ES2263397A1 - Heat pump system has control device for ventilation unit that supplies cold or warm water for air conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

A reversible valve unit includes valves for controlling sanitary water and valves for controlling air conditioning. A divider for particles is disposed between the reversible valve unit and a compressor. A filter and a restrictor are arranged between a sub-cooler and a heat exchanger provided with a discharge system. An automatic filling system is provided with a reverse key. A control device is provided for a ventilation unit for supplying warm or cold water for air conditioning.

Description

Split heat pump system air-water with hot water production sanitary

The present invention refers to a new air-water split heat pump system with which it is possible to produce domestic hot water (a.c.s.), hot water for heating (a.c.c.) and cold water for refrigeration (a.f.r.), all this by combining the use of an improved refrigeration system and an adequate hydraulic system, with an arrangement of elements that control the operation of the system in a characteristic way and that gets the object of the invention.

The motive energy used by the system is the electric power, well generated by traditional systems or generated by alternative systems.

The improved system that the invention proposes It is especially suitable for use in the sector residential and tertiary, more than for the industrial.

The system supports the compatibility of domestic hot water production by any other source external to the production of the same system object of the invention, such as thermal panels (alternative energies) of such so that when their installation and performance is viable, domestic hot water production can be stopped of the system until it is necessary to perform it through the system due to lack of performance of alternative systems installed.

Background of the invention

It has broken into the state of the art by the invention patent (ES) number 9902208 a generator thermodynamic that based on the same philosophy of using a compressor-based circuit, a high pressure exchanger, a second exchanger, an expander and a low exchange pressure, by establishing two solenoid valves, one of entry and exit, in each of its two deposits of interacumulation allowed to cancel one of the two branches of the circuit, when the other was in operation.

It also exists in the state of the art by the invention patent (ES) number 200400102 other thermodynamic generator that has introduced a liquid container (accumulator) that obtains a stabilizing effect of the system and about expansion vessels in the water circuit that perform the same system stabilization function on the water side of it, substantially improving the operation of the previous system described in the state of the art.

But the modifications made do not allow achieve optimal results, so under the trials and studies carried out, optimal improvements have been obtained in the arrangements and systems of unit exchangers indoor and outdoor unit, simplifying the circuit outdoor unit refrigerator and eliminating inter-accumulators for an external exchange system to the boilers of accumulation.

The liquid container has been replaced (accumulator) by a particle separator located directly at compressor suction, so that load stability of refrigerant necessary for the proper functioning of the system is much more stable regardless of the mode of operation of the circuit with this particle separator the load is optimized of refrigerant, being the same on throne at 50% lower than in previous systems.

In the outdoor unit four are eliminated anti-return of the refrigeration circuit and the element disappears expander, the same being replaced by a restricting element that allows the passage of refrigerant in both directions, depending on the mode of operation that we request.

In the indoor unit the arrangement is modified of the component components of the refrigeration circuit, in addition of replacing the inter-accumulators with plate exchangers high performance and for two accumulators in which the function of inertia deposits water stabilizers circuit secondary water both for air conditioning and hot water Sanitary An automatic filling element is incorporated with mains water supply pressure regulator, which ensures a correct filling of the secondary air conditioning and prevents over pressures on the water side of the indoor unit.

All this makes them substantially improved the provisions known in the market, in this type of systems thermodynamics, both from the point of view of manufacturing, and use both for your safety and for the results obtained.

Description of the invention

The heat pump system split air-water with hot water production health that the invention proposes, based on the same philosophy functional to use a circuit based on a compressor, four high / low pressure exchangers and expanders. Submit a series of specific features that fully improve both the manufacture, use, as well as the safety of the known until the date.

The system consists mainly of a outdoor unit (1) and an indoor unit (2), which are interconnected cold and electrically to form A single set. These intercommunications are carried out when the unit will be put into operation and are totally external to the manufacturing processes of both units.

