ES2344093B1 - USE OF HYDROGEN AND AMMONIA AS A FUEL FOR CARS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of hydrogen and ammonia as car fuel

It consists of using ammonia (1) as fuel, with it the tank of the cars will be filled (2), passing it to a coil (3), where we enter countercurrent water (4), forming ammonium in solution, we pass it through iron filter (5) with electric charge (6), ammonia is released, gas and hydrogen, which is driven by the pump (7) to the piston (8) where it mixes with the air.

Hydrogen is converted into water vapor, by reaction with oxygen and ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen, which reacts with oxygen producing water vapor, said temperature raises the pressure that pushes the plunger (9) of the piston producing work.

Combustion produces nitrogen (10) and steam from water (11).

Water vapor takes the coil (3) where The process begins.

The by-product will be the nitrogen in gas and the excess water vapor.

Description

Use of hydrogen and ammonia as car fuel

Background of the invention

The energy necessary for the operation of the internal combustion or explosion engine vehicles, supposes a huge energy, economic and environmental cost for developed societies. Oil as a fundamental source of gasoline and diesel, it is a scarce and non-renewable good, so its price is increasingly high due to the huge demand of the countries Developed and developing. The different alternatives to the use of oil as fuel for internal combustion engines, such as ethanol, methanol, synthesis gas, propane, etc., proceed all of hydrocarbon chains, and although these are renewable, at combusting with the oxygen in the air, they always produce emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. The fundamental problem generated by the use of hydrocarbons, it is not only economic but environmental, given that thirty-seven percent of the CO2 emissions to the atmosphere comes from vehicles with combustion engines internal From the scientific point of view, we have worked on intense way to find a new fuel that can replace to petroleum derivatives as a source of energy for new engines, which do not emit CO2 into the atmosphere. Among the solutions more significant is the use of hydrogen as batteries of fuel or electric motors with rechargeable lithium batteries. The goal is to make hydrogen the fuel of future for its non-polluting capacity and its energy power. In based on this, in order to make hydrogen the energy of future, this invention has been developed, starting from ammonia, as a stable element that contains hydrogen and that from its thermal decomposition, it is transformed into hydrogen and nitrogen. He ammonia, is obtained in addition to hydrocarbons, coal and decomposition of organic matter, so obtaining the it is much more advantageous than any of the fuels that contain carbon Ammonia as fuel, through process that we describe, is a real alternative to the huge demand of energy of advanced societies, which cannot follow using fossil energies for its use.

Object of the invention

The present invention aims to obtain a new fuel from hydrogen and ammonia. At tank for car fuel, we will introduce ammonia liquid to be able to introduce the largest possible volume of ammonia, in order to increase the autonomy of vehicles.

The liquid ammonia, we will dilute it in water, by means of a coil, to increase the surface of contacts between ammonia and water, so that the solution forms the ammonium ion (NH4 -).

Water with dissolved ammonium ion, we will go through an iron filter, with an electrical potential to balance the reaction and capture a proton from the OH bonds of water: NH4 + OH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NH 3 + H 2. Consequently, ammonia (NH3) and the Hydrogen (H2) is released as a gas. Hydrogen and ammonia in the form of gas, is conducted to the piston, for its reaction with the air, in the same way as the current gasoline engines. In the combustion of hydrogen gas with oxygen rises the Mix temperature to more than four hundred degrees Celsius. At that temperature, ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen, which in turn reacts with oxygen, to produce water vapor. When the expansion of the gases inside the piston occurs, by effect of temperature and pressure, is driven to the embolus, to Perform mechanical work.

The nitrogen, we will collect via gas, for storage in the same vehicle and water vapor what we will cool using the radiator, to use it in the solution Ammonia Excess water vapor, if any, will remain Free in the atmosphere.

Description of the invention

The invention of a system for "The use of hydrogen and ammonia as fuel for automobiles ", consists in the use as fuel of Liquid ammonium that will be used as follows:

In the fuel tank of cars, we will introduce liquid ammonia and to be able to introduce the largest possible volume of ammonia.

The liquid ammonia will be diluted in water, by means of a counter current coil, that is, on the one hand the ammonia coming from the car's deposit will enter, and by the other side will introduce water, so that the solution forms ammonium ion (NH4 -).

The ammonium ion thus dissolved, pretends to be a iron filter with an applied electric potential charge within the same filter Water with dissolved ammonium ion, at pass through the iron filter, emits ammonia in the form of gas and hydrogen, leaving the water free of ions.

This mixture, composed of ammonia gases (NH 3) and Hydrogen (H 2) by means of a pump, is driven to the piston where it mixes with the air entering the piston, from the same way as in current internal combustion engines that They use gasoline.

In the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen of the air inside the piston, the temperature rises to more than four hundred degrees, producing water vapor, which is the result of the exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

Ammonia, which mixed with hydrogen we have introduced into the piston, it decomposes to four hundred degrees Centigrade in Nitrogen and Hydrogen. The hydrogen returns to react with oxygen, producing water vapor at high temperature. This temperature raises the pressure in the water vapor, which is the one that pushes the plunger, producing work, just as Produces in gasoline explosion engines.

