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ES2234820T3 - Protesis discal para vertebras cervicales. - Google Patents

Protesis discal para vertebras cervicales.

Info

Publication number
ES2234820T3
ES2234820T3 ES01913926T ES01913926T ES2234820T3 ES 2234820 T3 ES2234820 T3 ES 2234820T3 ES 01913926 T ES01913926 T ES 01913926T ES 01913926 T ES01913926 T ES 01913926T ES 2234820 T3 ES2234820 T3 ES 2234820T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
insert
plate
disc prosthesis
prosthesis according
spherical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES01913926T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Aymen Ramadan
Markus Buhler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ScientX SA
Original Assignee
ScientX SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ScientX SA filed Critical ScientX SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2234820T3 publication Critical patent/ES2234820T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • A61F2/4425Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools for implanting artificial joints
    • A61F2/4603Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4611Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30004Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30016Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in hardness, e.g. Vickers, Shore, Brinell
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    • A61F2002/30317The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30324The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30332Conically- or frustoconically-shaped protrusion and recess
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30354Cylindrically-shaped protrusion and recess, e.g. cylinder of circular basis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30448Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30563Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having elastic means or damping means, different from springs, e.g. including an elastomeric core or shock absorbers
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Abstract

Prótesis discal para vértebras cervicales, del tipo que comprende: - una primera (2) y una segunda (3) placas destinadas a quedar fijadas a unas vértebras cervicales inmediatas, - y una rótula de articulación (4) interpuesta entre las dos placas (2, 3) montadas en posición superpuesta, estando compuesta la rótula por un casquete esférico (6) que coopera con una cúpula esférica (8), caracterizada porque: - el casquete esférico (6) queda dispuesto sobre un primer inserto (5) mientras que la cúpula esférica (8) queda dispuesta sobre un segundo inserto (7), - cada inserto (5, 7) está realizado con un material cerámico y posee una base (12, 13) de sección recta transversal circular, - uno de los insertos (5, 7) queda montado sobre la primera placa (2), en tanto que el otro de los insertos (5, 7) queda montado sobre la segunda placa (3), de modo que el centro de articulación de la rótula (4) se encuentra sensiblemente centrado con relación a los bordes de las placas, para centrarse en el planosagital (S) y en el plano frontal (F) de las vértebras, - la cúpula esférica (8) posee una superficie de contacto igual por lo menos a la del casquete esférico (6) y se encuentra unida, por una moldura anular (15), a la base del inserto, - y la placa provista del inserto que presenta el casquete esférico (8) comprende un espacio libre anular (18) para permitir el desplazamiento de la moldura anular (15) de la cúpula esférica (8) al producirse los movimientos de las placas.

