ES2289906A1 - Working method for machines of physical training, involves carrying isometric action in phase from braking mechanism, which is applied to system, where initial resistance overcome by force exerted by moment - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves carrying an isometric action in a phase from a braking mechanism, which is applied to the system with an initial resistance, which is overcome by force exerted by moment. Another phase is provided, where initial resistance is appeared as non-conducting and another resistance is provided, where an iso-kinetic explosive action of high speed takes place.

Description

Working procedure for machines physical training.

Description of the invention

The object of the present invention as expressed in the statement of this specification consists of a working procedure for physical training machines of the type used in sports training, rehabilitation or fitness.

In this type of training the concept of "force" is constantly talked about as something fundamental in improving performance. From the point of view of mechanics, force is defined as an action capable of modifying the state of rest or movement of a body , that is, it causes accelerations or what is the same, changes in speed, direction or Sense in a movement.

The force also manifests causing deformations in the bodies, these deformations can be external, on the body subjected to the action of the force, or internal, on the agent that produces it, as in the case of living beings when pushed on objects that cannot move.

Muscle strength is capable of producing same actions as any other type of force and manifests in the form of accelerations, deformations, etc.

From the point of view of physiology, the Strength is the ability to produce muscle tension. A definition force applicable to sports performance is Gonzalez Badillo: force is the external manifestation of the internal tension generated in the muscle.

The mechanical power and is the relationship between work and the time needed to do it and its unit is the
Watt

P (W) = W (J) / t (s)

P = W / t = F x s / t => P = F x v

By intervening force and speed, power becomes the best indicator of the mechanical capabilities of a driving system. Load and speed determine the way in which force and power are manifested
Inc.

From a more biomechanical point of view, Aguado proposes a classification of strength exercises based on whether or not there is displacement and that the speed and resistance are constants or variables. This classification in turn implies a classification of the machines used to execute said exercises. (Aguado, X., and Cols. 1999, Considerations on concepts and classifications of muscle strength from a point of mechanical sight In Biomechanics of muscle strength and its assessment. Min. Ed. And Cult., CSD. Madrid. 1999)

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In strength and power training applied to sport, rehabilitation, diagnosis etc., it is intended reach high levels of strength, and in most cases associated with sport, high levels of speed. (Thihany, 1989; Fleck and Kramer, 1997).

Traditional training devices by means of overloads, elastic, machines etc. they work from according to a scheme where resistance occurs (force of opposition) to the movement made by the subject.

Currently, in muscular work, they are used different systems with which to cause resistance (Tous, J. 1999):

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Own body weight

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Elastic

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Dumbbells free

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Bars and discs

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Dumbbells

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Machines with fixed resistance

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Machines with resistance variable

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Machines with resistance inertial

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Machines with resistance accommodated

In these systems, to reach high levels of strength it is essential to use large resistances and high loads, or maximum muscle activations through Isometric actions, eccentric or by means of electro-stimulation In all cases cited the Resistance travel speed is low or zero.

On the other hand, to produce high speeds in the displacement of the resistance, this must be low, in whose case will also be the activation. The strength levels obtained in jobs with low loads at high speed are then necessarily low.

In order to reach high levels of strength associated with high resistance travel speeds you should resort to plyometric actions, using in the muscle action the stretch-shortening cycle (CEA).

In this situation high peaks of strength in very short times. (Bosco and Komi, 1979a; 1979b; Zatsiorsky, 1995). However, these exercises are based on actions in which impacts (shock training) occur, which they can cause serious injuries to the joints.

The present invention describes a process Work for totally new fitness machines in the field of muscular work, based on the concept that by means of a locking / braking mechanism, a joint can perform an isometric action that causes elongation of the associated elastic mechanisms. When a level of sufficient force, the system is unlocked producing an action high speed explosive.

In this action an initial force is applied maximum or sub-maximum against superior resistance (blocking resistance) to which it should move (isometric action) in order to cause a deformation in the elastic mechanisms Associates When the force reaches the necessary level, the  blocking resistance, leaving only the resistance that must be move (free resistance) causing a concentric action of high speed. The ultimate speed is a function of the level of said resistance.

Thus, in the new procedure distinguish two phases: A first phase where an action is performed isometric, and a second phase in which an action is performed Isometric or isoinercial of very high speed. To do this, the Novel working procedure involves the use in the machine or Double resistance training means:

R1 = Resistance adjustable initial

R2 = Resistance mobile, always less than R1

Through R1 we can control the force at from which the movement will occur. When exercising a force against resistance R1, an action of type occurs isometric

When the force applied exceeds the value of R1 appears the movement of the load whose value corresponds to the mobile resistance R2.

Since R1> R2, the force applied to exceeding R1 allows the speed of movement to be so high as desired, based on R2. The higher the difference between both resistors the greater the speed of movement.

The initial resistance R1 must always be greater than R2 in order to cause the fixation of R2 until R1 does not It is defeated.

