EP4484878A1 - System and method for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer by means of at least one working material with at least one heat source and/or material source, at least one storage system, at least one compressor, at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer), wherein the storage system is a combination of at least one steam/liquid storage device that can be loaded by means of at least one heat source and/or material source with at least one downstream high-temperature storage device and the at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) is coupled to the working material output from the steam/liquid storage device and/or the compressor and/or the compressor stage and/or the high-temperature storage device for supplying energy and/or material and/or reconverting it into electricity. According to the method, at least one working medium in the form of steam/gas from the steam/liquid storage tank is compressed by means of vapor compression, thereby increasing the temperature of the working medium, wherein at least one high-temperature storage tank is loaded with the working medium with the increased temperature.

Description

The invention relates to a system and a method for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer according to the preamble of the 1st and 7th patent claims.

The process heat supply is largely based on natural gas. The reduction of dependencies must be successful here. This is currently having a very large impact on the purchase price of natural gas or substitutes. At the same time, the phase-out of the supply of fossil fuels must be accelerated (e.g. massive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions). This can be achieved safely and inexpensively by using renewable energy sources (e.g. wind power, photovoltaics). Due to the fluctuating energy supply, storage solutions (flexibility of supply) and the use of waste heat (increase in efficiency) are required.

High-temperature or industrial heat pumps are limited in their maximum operating temperature due to available/suitable refrigerants and technologies.

Many refrigerants continue to have harmful effects (ozone depletion, greenhouse gas effects, toxic degradation products, etc.). Therefore, switching to natural refrigerants is urgently needed.

Different heat storage devices are still used to store the heat transfer medium according to the state of the art. These are, for example, steam storage devices in the form of pressure gradient storage devices (e.g. Ruths storage devices). In these, the temperature drops during discharge. This is disadvantageous, for example, in batch processes when the temperature has to constantly rise (e.g. heating up).

Furthermore, PCM storage systems (storage systems with phase change materials) are known in which the temperature difference during loading (e.g. heat transfer through a wall into the PCM) and discharging (e.g. heat transfer through a wall from the PCM) is used. However, the temperature difference decreases as loading and/or discharging progresses, so that in many cases the charging and/or discharging performance is limited.

In known hybrid concepts, PCMs were installed in or on steam storage tanks or combined in other ways. This increased the storage capacity, However, the above-mentioned double heat transfer leads to low charging and/or discharging performance and/or to a disadvantageous temperature reduction.

Such solutions are described, for example, in the publications EP 3 260 803 A1 , AT 518793 A1 , AT 518828 A1 or DE 41 21 462 A1 called.

From the publication CN 114517925 A A process for supplying heat or generating hot steam is known. Steam from an upstream heat pump is heated to 140 °C by subsequent compression in a steam compressor and fed into a pressure vessel that is used to supply heat. This process cannot be used flexibly.

In the DE 10 2013 225 543 B3 describes the use of steam from a steam generation system in a heat-controlled combined heat and power plant. The steam is provided at high temperatures and pressures, with the aim of operating at a constant temperature. This means that the system does not increase the temperature of the heat source system. In addition, several storage units are to be operated at a constant temperature. The document does not provide a detailed description of the storage solution. Planning, implementation and operation are not possible with the information provided.

The so-called vapor compression is also known. This is a relatively old process involving the compression of gases and vapors, which is fundamentally disadvantageous compared to increasing the pressure of incompressible fluids. In many cases, this cannot be avoided in terms of process technology. Such solutions are known from the publications DE 100 52 766 C2 , DE 91 95 89 B and DE 10 2008 047 283 A1 known.

Also in DE 10 2009 016 775 A1 A method and a device for generating water vapor at a high temperature level are described, whereby water vapor is generated in two temperature stages using waste heat and a heat pump. In a third temperature stage, vapor compression is used to raise the water vapor to an industrially usable temperature level by compression. However, storage is not provided for.

From the publication CN 112879995 A is a high-temperature heat supply heat pump system that recovers waste heat and uses a collector field.

A liquid reservoir, a tank, a circulation pump and an evaporator are connected one after the other in terms of flow to form a first

To form a first liquid circulation circuit, a liquid storage tank, a vapor compressor, a condenser and the liquid collection tank are sequentially fluidly connected to form a second liquid circulation circuit.

The publication CN 113932208 A discloses a high temperature heat pump steam supply system with multiple heat sources, a heat pump heating system, a solar assisted flash evaporation system, and a vapor compression system.

A thermal hybrid compression heat pump steam system with two heat sources is CN 216408920 U The dual heat source thermal mixed compression heat pump steam system includes a dual heat source evaporation system, a thermal compression system, and a mechanical compression system.

In the printed publication US 10,794,227 B1 describes a system and method for using latent heat to generate energy. In addition, this solution relates to a fully enclosed latent heat recovery system that uses a steam source to generate steam. A plurality of lines transport the steam and resulting gas, expanded energy and condensate to a steam expander, compressor, heat exchanger, accumulator and steam condenser for expansion, compression and conversion between states of the steam. The latent heat generated by the expansion and energy release of the vapors and gases produces work to drive a load.

If a storage tank is provided, the heat pump process control is not optimally adapted to the storage solution. Therefore, the aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage that they are not flexible or not sufficiently flexible and cannot be easily adapted to requirements.

A heat pump steam supply system with heat storage function is described in the publication CN 114484398 A The system works with two steam accumulators or steam-liquid accumulators. Steam accumulators, in particular the gradient pressure accumulators mentioned here, have disadvantages, such as falling or too low temperatures during discharge. Falling temperatures during Discharge leads to a shortening of the operating time (e.g. during heating processes).

The object of the invention is to develop a system and a method for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer, in particular for supplying energy and/or material with temperature increase, with which an energy and/or material supply to one or more consumers with temperatures of, for example, over 120 °C and thus an increase in the supply temperatures and thus higher temperatures during discharge can be realized compared to Ruths storage or hybrid storage concepts and a good coordination of the charging and discharging performance as well as an adaptation of the energy and/or material supply to the demand is ensured, whereby in particular environmentally friendly and inexpensive refrigerants are used and the energy storage density can be increased. This object is solved with the features of the 1st and 7th patent claims. Advantageous embodiments arise from the subclaims.

