material between the ceramic tile and the surface to be covered, subjecting the assembly to a high frequency electromagnetic radiation and can be

13.56 MHz ± 6.78 kHz, 27.12 MHz ± 160 kHz or 40.68 MHz ± 20 kHz, with a power between 50 and 5000 W and an application time between 1 s. and 10 min Such electromagnetic radiation allows heating and

fusion of the polymeric material and its union with the ceramic tile and the base.

Regarding the laying process, the adhesion forces of the ceramic tile on the surface are, in general, superior to the mechanical resistance of the ceramic tile, resulting in the breakage of said tile when trying to separate from the surface. This fact evidences the good union of the ceramic tiles to the surface to be covered, avoiding unwanted detachments from them.

The process of detachment of the ceramic tile is equivalent to that described for the assembly, that is to say, it consists of subjecting the ceramic tile together with the polymeric material and the surface that covers the high frequency electromagnetic radiation, being able to be 13.56

MHz ± 6.78 kHz, 27.12 MHz ± 160 kHz or 40.68 MHz ± 20 kHz, with a power between 50 and 1000 W and application time between 1 s. and 10 min. With the application of the RF it is possible to heat the polymeric material to its melting temperature, allowing the ceramic tile to be detached from the surface quickly and cleanly.

The system described presents advantages of which the most essential are mentioned below with a purely enunciative and non-limiting nature, namely:

-

Ease and speed of assembly, with the consequent reduction of labor or labor costs in the installation of interior cladding and / or paving.

-

Technique suitable for any type of ceramic tile, regardless of the composition, format and / or manufacturer.

-

Clean placement system, with minimal debris generation. -Reversible system that allows a quick replacement of the ceramic tiles used in the

cladding / paving of walls / floors of interior spaces, promoting reforms in inhabited homes.

-

System valid for any type of support to be covered, allowing to correct its small irregularities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure

one. It represents a graph from the evolution from

the

force applied on  the Union in function of the

displacement

of the crossbar from the machine universal from

essays

for him tile from White paste.

Figure

2. It represents a graph from the evolution from

the

force applied on  the Union in function of the

displacement

of the crossbar from the machine universal from

essays

for him stoneware Red.

Figure 3. - Represents a graph of the evolution of the force applied to the joint according to the displacement of the crossbar of the universal testing machine for porcelain stoneware.

All the features and advantages set forth, as well as other features of the invention, can be better understood with the following examples. On the other hand, the examples are not limiting but illustrative so that the present invention can be better understood.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The invention relates to a reversible system for covering floors and walls by means of ceramic tiles comprising a joining element of the surface of the ceramic tile on the surface to be coated, and having as its main novelty the characteristic that the joining element is a polymeric material selected from those of the group formed by thermoplastic polymers.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention the polymeric material is heated to its melting point to melt it by applying a filing.

High frequency electromagnetic or radiofrequency (RF), which allows the assembly of the tile on the surface to be covered as well as its disassembly.

Three examples of realization of joining elements with different materials are described below.

Ex emplo 1: Ethylene ionomer as a joining element in a system in which a white-paste tile is bonded with a base mortar surface.

An ethylene ionomer sheet has been prepared which has been placed between the base mortar and the white-paste tile. The set has been subjected to a high frequency electromagnetic radiation of 27.12 MHz, with a power of 150 W and an application time of 2.00 min. This electromagnetic radiation has allowed the heating and fusion of the polymeric material and the joint of the white paste tile with the base support.

The bond strength of the white-paste-polymeric tile system - base mortar was superior to the

resistance

mechanics of the own tile (Figure one) ,

occurring, producing

during a test accomplished through a

machine

universal from essays for try pull apart he

tile

from the surface, the break from saying tile.

The process of detachment of the white-paste tile consists in subjecting the white-polymeric material-mortar base to the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation of 27.12 MHz, using the same conditions of bonding the pieces, that is, a power of 150 W and an application time of 2.00 mln. With the application of the RF, it is possible to heat the polymeric material to the melting temperature of the same, allowing the peeling of the tile or white paste, of the base mortar, quickly and cleanly.

Ex emplo 2: Ionomer dl2 ethylene as a connecting element in a system in which red stoneware is attached to a base mortar surface.

An ethylene ionomer sheet has been prepared which has been placed between the base mortar and the red stoneware. The whole has been subjected to a high frequency electromagnetic radiation of 27.12 MHz, with a power of 220 W and an application time of 4.50 min. Said electromagnetic radiation has allowed the heating and fusion of the polymeric material and its union with the ceramic tile and the base mortar surface.

The adhesion strength of the red stoneware-polymeric material-base mortar system was 184 N / cm2 (Figure 2).