Description

Prótesis discal para vertebras cervicales.
El objeto de la invención es una prótesis discal para vértebras cervicales, destinada a sustituir al disco fibro-cartilaginoso que asegura el enlace entre las vértebras cervicales de la columna vertebral.
Es sabido que un disco intervertebral puede sufrir alteraciones, tales como compresión, deformación, desplazamiento o desgaste y, más generalmente, una degenerescencia asociada a cargas mecánicas que le son aplicadas y que conducen a una destrucción anatómica y funcional del disco y del segmento vertebral. Esta alteración discal modifica el comportamiento mecánico del disco y conduce a una disminución de la altura del espacio intersomático, la cual lleva a una perturbación del conjunto funcional articulado. El resultado de ello es una inestabilidad que induce, en particular, una reacción artrósica, origen de dolores y de procesos osteofíticos.
Se ha propuesto pues reemplazar el disco deficiente por un disco artificial para el que se han considerado diferentes tipos de realización. Así, se conoce, por ejemplo, por la patente FR 2 718 635, una prótesis discal para vértebras cervicales que comprende una primera y una segunda placas destinadas a quedar fijadas a unas vértebras cervicales inmediatas. Esta prótesis comprende igualmente una rótula de articulación interpuesta entre las dos placas montadas en posición superpuesta. La rótula se compone de un casquete esférico realizado con un material sintético, tal como polietileno, montado sobre una de las placas y destinado a cooperar con una cúpula esférica dispuesta sobre la otra placa, realizada con un material metálico, tal como titanio, por ejemplo.
Si bien tal prótesis cervical permite restaurar una altura adecuada al espacio intersomático, la rótula de articulación de esta prótesis presenta frotaciones importantes que la hacen sensible al desgaste, siendo la consecuencia de este desgaste que esta prótesis no dé total satisfacción, debido a su relativa inestabilidad, particularmente en los movimientos de flexión.
Es conocida, por otra parte, en particular por la patente US 5 562 738, una prótesis discal para vértebras lumbares que comprende una primera y una segunda placas de fijación a las vértebras inmediatas, realizadas con un material metálico, tal como titanio. Entre las placas, queda interpuesta una rótula de articulación que comprende un primer inserto montado sobre una de las placas y compuesto por un casquete esférico que coopera con una cúpula esférica de un segundo inserto montado sobre la otra placa. Los insertos están realizados con un material cerámico biocompatible que presenta unas características tribológicas mejoradas, particularmente por lo que se refiere a su resistencia al desgaste.
Sin embargo, tal prótesis discal para vértebras lumbares, no se encuentra adaptada para reemplazar al disco de las vértebras cervicales, ya que tal prótesis no permite a las vértebras cervicales adquirir nuevamente su movilidad natural. Se comprueba igualmente que la rótula de articulación presenta una forma de realización relativamente difícil de conseguir y sensible a los fenómenos de rotura o de hendidura, reduciendo así la duración de vida útil de la prótesis.
El objeto de la presente invención es pues el de evitar los inconvenientes del estado actual de la técnica, proponiendo una prótesis discal para vértebras cervicales concebida para presentar una duración de vida útil relativamente larga, siendo prácticamente insensible a los fenómenos de desgaste y de rotura, al tiempo que esté adaptada para permitir una movilidad fisiológica entre las dos vértebras cervicales instrumentadas.
Para lograr tal objetivo, la prótesis según la invención es del tipo que comprende:
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una primera y una segunda placas destinadas a quedar fijadas a unas vértebras cervicales inmediatas,
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y una rótula de articulación interpuesta entre las dos placas montadas en posición superpuesta, estando compuesta la rótula de un casquete esférico que coopera con una cúpula esférica.
Según la invención:
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el casquete esférico está dispuesto sobre un primer inserto, mientras que la cúpula esférica queda dispuesta sobre un segundo inserto,
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cada inserto está realizado con un material cerámico y posee una base de sección recta transversal circular,
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uno de los insertos queda montado sobre la primera placa, en tanto que el otro inserto queda montado sobre la segunda placa, de modo que el centro de articulación de la rótula se encuentre sensiblemente centrado con relación a los bordes de las placas, para ser centrado en el plano sagital y en el plano frontal de las vértebras,
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la cúpula esférica posee una superficie de contacto igual por lo menos a la del casquete esférico y se encuentra unida, por una moldura anular, a la base del inserto,
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y la placa dotada del inserto que presenta el casquete esférico tiene un espacio libre anular para permitir el desplazamiento de la moldura anular de la cúpula esférica cuando se mueven las placas.