The outdoor unit (1) consists of a compressor (3), a refrigerant / air exchanger (4), a subcooler (5) of liquid refrigerant located in the lower part of the previous exchanger (4), a container particle separator (6) located in the compressor suction (3), a ventilation train (7) commanded by a regulator of reverse condensing pressure (8) acting on revolutions of said ventilation train (7), a refrigerant restrictor (9) which acts both ways depending on the operating cycle of the system, a coolant impurity filter (10), a three-way reversing valve (11), a low pressure pressure switch (12) (safety element), a high pressure pressure switch (13) (security element) and two keys (14-14 ') of refrigerant independence.

The indoor unit (2) consists of following elements in each circuit:

Sanitary hot water circuit: One solenoid valve (15), two anti-returns (16-16 '), one plate exchanger (17), a water recirculation pump (18), a water storage tank (19), an expansion vessel (20), two water checkpoints (21), a safety valve (22), a water trap (23), two stopcocks (28-28 '), an automatic filling unit and reducer network water inlet pressure (25), a drain cock (24) of the water accumulator (19) and an expansion tank (20).

Indicate as compensation option and even as maintenance of domestic hot water, the inclusion of a heating resistance (32) inside the accumulation tank of water. Which can act as reinforcement in extreme cases of hot water consumption, or simply for the maintenance of the domestic hot water storage tank temperature (19)

Climate control circuit: Two solenoid valves (15'-15``), two anti-returns (16 '' - 16 '' '), an expansion valve (26), a plate exchanger (17 '), a water recirculation pump (18 '), a water storage tank (27), an expansion vessel (20 '), a safety valve (22'), a water trap (23 '), two stopcocks (28 '), a hygrometer (29) (water pressure of the air conditioning circuit), a water impurity filter (30), a drain key (24 ').

Between both domestic hot water circuits and air conditioning, there is a key of independence of the circuit of filling of the air conditioning system with built-in non-return (31).

All these elements that make up both units are arranged and united in such a way that commanded by a computer management system located in the indoor unit, obtain optimum operating reliability, stabilization of said operating and performance improvement regimes, avoiding system malfunctions at both low and high outside temperatures, providing according to interest, well hot or cold air conditioning.

Thanks to this provision you get a notable simplification of both the assembly procedures of the system as its corresponding corrective maintenance once installed them, as well as significantly increase the cooling production of the heat pump, reducing it 50% form the amount of refrigerant needed for the system operation

In the same way, having a separator particles between the reversing valve (11) and the compressor (3) is totally new, allowing to regulate the amount of refrigerant in a gaseous state that the compressor sucks (3) and carrying out the same way the system coolant accumulation function, while also preventing the system from breaking by reaching liquid refrigerant to the compressor (3).

Similarly the placement of a filter refrigerant dehydrator (10) and a restrictor element (9) located between the subcooler (5) and the exchanger refrigerant / air (4) which greatly simplify the layout of refrigerant pipe and allow the removal of anti-return in said circuit, while the filter dehydrator protects the refrigerant from impurities itself restrictor

It has the same way in the hydraulic pipe, an automatic filling system (25) of the air conditioning system and a key (31) for independence of the filling circuit of the air conditioning system with built-in non-return, which also protects the entire hydraulic circuit from over-pressures in it, so that prevents breakage of water storage tanks for both hot water sanitary as the air conditioning.

The way in which the user is supplied with domestic hot water This system allows you to increase your production because the water accumulated in the tank (19) at a high temperature, when there is consumption of sanitary water, this water passes directly from the exchanger (17) to consumption, increasing its temperature gradient at least 8ºC with respect to water accumulated and at least 30ºC with respect to the network water, leaving always the same above the consumption temperature of 38ºC regardless of the external temperature conditions and humidity.

It has a defrost system when the unit works in domestic hot water production mode and in heating mode and outside temperature conditions and humidity favor the production of frost in the exchanger outside of refrigerant / air (4), which in the end could be ends up blocking the air passage of the ventilation train (7), lowering system production and even failing said system.

The defrost of the unit when it works in domestic hot water mode is produced by the management of electronic controller, which will activate the reversible valve (11), will deactivate the valve block (15-16-16 ') and will activate the block of valves (15 '' - 16 '' - 26), moving to operate the system as a Refrigeration producer until the defrost period ends and the unit will start again at operate with domestic hot water production.