• mindestens eine Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle,
• mindestens ein Speichersystem,
• mindestens einen Verdichter und/oder mindestens eine Verdichterstufe,
• mindestens eine Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) auf, wobei erfindungsgemäß,
  das Speichersystem eine Kombination
• mindestens eines, mittels mindestens einer Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle beladbaren, Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeichers
  mit
• mindestens einem nachgeschalteten Hochtemperaturspeicher ist,
• zwischen dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher und dem Hochtemperaturspeicher mindestens ein Verdichter und/oder eine Verdichterstufe zum Verdichten des Arbeitsstoffes angeordnet ist,
  und
• mindestens eine Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) zur Energie- und/oder Stoffversorgung und/oder Rückverstromung mit dem aus dem Dampf-/ Flüssigkeitsspeicher und/oder dem Verdichter oder der Verdichterstufe und/oder dem Hochtemperaturspeicher ausgegebenen Arbeitsstoff gekoppelt ist.

The system for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer by means of at least one working material has

• at least one heat source and/or material source,
• at least one storage system,
• at least one compressor and/or at least one compressor stage,
• at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer), wherein according to the invention,
  the storage system is a combination
• at least one steam/liquid storage device that can be loaded by means of at least one heat source and/or material source
  with
• at least one downstream high-temperature storage tank,
• at least one compressor and/or one compressor stage for compressing the working medium is arranged between the steam/liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank,
  and
• at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) for energy and/or material supply and/or re-conversion is coupled to the working material output from the steam/liquid storage and/or the compressor or the compressor stage and/or the high-temperature storage.

This configuration of the energy and/or material supply system enables a

Heat pump storage system can be implemented with which a temperature increase of the working medium output from the first storage tank can be realized by vapor compression and whereby the working medium with the increased temperature can be stored in a further storage tank, namely the high-temperature storage tank.

This makes it possible for the first time to supply one or more consumers with the same high temperatures from the high-temperature storage tank or all or some or only one with lower temperatures output from the steam/liquid storage tank.

It is also possible to use an expansion machine to at least partially reconvert the energy into electricity and/or to connect means for reconverting the energy into electricity downstream of the steam/liquid storage and/or the high-temperature storage: e.g. a steam turbine, a combined gas/steam turbine or a displacement machine. The steam from the first working medium can also be used for process steps in fuel cells or in the chemical industry. The system can therefore be used effectively and flexibly.

In order to ensure a desired temperature increase, a multi-stage compression system can be integrated between the steam/liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank, e.g. using several compressors and/or compressor stages. This allows the temperature of the working medium output from the steam/liquid storage tank to be increased even further.

Upstream of the high-temperature storage tank, mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression of the working fluid released from the steam/liquid storage tank can also be achieved using mechanical and/or thermal compressors. The mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression achieves the aforementioned increase in temperature of the working fluid, which is then stored in the high-temperature storage tank.

Advantageously, at least one expansion device and/or a pressure loss-generating component for the working medium is arranged between the high-temperature storage tank and the steam/liquid storage tank, so that the expansion of the working medium (reduction of the pressure) with return to the steam/liquid storage tank can be realized and/or Elements for relaxing the working fluid before it is returned to the steam/liquid storage tank are integrated into the high-temperature storage tank.

The pressure loss-generating component can be, for example, a thin pipe or a cross-sectional constriction or a nozzle or an orifice or a diverter or a valve body or another hydraulic device for throttling or a combination thereof.

As a result, the working fluid is returned to the steam/liquid storage tank in liquid or predominantly liquid form or, depending on the operation, in gaseous form.

The vapor/liquid storage device contains in particular the working medium in equilibrium or near equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vapor, whereby the temperature, pressure, mass and fill level of the liquid phase change when the vapor/liquid storage device is loaded and unloaded and thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage device and a thermal energy storage device.

The high-temperature storage device loaded with the compressed working material is designed in particular as a container and is designed, for example, as a tube bundle apparatus with storage material. Additionally or alternatively, encapsulated storage materials or encapsulated storage materials can also be introduced into the container, in which case the storage material(s) consist in particular of phase change material, whereby heat transfer from the working material to the storage material can be achieved with or without a wall for material separation.

The working material(s) can preferably be all condensable gases/vapours and/or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or conventional synthetic refrigerants or their mixtures and/or suspensions.

• zur Versorgung mit höheren Temperaturen im Bereich von 40 °C bis 800 °C mit dem Verdichter und/oder dem Hochtemperaturspeicher gekoppelt und/oder
• zur Versorgung mit niedrigeren Temperaturen im Bereich von 20 °C bis 400 °C mit dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher gekoppelt.

Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer)

• coupled with the compressor and/or the high-temperature storage tank to supply higher temperatures in the range of 40 °C to 800 °C and/or
• coupled to the steam/liquid storage tank to supply lower temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 400 °C.

This once again highlights the flexible operation of the system.

According to the method, the energy and/or material supply to at least one consumer is carried out using a system as described above, wherein according to the invention at least one working substance in the form of steam/gas from the steam/liquid storage device is compressed by means of vapor compression via at least one compressor and/or at least one compressor stage, thereby increasing the temperature of the working substance, and at least one high-temperature storage device is loaded with the working substance with its increased temperature, in which the working substance cools down and/or is at least partially liquefied and is fed back into the steam/liquid storage device in a circuit via at least one expansion device and/or a pressure loss-generating component, wherein at least one heat sink and/or material sink/consumer is supplied and/or electricity is generated via the steam/liquid storage device and/or the compressor/the compressor stage and/or the high-temperature storage device.

The process implemented with the plant also enables an effective and flexible energy and/or material supply to the consumer(s).

The steam/liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank can be loaded or unloaded simultaneously or at different times.

Furthermore, it is possible to realize a multi-stage compression of one or more working materials and/or a multi-stage expansion of one or more high-temperature storage units.

The multi-stage expansion can be carried out, for example, with several expansion devices and/or with several pressure loss-generating components and/or by means of a decentralized expansion in the high-temperature storage tank with distributed throttling points.

The steam/liquid storage tank is charged in particular via at least one heat pump and/or via waste heat and/or process heat and/or renewable heat such as solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, environmental heat.

It is also possible to load the steam/liquid storage tank using a conventional supply, e.g. via the flow and/or return of a conventional heating circuit. A material flow can also be fed directly into the steam/liquid storage tank via the flow B1V without a return line B1R. If no heat and/or material source is available, the material can also be supplied via the return R.

