EP4438184A1 - Kollektorzusammensetzung - Google Patents
Kollektorzusammensetzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4438184A1 EP4438184A1 EP23164423.8A EP23164423A EP4438184A1 EP 4438184 A1 EP4438184 A1 EP 4438184A1 EP 23164423 A EP23164423 A EP 23164423A EP 4438184 A1 EP4438184 A1 EP 4438184A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- formula
- collector composition
- branched
- linear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 ammonium cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 7
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000907663 Siproeta stelenes Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YIBBMDDEXKBIAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;pentoxymethanedithioate Chemical group [K+].CCCCCOC([S-])=S YIBBMDDEXKBIAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006755 (C2-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100328895 Caenorhabditis elegans rol-8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005529 alkyleneoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001254 electrum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenuron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052953 millerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052954 pentlandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRZFQKXEKAODTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;propan-2-yloxymethanedithioate Chemical group [Na+].CC(C)OC([S-])=S IRZFQKXEKAODTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- B03D1/011—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to collector compositions comprising at least one bis-dithiocarbamate compound as defined herein and the use of said collector compositions in mineral flotation methods.
- Froth flotation is a physico-chemical process used to separate mineral particles considered economically valuable from those considered waste. It is based on the ability of air bubbles to selectively attach to those particles that were previously rendered hydrophobic. The particle-bubble combinations then rise to the froth phase from where the flotation cell is discharged, whilst the hydrophilic particles remain in the flotation cell. Particle hydrophobicity is, in turn, induced by special chemicals called collectors. In direct flotation systems, it is the economically valuable minerals which are rendered hydrophobic by the action of the collector. Similarly, in reverse flotation systems, the collector renders hydrophobicity to those mineral particles considered waste.
- Frothers are well-known class of reagents used in mineral flotation. Commonly, the frother is added in a step after the pulp ore was conditioned with the collector. Frothers help optimize and control such important froth characteristics as volume (height) and stability.
- Recovery refers to the percentage of valuable product contained in the ore that is removed into the concentrate stream after flotation.
- Grade refers to the percentage of the economically valuable product in the concentrate after flotation. A higher value of recovery or grade indicates a more efficient flotation system.
- xanthates are good collectors for metallic sulphides (flotation agents known as "collectors” are generally used to facilitate the separation of a particular ore).
- Methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) is the most commonly used frother in flotation of sulfide minerals.
- frothers are also used.
- MIBC Methyl isobutyl carbinol
- CA771181 discloses dithiocarbamate derivatives of bis-hexamethylene triamine as potential alternatives to standard xanthate collectors in the recovery of copper from copper ore. The xanthates appeared to outperform the dithiocarbamate derivatives in terms of copper recovery.
- US4702821 and US4554068 disclose carboxyalkyl dithiocarbamate salts for suppressing Cu, Fe, and Pb in the flotation of Mo.
- US20080185317 discloses novel N-alkoxycarbonyl S-alkyl dithiocarbamates collector compounds useful in the flotation of a number of valuable metals.
- collector compounds have been found to not only improve recovery for a range of metals, but also improve sulfur recovery at the same time. As shown in the worked examples, these collector compounds outperform the standard xanthates in both aspects.
- the present disclosure relates to a collector composition
- a collector composition comprising at least one bis-dithiocarbamate compound of formula (I): wherein:
- R 1 is H or a cationic counterion, and more preferably R 1 is a cationic counterion.
- R 1 may be any suitable cationic counterion that is capable of forming a stable salt with the dithiocarbamate moiety.
- Preferred cationic counterions include, but are not limited to, alkali(ne) metal cations, such as Li + , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and ammonium cations, such as those of the formula NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently selected from H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl.
- R 2 is a C12-C20 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, most preferably a C12-C18 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl.
- These fatty compounds may originate from a renewable natural source, such as, but not limited to, coconut oil or tallow.
- y is an integer from 2-6, preferably from 2-4, and most preferably y is 3.
- the bis-dithiocarbamate compound of formula (I) is wherein:
- the collector composition may contain the at least one bis-dithiocarbamate compound of formula (I) in an amount of from 1-100% relative to the total weight of the collector composition, preferably in an amount of at least 5 wt.%.
- the collector composition may be in the form of an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic composition comprising from 5-50 wt.%, preferably from 10-45 wt.%, preferably from 15-40 wt.% of the bis-dithiocarbamate compound of formula (I).