Se desprenderán otras diversas características de la descripción que hacemos a continuación con referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, que muestran, a titulo de ejemplos no limitativos, unas formas de realización y de aplicación del objeto de la invención.
La fig. 1 es un corte en alzado de un primer ejemplo de realización de una prótesis conforme a la invención.
La fig. 2 es una vista interior tomada sensiblemente siguiendo la flecha F_{1}, de una primera placa que forma parte de la prótesis según la invención.
La fig. 3 es una vista interior tomada sensiblemente siguiendo la flecha F_{2}, de una segunda placa que forma parte de la prótesis según la invención.
La fig. 4 es una vista superior con un corte parcial de la prótesis ilustrada en la fig.1.
La fig. 5 es una vista en alzado de un segundo ejemplo de realización de una prótesis según la invención.
La fig. 6 es una vista superior de la prótesis ilustrada en la fig. 5.
Como se desprende más exactamente de las figs. 1 a 4, el objeto de la invención es una prótesis discal 1 destinada a ser implantada en el lugar de un disco, entre dos vértebras cervicales adyacentes. La prótesis cervical 1 según la invención comprende una primera placa 2, denominada superior en el ejemplo ilustrado, y una segunda placa 3, denominada inferior. Las placas 2 y 3 están destinadas a quedar fijadas a unas vértebras cervicales inmediatas y cada una de ellas presenta una cara externa respectivamente 2_{1}, 3_{1} de dimensiones sensiblemente similares y adaptada para coincidir aproximadamente con el contorno de las superficies articulares asociadas. Cada placa 2, 3 comprende igualmente una cara interna, respectivamente 2_{2}, 3_{2} que se extienden enfrentadas entre sí. Cada placa 2, 3 presenta una forma general paralelepipédica, teniendo un borde posterior respectivamente 2a, 3a, que se extiende opuestamente a un borde anterior 2b, 3b, respectivamente. El borde anterior 2b, 3b de cada placa 2, 3 queda unido al borde posterior 2a, 3a respectivo, por medio de dos bordes laterales 2c, 3c opuestos el uno al otro. De preferencia, los bordes 2a, 2b, 2c y 3a, 3b, 3c presentan un perfil recto y están unidos entre sí por unos espacios libres de conexión. De preferencia, el borde posterior 2a, 3a de cada placa presenta, en un plano transversal T, un perfil convexo, en tanto que el borde anterior 2b, 3b presenta un perfil cóncavo.
La prótesis cervical 1 según la invención comprende igualmente una rótula de articulación 4 interpuesta entre las dos placas 2 y 3 que quedan montadas en superposición. La rótula de articulación 4 está constituida por un primer inserto 5 que presenta un casquete esférico 6 y por un segundo inserto 7 que presenta una cúpula esférica 8 la cual coopera con el casquete esférico 6. Cada inserto 5, 7 está destinado a quedar montado en un alojamiento 11, de preferencia ciego, realizado desde la cara interna 2_{2}, 3_{2} de cada placa 2 y 3. Cada inserto 5, 7 presenta una forma general de revolución y posee respectivamente una base 12, 13 de sección recta transversal circular, uno de cuyos extremos está dispuesto para presentar el casquete esférico 6 o la cúpula esférica 8. La sección recta transversal de la base 12, 13 de cada inserto 5, 7 es constante o, de preferencia, decreciente desde el casquete esférico 6 o desde la cúpula esférica 8. Según esta última forma preferida de realización, cada alojamiento de recepción 11 presenta una forma conjugada a la del inserto 5, 7 para permitir un ensamble cónico de los insertos 5, 7 sobre las placas 2, 3. Quede bien entendido, que puede considerarse la posibilidad de un tipo de ensamble diferente para los insertos, por ejemplo por encolado o por engaste. Según una forma de realización, podría preverse montar en el fondo del alojamiento ciego 11, un elemento de amortiguación destinado a quedar interpuesto entre un inserto y la placa, para amortiguar las solicitaciones axiales ejercidas sobre la prótesis.
Según una forma preferida de realización, el inserto 5 provisto del casquete esférico 6 queda montado sobre la placa llamada superior 2, en tanto que el inserto 7 provisto de la cúpula esférica 8 queda montado sobre la placa inferior 3. Tal disposición permite que la rótula de articulación 4 resista mejor los esfuerzos que sufre.
El casquete esférico 6 está delimitado por una superficie de contacto que presenta un radio de curvatura que es igual al radio de curvatura de la superficie de contacto que delimita la cúpula esférica 8, para formar una articulación de rótula. El casquete esférico 6 está unido a la base 12 del primer inserto 5 por intermedio de un espacio libre de conexión 14, mientras que la cúpula esférica 8 se une a la base 13 del segundo inserto 7 por intermedio de un espacio libre de conexión que forma una moldura anular 15. Según una característica ventajosa de la invención, la cúpula esférica 8 posee una superficie de contacto igual por lo menos a la del casquete esférico 6, con el fin de obtener un buen comportamiento mecánico entre el casquete esférico 6 y la cúpula esférica 8. Dicho en otros términos, la base 13 del segundo inserto 7 provisto de la cúpula esférica 8, presenta pues una sección recta transversal circular superior a la sección recta transversal de la base 12 del primer inserto 5 provisto del casquete esférico 6, debido a la presencia de la moldura anular 15.