The system and the process make it possible to achieve high performance and performance figures (ratio of heat provision to electrical expenditure for the compression of the working material). The charging and discharging performance of the storage units can be well coordinated. Furthermore, the system and the process for energy and/or material supply with temperature increase make it possible to achieve high temperatures during discharging in comparison to steam storage and hybrid storage (state of the art).

It is possible to increase the energy storage density as well as increase the flexibility in heat and electricity supply.

Advantageously, good system operation with heat pump and storage and the use of ecological working materials (refrigerants) can be realized.

• der Brüdenverdichtung (mechanisch oder thermisch) eines Arbeitsstoffes,
• zur Beladung bzw. Nutzung eines Hochtemperatur-Speichers,
• unter Verwendung Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher als Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle,
• der Entspannung des Arbeitsstoffes mit Rückführung in den Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher.

According to the invention, the system and the method are based on the following approaches:

• the vapor compression (mechanical or thermal) of a working substance,
• for loading or using a high-temperature storage facility,
• using steam/liquid storage as heat source and/or material source,
• the expansion of the working medium with return to the vapor/liquid storage tank.

Operation with flexible temperatures and pressures is possible. By selecting the working material and the storage material, favorable adjustments can be made, which are important for high-temperature generation and storage. It must be noted that the temperatures on the heat source side and on the heat sink side can fluctuate.

The high-temperature storage device used is preferably and typically designed as a container. A special design can be, for example, a tube bundle device. Encapsulated storage materials or capsule-free storage materials can also be introduced into the container.

In the high-temperature storage system, heat is transferred from the working material to the storage material with or without a wall for material separation.

If a wall is formed (heat exchanger), the heat transfer can be improved by fins (on the working fluid side and/or on the storage fluid side). However, the use of additives in the storage medium (e.g. stabilization of the storage fluid, prevention of decomposition and supercooling as well as corrosion, increase of the effective thermal conductivity) is also possible.

Optionally, pipes and channels that carry the working fluid(s) through the storage tank can be equipped with decentralized throttling points for multi-stage expansion.

All organic and inorganic solids and/or liquids as well as their composite material systems can be used as storage materials.

As storage substances (e.g. salts, salt hydrates, alkanes, alkenes, paraffins, alcohols, sugar alcohols, polyolefins, fatty acids, esters, nitrates, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, fluorides, amides, ethers, glycols, metals, alloys and mixtures and/or suspensions), substances are preferably intended which undergo changes in state and high changes in the specific enthalpy due to the solid-liquid phase change.

However, other changes in the atomic or molecular structure can also be used. At very high temperatures, solids (e.g. bulk materials, shaped elements) can also be used as storage materials.

The storage materials can also be combined - in particular several phase change materials (PCM). The storage materials are located in the cavity of the tube bundle apparatus or in capsules.

The loading is carried out by the compacted working material.

Optionally, the use of an additional electric heater for one or more storage units (e.g. additional storage loading or overheating of the working medium, particularly before and after the compressor) is possible (not shown in the drawings). The discharge takes place via the heat supply to the consumer.

The vapor/liquid storage system stores the working material when the two phases, liquid and vapor, are in equilibrium or almost in equilibrium. During loading and unloading, the temperature, pressure, total mass and fill level of the liquid phase change. This means that the storage function corresponds to a mass storage system and a thermal energy storage system.

The position of the vessel can be upright, horizontal or inclined. The vapor/liquid storage can be a single storage unit or consist of several storage units.

The storage capacity can be expanded with one or more liquid storage tanks (e.g. hot/warm water storage tanks).

All condensable gases/vapours and/or inorganic or organic liquids can be used as working materials. Water, alkanes (e.g. propane, butane), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol), ammonia and conventional synthetic refrigerants as well as their mixtures and suspensions appear particularly suitable.

The steam/liquid storage and the high-temperature storage can be loaded simultaneously or at different times. The same applies to unloading.

A reference variant according to the invention essentially consists of a single-stage compaction and the use of a working material.

• mehrstufige Verdichtung, ein Arbeitsstoff,
• mehrstufige Verdichtung, mehrere Arbeitsstoffe,
  • ∘ mit mindestens einem internem Wärmeübertrager,
  • ∘ mit mindestens einem externem Wärmeübertrager,
• Erweiterung des Dampf-Flüssigkeitsspeichers mit mindestens einem Flüssigkeitsspeicher,
• mit einer mindestens einer Umgehung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers und mit mindestens einer Vorwärmung/Überhitzung,
• mehrstufige Entspannung durch mehrere Hochtemperatur-Speicher mit gesteuerten Entspannungsorganen und/oder dezentrale Entspannung im Speicher mit verteilten Drosselstellen.

Further advantages include extensions to the system, for example, through the interconnections and combinations listed below:

• multi-stage compaction, a working material,
• multi-stage compaction, multiple working materials,
  • ∘ with at least one internal heat exchanger,
  • ∘ with at least one external heat exchanger,
• Extension of the vapor-liquid storage with at least one liquid storage,
• with at least one bypass of the high-temperature storage and with at least one preheating/superheating,
• Multi-stage expansion through several high-temperature storage tanks with controlled expansion devices and/or decentralized expansion in the storage tank with distributed throttling points.

Figur 1

Variante der Anlage in Form eines Wärmepumpen-Speicher-Systems in vereinfachter Darstellung, mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem beliebigen Wärmequellen/ Stoffquellen-System,

Figur 2

weitere Variante eines Wärmepumpen-Speicher-Systems, in vereinfachter Darstellung ähnlich wie Figur 1, jedoch mit einem Wärmequellen/Stoffquellen-System in Form einer vorgeschalteten Wärmepumpe und mit einem Wärmesenken-System und/oder einem Stoffsenken-System (Verbraucher),

Figur 3

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung ähnlich wie Figur 1 und 2 mit einer mehrstufigen (hier dreistufigen) Verdichtung, und einer mehrstufigen (hier dreistufigen) Entspannung,

Figur 4

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung mit einer zwei-/ mehrstufigen Verdichtung, mit zwei Arbeitsstoffen, einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einem internen Wärmeübertrager, mit einer zwei-/mehrstufigen Entspannung, mit zwei Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeichern und mit einem Wärmequellen-System,

Figur 5

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, ähnlich wie Figur 4, jedoch mit einem externen Wärmeübertrager,

Figur 6

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, mit einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem Wärmequellen/Stoffquellen-System und mit einem Flüssigkeitsspeicher und mit Pumpen zur Be- und Entladung (Druckerhöhung), ggf. Nutzung der hydrostatischen Höhe (Anordnung unter dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher)

Figur 7

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, mit einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem sowie mit einem Wärmeübertrager zur Vorwärmung des angesaugten Gases/Dampfes und einer Umgehung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers zur Betriebsoptimierung,

Figur 8

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung einer vier-/mehrstufigen Ausführung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers, mit einer vier-/mehrstufigen geregelten Entspannung,

Figur 9

Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung einer einstufigen Ausführung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers, mit dezentraler Entspannung mit verteilten Drosselstellen im Hochtemperatur-Speicher.

