ES2158459T3 - Revestimiento de barrera termica con subcapa mejorada y piezas revestidas por dicha barrera termica. - Google Patents
Revestimiento de barrera termica con subcapa mejorada y piezas revestidas por dicha barrera termica.Info
- Publication number
- ES2158459T3 ES2158459T3 ES97400436T ES97400436T ES2158459T3 ES 2158459 T3 ES2158459 T3 ES 2158459T3 ES 97400436 T ES97400436 T ES 97400436T ES 97400436 T ES97400436 T ES 97400436T ES 2158459 T3 ES2158459 T3 ES 2158459T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- thermal barrier
- subcapa
- improved
- parts covered
- barrier coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
- Y10T428/12549—Adjacent to each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
EL REVESTIMIENTO DE BARRERA TERMICA PARA SUSTRATO EN SUPERALEACION UTILIZADO PARTICULARMENTE EN LAS TURBOMAQUINAS QUE LLEVAN UN REVESTIMIENTO CERAMICO Y UNA SUBCAPA INTERPUESTA ENTRE EL SUSTRATO Y LA CERAMICA, SE CARACTERIZA PORQUE LA SUBCAPA ESTA COMPUESTA DE UN ALUMINIURO DE NIQUEL Y/O DE COBALTO QUE CONTIENE AL MENOS UN METAL DE LA MINA DEL PLATINO Y AL MENOS UN METAL PROMOTOR DE LA FORMACION DE UNA CAPA DE OXIDO CONSTITUIDO POR LA VARIEDAD ALOTROPICA {AL} DEL ALUMINIO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9602536A FR2745590B1 (fr) | 1996-02-29 | 1996-02-29 | Revetement de barriere thermique a sous-couche amelioree et pieces revetues par une telle barriere thermique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2158459T3 true ES2158459T3 (es) | 2001-09-01 |
Family
ID=9489709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES97400436T Expired - Lifetime ES2158459T3 (es) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-02-27 | Revestimiento de barrera termica con subcapa mejorada y piezas revestidas por dicha barrera termica. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5843585A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0792948B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP3961606B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2196744C (es) |
DE (1) | DE69705141T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2158459T3 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2745590B1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6495271B1 (en) | 1993-03-01 | 2002-12-17 | General Electric Company | Spallation-resistant protective layer on high performance alloys |
US6103315A (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Co. | Method for modifying the surface of a thermal barrier coating by plasma-heating |
EP0985745B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2006-07-12 | General Electric Company | Bond coat for a thermal barrier coating system |
FR2784120B1 (fr) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-11-03 | Snecma | Revetement de barriere thermique a faible conductivite thermique, piece metallique protegee par ce revetement, procede de depot de ce revetement |
SG81253A1 (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2001-06-19 | Gen Electric | Improved diffusion aluminide bond coat for a thermal barrier coating system and method therefor |
EP1094131B1 (en) | 1999-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | ROLLS-ROYCE plc | A corrosion protective coating for a metallic article and a method of applying a corrosion protective coating to a metallic article |
US6833328B1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2004-12-21 | General Electric Company | Method for removing a coating from a substrate, and related compositions |
US7001859B2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2006-02-21 | Ohio Aerospace Institute | Low conductivity and sintering-resistant thermal barrier coatings |
US6812176B1 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2004-11-02 | Ohio Aerospace Institute | Low conductivity and sintering-resistant thermal barrier coatings |
US6682827B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-01-27 | General Electric Company | Nickel aluminide coating and coating systems formed therewith |
EP1327702A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-16 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Mcraiy bond coating and method of depositing said mcraiy bond coating |
US6886327B1 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2005-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | NiAl-based approach for rocket combustion chambers |
US6669471B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-12-30 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Furnace conveyer belt having thermal barrier |
JP4173762B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-04 | 2008-10-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | α型結晶構造主体のアルミナ皮膜の製造方法および積層皮膜被覆部材の製造方法 |
DE10358813A1 (de) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-07-21 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Quasikristalline Legierungen und deren Verwendung als Beschichtung |
FR2870858B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-28 | 2007-04-06 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Procede de fabrication ou de reparation d'un revetement sur un substrat metallique |
DE102004045049A1 (de) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | Man Turbo Ag | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht |
US7282271B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2007-10-16 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Durable thermal barrier coatings |
US7308294B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2007-12-11 | Textronics Inc. | Textile-based electrode system |
US7846261B2 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2010-12-07 | Aeromet Technologies, Inc. | Methods of using halogen-containing organic compounds to remove deposits from internal surfaces of turbine engine components |
US7597934B2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-10-06 | General Electric Company | Corrosion coating for turbine blade environmental protection |
FR2926137B1 (fr) * | 2008-01-03 | 2012-07-06 | Snecma | Procede de determination de l'adherence d'une couche de barriere thermique en ceramique formee sur un substrat |