The process of detachment of the red stoneware consists in subjecting the red stone-polymeric material-mortar base system to the electromagnetic radiation of high frequency of 27.12 MHz using the same conditions of the bonding of the pieces, that is, a power of 220 W and an application time of 4.50 min. With the application of RF, the polymeric material can be heated to its melting temperature, allowing the ceramic tile to be detached from the base support quickly and cleanly.

Ex emplo 3: Ethylene ionomer as a joint element in the porcelain stoneware-base mortar system.

An ethylene ionomer sheet has been prepared which is located between the base mortar and the porcelain stoneware. The set has been subjected to a high frequency electromagnetic radiation of 27.12 MHz, with a power of 200 W and an application time of 3.83 min. This electromagnetic radiation has allowed the heating and fusion of the polymeric material and the joint

from

East with he stoneware porcelain Y with the surface

from

mortar

base.

The

force from accession of the syste ma stoneware porcelain

material

polymeric mortar base it was from 95 N / cm2 (Figure

3) •

The process of detachment of porcelain stoneware consists in submitting to the system porcelain stoneware-polymeric material

mortar based on high frequency electromagnetic radiation of 27.12 MHz at the same conditions used during the bonding of the pieces, that is, a power of 200 W and an application time of 3.83 min.

5 application of the RF is achieved by heating the polymeric material to its melting temperature, allowing the ceramic tile to be detached from the base support quickly and cleanly.

Claims (16)

1. REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

CERAMICS, for floors and walls comprising an element

of union between the surface of the ceramic tile and the

5

surface to be coated, characterized in that the element of

union is a polymeric material selected from those of the

group formed by thermoplastics, both recycled and

virgins

2. REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

10

CERAMICS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the

thermoplastic material is selected from a material

thermoplastic polar nature and a material

apolar nature thermoplastic,

3. REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

fifteen

CERAMICS, according to claim 2, characterized in that the

thermoplastic material of polar nature is

selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomer of

ethylene, polyvinylchloride, thermoplastic polyurethane,

polyvinylidene polyamide fluoride.

2 o

4 • REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

CERAMICS, according to claim 2, characterized in that the

apolar nature thermoplastic material is

selected from low polyethylene high polyethylene

density and polypropylene.

25

5 . REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

CERAMICS, according to claims 1, 2 or 3 or 4,

characterized in that the connecting element comprises

radio frequency susceptor particles that determine

an additive selected from a load, a microload and

30

a nanoload

6. REVERSIBLE TILE PLACEMENT SYSTEM

CERAMICS, according to claim 5, characterized in that

the radio frequency susceptor particles are

selected among ferromagnetic particles

35

electrically conductive, ferrimagnetic particles

electrically non-conductive, non-magnetic conductive metal particles, organic salts, inorganic salts, and conductive carbon particles.

7.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 6, characterized in that the ferromagnetic particles are selected from particles of iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys.

8.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 6, characterized in that the ferrimagnetic particles are selected from magnetite, nickel-zinc ferrite, manganese-zinc ferrite and copper-zinc ferrite c.

9.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 6, characterized in that the non-magnetic conductive metal particles are selected from copper, aluminum and brass.

10.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 6, characterized in that the inorganic salts and the organic salts are selected from tin chloride, zinc chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium acetate, calcium sulfate and quaternary ammonium salts.

eleven.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 6, characterized in that the conductive carbonaceous particles are selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanographs, carbon black, graphite and carbon fibers.

12.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 5, characterized in that the content of radio frequency susceptor elements selected from a load, a microload and a nanoload are arranged in a concentration between 0.05 and 95%.

13.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 12, characterized in that in

in the case of microloads the concentration is selected between 0.05 and 20% And in the case of nanoloads it is selected between 0.05 and 5%.

14.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element comprises foaming agents of a selected nature between chemistry and physics.

fifteen.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claims 1, characterized in that the joining element is processed by a sheet manufacturing technology, selected from flat sheet extrusion, calendering and compression molding.

16.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 5, characterized in that the susceptor particles are incorporated in the polymeric element by conventional melt mixing systems using double screw extruders.

17.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises applying radio frequency to the joint element to melt it and perform the joint / separation between the surface of the ceramic tile and the surface.

18.

REVERSIBLE PLACEMENT SYSTEM OF CERAMIC TILES, according to claim 17, characterized in that the radiation used is high frequency radiation and is selected from 13.56 MHz ± 6.78 kHz, 27.12 MHz ± 160

kHz and 4O, 68 MHz ± 2 O kHz, with a power between 50 and 5000 w.