The invention is explained in more detail below using embodiments and associated drawings. They show:

Figure 1

Variant of the system in the form of a heat pump storage system in simplified representation, with a single-stage compression, with a working material, a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a steam/liquid storage, with any heat source/material source system,

Figure 2

Another variant of a heat pump storage system, in simplified representation similar to Figure 1 , but with a heat source/material source system in the form of an upstream heat pump and with a heat sink system and/or a material sink system (consumer),

Figure 3

Heat pump storage system in simplified representation similar to Figure 1 and 2 with a multi-stage (here three-stage) compression, and a multi-stage (here three-stage) relaxation,

Figure 4

Heat pump storage system in simplified representation with a two-/multi-stage compression, with two working materials, a high-temperature storage, with an internal heat exchanger, with a two-/multi-stage expansion, with two steam/liquid storage and with a heat source system,

Figure 5

Heat pump storage system, similar to Figure 4 , but with an external heat exchanger,

Figure 6

Heat pump storage system in simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a working medium, with a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a steam/liquid storage, with a heat source/material source system and with a liquid storage and with pumps for loading and unloading (pressure increase), if necessary use of the hydrostatic head (arrangement under the steam/liquid storage)

Figure 7

Heat pump storage system, simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a working medium, with a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a steam/liquid storage, with a and with a heat exchanger for preheating the sucked in gas/steam and a bypass of the high-temperature storage for operation optimization,

Figure 8

Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a four-/multi-stage design of the high-temperature storage, with a four-/multi-stage controlled expansion,

Figure 9

Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a single-stage design of the high-temperature storage, with decentralized expansion with distributed throttling points in the high-temperature storage.

• einer ersten Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle 1.1,
• einem ersten Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher 2.1,
• einem ersten Verdichter 3.1,
• einem ersten Hochtemperaturspeicher 4.1,
• einer Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) 6, dargestellt.

In the Figures 1 and 2 is a simplified representation of a basic variant of a system for supplying energy and/or materials to a consumer with

• a first heat source and/or material source 1.1,
• a first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1,
• a first compressor 3.1,
• a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1,
• a heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) 6, shown.

A storage system with two different storage units is used, namely with at least one steam/liquid storage unit and with at least one high-temperature storage unit.

The first steam/liquid storage unit 2.1 is loaded here, for example, using any first heat source and/or material source 1.1. The first loading B1 of the steam/liquid storage unit 2.1 is carried out via a flow line B1V from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 to the first steam/liquid storage unit 2.1. From this, a return line B1R of the first loading B1 leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1. A first pump P1 for conveying the working material is integrated into the return line B1R. The first steam/liquid storage unit 2.1 can also be loaded via just a flow line B1V. It is also possible that different mass flows occur in the flow line B1V and the return line B1R (not shown in Figure 1 ). The time-shifted equalization of the mass of the working substance then takes place via the flow line V to the heat and/or material sink (consumer) 6. If no first heat source and/or material source 1.1 is available, the return line R can also serve as a material source for the return of the first working substance A1.

If, for example, water is used, an open process is conceivable. Hot water and/or steam enters the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 via the flow line B1V. If there is no first heat source and/or material source 1.1, cold condensate (liquid water, first working material A1) can also be fed to the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1. In both cases, the hot working material A1 is fed to the heat and/or material sink (consumer) 6 with a time delay.

A closed process is also possible and necessary if one of the working materials is not allowed to enter a heat and/or material source system and/or a heat and/or material sink system directly.

In the lower area 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage unit 2.1 there is a liquid phase of a first working substance A1 and in the upper area 2.1b there is a vaporous and/or gaseous phase of the first working substance A1.

The filling level of the liquid phase in the lower area 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage tank 2.1 is variable.

Furthermore, a second loading B2 leads from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage 2.1 via a second flow B2V and via the first compressor 3.1 to the first high-temperature storage 4.1 with at least one storage material 12 and from there via a first expansion device 5.1 for the working material as return B2R into the steam/liquid storage 2, in particular in liquid form in the lower area 2.1a.

Thus, the first compressor 3.1 is arranged between an inlet of the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, so that a vapor compression with temperature increase of the gaseous/vaporous working medium output from the first vapor/liquid storage tank 2.1 is realized, whereby the working medium for loading the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 has a higher temperature than when exiting the first vapor/liquid storage tank 2.1.

Between an outlet of the first vapor/liquid storage tank 2.1, which is arranged at the upper area 2.1b, a first discharge E1 can lead via a flow line E1V directly to the consumer 6.

Alternatively, a flow line V leads from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 directly to the consumer 6.

In addition, a second discharge as flow E2V and a third discharge as flow E3V lead to the consumer 6 from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, whereby the flow E3V of the third discharge from the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 is pumped into the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 via a second pump P2.

The consumer or several consumers 6 can be supplied via one, several or all supply lines V, E1V, E2V, E3V.

From the consumer 6, return flows R, E1R and E3R of the discharges 1 and 3 can lead via a third pump P3 to the steam/liquid storage tank 2.1.

Furthermore, a return flow E2R of the discharge E2 from the consumer 6 can also lead via a fourth pump P4 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

In contrast to Figure 1 , in which the arbitrary first heat source and/or material source 1.1 is shown schematically, is according to Figure 2 the first vapor/liquid storage device 2.1 is charged by means of a first heat source and/or material source 1.1, which is designed in the manner of a heat pump, consisting of evaporator 1.a, heat pump compressor 1.b, condenser 1.c or gas cooler and heat pump expansion device 1.d.

All flow and return lines can be switched via unmarked valves.