The defrost of the unit when it works in heating mode it is produced by controller management electronic, which will activate the reversible valve (11), deactivates the valve block (15'- 16 '' '- 26), going to operate the system as a Refrigeration producer by activating the valve block (16 '' - 26-15 '' ') until the defrost period ends and the unit will begin back to work with heating production.

It has a subcooler (5) that is located in the lower part of the refrigerant / air exchanger (4), between said exchanger and the base of the Outdoor Unit, which prevents the frost produced in the exchanger (4) from sticking to the closing plate and generate ice that although a defrosting process is carried out is very difficult to eliminate, thus increasing the Seasonal Operational Coefficient of the
system.

It has a control device reverse condensation (8) that regulates the ventilation train (7) of the refrigerant / air exchanger (7) such that when in the the evaporation of the refrigerant is being carried out with high outside temperatures, the controller (8) regulates the air flow of the ventilation train (7) preventing evaporation pressure rise too much, as does the condensing pressure and the unit fire the high pressure safety system (13), leaving the unit out of production.

In this way we ensure water production sanitary hot even when we have outside temperatures extreme

Brief description of the drawings

We consider it appropriate in a case such as present in which the invention gives rise to certain operating circuits of domestic hot water, in combination with hot or cold water for heating, which is the best way to understand it through the drawings that attached in which you can see the disposition of all elements that compose it and so we can observe:

Figure no. 1: It is the main scheme of operation since the system must be able to supply domestic hot water provided that the user of the unit so demand.

Part of a compressor (3) which supplies the high pressure and temperature coolant to a valve three-way inverter (11), controlling the high pressure range by means of a high pressure switch (13) which if the pressure exceeds the established limits cut the power to the system management that controls the operation of the entire team.

Through said inverting valve (11) the fluid is directed by means of the independence valve (14) towards the coolant / water exchanger (17) through the group of valves (15-16) which when having permission from opening for being demanding domestic hot water allows the passage of the fluid through said exchanger.

As the goal of the system is to produce domestic hot water, its circulation pump (18) is is running, sending water from the accumulator (19) to the exchanger (17), returning said recirculated water to the tank of accumulation (19).

In this way the system is compensated in at all times, said water being heated and the refrigerant.

Said refrigerant, once transported through of said exchanger, returns to the valve of independence (14 ') through the valve (16') in a high pressure liquid state and high temperature, passing it through the subcooler (5) towards the restrictor element (9), having previously passed through the filter (10), where there is a drop in pressure and temperature and having finished evaporating in the exchanger (4), the exchange with the outside air by means of the ventilation train (7) which is commanded by the control (8).

From said refrigerant / air exchanger, The refrigerant in the low pressure and low temperature gas state is directs towards the reversing valve (11) and from it towards the particle separator vessel (6), in which the refrigerant subcooled is sucked by the compressor, starting again the cycle until the water setpoint temperature is reached hot sanitary.

Mains water enters the water accumulator (19) through a pressure reducing element, adjustable, (25) the which through the non-return (21) is introduced into the accumulator (19).

The air from said accumulator (19) is extracted by trap medium (23), maintaining a pressure regulation of the water that is being heated through the expansion vessel (twenty).

If there is demand for domestic hot water for part of the user, the water after heating in the exchanger (17) will go to consumption before returning to the tank of accumulation (19), and if the consumption of domestic hot water is not excessive, part of it will circulate towards the deposit of accumulation (19) in such a way that the flow rates of the domestic hot water pump.

Figure no. 2: It represents the circuit that would correspond to the heating production, which part of a compressor (3) which supplies the fluid high pressure and temperature refrigerant to an inverting valve (11), the high pressure range being controlled by a pressure switch high pressure (13) which if the pressure exceeds the limits established cuts the power to the management system that controls the operation of all equipment.

Through said inverting valve (11) the fluid is directed by means of the independence valve (14) towards the coolant / water exchanger (17 ') through the valve (15 ') to have opening permission for being demanding water hot heating allows the passage of fluid through said exchanger (17 ').