JP5481993B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-23 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社Ihi | アルミナイズド処理方法 |
FR2979014B1 (fr) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-08-30 | Snecma | Procede de determination de l'apparition de decohesions dans une couche de revetement en ceramique transparente formee sur un substrat |
FR2979015B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-08-30 | Snecma | Procede de determination de l'adherence d'une couche de barriere thermique en ceramique formee sur un substrat par application d'une impulsion laser cote barriere thermique |
US8334011B1 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2012-12-18 | General Electric Company | Method for regenerating oxide coatings on gas turbine components by addition of oxygen into SEGR system |
DE102012101032A1 (de) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-08 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Kreiskolbenmotor und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kreiskolbenmotors |
GB201610768D0 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine component with protective coating |
CN106767070A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 山东大学 | 一种平板式环路热管蒸发器及环路热管 |
CN115640632A (zh) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-24 | 港珠澳大桥管理局 | 钢箱梁桥涂层服役状态评估方法、装置、设备和介质 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE759275A (fr) * | 1969-12-05 | 1971-04-30 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Procede d'application de couches protectrices diffusees sur despieces en alliage a base de cobalt |
US4123594A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1978-10-31 | General Electric Company | Metallic coated article of improved environmental resistance |
GB2041246B (en) * | 1979-02-01 | 1982-12-01 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Protective layer |
US4401697A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-08-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for producing columnar grain ceramic thermal barrier coatings |
US4321311A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1982-03-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Columnar grain ceramic thermal barrier coatings |
US5514482A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1996-05-07 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components |
GB2285632B (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1996-02-14 | Garrett Corp | Thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components |
US5015502A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1991-05-14 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Ceramic thermal barrier coating with alumina interlayer |
US4880614A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1989-11-14 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Ceramic thermal barrier coating with alumina interlayer |
US5238752A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1993-08-24 | General Electric Company | Thermal barrier coating system with intermetallic overlay bond coat |
GB9204791D0 (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1992-04-22 | Rolls Royce Plc | A coated article |
GB9218858D0 (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1992-10-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | High temperature corrosion resistant composite coatings |
US5427866A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-06-27 | General Electric Company | Platinum, rhodium, or palladium protective coatings in thermal barrier coating systems |
US5658614A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1997-08-19 | Howmet Research Corporation | Platinum aluminide CVD coating method |
US5562998A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-10-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Durable thermal barrier coating |
EP0718420B1 (en) * | 1994-12-24 | 1999-04-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method of applying a thermal barrier coating to a superalloy article and a thermal barrier coating |
GB9426257D0 (en) * | 1994-12-24 | 1995-03-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | Thermal barrier coating for a superalloy article and method of application |
US5512382A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-04-30 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Porous thermal barrier coating |
US5683761A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-11-04 | General Electric Company | Alpha alumina protective coatings for bond-coated substrates and their preparation |
FR2757181B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-12 | 1999-02-12 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d'un revetement protecteur a haute efficacite contre la corrosion a haute temperature pour superalliages, revetement protecteur obtenu par ce procede et pieces protegees par ce revetement |
-
1996
- 1996-02-29 FR FR9602536A patent/FR2745590B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-04 CA CA002196744A patent/CA2196744C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-27 US US08/807,755 patent/US5843585A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97400436A patent/EP0792948B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 DE DE69705141T patent/DE69705141T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 ES ES97400436T patent/ES2158459T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-28 JP JP04603597A patent/JP3961606B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2745590B1 (fr) | 1998-05-15 |
EP0792948B1 (fr) | 2001-06-13 |
JPH09324278A (ja) | 1997-12-16 |
FR2745590A1 (fr) | 1997-09-05 |
DE69705141D1 (de) | 2001-07-19 |
US5843585A (en) | 1998-12-01 |
EP0792948A1 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
DE69705141T2 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
CA2196744A1 (fr) | 1997-08-29 |
CA2196744C (fr) | 2004-05-18 |
JP3961606B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FG2A | Definitive protection |
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