According to the Figures 1 and 2 By means of appropriate valve switching, at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) 6 for supplying energy and/or material can be coupled to the first steam/liquid storage device 2.1 and/or the first compressor 3.1 and/or the first high-temperature storage device 4.1.

This creates an extremely flexible heat pump/storage system with temperature increase.

Figure 3 shows a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a multi-stage compression, which is implemented here in three stages, with a working medium, three steam/liquid storage tanks 2.1 to 2.3, with a three-/multi-stage expansion, with a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and with a first heat source/material source system 1.1.

A first loading B1 of the first steam/liquid storage device 2.1 takes place from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1, preferably in its lower region 2.1a, in which liquid working medium is stored, by means of a flow line B1V. Also preferably from the lower region 2.1a of the first steam/liquid storage device 2.1, a return line B1R of the first loading B1 leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 via a first pump P1.

From the first upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1, vaporous working material is conducted via a first compressor 3.1 to the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 in its lower area 2.2a. From the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2, vaporous working material is conducted from its upper area 2.2b via a second compressor 3.2 into the lower area 2.3a of a third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3 and from the upper area 2.3b of the third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3 via a third compressor 3.3 as a second load B2 in a flow line B2V to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, which also contains a storage material 12.

The return B2R of the second load B2 of the working medium from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 to the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 takes place via the third and second steam/liquid storage tanks 2.2, 2.3, whereby a first expansion device 5.1 is arranged between the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and the third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3, a second expansion device 5.2 is arranged between the third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3 and the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2, and a third expansion device 5.3 is arranged between the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 and the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1.

By using three vapor/liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 connected in series with three downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, a three-stage vapor compression is carried out, in which the temperature is higher after each compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 in the direction of the flow line B2V.

The return flow B2R of the second loading always leads from the expansion devices 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 into the steam/liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.

Preferably, the return flow B2R of the second load from the expansion elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 leads in at least partially liquid form and/or in gaseous state in particular into the lower regions 2.3a, 2.2a, 2.1a with the liquid phases of the working substance.

• nach mindestes einem oder jedem der drei Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
  und/oder
• nach mindestens einem oder jedem der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
  und/oder
• von einem Ausgang des ersten Hochtemperaturspeichers

über entsprechende Leitungen sowie nicht dargestellte Ventile und deren Schaltungen zum Verbraucher eine entsprechende Verbindung für die Versorgung des/der Verbraucher vorgesehen sein, je nachdem mit welchem Temperaturniveau der/die Verbraucher versorgt werden soll/sollen.A consumer 6 not shown here can be supplied via corresponding lines, which are also not shown here. For example,

• after at least one or each of the three steam/liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
  and/or
• after at least one or each of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
  and/or
• from an output of the first high-temperature storage tank

A corresponding connection for supplying the consumer(s) must be provided via appropriate lines as well as valves (not shown) and their circuits to the consumer, depending on the temperature level at which the consumer(s) is/are to be supplied.

The Figures 4 and 5 show further exemplary variants of the system according to the invention for supplying energy and/or materials to a consumer in the form of a heat pump storage system with temperature increase in a simplified representation. Here, too, a multi-stage compression takes place, which here is designed in two stages, for example, with a first and second heat exchanger 2.1, 2.2 and the first and second compressors 3.1 and 3.2 connected downstream of these and with two working materials A1, A2.

The first loading B1 of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 is carried out as in Figure 3 from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow line B1V into the lower area 2a of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower area 2a), a return line B1R of the first load B1 leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 via a first pump P1.

Furthermore, a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is available.

A first working substance A1 is located in the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and a working substance A2 is located in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2.

The variants of the Figures 4 and 5 differ by an internal heat exchanger 7 ( Figure 4 ) and an external heat exchanger 8 ( Figure 5 ).

At Figure 4 an internal heat exchanger 7 is provided in the second steam/liquid storage unit 2.2. From the steam phase of the first working substance A1 in the upper region 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage unit 2.1, the first working substance A1 is compressed via the first compressor and thereby its temperature is increased and flows through the internal heat exchanger 7 located in the lower region 2.2a and via a second expansion device 5.2 (in which the first working substance A1 is at least partially liquefied) back into the first steam/liquid storage unit 2.1 in its lower region 2.1a with the liquid phase.

As a result, the second working medium A2 in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 is heated by means of the internal heat exchanger 7.

At Figure 5 An external heat exchanger 8 is arranged between the first compressor 3.1 and the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2.

The first working substance A1, the vaporous phase from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1, flows via the external heat exchanger 8 and via a second expansion device back into the first area 2.1a (liquid phase) of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1. From the lower area 2.2a of the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2, liquid first working substance A1 is also conducted via the external heat exchanger 8 via a fifth pump P5 and then back into the lower area 2.2a of the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2. The second working substance A2 in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 is thus heated via external heat exchangers 8 using the first working substance A1.

In both variants according to the Figures 4 and 5 The vaporous phase of the second working substance A2 from the upper area 2.2b of the second vapor/liquid storage tank 2.2 is compressed by a second compressor 3.2 and thereby further heated and leads via the flow line B2V of the second load B2 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1. The return line B2R of the second load B2 leads from the first High-temperature storage device 4.1 via a first expansion device 5.1 in at least partially liquid form and/or gaseous state into the lower region 2.2a of the second steam/liquid storage device 2.2.

The at least one consumer (not shown) can be supplied by branches (not shown) after the first and/or second steam/liquid storage 2.1, 2.2 and/or after the first and/or second compressor 3.1, 3.2 and/or from the first high-temperature storage 4.1. The connection is then made via corresponding valves (not shown).

The Figure 6 shows a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a first working medium A1, with a first high-temperature storage 4.1, with a first expansion device 5.1, with a first steam/liquid storage 2.1, with a first heat source and/or material source 1.1 and with a liquid storage 9 as well as with a pump P6 for discharging the first steam/liquid storage 2.1 from the liquid storage 9, and a pump P7 for loading the first steam/liquid storage 2.1.

As in the previous examples, the liquid phase of the working substance A1 is located in the lower area 2.1a of the vapor/liquid storage device 2 and the gaseous phase is located in the upper area 2.1b.