As the goal of the system is to produce hot water heating, the same circulation pump (18 ') is underway, sending accumulated water from the water accumulator (27) towards the exchanger (17 '), returning said water recirculated to the accumulation tank (27).

In this way the system is compensated in at all times, said water being heated and the refrigerant. Said refrigerant, once it has circulated through said exchanger (17 '), returns to the valve of independence (14 ') through the valve (16' '') in state high pressure and high temperature liquid, passing it through the subcooler (5) towards the restrictor element (9), having passed before by the filter (10), where a pressure drop occurs and temperature and finishing evaporating in the exchanger (4) performing the exchange with the outside air by means of the train of ventilation (7) that is commanded by the control (8).

From said refrigerant / air exchanger (4), the refrigerant in low pressure and low temperature gas state goes to the inverting valve (11) and from it to the particle separator vessel (6), in which the refrigerant subcooled is sucked by the compressor, starting again the cycle until the water setpoint temperature is reached hot heating.

Mains water enters the accumulator (27) at through a pressure reducing element, adjustable, (25) which to through the non-return key (31) it is inserted into the accumulator (27).

The air from said accumulator is extracted by means of the trap (23 '), maintaining a pressure regulation of the water that is heating through the expansion vessel (twenty').

The independence keys (28 ') are used to perform corrective maintenance in the secondary system.

The hygrometer (29) allows the reading of the air conditioning circuit pressure.

Figure no. 3: It represents the circuit that would correspond to the production of refrigeration, which part of a compressor (3) which supplies the high pressure and temperature refrigerant fluid to a valve three-way inverter (11), controlling the high pressure range by means of a high pressure switch (13) which if the pressure exceeds the established limits cut the power to the system management that controls the operation of the entire team.

Through said inverting valve (11) the fluid is directed to the refrigerant / air exchanger (4) with its ventilation train (7) in which the refrigerant condenses, passing it to the subcooler (5) through the restrictor (9) which does not function as a lamination, and through the filter coolant (10) in liquid state is directed towards the valve independence (14 ').

From the valve (14 ') the refrigerant circulates to through the valve group (15 '' - 26), where a fall occurs pressure and coolant temperature, towards the exchanger (17 '), where it ends up evaporating and yielding its heat to the water of refrigeration.

As the goal of the system is to produce cold water cooling, the circulation pump of it (18 ') is running, sending accumulated water from the tank (27) towards the exchanger (17 '), returning said water recirculated to the accumulation tank.

In this way the system is compensated in at all times, cooling said water and evaporating the refrigerant.

Said refrigerant, once it has circulated to through said exchanger (17 '), it returns to the valve of independence (14) through the valve (16 '') in the gaseous state at low pressure and low temperature, passing it through the valve investor (11).

From said inverting valve (11), the compressor (3) aspirate the refrigerant through the particle separator (6), controlling the low pressure switch (12) that the range of operation of said suction pressure is above the working limits of said pressure switch.

Mains water enters the accumulator (27) at through a pressure reducing element, adjustable, (25) which to through the non-return key (31) it is inserted into the accumulator (27).

The air from said accumulator is extracted by means of the trap (23 '), maintaining a pressure regulation of the water that is cooling through the expansion vessel (twenty').

The independence keys (28 ') are used to perform corrective maintenance in the secondary system.

The hygrometer (29) allows the reading of the air conditioning circuit pressure.

