ES2210611T3 - EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

THIS INVENTION REFERENCES TO EXCAVATORS FOR PARTICULAR POROUS WELLS OF THE TYPE THAT INCLUDE: A HYDRAULIC SPOON (16), AT LEAST ONE DRILL CABLE (21) TO RAISE AND DOWN THE SPOON (16) THROUGH A VERTICAL EXCAVATION AXIS (X), A TELESCOPIC GUIDE GROUP (13 15) TO GUIDE THE SPOON THROUGH THE EXCAVATION AXIS AND A ROTATION DEVICE (31) TO TURN THE SPOON AROUND THE EXCAVATION AXIS. THE ROTATION DEVICE (31) IS INTERPESTED BETWEEN THE TELESCOPIC GUIDE GROUP (13 15) AND THE SPOON (16); THE MAIN CABLE (21) IS CONNECTED TO AN ELEMENT (15) PROVIDED ABOVE THE ROTATION DEVICE (31). THE EQUIPMENT INCLUDES FLEXIBLE TUBES (19) FOR THE ACTIVATION OF THE SPOON AND WHEELS OF ROLLING PALLETS (20) TO ROLL THE TUBES AROUND A HORIZONTAL AXIS. THE WHEELS OF PALLETS (20) ARE ALSO MOUNTED ON A NON-ROTATING STRUCTURAL ELEMENT (13) PROVISION ON THE ROTATING DEVICE (31).

Description

Excavation equipment

Background of the invention

The present invention relates to the field of excavation for the construction of diaphragms, and referred to in particular to a hydraulic excavation bucket equipment for narrow steps intended for the construction of said diaphragms

Objectives of the invention

Diaphragms composed of a series of side panels arranged side by side, being each panel obtained by digging a section generally rectangular that extends in the direction of diaphragm and in which the short sides are fitted with the sides Shorts from adjacent panels. Generally, excavations are carried out with spoons of two leaflets with superimposed teeth for penetration into the ground and for the loading of the earth. The Spoon body is equipped with guide elements fixed to the body, either rigidly or by positioning devices and regulation.

The spoon is suspended from a team of excavation from the surface, getting the descent and the lifting the bucket inside the hole using one or Several steel maneuver cables, both of the direct fire type as of the type for the elevation of blocks. The body of the spoon It is suspended from these steel cables. The precise energy of digging to drive the leaflets is obtained by one or more oleodynamic cylinders located in the bucket body, powered by two flexible pipes wound on the corresponding motor driven spoke wheels, which maintain a constant tension

To get a perfect closure of the leaflets, the teeth of the leaflets are arranged asymmetrically and complementary. Therefore, the number of teeth is different in both leaflets, exerting specific efforts on the teeth by the force of the excavation.

To ensure the stability and success of the operation is essential that the surface of the diaphragm is free of discontinuity points: adjacent panels must stay in touch throughout its length. Therefore it is necessary that both the short sides and the long sides of each panel are vertical It is also necessary to avoid all torsion helical individual panels; although they are contiguous in height and have vertical axes, the panels can be separated and divergent below certain depths of dredging, as a result of the torsion exerted on the shaft vertical. Therefore, it is very important that during the excavation can be guaranteed that the sides of the panels They remain vertical.

Vertical positioning errors are mainly due to the asymmetrical position of the teeth of the leaflets and the irregular nature of the terrain.

Asymmetric positioning of the teeth of the leaflets for maximum closure, complete and balanced of both leaflets. Experts in the field admit that the teeth of the leaflets must be out of step halfway with with respect to those of the other leaflet to allow a leaflet closure Without any contact between the teeth. For obvious reasons related to balance during excavation, one of the leaflets is provided with an additional tooth (with respect to the other valve). The shape of the teeth is therefore symmetrical in vertical direction on the axis of rotation of the leaflet. For other part, the degree of effort exerted on each leaflet at closing (excavation of the land) is different.

Differences in torsion are due mainly to the differences mentioned above of the digging teeth of both leaflets.