The first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 is loaded and unloaded with the first working medium A1 from the lower area 2.1a via the pumps P6, P7. By transferring the load in at least one circuit U, it is possible, among other things, to increase the pressure of the working medium A1. It is also possible to arrange the liquid storage tank 9 below the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and to circulate the working medium A2 between the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and the liquid storage tank 9 using the pumps P6 and P7, if necessary using the hydrostatic head. Vaporous working medium A1 is compressed from the upper area 2.1a of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 and fed to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 as a second load B2 via the feed line B2V.

From the first high-temperature storage unit 4.1, the first working substance A1 is at least partially liquefied via the first expansion device 5.1 and fed into the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage unit 2.1.

As with the Figures 4 and 5 the first loading B1 of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 takes place from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow line B1V into the lower area 2.1a of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower area 2.1a), the return line B1R of the first loading B1 leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 via the first pump P1.

The various switching states are implemented via valves that are not designated. In addition, appropriate lines for supplying energy and/or materials to the consumer(s) not shown here can lead to the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and/or to the first compressor 3.1 and/or from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

Figure 7 shows a variant of the system with single-stage compression, with a first vapor/liquid storage device 2.1, a first working medium A1, with a first high-temperature storage device 4.1, with a first expansion device 5.1, with a first heat source and/or material source 1.1 and with a third heat exchanger 10 for preheating the sucked-in vaporous first working medium A1 and at least partially bypassing the first high-temperature storage device 4.1 for operation optimization.

Here too, the first loading B1 of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 takes place from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow line B1V into the lower area 2.1a of the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower area 2.1a), the return line B1R of the first loading B1 leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 via the first pump P1.

The vapor/gaseous phase of the first working substance A1 is sucked in from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 and is then passed through the third heat exchanger 10, which is arranged between the first steam/liquid storage 2.1. To preheat the first working substance A1 output from the first steam/liquid storage 2.1, either the first working substance A1 exiting from the first compressor 3.1 and/or the first high-temperature storage 4.1, which has a higher temperature than the working substance A2 exiting from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam/liquid storage 2.1, can be used. normal operation, are passed through the third heat exchanger 10 and thereby increase the temperature of the first working medium A1 upstream of the first compressor 3.1.

For this purpose, the return flow B2R of the working medium A1 of the second load B2 emerging from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is returned via the third heat exchanger 10 and the first expansion device 5.1 to the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 in the lower area 2.1a (liquid phase).

The consumer(s) not shown here can also be supplied with heat via lines not shown to the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and/or the first compressor 3.1 and/or from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, for which corresponding valves are provided (not shown).

Furthermore, it is possible to use additional compressors and/or one or more compressor stages instead of or in addition to the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 used in the aforementioned embodiments.

Also not shown is the possibility of integrating an additional electric heater after the compressor(s) or one, several or all compressors and/or compressor stages in order to further increase the temperature of the working medium if required.

Figure 8 shows the possible arrangement of several high-temperature storage tanks of a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation.

A four-stage design of high-temperature storage tanks, each containing a storage material 12, with a controlled multi-stage - in this case four-stage - expansion is provided.

A first controlled expansion device/motor valve 11.1 is provided after a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, a second controlled expansion device/motor valve 11.2 is provided between the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and a second high-temperature storage tank 4.2, a third controlled expansion device/motor valve 11.3 is provided between the second and third high-temperature storage tanks 4.2 and 4.3, and a fourth controlled expansion device/motor valve 11.4 is provided between the third and fourth high-temperature storage tanks 4.3 and 4.4. The working substance A1 passes from a shown at least one compressor or at least one compressor stage via the flow of the second load B2V and a fifth expansion device/motor valve 11.5 into the fourth high-temperature storage tank 4.4 and from there via the other aforementioned motor valves and the third 4.3 and second high-temperature storage tank 4.2 into the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and from there via the first expansion device 5.1 back into the first vapor/liquid storage tank 2.1 (not shown here).

From the fourth high-temperature storage tank at the top, a flow line E2V leads to the discharge of the high-temperature storage tank(s) 4.1 to 4.4 to consumer 6.

From consumer 6, a return line E2R of the discharge leads via a fourth pump P4 into the high-temperature storage tanks 4.1 to 4.4 and the motor valves 11.1 to 11.5 and exits again as the flow line E2V of the discharge.

Both Figures 1 to 8 The relaxation of the working substance occurs via a relaxation organ.

However, it is alternatively or additionally possible to realize a relaxation of the working medium already in the high-temperature storage unit or units.

Figure 9 shows a simplified representation of a first high-temperature storage device 4.1, with decentralized expansion of an example first working substance A1. For this purpose, channels 13 lead through a storage material 12 of the high-temperature storage device 4.1, through which the working substance A1 flows and in which throttle points 14 are arranged. Between the channels 13 and the storage material 12 there is a wall 15 for material separation and heat transfer from the working substance A1 to the storage material 12.

Through the throttling points 14, a multiple and/or partial expansion of the working fluid A1 is already realized in the high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

• in Form von Wasser bevorzugt 30 °C bis 370 °C und 0,0042 MPa bis 21 MPa,
• in Form von Ammoniak bevorzugt -30 °C bis 130 °C und 0,0716 MPa bis 10,89 MPa,
• in Form von Aceton bevorzugt 55 °C bis 230 °C und 0,098 MPa bis 4,36 MPa,
• in Form von Methanol bevorzugt 60 °C bis 240 °C und 0,0847 MPa bis 8,18 MPa,
• in Form von Ethanol bevorzugt 50 °C bis 240 °C und 0,0294 MPa bis 6,095 MPa,
• in Form von R1234ze(Z) (synthetisches Kältemittel) bevorzugt 20 °C bis 100 °C und 0,4234 MPa bis 3,03 MPa,
• in Form von Propan bevorzugt 20 °C bis 90 °C und 0,836 MPa bis 3,76 MPa,
• in Form von Butan bevorzugt 20 °C bis 150 °C und 0,208 MPa bis 3,67 MPa.

In the variants described above with only one first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 (see Figures 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ) are the temperature and pressure of the working medium in the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1.

• in the form of water preferably 30 °C to 370 °C and 0.0042 MPa to 21 MPa,
• in the form of ammonia preferably -30 °C to 130 °C and 0.0716 MPa to 10.89 MPa,
• in the form of acetone preferably 55 °C to 230 °C and 0.098 MPa to 4.36 MPa,
• in the form of methanol preferably 60 °C to 240 °C and 0.0847 MPa to 8.18 MPa,
• in the form of ethanol preferably 50 °C to 240 °C and 0.0294 MPa to 6.095 MPa,
• in the form of R1234ze(Z) (synthetic refrigerant) preferably 20 °C to 100 °C and 0.4234 MPa to 3.03 MPa,
• in the form of propane preferably 20 °C to 90 °C and 0.836 MPa to 3.76 MPa,
• in the form of butane preferably 20 °C to 150 °C and 0.208 MPa to 3.67 MPa.