Description of the different elements of the invention

one - Unity system exterior. 2 - Indoor unit of the system. 3 - Compressor. 4 - Heat exchanger air / refrigerant 5 - Subcooler liquid. 6 - Separator particles 7 - Train of ventilation. 8 - Reverse control of condensation. 9 - Restrictor (system expansion) 10 - Filter dehydrator eleven - Inverter Valve Three way activated as electric solenoid. 12 - Low pressure switch 13 - High voltage pressure switch. 14 - Coolant Independence Valve liquid. 14'- Valve of independence of refrigerant in gas state 15/15 '/ 15' ' - Solenoid valves 16/16 '/ 16' '/ 16' '' - Valves non-return 17 - Plate Exchanger hot water sanitary 17'- Plate Exchanger air conditioning. 18 - Circulation pump domestic hot water 18'- Bomb of water recirculation circulation of air conditioning. 19 - Accumulation deposit of domestic hot water. 20 / 20'- Glass of expansion of both domestic hot water and water air conditioning. twenty-one - Non-return valves of water. 22 / 22'- Safety valves of both domestic hot water and water air conditioning. 23 / 23'- Traps Water. 24 / 24'-  \ begin {minipage} [t] {125mm} keys for draining the domestic hot water tanks (19) and air conditioning water (27). \ End {minipage} 25 - Group of automatic filling with pressure regulation and filter particles 26 - Valve expansion. 27 - Water storage tank of air conditioning. 28 - Entry key network water. 28'- Keys water independence from the system air conditioning. 29 - Pressure hygrometer air conditioning circuit water. 30 - Particle filter system air conditioning.

Claims (9)

1. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning, characterized in that incorporating a compressor (3) that, through a reversible three-way valve (11), supplies high-coolant fluid pressure and temperature to an exchanger (17) to produce domestic hot water and to accumulate it in an accumulator tank (19) integrated in the system or to an exchanger for air conditioning (17 ') and to accumulate said air conditioning water in an air conditioning accumulation tank ( 27) buffer integrated in the system, both coolant / water exchangers (17-17 ') connected in parallel and interconnected both by means of a set of valves (15-16 / 16') and (15 '/ 15'' -16 '/ 16''' - 26) independent of the operation of both, said valve circuit connected to a coolant subcooler (5) and a fourth coolant / air exchanger (4) with its corresponding fan train tion (7), this circuit being provided with a restrictor element (9) that can perform the functions of the laminator or simply the passage of high pressure and high temperature refrigerant, depending on the operation of the system, closing the compressor suction circuit through a particle separator (6) in the suction thereof, using two coolant / water exchangers (17-17 ') external to the water accumulation tanks (19-27) commanded the domestic hot water circuit by valves (15-16 / 16 ') and the air conditioning circuit by the valves (15' / 15 '' - 16 '' / 16 '''- 26). 2. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1, is characterized by having a particle separator (6) disposed between the inverting valve (11 ) and compressor suction (3). 3. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1, is characterized by the placement of a refrigerant dehydrator filter (10) and a restrictor element ( 9) located between the subcooler (5) and the refrigerant / air exchanger (4). 4. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1, is characterized by having an automatic filling system (25) of the water system in the hydraulic line air conditioning and a key (31) for the independence of the filling circuit of the air conditioning system with built-in backflow 5. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning that in combination with claim 1 is characterized by allowing, depending on the flow and temperatures of the consumption of domestic hot water to pass directly from the exchanger (17) to consumption, without necessarily having to go through the water accumulation tank (19). 6. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning that in combination with claim 1 is characterized by having a defrost system when the unit operates in water production mode domestic hot water and in heating mode and external conditions cause the production of frost in the external refrigerant / air exchanger (4). When it operates in domestic hot water mode, the electronic controller will activate the reversible valve (11), deactivate the valve block (15-16-16 ') and activate the valve block (15''-16''- 26 ), the system starts working as a refrigeration producer until the defrost period ends and the unit will start operating again with domestic hot water production. The defrost of the unit when it is operating in heating mode is caused by the management of the electronic controller, which will activate the reversible valve (11), deactivate the valves (15'-16 ''') and activate the valve block ( 15 '' - 16 '' - 26), the system will start working as a Refrigeration producer until the defrost period ends and the unit will start operating again with Heating production. 7. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1 and 6, is characterized by having a subcooler (5) located at the bottom of the exchanger refrigerant / air (4), between said exchanger and the base of the Outdoor Unit. 8. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1, 6 and 7, is characterized by having a reverse condensation control device (8) which regulates the ventilation train (7) of the refrigerant / air exchanger (4), preventing the evaporation pressure from rising too high, and the unit firing the high pressure safety system (13). 9. Air-water split heat pump system with production of domestic hot water and hot or cold water for air conditioning which, in combination with claim 1, is characterized by the possibility of introducing a heating resistor (32) into the tank of accumulation of domestic hot water (19).