- Certain impurities may also be present in the collector composition, such as the monoamine dithiocarbamate or the mono-substituted dithiocarbamate: [R 1 , R 2 and y are as defined above]
- the impurities originate from the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) and are typically present in a total amount of less than 15 wt.% relative to the amount of the at least one compound of formula (I). If desired, these impurities can be removed by standard purification techniques, however it has been found that their removal is not essential for achieving the beneficial effects provided by the at least one compound of formula (I) (i.e., the presence of the impurities is not detrimental to the performance of the compounds of formula (I)) .
- the collector compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more collector compounds. It should be understood, however, that the compounds of formula (I) may be successfully used in flotation methods without necessarily requiring an additional collector compound. For the avoidance of any doubt, it should be understood that the optional collector compound is different to the bis-dithiocarbamate compounds of formula (I).
- collector compositions disclosed herein comprise:
- the optional collector compound(s) (ii) is not particularly limited.
- flotation agents known as "collectors” are well-known to the skilled person and are generally used to facilitate the separation of a particular ore. Any such collector compounds are envisaged herein.
- Preferred collector compound(s) (ii) are the surfactants, such as cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or a mixture of two or more of these. Below some examples of surfactants are given, but these should only be considered as suitable for the invention and are not to be regarded as limiting.
- Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, those of the formula [C]: wherein R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms; A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4, preferably 2, carbon atoms; p is a number 0 or 1; q is a number
- R 2 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, preferably 1, or R 2 is the group wherein R 1 , A, p and q have the same meaning as above;
- Y - is selected from the group consisting of COO - and SO 3 - , preferably COO - ;
- n is a number 1 or 2, preferably 1;
- M is a cation, which may be monovalent or divalent, and inorganic or organic, and r is a number 1 or 2.
- the amphoteric surfactant of formula [C] may also be used in its acid form, where the nitrogen is protonated and no external cation is needed.
- amphoteric surfactants have the formula [D]: wherein R 2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms, D is - CH 2 - or - CH 2 CH 2 -, k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2, and M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium.
- R 2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms
- D is - CH 2 - or - CH 2 CH 2 -
- k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2
- M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium.
- the products where D is -CH 2 - are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and chloroacetic acid or its salts, and the products where D is -CH 2 CH 2 -are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and acrylic acid or esters thereof, in the latter case the reaction is followed by hydrolysis.
- Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty acids (such as those with an C8 to C22 acyl group), alkylphosphates, such as those of formula [E], alkylsulfosuccinates, such as those of formula [F], alkylsarcosinates, such as those of formula [G], alkylmaleates, such as those of formula [H], alkylamidocarboxylates, such as those of formula [I], alkylglycinates, such as those of formula [J], alkyltaurates, such as those of formula [K], alkylhydroxamates, such as those of formula [L], wherein for each of formulae [E]-[L]:
- Esters of the above alkylamidocarboxylates are also contemplated (preferably following the formula [I] of the alkylamidocarboxylates compounds, wherein Y is an alcohol derived hydrocarbon group, such as also described in US20160129456 ),
- anionic surfactants include sulphonated fatty acids, alkylbenzensulphonates, such as those of formula [M], and alkylsulfonates, such as those of formula [N], wherein in formulae [M] and [N]:
- Suitable nonionic surfactants include alcohols and alkoxylates (such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols RO(A) n H, alkoxylated fatty acids RC(O)O(A) n H), or alkyl glycosides (e.g., R(C 6 O 6 H 11 ) k ), or alkylethanolamides, such as those of the formulae [O] or [P], wherein R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms; A is an alkylene oxide unit; n is from 0 to 50; Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium; Z is -H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3; f is 1-25, preferably f is 1-15, and most preferable 1-10 and each f is independently 1 to 25; k is 1 or more, preferably about 1-5.
- alcohols and alkoxylates such as alkoxylated
- nonionic surfactants include alkyl nitrites, such as those of formulae [Q 1 ] and [Q 2 ], wherein, for each of formulae Q 1 and Q 2 , R is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, C10-C30 alkyl.
- R is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, C10-C30 alkyl.
- the compounds of formula [Q 2 ] may also be in dimeric form (such as when the R group is an unsaturated alkyl), one nonlimiting example of which is (7Z)-9,10-dinonyloctadec-7-enedinitrile ( CAS No. 68606-80-4 ).
- Suitable cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyamines), fatty diamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched), alkyl etheramines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alky etheramines), alkyl etherdiamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyl etherdiamines), alkyl esteramines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyl esteramines), quaternary ammonium surfactants, polyester polyamines (PEPA), and polyester polyquats (PEPQ).