The list of selected working materials shows a relatively large operating range in terms of temperature and pressure. If mixtures/suspensions of the working materials mentioned above are used (two- or multi-component systems), the pressure and temperature ranges change depending on the material proportions. For example, for a 50%/50% water-ethanol mixture, the pressures are in the range of 0.0031 MPa to 0.0049 MPa for 20 °C and in the range of 17.8 MPa to 18.2 MPa for 330 °C.

The final compression temperature after the first compressor 3.1 depends heavily on the working fluid, the condition of the working fluid entering the compressor and the type of compression and its quality (positive displacement or flow machine, number of compression stages, operating mode, etc.). Therefore, final compression temperatures of up to 800 °C and/or final compression pressures of up to 21 MPa and higher can occur.

The following describes examples of possible pressure/temperature conditions for a working medium such as water/water vapor.

In the first steam/liquid storage 2.1, the temperature is, for example, 100 °C to 150 °C at a pressure of 0.101 MPa to 0.476 MPa

After the first compressor 3.1, the temperature of the working medium in the form of e.g. water/water vapor, which according to. Figure 1 and 2 is fed into the high-temperature storage tank 4.1, higher than the temperature in the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and can be a maximum of 700 °C. The pressure of the working medium water/steam is higher than in the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and is a maximum of 2.55 MPa.

For the sake of simplicity, specific temperatures and pressures are given for the following variants, although these may vary.

Are produced according to a variant not shown in accordance with Figure 3 If two steam/liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2 are used, the working medium, for example water/steam, is pumped from the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 (temperature 100 °C, pressure 0.101 MPa) into the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 via the vapor compression using the first compressor 3.1. The temperature in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 is then higher than in the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 and is up to 150 °C. The pressure of the working medium is 0.472 MPa.

Due to the further compression after the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 by means of the compressor 3.2, the temperature of the working medium that is fed to the high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is higher than the temperature in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 and is up to 500 °C. The pressure when fed into the high-temperature storage tank is preferably 1.55 MPa.

Are according to Figure 3 If three steam/liquid accumulators 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, each with downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, are arranged in series one behind the other, the pressure and temperature of the first two steam/liquid accumulators 2.1, 2.2 are in the aforementioned ranges with two steam/liquid accumulators 2.1 and 2.2 and two compressors 3.1, 3.2.

The temperature of the working medium in the third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3 is then also higher than in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 and is up to 200 °C and the pressure in the third steam/liquid storage tank 2.3 is higher than in the second steam/liquid storage tank 2.2 and is up to 1.55 MPa.

The third compressor 3.3 after the third vapor-liquid storage tank 2.3 further increases the temperature and pressure of the working medium, whereby the temperature of the working medium during the second loading B2 of the high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is up to 600 °C and the pressure is up to 3.98 MPa.

The variants described above can be used to provide very high temperatures to supply the consumer(s).

When using other working materials, the temperature/pressure ranges change.

These can be obtained/determined/calculated from relevant sources for the working materials used.

The variants shown in the figures can be combined and expanded with each other.

Instead of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 shown in the drawings, several compressors can be used or combined and/or one or more compressor stages can be used.

Between the high-temperature storage unit 4.1 and the consumer 6, for example, one or more flow machines (e.g. turbine(s)) and/or displacement machines (e.g. a reciprocating piston machine) can be arranged for reconversion into electricity.

Furthermore, one or more turbomachines (e.g. turbine(s)) and/or displacement machines (e.g. a reciprocating piston machine) and/or fuel cells can also be used as consumers 6.

In addition to supplying heat/energy to one or more consumers, the system and method according to the invention also make it possible to supply one or more consumers with substances, particularly those at high temperatures. This can be used, for example, in the chemical or process engineering industry and is preferably used when working materials are used in the form of ethanol and/or methanol and/or water or mixtures/combinations thereof.

A typical supply is steam. The working material can then be fed directly to the consumer. If a different working material is used, at least one heat exchanger is usually used to separate the materials.

Heat/energy supply usually takes place in closed circuits, i.e. the material or heat carrier remains in the circuit.

In the case of a material and energy supply, an open process control is also possible, i.e. materials are added to and removed from the processes shown on the source and/or sink side in order to realize chemical and/or process engineering processes.

• Abwärme aus industriellen und/oder kraftwerkstechnischen Prozessen,
• Umweltwärme,
• Abwasserströme,
• regenerative Wärmequellen,
• Wärme aus Heiznetzen bzw. Heizkreisläufen,
• Wärme aus Rückkühlanlagen,
• Abwärme aus Rechenzentren.

Heat sources can be, for example:

• Waste heat from industrial and/or power plant processes,
• environmental heat,
• wastewater streams,
• renewable heat sources,
• Heat from heating networks or heating circuits,
• Heat from cooling systems,
• waste heat from data centers.

These can also be used in combination.

• Wärmeversorgungssysteme für industrielle, verfahrenstechnische, chemische Prozesse,
• Raumheizung,
• Klimatisierung,
• Brauchwasserserwärmung,
• Kraftwerksprozesse,
• Trocknung,
• Kälteerzeugung.

Heat sinks can be, for example:

• Heat supply systems for industrial, process engineering, chemical processes,
• room heating,
• air conditioning,
• domestic water heating,
• power plant processes,
• drying,
• refrigeration.

Several heat sinks can also be supplied.

• Stoffe aus einer natürlichen oder künstlichen Quelle, z.B.
• Abwasserstrom,
• natürliches oder künstliches Gewässer,
• Abgasstrom aus einem Verbrennungsprozess oder chemischen Prozess,
• kontinuierlicher oder nichtkontinuierlicher Produktstrom aus einem Prozess, Diese können auch kombiniert genutzt werden.

Sources of materials can be, for example:

• Substances from a natural or artificial source, e.g.
• wastewater stream,
• natural or artificial body of water,
• Exhaust gas stream from a combustion process or chemical process,
• continuous or non-continuous product stream from a process. These can also be used in combination.