Reference will now be made to Figures 1 to 3, which illustrate the excavation equipment of the bucket type Used for the construction of diaphragms. The team is provided with a telescopic guidance group, mounted on a head of connection 11 in the upper part of the arm 10 of the crane. The telescopic group can rotate on the vertical axis of excavation by means of the rotation device 12 fixed to the head 11. The telescopic group comprises an upper element 13 fixed to the rotating part of the rotating element 12, an intermediate element 14 which can slide telescopically inside the first one, and a lower element 15 that can slide telescopically through The inside of the second. The body of the spoon 16, including the side guides 17 and the leaflets of current type 18 is actuated by a hydraulic system housed inside the body of bucket 16 and actuated by flexible pipes 19, rolled on the spoke wheels 20 fixed to the bottom of the third element 15. The spoke wheels are mounted of so that they can rotate on the first upper telescopic element 13 and are provided with an elastic hydraulic collection system to ensure a virtually constant predefined voltage at flexible pipes 19. The maneuvering steel cable 21 is fixed at 22 to an element 23 which in turn is fixed to the body of the spoon to guarantee the ascent and descent of the spoon. These movements correspond to those of retraction and extension of the telescopic group 13-15, respectively. During the downward movement of the bucket (lowering) the Flexible pipes are wound on the spokes wheels. The winding is controlled so that the pipes are subjected to the specified voltage; during the rise of the spoon, spoon wheels roll up the pipes automatically.

The telescopic group makes it possible for you to ensure that the panel remains upright for the first meters of the excavation or when not yet used the body of the spoon with its lateral guides in the section of panel excavation.

During excavation, to compensate, or so less limit vertical axis deviations due to asymmetric configuration of the teeth, in each cycle of excavation or after some cycles, the spoon is removed from the hole and rotation device 12 is used to rotate the guide group and consequently the 180º spoon body on the vertical axis X.

It should be taken into account that this technique implies Some inconvenients. First, it limits the diameter of the Spoke wheels, which are rotatably fixed to the group telescopic, should not physically interfere with the crane arm  during the maneuver For this reason, wheels of spokes of a relatively small diameter. This limitation it has negative effects on flexible pipes in what regards the bending angles of the step section for a careful rolled up on the spokes wheel. Consequently, at reduce the diameter of the spokes wheel reduces the functionality, resulting in accelerated wear that reduces the life of flexible pipes.

Second, at least in one of the operating configurations, if not both, a double twist by the copper components of the maneuver cable on the vertical axis. This double twist is produced by the torsional instability of all suspended parts, producing the mentioned helical type movement previously. Excavation accuracy depends almost exclusively from the experience of the operators.

Finally, the excavation equipment of the type of cable scoop of the type mentioned here can drive easily to a twist of the cables, with the consequent sliding and premature wear of the cables in case of a excessive rotation due to maneuver errors.

Summary of the invention

It is an objective of the present invention to perform an improved type of spoon digging equipment, restricting the disadvantages and limitations of said technique as described above. In particular, an objective of the invention is to propose a team capable of carrying out precise excavations with particular attention on disposal or at least in the limitation of torsional errors.

Another objective of the present invention is provide excavation equipment that allows the use of Spoke wheels of a larger diameter and, therefore, of some flexible pipes capable of withstanding greater efforts and by both get more power for the operation of the leaflets

Another objective of the present invention is provide excavation equipment that is easier to maneuver so that the precision of the excavation is no longer totally depend on the experience of the operator.

These and other objectives and advantages that will be set manifest below, they are achieved according to the present invention according to claim 1 attached. The forms of Preferred embodiments are provided in the claims. subordinates 2 to 12.

The equipment includes flexible pipes for bucket drive and winding means to wind the pipe on a practically horizontal axis. The means of rolled will be mounted on a structural element not swivel arranged upstream of the device rotation.

Brief description of the drawings

The embodiment will now be described structurally and functionally preferred but not unique, the team of excavation according to the present invention, referring to the attached drawings in which the same numbers are used to designate the same parties, and in which:

Figure 1 is an elevation view in the form of excavation equipment diagram of the known type,

Figure 2 is an elevation view according to the arrow A of Figure 1, of the suspended parts of the crane,

Figure 3 shows an enlarged representation of the position of the teeth in the spoon leaflets,

Figure 4 is a side elevation view of the excavation equipment according to the present invention,

Figure 5 is a sectional view on a scale increased hydraulic rotation set included in the equipment excavation according to Figure 4.