Combustion in the piston produces nitrogen and water vapor. The excess water vapor, produced by the combustion is reused and taken to the radiator and coil, where by cooling and countercurrent it is mixed with ammonia, which Start the process again.

We will collect the nitrogen in the form of gas and the excess water vapor will be free in the atmosphere.

The by-product of the process is therefore the nitrogen in gas and water vapor. The only electric power used is the one used in the iron filter so that it release ammonia in the form of gas and hydrogen. That energy Electrical is minimal and can be powered by a battery or battery conventional, so the system is very energetically favorable.

Brief statement of the figure

Figure 1 graphically depicts the set of elements that make up this new system of "Use of hydrogen and ammonia as fuel for automobiles "and where (1) represents liquid ammonia introduced in the suppliers, through which we will fill the Deposit (2) of cars with the mentioned ammonia.

Next, we will pass the ammonia liquid to a coil (3), in which and countercurrent it will introduce water, and as we see in the figure on the one hand the ammonia that comes from the car deposit, and on the other water side (4) will be introduced, and thus ammonium ion will be formed.

We will pass the dissolved ammonium ion, through a iron filter (5) with an electric potential charge (6) applied within the same filter.

When going through the iron filter with a electrical potential, the ammonium ion captures a proton from the water and it decomposes ammonia in the form of gas and hydrogen and the water remains ion free.

This mixture of ammonia gas and hydrogen, by means of a pump (7), it is driven to the piston (8) where it is mixed with the air that is introduced into the piston.

Hydrogen when in contact with air introduced into the piston combustion with oxygen, producing water and raising the temperature to more than four hundred degrees, according to It results from the exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

Ammonia, which mixed with hydrogen we have introduced into the piston, it decomposes to four hundred degrees Centigrade in Nitrogen and Hydrogen. The hydrogen returns to react with oxygen, producing water vapor at high temperature. This temperature raises the pressure of the water vapor, which is the one that pushes the plunger, producing work as it is produced in gasoline explosion engines (9).

Combustion in the piston produces nitrogen (10) and water vapor (11). The surplus water vapor, produced by combustion is reused and taken to the radiator and coil (3), where by cooling and countercurrent it is mixed with the ammonia, thus starting the process again.

We will collect the nitrogen (10) in the form of gas and the excess water vapor will be free in the atmosphere.

The by-product of the process is therefore the nitrogen in gas and water vapor. The electrical energy that is used is only the one used in the iron filter that causes ammonia to be released in the form of gas and hydrogen, energy Minimum electrical that can be powered by a conventional battery or battery, so the system is energetically very favorable.

Description of how to carry out the invention

A brief description follows. of the invention for the "Use of hydrogen and ammonia as fuel for cars. "Consistent, as we have already exposed, in the use of liquid ammonia as fuel for cars

Where (1) represents the liquid ammonia that fuel tanks will be filled through a dispenser (2) of cars

Then the liquid ammonia in the tank of fuel, will pass to a coil (3), in which and water will be introduced against the current (4), thus forming the ion Ammonium, by dissolution.

We pass the dissolved ammonium ion, through a iron filter (5) with an electric potential charge (6) applied within the same filter. Stripping ammonia in form of gas and hydrogen.

This mixture, by means of a pump (7), is driven to the piston (8) and in turn mixed with the air that It contains in it.

Hydrogen is converted into water vapor, by come into contact with the oxygen in the piston (8) and raise its temperature to more than four hundred degrees, as it turns out of the exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

Ammonia, which mixed with hydrogen we have introduced into the piston, it decomposes to four hundred degrees Centigrade in Nitrogen and Hydrogen. The hydrogen returns to react with oxygen, producing water vapor at high temperature. This temperature raises the pressure of the water vapor, which is what pushes the plunger (9), producing work as It is produced in gasoline explosion engines.

Combustion in the piston by the reaction of oxygen, hydrogen and ammonia, produces nitrogen (10) and steam from water (11). The excess water vapor produced by combustion is reuse and take the coil (3), where by cooling and countercurrent mixes with ammonia, thus starting the process.

Nitrogen (10) in the form of gas, what we will collect and the remaining water vapor will be free in the atmosphere. The by-product of the process is therefore the nitrogen in Gas and water vapor.

As we have stated before, the only energy electric used, is the one used in the iron filter, minimum electrical power since a battery can be used conventional so it is energetically favorable.

Claims (2)

1. Procedure for obtaining a fuel characterized by the following steps: Dissolution of ammonia-NH3 - in water -H2O-, until saturation. The water -H 2 O-, with the ammonia -NH 3 - dissolved, passes through a filter containing iron -Fe-, with a potential difference, giving off ammonia -NH 3 - and hydrogen -H_ {2} - in the form of gas. Ammonia -NH 3 - and hydrogen -H 2 - in the form of gas, is introduced into a piston. The reactions are as follows: 100 2. Use of ammonia -NH 3 - as fuel, for internal combustion engines, by dissolving in water -H 2 O-, according to claim one.