• industrielle, verfahrenstechnische, chemische Prozesse,
• Kraftwerksprozesse,
• Raumheizung,
• Klimatisierung,
• Brauchwasserserwärmung,
• Trocknung,
• Kälteerzeugung,
• kontinuierliche und/oder nichtkontinuierliche Produktionsprozesse, Es können auch mehrere Stoffsenken versorgt werden.

Material sinks can be, for example:

• industrial, process engineering, chemical processes,
• power plant processes,
• room heating,
• air conditioning,
• domestic water heating,
• drying,
• refrigeration,
• continuous and/or non-continuous production processes, Several material sinks can also be supplied.

The invention provides a system and a method which can be flexibly adapted to the existing heat sources and material sources and which enables one or more consumers to be supplied from one or more heat sinks or one or more material sinks by increasing the temperature after the steam/liquid storage device(s) and using a high-temperature storage device. The consumer(s) can also be supplied with different temperatures using the system and the method.

list of reference symbols

1.1

first heat source and/or material source

1.a

vaporizer

1.b

heat pump compressor

1.c

condenser

1.d

gas cooler and heat pump expansion device

2.1

first steam/liquid storage facility

2.1a

lower area of the first vapor/liquid storage tank

2.1b

upper area of the first vapor/liquid storage tank

2.2

second steam/liquid storage

2.2a

lower area of the second vapor/liquid storage tank

2.2b

upper area of the second vapor/liquid storage tank

2.3

third vapor/liquid storage tank

2.3a

lower area of the third vapor/liquid storage tank

2.3b

upper area of the third vapor/liquid storage tank

3.1

first compressor

3.2

second compressor

3.3

third compressor

4.1

first high-temperature storage facility

4.2

second high-temperature storage tank

4.3

third high-temperature storage facility

4.4

fourth high-temperature storage facility

5.1

first relaxation organ

5.2

second relaxation organ

5.3

third relaxation organ

6

heat sink and/or material sink (consumer)

7

internal heat exchanger

8

external heat exchanger

9

fluid storage

10

third heat exchanger

11.1

first regulated expansion device/engine valve

11.2

second regulated expansion device/motor valve

11.3

third regulated expansion device/engine valve

11.4

fourth regulated expansion device/engine valve

11.5

fifth regulated expansion device/engine valve

12

storage material

13

channels

14

throttle points

15

Wall

A1

first working material

A2

second working material

B1

first loading

B1R

return of the first load B1

B1V

Preliminary run of the first loading B1

B2

second loading

B2R

return of the second load B2

B2V

Preliminary run of the second load B2

E1

first discharge

E1R

return of discharge 1

E1V

advance of discharge 1

E2

second discharge

E2R

return of discharge 2

E2V

advance of discharge 2

E3

third discharge

E3R

return of discharge 3

E3V

advance of discharge 3

P1

first pump

P2

second pump

P3

third pump

P4

fourth pump

P5

fifth pump

P6

sixth pump

P7

seventh pump

R

return

U

circulation

V

lead time

Claims (10)

Installation for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer (6) by means of at least one working material (A1, A2) with - at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6), - at least one storage system, - at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or one compressor stage, - at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6),
where the storage system is a combination - at least one steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) which can be loaded by means of at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6) with - at least one high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4),
where - between the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or one compressor stage for compressing the working medium (A1, A2) is arranged
and - the at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6) for energy and/or material supply and/or at least partial reconversion to electricity is coupled to the working material (A1, A2) output from the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and/or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or the compressor stage and/or the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a multi-stage compression is integrated between the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and that this has a mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression by means of mechanical and/or thermal compressors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) upstream of the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4). Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in - that between the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) at least one expansion device and/or a pressure loss generating component (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) is arranged for the working medium (A1, A2) so that the relaxation of the working medium (A1, A2) with return to the steam/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) can be realized and/or - that elements for relaxing the working fluid (A1, A2) before it is returned to the vapour/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) are integrated into the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4). Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) contains the working substance (A1, A2) in equilibrium or almost/due to operational conditions in an equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vapor, and that when the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is loaded and unloaded, the temperature, pressure, mass and fill level of the liquid phase change and thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage device and a thermal energy storage device and/or that - the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) loaded by means of the compressed working material (A1, A2) is designed as a container and is a tube bundle apparatus with storage material (12) and/or encapsulated storage materials (12) or encapsulated storage materials (12) are introduced into the container, wherein the storage material(s) (12) consist in particular of phase change material and that heat transfer from the working material (A1, A2) to the storage material (12) can be realized with or without a wall (15) for material separation. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working material(s) (A1, A2) are all condensable gases/vapours and/or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or conventional synthetic refrigerants and/or additives or mixtures and/or suspensions thereof. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6) - is coupled to the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) to supply higher temperatures in the range of 40 °C to 800 °C
and/or - is coupled to the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) to supply lower temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 400 °C. Method for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer (6) using a system according to one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one working substance (A1, A2) in the form of steam/gas from the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is compressed by means of at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or at least one compressor stage by means of vapor compression, thereby increasing the temperature of the working substance (A1, A2) and loading (B1, B2) of at least one high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) takes place with the working substance (A1, A2) with its temperature increased, and the working substance (A1, A2) is fed back into the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) in a circuit, wherein via the steam/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and/or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with the working material (A1, A2) an energy and/or material supply to at least one heat sink and/or material sink/consumer (6) and/or a re-conversion to electricity takes place. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the working medium (A1, A2) is fed back into the vapor/liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) after at least one relaxation (reduction of pressure). Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in - that a loading (B1, B2) and/or a material supply via B1V and/or R or a discharge (E1, E2, E3) of the steam/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and/or a material removal via V takes place simultaneously or at different times and that a multi-stage compression of one or more working materials (A1, A2) takes place
and/or - that a multi-stage expansion of one or more high-temperature storage tanks (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with several expansion devices and/or with several pressure loss generating components (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) or a decentralized expansion in the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with distributed throttling points (14) takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - that several consumers (6) are simultaneously supplied with different temperatures and/or with different mass flows via the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and/or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4)
and - that a loading (B1, B2) of the steam/liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) takes place via at least one heat pump and/or via waste heat and/or renewable heat such as solar thermal energy, geothermal energy and/or environmental heat and/or via existing heating networks and/or process heat and/or at least one flow B1V and/or at least one return (R).

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