Detailed description of the invention

Referring to Figure 4, which presents the excavation equipment object of the present invention, for the sake of simplicity, the parts already described in previous claims and which refer to Figures 1 to 3, will be described only with the precise extension for the understanding of the invention.

The excavation equipment illustrated in Figure 4 includes a coupling head 11 arranged in the part upper arm 10 of the crane. A telescopic guidance group composed of coaxial telescopic elements, preferably in number of three, is preferably mounted by a horizontal joint 30 on the head 11. The elements Coaxial telescopes should preferably be: a first upper and outer element 13 coupled to the upper section of the head 11, a second intermediate element (not illustrated in the Figure 4 for simplicity purposes) and a third lower element internal 15.

The digging force required for the actuation of the leaflets is obtained by one or more oleodynamic cylinders contained inside the body of the spoon fed by two flexible pipes 19, rolled on the corresponding motorized 20 spoke wheels with a constant voltage (only one visible in the Figure is represented 4). The descent and rise of the spoon 16 inside the excavation is achieved by one or more steel cables of maneuver 21.

The body 16 of the spoon is mounted so rotating on an axis practically parallel to the axis of the excavation, on the lower end of the telescopic element lower 15 interposing a hydraulic rotation device 31 by which you can rotate on the vertical axis X of the excavation, only the spoon but not the device telescopic. Also, according to the present invention if the point of steel cable clamp 21 is fixed to an arranged element before rotation device 31, in the embodiment preferred the cable is fixed to the lower element 15 of the group telescopic, preferably close to the upper end.

Spoke wheels 20 for winding are mounted on a structural element arranged before rotation device, which therefore does not rotate with the spoon; in the preferred embodiment, the spoke wheels rotate on the upper element 13 of the telescopic group of guided. This type of configuration allows to adapt the dimensions from spoke wheels to specific functional requirements without  technical or dimensional limitations. As will be evident when compare Figure 4 with 2, in the present invention (Figure 4) Spoke wheels can be placed as required on the telescopic device without protruding from the front of the group  telescopic. In this way it is possible to get diaphragms that They can be based on possible existing vertical walls. This possibility is suppressed if a device of the type is used traditional as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, in which at least one of the possible operating positions of the wheel spokes protrude from the front of the most extended section of the equipment and could interfere with a vertical wall already existing.

Another advantage of the preferred embodiment of the equipment according to the present invention is based on the fact that the dimensions of the flexible pipe (19) can be projected with optimal sections, increased according to the techniques known in order to be able to load larger amounts of oil. In this way it is possible to increase the power transmitted to the leaflets and therefore improve the performance of the equipment excavation.

As will be evident, the steel cables are already they are not subjected to torsional stress due to the rotation of the spoon on the vertical axis, since the steel cable is subject to the lower element 15 of the telescopic group (which does not rotate) at a certain point and not in the spoon itself. By consequently, the lack of torsional stability that It is evident in traditional excavation equipment.

Next, reference will be made to Figure 5 in which a preferred embodiment of the hydraulic rotation device, designated as a whole by number 31, interposed between the telescopic group and the Spoon body for the latter's turn.

The hydraulic device is composed of a fixed upper section, attached to the telescopic group and a section rotating bottom, fixed to the bucket body. The fixed section and the rotating section are normally locked by the Hydraulic brake 36 reed opening.

The gearmotor 32 is fixed to the element upper telescopic 13 of the guiding group; the exit of the gearmotor gear transmission to the toothed ring 33 is coaxial with the telescopic group and is provided with one or several cavities (not shown) that can be used to coupling the coupling element 34 fixed in its rotation with the mobile bottom section of the hydraulic device. In the way of preferred embodiment, the coupling element 34 is composed of a pin mounted in a sliding way vertical with respect to the hydraulic cylinder 35 fixed to the bucket.  The hydraulic rotation device also includes a gasket 37 two-way rotary hydraulics.

