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EP4483146A1 - Détermination de conductivité compensée - Google Patents

Détermination de conductivité compensée

Info

Publication number
EP4483146A1
EP4483146A1 EP23704987.9A EP23704987A EP4483146A1 EP 4483146 A1 EP4483146 A1 EP 4483146A1 EP 23704987 A EP23704987 A EP 23704987A EP 4483146 A1 EP4483146 A1 EP 4483146A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring probe
electrode
signal
received signal
conductivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23704987.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armin Wernet
Kaj Uppenkamp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Publication of EP4483146A1 publication Critical patent/EP4483146A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/045—Circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G01N27/07—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/228—Circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the conductivity of a medium using a measuring probe which has at least one first electrode.
  • the medium is located in a container, which can be a container or a pipeline, for example.
  • the invention also relates to a device which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the electrical conductivity of a medium can be determined, for example, using a conductivity measuring cell, as described, for example, in EP0990894A2, or also using an inductive sensor.
  • field devices based on the capacitive and/or conductive measuring principle which are also frequently used to determine and/or monitor a filling level or limit level, are also suitable for determining the conductivity of a medium.
  • Such capacitive or conductive measuring devices typically have an essentially cylindrical measuring probe with at least one electrode, which is at least partially placed in a container.
  • rod-shaped measuring probes reaching vertically into the container are widespread, in particular for continuous level measurement.
  • measuring probes that can be introduced into the side wall of a respective container and, in particular, also those that essentially end flush with the container wall have become known.
  • the measuring probe in particular a transmitting electrode of the measuring probe, is subjected to an excitation signal, usually in the form of an alternating current signal.
  • the respective process variable can then be determined from the response signal received from the measuring probe.
  • the capacitive measuring principle the dependency of the response signal on the capacitance of a first electrode of the measuring probe and the wall of the container or a capacitor formed on a further electrode of the measuring probe is used to determine the respective process variable.
  • either the medium itself or an insulation of the measuring probe forms the dielectric of this capacitor.
  • an apparent current measurement or an admittance measurement is often carried out.
  • an apparent current measurement the magnitude of the apparent current flowing through the sensor unit is measured.
  • the apparent current has an active and a reactive component. Therefore, in the case of an admittance measurement, the phase angle between the apparent current and the voltage applied to the measuring probe is measured in addition to the apparent current. the extra Determining the phase angle also allows statements to be made about a possible formation of deposits, as has become known, for example, from DE102004008125A1.
  • the conductive measuring principle it is detected whether there is electrical contact between one of the electrodes and the wall of a conductive container or the second electrode via the conductive medium used in the application of the conductive measuring principle.
  • Field devices in the form of multi-sensors which can work both in a capacitive and in a conductive operating mode, have become known, for example, from the documents DE102011004807A1, DE102013102055A1 or DE102014107927A1.
  • Such multi-sensors are also suitable for determining various media-specific properties, such as electrical conductivity, or also dielectric properties of the medium, such as the dielectric constant, as described in DE102013104781A1, for example.
  • One of the problems in determining conductivity in process measurement technology is the insulation layers that can form in the area of the electrodes used. However, other deposits on the electrode surfaces can also cause similar problems.
  • a reduction in the measurement error resulting from layers of this type can be achieved, for example, by using alternating signals, increasing the frequency of the excitation signal and/or reducing a measurement current.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a possibility for determining and/or monitoring the electrical conductivity which is as simple and precise as possible.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved by a method for determining and/or monitoring the conductivity of a medium using a measuring probe which has at least one electrode, comprising the following method steps:
  • Applying an excitation signal to the measuring probe Receiving a received signal from the measuring probe, determining an ohmic component of the received signal, and determining the conductivity of the medium based on the ohmic component of the received signal.
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to all types of measuring probes that are suitable for the capacitive and/or conductive measuring method.
  • the measuring probe can have one or more electrodes with different functions, such as a transmitting electrode, a receiving electrode, a ground electrode and/or a guard electrode. Also, the same electrode can have different functions.
  • the at least one electrode serves as a transmission electrode and a container wall or an optional second electrode is used as a ground electrode.
  • the second electrode can at least temporarily also serve as a receiving electrode.
  • an influence on the received signal due to insulation and/or other layers or deposits on the at least one electrode can be eliminated or reduced.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to use a simple sensor, for example with a stainless steel electrode or the like, without loss of measurement accuracy due to deposits, in particular deposits with an insulating effect or insulating deposits, and/or polarization layers.
  • the area of application can be significantly increased, since there are no special requirements for the excitation signal, such as e.g. B. a high frequency must be provided.
  • the measuring probe is operated in a capacitive and/or in a conductive operating mode.
  • the measuring probe preferably has at least two electrodes.
  • further process variables of the medium can be determined in the two operating modes.
  • a multi-sensor can also be involved, which is suitable for both capacitive and conductive process variable determination. Both operating modes can be carried out alternately, simultaneously or at predefinable times.
  • a first partial signal can be selected for use with the capacitive measurement mode and a second partial signal for use with the conductive measurement mode.
  • a fill level or limit level of the medium in the respective container is also determined.
  • dielectric properties of the medium for example a dielectric constant, can also be determined.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention includes that the received signal is recorded as a function of time. By recording as a function of time, the evaluation of the received signal with regard to conductivity can be significantly improved.
  • the excitation signal can be a sinusoidal signal, a triangular signal, or a trapezoidal signal, for example.
  • a square-wave signal is used for the excitation signal.
  • the use of a square-wave signal as an excitation signal offers particular advantages in relation to the determination of the ohmic component of the received signal, as will be explained below.
  • a first point in time is determined at which the received signal has a step from a first value, in particular a maximum value or minimum value, to a second value, and the difference of the first and second value is determined.
  • the received signal as a function of time therefore has a jump or a step which is detected or ascertained. The level of the step can then be used for further signal evaluation.