Según otra característica ventajosa de la invención, la placa 2 dotada del primer inserto 5 que presenta el casquete esférico 6, comprende un espacio libre anular 18 que bordea el alojamiento 11 para permitir el desplazamiento de la moldura anular 15 de la cúpula esférica 5, al producirse los movimientos de las placas 2, 3. Quede bien entendido que el primer inserto 5 queda montado sobre la placa 2 de modo que se extiende sobresaliendo de la cara interna 2_{2} para permitir que coopere con la cúpula esférica 8. Igualmente, el segundo inserto 7 está montado de modo que se extiende sobresaliendo de la cara interna 3_{2} de la placa para obtener un desplazamiento angular suficiente entre las placas sin que éstas entren en contacto entre sí.
Según una característica ventajosa de la invención, los insertos 5, 7 están realizados con un material cerámico. De preferencia, cada inserto 5, 7 está realizado con un material cerámico de diferente dureza. Por ejemplo, el segundo inserto 7 dotado de la cúpula esférica 8 está realizado con óxido de circonio (ZrO_{2}), mientras que el primer inserto 5 dotado del casquete esférico 6 está realizado con óxido de aluminio (Al_{2}O_{3}).
Según otra característica ventajosa de la invención, los insertos 5, 7 quedan montados sobre las placas 2 y 3, de manera que el centro de articulación de la rótula 4 quede sensiblemente centrado con relación, por una parte, a los bordes laterales 2c, 3c de las placas para centrarse en el plano sagital o antero-posterior S y, por otra parte, a los bordes anterior 2a, 3a y posterior 2b, 3b de las placas, a fin de quedar centrado en el plano frontal F de las vértebras. Tal disposición centrada del centro de rotación de la rótula 4 permite que la prótesis 1 ejerza los movimientos naturales del disco intervertebral de las vértebras cervicales.
Gracias a las dimensiones apropiadas de la rótula 4 y gracias a la posición de su centro de articulación, tal como queda definido, los esfuerzos aplicados sobre las superficies en contacto son limitados. Es de hacer notar que las superficies en contacto corresponden al casquete esférico 6 y a la cúpula esférica 8, para un desplazamiento angular igual o inferior a 10 grados, de modo que las frotaciones se produzcan siempre entre los insertos 5, 7, es decir, entre superficies realizadas con materia cerámica. Resulta de ello un desgaste reducido de los insertos. La limitación de la amplitud de los movimientos se obtiene por la puesta en contacto de las placas 2, 3 entre sí. Por otra parte, el ajuste del casquete esférico 6 en el interior de la cúpula esférica 8 permite obtener una estabilidad para la articulación 4, al tiempo que le asegura una movilidad tridimensional adecuada prácticamente idéntica a la de un disco natural.
Las placas 2, 3 pueden ejecutarse ventajosamente con titanio y las superficies de contacto con los planos vertebrales de las vértebras, esto es, las caras externas 2_{1}, 3_{1}, quedan de preferencia cubiertas por hidroxi apatita o con titanio de efecto de superficie por ejemplo, con el fin de mejorar la fijación entre la prótesis y el hueso adyacente.
Debemos hacer observar que pueden preverse placas 2, 3 de formas diferentes adaptadas a diferentes morfotipos posibles de los cuerpos vertebrales. Puede así preverse que la placa o las placas 2, 3 puedan presentar alturas diferentes para permitir que se adapten a la altura del espacio intersomático que se trate de restablecer. Por otra parte, como en el ejemplo ilustrado en la fig. 1 puede preverse que las caras externas 2_{1}, 3_{1} de las placas 2 y 3 presenten un perfil plano equipado o no de elementos de fijación 20 en las vértebras. En el ejemplo ilustrado en las figs. 1 y 4, cada cara externa 2_{1}, 3_{1} posee unas proyecciones de fijación 20. En el ejemplo representado en las figs. 5, 6, la cara externa 2_{1} de la primera placa 2 presenta, como elemento de fijación 20, unas proyecciones paralelas entre sí y al plano frontal F. Puede considerarse la posibilidad de que la placa superior 2 presente un perfil convexo siguiendo el plano sagital, como se ha ilustrado en la fig. 5. Según otra característica de la invención, una y/u la otra de las caras externas 2_{1}, 3_{1} de las placas 2, 3 están provistas de dos resaltos en punta de fijación no representados y suficientemente largos para atravesar cada plano de las vértebras a fin de evitar un deslizamiento de la caja.
Tal como aparece más exactamente en las figs. 2 y 4, cada placa 2, 3 está provista, sobre sus bordes posteriores 2a, 3a, de dos orificios de colocación 22 para los extremos de un utensilio que asegura la prensión simultánea de las dos placas. Debemos hacer notar que en esta posición, tal como aparece ilustrado en la fig. 1, las placas 2, 3 forman un ángulo en el plano sagital S, para facilitar la introducción de la caja en el espacio intersomático. En efecto, puede verse que la altura h de la prótesis 1 al nivel de su cara delantera definida por los bordes anteriores 2b, 3b, es inferior a su altura H en su parte posterior definida por los bordes posteriores 2a, 3a. Según una característica preferida de realización, los orificios de colocación 22 de una misma placa convergen entre sí para facilitar la retirada del utensilio de colocación.
No se limita la invención a los ejemplos descritos y representados, ya que pueden aportarse diversas modificaciones, sin salir de su marco.