As illustrated in Figure 5, once removed totally the spoon of the hole, the telescopic group of guided 13 to 15 moves up: pin 34 is inserted into one of said gaps (not shown) made in the toothed ring 33 so that the ring is fixed to the rotating spoon. The vertical compression effort exerted by the buttress of the top of pin 34 against the ring 33 exerts pressure on the inner incompressible fluid of cylinder 35. The reed brake 36, in fluid communication with cylinder 35 reacts to this pressure variation by displacing the rotating section of the fixed section of the hydraulic device 31; when turning, the body of the spoon moves with respect to the group telescopic.

When the gearmotor 32 is activated, the ring toothed 33 and pin 34 move producing the rotation of the Spoon body

The way the bucket rotates can be regulated as required. Normally, it is regulated to achieve a rotation 180º that compensates for the deviation produced by the shape asymmetric of the teeth of the leaflet.

Hydraulic feeding for opening and closure of the leaflets 18 should preferably be achieved by means of a two-way hydraulic joint 37. Another advantage of this type of configuration is that an unlimited number of turns, while with the previous solutions I could only allow a maximum rotation of 180º due to the winding of the Spoon suspension steel cable.

It is understood that the observations here are they do apply to an embodiment intended for the purpose of the illustration and that the invention does not remain Limited in any case. The illustrated embodiment may be subject to changes related to the shape and position of constituent parts and constructive and functional details within the scope of the appended claims. According to another way of embodiment, not illustrated here, the rolling radius wheels they can be mounted on the crane arm and not on the group telescopic, although the observations made here do not illustrate This possibility.

Claims (11)

1. Excavation equipment for the construction of diaphragms of the type that includes:

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a spoon hydraulic (16),

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cable means of steel (21) to raise and lower the spoon along a substantially vertical excavation shaft (X),

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a telescopic group of guidance (13-15) to guide the spoon along of said excavation axis,

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a device hydraulic rotation (31) to rotate the bucket around said excavation shaft,

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flexible pipes (19) for the operation of the bucket and winding means (20) to wind said pipes on a shaft practically horizontal;

characterized in that said rotation device (31) is interposed between the telescopic guide group (13-15) and the bucket (16), the steel cable means (21) are fixed to an element (15) of the telescopic group of guided, upstream of the rotation device, and because the winding means are mounted on a non-rotating structural element of said excavation equipment located upstream of the rotation device. 2. Excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel cable means (21) are fixed to the lower element (15) of the telescopic guide group. 3. Excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that said winding means (20) are mounted so as not to protrude from the front part of the excavation equipment. 4. Excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding means (20) are mounted on the telescopic group (13-15). 5. Excavation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that the winding means (20) are mounted on the upper telescopic element (13) of said telescopic guide group (13-15). 6. Excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that said rotation device (31) is composed of an upper part fixed to the telescopic group and a lower part that can rotate, fixed in its rotation, to the body of the bucket, and by a hydraulic opening reed brake (36) for reciprocal locking of said fixed and rotating parts. 7. Excavation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that one of the two fixed or rotating parts includes driving means (32) to allow the rotation of a transmission element (34) capable of engaging in rotation with said transmission element (33 ), said rotation device being able to withstand two alternative arrangements for operation:

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in the first arrangement, when the telescopic group is extended,

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A second rotating coupling arrangement, when the group telescopic is in the upper position in which said element of coupling (34) and said transmission element (33) are set for rotation.

8. Excavation equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that said coupling element (34) is hydraulically fixed to the reed brake (36) in order to unlock it in said second coupling arrangement for rotation. 9. Excavation equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that said coupling element (34) is an element that can slide vertically with respect to a hydraulic cylinder (35) in fluid communication with said brake (36). 10. Excavation equipment according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that said hydraulic rotation device (31) includes a two-way rotary hydraulic joint (37). 11. Excavation equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that the hydraulic supply for the opening of the leaflets (18) and the bucket (16) is achieved through said two-way hydraulic joint (37).