  • the ohmic component of the received signal is determined based on the difference between the first and second value, ie based on the height of the step. This ohmic part of the received signal is free from effects due to insulation layers or other deposits on the respective electrode surface.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a device for determining and/or monitoring the conductivity of a medium with a measuring probe which has at least one electrode, which device is designed to carry out the method according to at least one of the described configurations.
  • the device can in particular be configured analogously to the device described in DE102014107927A1, in particular with regard to the electronics. It should be pointed out that the configurations described in connection with the method according to the invention can also be applied to the device according to the invention, mutatis mutandis.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 It shows:
  • FIG. 1 exemplary schematic representations for a measuring probe for use with the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 (a) a square-wave excitation signal and (b) a corresponding one
  • Received signal as a function of time.
  • the measuring probe 1a shows an exemplary configuration for a measuring probe 1 of a field device V, by means of which a process variable can be monitored in the capacitive or conductive measuring method.
  • the measuring probe 1 is arranged in a container 2 which is at least partially filled with a medium 3 . In this case, it projects into the container from the top thereof.
  • the measuring probe 1 can also be designed in other configurations in such a way that it closes with the wall of the container 3 .
  • the measuring probe 1 itself is composed of two electrodes, a first electrode 4 and a second electrode 5, which serves to avoid the formation of deposits.
  • the container wall also forms a ground electrode 6.
  • the measuring probe 1 is also connected to electronics 8, which are responsible for signal detection, evaluation and/or feeding. In particular, the electronic system 8 uses the received signals to determine the respective process variable.
  • FIG. 1b shows a sectional view of a measuring probe 1 with three electrodes 4,5,6.
  • the electrodes 4,5,6 are electrically separated from one another by insulation 7a, 7b and surround one another concentrically.
  • Such a configuration for a measuring probe 1 is particularly advantageous for a measuring probe 1 which is flush with the container wall.
  • the use of a measuring probe 1 with a single electrode 4 is also possible within the scope of the present invention.
  • the container wall can form a ground electrode.
  • 2 shows a block diagram of electronics 8, by means of which the measuring probe 1 can be operated both in the capacitive and in the conductive operating mode.
  • the present invention is in no way limited to such electronics 8, but that the embodiment shown merely represents a possible example of suitable electronics 8.
  • the electronics 8 from FIG. 2 correspond to the electronics described in DE102014107927A1.
  • the electronics 8 includes a microcontroller 9 and is divided into one
  • Two voltage dividers 11, 11a are used to generate a transmission signal in the form of a square-wave signal for the conductive operating mode, a low-impedance voltage divider (R1/R2) 11 for highly conductive media and a high-impedance (R3/R4) 11a for slightly conductive media.
  • These two voltage dividers 11, 11a are clocked via corresponding port outputs 12, 12a of the microcontroller 9.
  • a further port output of the microcontroller 12b is used in the example shown here to select a transmission signal for the capacitive operating mode, a triangular voltage which is transmitted via the Integrating Amplifier (Block A) 13 is generated.
  • the area for evaluating the received signals 10, which are dependent on the respective partial signals, includes blocks B to D, which all include three operational amplifiers.
  • the guard technique according to DE00102008043412A1 can also be used.
  • Block B 14 contains an amplifier that makes the reference signal, in this case the guard voltage, available to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 15 of the microcontroller 9 .
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • B 14 can also be used to shield at least one circuit board.
  • Block e 16 also includes an amplifier which is responsible for supplying the received signal to the ADC 15 .
  • a measuring resistor 17 is provided, with which the difference between the voltages at the transmitting electrode and the guard electrode can be determined.
  • block D 18 In order to evaluate the received signal obtained from the capacitive measurement, block D 18 is also required, which includes a differential amplifier in order to subtract and amplify the two received signals from the transmitting and guard electrodes from one another. This takes place via the measuring resistor 17. The difference between the two received signals is directly proportional to the capacitance at the measuring probe 1. With such electronics 8, a measurement resolution of a few femtofarads is possible. Also in the block diagram of FIG. 2 are four decoupling capacitors
  • a measuring probe 1 with an electrode 4 is supplied with an excitation signal A and the received signal E is evaluated by means of the area 10b for evaluating the received signals.
  • the block diagram also includes an equivalent circuit diagram for an impedance Zi of the electrode 4, shown here in simplified form as a resistance, and an impedance Z2 of any insulating layers and/or other deposits in the area of the electrode 4, which are caused by a parallel connection of a capacitance C and a resistance R is given.
  • the ohmic component of the received signal E is determined by means of the present invention in order to determine the conductivity of the medium 3 .
  • FIG. 4a shows the excitation signal A as a function of time t
  • FIG. 4b shows three different received signals E1-E3 as a function of time t.
  • the received signal Ei is also a square-wave signal and the level of the steps E01 at the predefinable times t s can be based on a maximum or minimum value and its ohmic component Eo and thus the conductivity of the medium 3 can be concluded.
  • a received signal E2 occurs which has rising and falling edges and jumps or steps at the predefinable times t s .
  • the height of these jumps or steps E02 from a maximum or minimum value to a second value at the predefinable times t s results from the difference ⁇ between the maximum or minimum value and the second value and is again a measure of the ohmic component Eo and thus for the conductivity of the medium 3.
  • the height of the jumps or steps in the received signal E or the difference ö, and thus Eo increases with increasing insulation layer or deposit, as illustrated by the received signal E3 and E03, which indicates the case of significant insulation layers and/or deposits in the area of the electrode 4 concern.
  • the slope of the flanks also increases as the insulation layer and/or deposit increases.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de détermination et/ou de surveillance de la conductivité d'un milieu (M) au moyen d'une sonde de mesure (1) comportant au moins une électrode (4), ce procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : appliquer un signal d'excitation (A) à la sonde de mesure (1), recevoir un signal de réception (E) en provenance de la sonde de mesure (1), déterminer 'une composante ohmique (Eo) du signal de réception (E) et déterminer la conductivité du milieu (3) sur la base de la composante ohmique (Eo) du signal de réception (E). La présente invention concerne également un dispositif conçu pour mettre en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention.
EP23704987.9A 2022-02-23 2023-02-13 Détermination de conductivité compensée Pending EP4483146A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022104312.6A DE102022104312A1 (de) 2022-02-23 2022-02-23 Kompensierte Leitfähigkeitsbestimmung
PCT/EP2023/053531 WO2023161064A1 (fr) 2022-02-23 2023-02-13 Détermination de conductivité compensée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4483146A1 true EP4483146A1 (fr) 2025-01-01