Claims (14)

1. Prótesis discal para vértebras cervicales, del tipo que comprende:
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una primera (2) y una segunda (3) placas destinadas a quedar fijadas a unas vértebras cervicales inmediatas,
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y una rótula de articulación (4) interpuesta entre las dos placas (2, 3) montadas en posición superpuesta, estando compuesta la rótula por un casquete esférico (6) que coopera con una cúpula esférica (8), caracterizada porque:
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el casquete esférico (6) queda dispuesto sobre un primer inserto (5) mientras que la cúpula esférica (8) queda dispuesta sobre un segundo inserto (7),
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cada inserto (5, 7) está realizado con un material cerámico y posee una base (12, 13) de sección recta transversal circular,
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uno de los insertos (5, 7) queda montado sobre la primera placa (2), en tanto que el otro de los insertos (5, 7) queda montado sobre la segunda placa (3), de modo que el centro de articulación de la rótula (4) se encuentra sensiblemente centrado con relación a los bordes de las placas, para centrarse en el plano sagital (S) y en el plano frontal (F) de las vértebras,
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la cúpula esférica (8) posee una superficie de contacto igual por lo menos a la del casquete esférico (6) y se encuentra unida, por una moldura anular (15), a la base del inserto,
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y la placa provista del inserto que presenta el casquete esférico (8) comprende un espacio libre anular (18) para permitir el desplazamiento de la moldura anular (15) de la cúpula esférica (8) al producirse los movimientos de las placas.
2. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque cada placa (2, 3) está dispuesta para presentar un alojamiento ciego (11) de recepción para un inserto.
3. Prótesis discal según las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizada porque cada inserto (5, 7) posee una base (12, 13) cuya sección recta transversal circular va decreciendo a partir del casquete esférico (6) o de la cúpula esférica (8), y se encuentra adaptada al alojamiento ciego (11) de perfil conjugado.
4. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque cada inserto (5, 7) está realizado con un material cerámico de dureza diferente.
5. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque el inserto dotado de la cúpula esférica (8) está realizado con óxido de circonio, en tanto que el inserto dotado del casquete esférico (6) está realizado con óxido de aluminio.
6. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque comprende un elemento de amortiguación montado en el fondo del alojamiento ciego (11) destinado a quedar interpuesto entre el inserto y la placa.
7. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la placa (2) equipada con el casquete esférico (6) se extiende por encima de la placa (3) equipada con la cúpula esférica (8).
8. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1 o la 7, caracterizada porque la placa (2) que se extiende por encima de la otra placa (3) presenta una cara externa superior que presenta un perfil convexo siguiendo el plano sagital (S).
9. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque cada placa (2, 3) posee una cara externa de perfil plano.
10. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 8 o la 9, caracterizada porque la cara externa de una y/o de la otra de las placas está provista de unas proyecciones de fijación (20) en las vértebras.
11. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 10, caracterizada porque las proyecciones de fijación (20) están constituidas por unas nervaduras paralelas entre sí y con relación a los bordes posteriores de las placas.
12. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 8 o la 9, caracterizada porque la cara externa (2_{1}, 3_{1}) de una y/o de la otra de las placas está provista de dos salientes en punta que permiten evitar el deslizamiento de la caja.
13. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque cada placa (2, 3) está provista sobre sus bordes posteriores, de dos orificios de colocación (22) para los extremos de un utensilio que asegura la prensión simultánea de las dos placas que en esta posición forman en el plano sagital un cono de introducción.
14. Prótesis discal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque cada placa (2, 3) presenta un borde anterior (2b, 3b) de perfil cóncavo en el plano transversal.
ES01913926T 2000-03-03 2001-03-02 Protesis discal para vertebras cervicales. Expired - Lifetime ES2234820T3 (es)

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ATE284660T1 (de) 2005-01-15
US6517580B1 (en) 2003-02-11
USRE40260E1 (en) 2008-04-22
AU2001239337A1 (en) 2001-09-12
EP1263352A1 (fr) 2002-12-11
FR2805733B1 (fr) 2002-06-07
DE60107818T2 (de) 2005-12-22
WO2001064140A1 (fr) 2001-09-07
EP1263352B1 (fr) 2004-12-15
PT1263352E (pt) 2005-04-29

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