ES2213486A1 - Elimination of fish parasites consists of electrocution of freshly caught fish at selected anode and cathode currents depending on requirements - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure to eliminate parasites from fish, according to which freshly caught fish is subjected to electrocution, either individually in the case of large fish or massively in the case of small fish, practicing said electrocution by immersion of the fish in large containers with electrolyte, where anode(s) and cathode(s) provide(s) an intensity that can be varied depending on the size and/or characteristics of the fish to be electrocuted and/or the parasite to be eliminated.

Description

Procedure to eliminate parasites from fish.

The present invention is about a new procedure to eliminate parasites from fish. In particular, The present invention deals with a new method for eliminating the fish parasite known as "anisakis simplex".

Anisakis are nematode parasites (worms round). The word anisakis derives etymologically from the Greek Anise (uneven) and Akis (tip). This term was coined by first time by Felix Dujardin in 1945, who identified the adult worms

The taxonomic situation of anisakis is complex and confusing. It is included in the nematode class, subclass secernentea, ascaridida order, ascaridina suborder, ascaridiodea superfamily, family anisakidae ( heterocheilidae ), subfamily anisakinae, genus anisakis.

The Anisakidae family comprises 24 genera, most of them barely described. The anisakinae subfamily encompasses the genera pseudonterranova ( phocanema, newfoundland, porocaecum ), contracaecum ( phoscascaris ) and anisakis. Four species are recognized from the latter: Anisakis simplex ( A. marina ), A. Physeteris , A. typical and A. schupakovi.

The anisakis simplex larva has a length 1836 mm and a diameter of 0.24-0.60 mm. It is whitish coloration, cross-sectioned cuticle, and has a terebrant tooth next to the opening of the excretory pole (in the anterior part of the head), a mouth without differentiated lips, a esophagus divided into a long muscular preventricle and a ventricle short, obliquely attached to the intestine, and in addition, three glands anal located near the rectum and a small spine or mucrom at tail end

The genus Anisakis differs from other members of the family by the dentigenic edges of its lips, the characteristics of its esophageal ventricles (located between the esophagus and intestine) and the absence of intestinal blind ( phocanema and contracaecum do present).

The life cycles of the different members of the heterocheilidae family includes one or more hosts intermediaries

All species of the genus Anisakis are normally stomach parasites of marine mammals.

Anasakis simplex is a stomach parasite of marine mammals, such as the whale, the dolphin, the seal or the sperm whale, and its eggs are expelled into the sea through the stool The larvae are ingested by small crustaceans that more late are the food of fish and cephalopods. This fish, between those found hake, sardines, anchovies, cod, bonito, Verdel, whiting, squid and other species of common consumption and habitual among humans, they become guests intermediaries of parasites, which migrate to the tissues of the muscle thus transmitting the parasite to the human being.

Fish parasite sensitization Anisakis simplex is known. Its etiological relevance as an agent inducer of acute and chronic hypersensitivity symptoms has been described by different groups, as well as participation in diverse gastrointestinal pathology.

The parasitization of the fish we consume is very frequent, since it affects rates above 50% for some species, according to studies conducted in central markets. The number of potentially parasitized species is very large and so It has been demonstrated, for example, in 18 of the 23 studied species of Fish from the Galician coast. These data may vary according to geographical areas, also observing the existence of a cycle seasonal parasitization of fish that may vary in each zone. For example, the parasitization rates of the fish consumed in the central area of Spain they are even higher during the spring.

Man can be an accidental host of the anisakis larva, in which case the disease will suffer (anisakiasis). This has been directly associated with the intake of raw fish (salted, smoked, pickled) or a little cooked In Spain, the high rate of fish consumption and the how often it is consumed under these conditions justifies that the Anisakis problem has become a matter of social relevance of the first nature. In particular, it is associated with the pickled anchovy, which is the most frequent form of Raw fish consumption in our society. So in those areas like the Community of Madrid or the northern zone, where this habit food is more widespread, the associated problems are greater to the anisakis.

The clinical pictures associated with anisakis are They are divided into two groups: those who only have symptoms digestive by parasitization (anisakiasis) and those others in those that develop skin manifestations or symptoms General of an allergic reaction.

Anisakiasis consists in parasitizing the man by the larva of the anisakis. This contact with the larva is produced after ingestion of fish and more rarely cephalopods and crustaceans. Anisakiasis, especially, is common in societies like the Japanese where the ingestion of raw sin is very frequent In our environment the usual form of exposure is for the consumption of anchovy in vinegar.

There are several clinical forms of anisakiasis, being more frequently gastrointestinal:

- The luminal form is one in which only There is adherence of the parasite to the digestive mucosa and asymptomatic, detecting larvae in stool or vomit.

- The gastric form course acutely with epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. The symptoms usually appear between 24-48 hours after ingestion of the fish. In our medium is the most frequent and the one that is usually associated to symptoms suggestive of allergic reaction (10% of cases).

- The intestinal form usually has a chronic course when developing abscesses with remains of anisakis in the intestinal wall You have abdominal pain and abnormalities of the intestinal rhythm Sometimes it can cause appendicitis acute, diverticulitis or iletis. It is possible that a intestinal obstruction and even that the larva pierces the wall intestinal, resulting in peritoneal pictures.

To effectively solve all the problem described and avoid, with guarantees, transmission to humans, Two recommendations are conventionally made:

a) Freezing the fish for at least 24 hours.

b) Cook the fish at sixty degrees per space Ten minutes

Any of them involves an alteration, change or modification of consumption habits, a problem that is accentuated in those countries, societies or cultures where large are consumed quantities of raw or semi-raw fish (salted fish,  vinaigrettes, smoked).

The process according to the invention eliminates the spread of anisakis to humans without altering, changing or Modify consumption habits. According to the same, he submits to Freshly caught fish to an electrocution, well shaped individualized when it comes to large fish or shape massive, when it comes to small fish, practicing bliss electrocution by immersion of fish in large containers with electrolyte, where anode (s) and cathode (s) provides (n) an intensity that can be varied depending on the size and / or characteristics of the fish to be electrocuted and / or the parasite to eliminate.

With this procedure you get exactly the same result: the death of the larva, leaving therefore the Fish suitable for consumption.

They are included in the object of the invention any ways of implementing this procedure now be electrocuting fish individually when it deals with large pieces (such as tuna, bonito or similar) already be massively electrocuting fish when it comes to pieces small (sardines, anchovies, cephalopods and the like).

An example of practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention.

An example of practical realization - no Limitation - of this procedure includes:

- one or several large containers containing a electrolyte (for example salt water);

- the arrangement of at least one anode and one cathode associated with said electrolyte.

The electrocution is carried out by submerging the fish in the electrolyte and applying an intensity to the poles (intensity that may vary depending on size and / or characteristics of the fish to be electrocuted and / or the parasite a eliminate and that, in any case, it will be enough to kill the larva and leave the fish raw and ready for consumption).

Claims (1)

1. Procedure to eliminate parasites from the fish, characterized in that according to the same, the freshly caught fish is subjected to electrocution, either individually when it comes to large fish or in bulk, when it comes to small fish, practicing such electrocution by immersion of fish in large containers with electrolyte, where anode (s) and cathode (s) provide an intensity that can be varied depending on the size and / or characteristics of the fish to be electrocuted and / or the parasite to be eliminated.