The means to produce R1 can be Manual or automatic.

These resistance R1 and R2 can be produced by mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, electronic or any method that may produce an opposition to movement.

This work procedure may have a great application for machines used in sports training, fitness, rehabilitation, physical preparation, evaluation of neuromuscular activity, study of muscle actions, both in people like animals and it can be a very valid method of strength and power training, getting older average power levels with respect to CON activations and similar to CEA. High levels of strength can occur. maintaining high execution speeds, especially for the training with medium and low loads. This ideal workout for specialties with a predominance of explosive force that they give in most sports actions, race, jump, throwing, hitting, etc.

Description of the drawings

In order to illustrate how much so far we have exposed, it is accompanied by the present specification, forming an integral part of it, a sheet of drawings on the that has been represented:

Fig. 1 an execution diagram of the novel process.

Fig. 2 a physical example of realization of a exercise mechanism according to the invention with device lock / brake

Fig. 3 a physical example of embodiment of same exercise mechanism according to a conventional technique.

Description of a case study

The present invention consists of a Work procedure for physical training machines, in which distinguishes two phases, phase 1 where an action occurs isometric and phase 2 where an isokinetic action occurs or isoinercial

According to the invention any machine for physical training that acts under the new procedure of work has a locking / braking mechanism (1) to which associates an adjustable initial resistance R1, which blocks the system until a sufficient level of strength is reached for your unlocking producing an explosive action of very high speed on a second mobile resistance R2.

In phase 1 of the procedure a maximum initial force F against an initial resistance R1 that must win (isometric action) in order to cause a deformation in the associated elastic mechanisms, so that since the initial force passes from value 0 to its critical value F = R1,  there is no shift D_ {0} or speed V_ {0}.

In phase 2 when the force F reaches the level critical F = R1, the locking / braking mechanism (1) is released, so that the initial resistance R1 disappears applying the force then to the corresponding mobile resistance R2 in example a set of weights to move (2) causing a concentric action high speed with offset V_ {1} and D_ {1}.

Therefore, the novel procedure of work involves the use of a double training machine resistance:

R1 = Resistance Initial adjustable, for example 10 kilos.

R2 = Resistance mobile, less than R1 for example 7 kilos.

An exercise of type is carried out through R1 isometric and from the setting or regulation of the mechanism of blocking / braking (1) we can control the force from which The movement will occur.

According to the example, when the force applied equals or exceeds the value of 10 kilos, the mechanism of blocking / braking (1) is defeated and the movement of the pesos (2) whose value corresponds to 7 kilos, in this case in resulting exercise will be isoinercial or isokinetic, in virtue that the force that continues to be applied during the rest of the exercise allows an accelerated movement of weights or Simply at constant speed.

Since R1> R2 the force applied to exceeding R1 allows the speed of movement to be so high as desired, depending on R2, the higher the difference between both resistors the greater the speed of movement with F.

As seen in the graphics, and specifically in figure 3, in a conventional machine only there is a single resistance R corresponding to the weights (3), of so that when the applied force F equals the resistance R, it will produce movement but without a high concentric action speed.

Established the expressed concept, it is written to then the note of claims, thus synthesizing the news that you want to claim.

Claims (7)

1. Work procedure for physical training machines of the type used in sports training, rehabilitation or fitness where there is a resistance to move R2 through the force exerted by the user, characterized essentially presents a first phase where an action is performed isometric, and a second phase in which a high-speed concentric isokinetic or isoinercial explosive action is performed. 2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, in the first phase of isometric action, a locking / braking mechanism (1) applies to the system an initial resistance R1 greater than R2 so as to block the action of the force exerted by the user F to move the resistance R2, until the value of said force F does not acquire a critical value where the blocking resistance R1 equals. 3. Method according to previous claims, characterized in that in the second phase of isokinetic or iso-inertial action where the force exerted by the user F is equal to the resistance R1, the locking / braking mechanism (1) is unlocked by stopping acting R1 on the system and producing an explosive action of very high speed where the R2 resistance comes into action. 4. Method according to previous claims characterized in that since the initial force passes from value 0 to its critical value F = R1, there is no displacement D_ {0} or velocity V_ {0} in the system, thus performing an isometric action that causes a deformation of the associated elastic mechanisms. 5. Method according to previous claims, characterized in that when the force F reaches the critical level F = R1 and the locking / braking mechanism (1) is released, the resistance R2 corresponding to the set of weights to be moved (2) for example is activated. ) a high-speed concentric action occurs with displacement V_ {1} and D_ {1}. Method according to previous claims, characterized in that the value of R1 is determined by setting or manipulating the locking / braking mechanism (1). Method according to previous claims, characterized in that for a given initial resistance R1 such that R1> R2, the speed of movement is regulated as a function of the value of the mobile resistance R2 so that the greater the difference between the two resistors, the greater the movement speed