Family

ID=85226999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23704987.9A Pending EP4483146A1 (fr) 2022-02-23 2023-02-13 Détermination de conductivité compensée

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20250164426A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4483146A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN118696238A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022104312A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023161064A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025068168A1 (fr) * 2023-09-27 2025-04-03 Knick Elektronische Messgeräte GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de détermination de la conductivité d'un échantillon d'analyse, en particulier d'une solution électrolytique, dispositif de mesure et système de mesure
DE102023127823A1 (de) * 2023-10-11 2025-04-17 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines Messwerts einer Leitfähigkeit

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19844489A1 (de) 1998-09-29 2000-03-30 Conducta Endress & Hauser Verfahren zum Bestimmen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von Flüssigkeiten
DE102004008125A1 (de) 2004-02-18 2005-09-01 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kapazitiven Füllstandsbestimmung
EP1811274A1 (fr) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-25 Whirlpool Corporation Système de mesure du niveau d`eau
JP2009530082A (ja) * 2006-03-13 2009-08-27 ハイドラノーティックス 個々の逆浸透膜エレメントの浸透物流量および浸透物電導度を測定するデバイス
DE102008043412A1 (de) 2008-11-03 2010-05-06 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße eines Mediums
DE102011004807A1 (de) 2011-02-28 2012-08-30 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Sondeneinheit
DE102013102055A1 (de) 2013-03-01 2014-09-18 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines vorgegebenen Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter
DE102013104781A1 (de) 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zur Überwachung zumindest einer medienspezifischen Eigenschaft eines Mediums
DE102014107927A1 (de) 2014-06-05 2015-12-17 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Füllstandes eines Mediums in einem Behälter
GB2568478B (en) * 2017-11-15 2020-05-20 4T2 Sensors Ltd Apparatus for monitoring a fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2023161064A1 (fr) 2023-08-31
DE102022104312A1 (de) 2023-08-24
US20250164426A1 (en) 2025-05-22
CN118696238A (zh) 2024-09-24

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