- fatty amines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyamines
- fatty diamines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched
- alkyl etheramines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alky etheramines
- PEPA or PEPQ are related to polymeric components containing multiple amine or quaternary ammonium centres, respectively. Commonly, PEPA and PEPQ are obtained from reaction of an amine, dicarboxylic acid and hydrophobic precursor (for example, fatty acid or fatty alcohol).
- Preferred PEPA and PEPQ cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: wherein:
- PEPQ cationic surfactants include: wherein:
- the collector composition disclosed herein may comprise a mixture of two or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
- collector compound(s) (ii) include, but are not limited to, xanthates, such as those of formula [R], dithiophosphates, such as those of formulae [S 1 ] or [S 2 ], thionocarbamates, such as those of formula [T], dithiophosphinates, such as those of formulae [U 1 ] or [U 2 ],
- the weight ratio of the one or more collector compounds (ii) to component (i) (the at least one bis-dithiocarbamate compound of formula (I) as defined above) in the collector composition is preferably from about 15:85 to 99:1, preferably about 20:80 to 98:2, preferably about 25:75 to 95:5.
- the collector composition of the present disclosure comprises component (i) and optional component (ii) in a total amount of about 15 wt.% to about 100 wt.% (relative to the total weight of the collector composition), preferably in the above weight ratio (ii) to (i).
- the collector compositions described above may further comprise a solvent.
- Preferred solvents include, but are not limited to, water, alcohol(s), and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred alcohols are the C1-C20 mono or polyhydric alcohols, such as, but not limited to, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, C6-C18 mono- and polyhydric alcohols, and mixtures thereof. If a solvent is used, then the collector composition preferably comprises at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 60 wt.%, and most preferably at least 65 wt.% of the solvent (relative to the total weight of the collector composition).
- the present invention relates to a flotation method using the collector composition as described in detail above.
- the collector composition is particularly suitable for treating sulfidic ores, such as copper-containing ores (e.g., chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, malachite), zinc-containing ores (e.g., sphalerite), lead-containing ores (e.g., galena), nickel-containing ores (e.g.
- pentlandite, millerite gold-containing ores (calaverite and electrum or gold is associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, galena etc.), silver-containing ores (e.g., argentite or silver associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, galena etc.), and iron/sulfur containing ores (e.g., pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite).
- gold-containing ores calaverite and electrum or gold is associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, galena etc.
- silver-containing ores e.g., argentite or silver associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite, ar
- the collector composition disclosed herein is particularly suitable for:
- the collector composition disclosed herein may be used in following flotation circuits and operations: Rougher, Scavenger, Cleaner flotation using mechanical, penumatic, froth separational or column flotation machines. Additionally and/or alternatively, the collector composition disclosed herein may be added directly to the milling stage of the ore before the actual conditioning or flotation stage.
- the amount of collector composition added to the ore will in general be in the range of from about 5 to about 1000 g/ton dry ore, preferably in the range of from about 10 to about 500 g/ton dry ore, more preferably from about 15 to about 400 g/ton dry ore, more preferably from about 20 to about 200 g/ton dry ore. It should be understood that these values relate to the grams of actives content of the collector composition per ton of dry ore. For example, adding 100g of a 50% actives content collector composition (e.g., collector composition consisting of 50% actives and 50% solvent) to 1 ton of dry ore would result in a dosing of 50 g/ton collector composition.
- a 50% actives content collector composition e.g., collector composition consisting of 50% actives and 50% solvent
- reagents can be added either at the same time or, preferably, separately during the process and can include depressants, such as a polysaccharide, alkalized starch or dextrin, extender oils, frothers/froth regulators, such as pine oil, MIBC (methylisobutyl carbinol) and alcohols such as hexanol and alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates, inorganic dispersants, such as silicate of sodium (water glass), calcium oxide and soda ash, and pH-regulators.
- depressants such as a polysaccharide, alkalized starch or dextrin
- extender oils frothers/froth regulators
- frothers/froth regulators such as pine oil, MIBC (methylisobutyl carbinol) and alcohols such as hexanol and alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates
- inorganic dispersants such as silicate of sodium (water glass), calcium oxide and soda ash, and
- the process to treat ores according to the present disclosure preferably comprises the steps of:
- a 2 L round bottomed flask equipped with agitator, temperature controller/heating mantle, and condenser was charged with 435 g of water, 56 g of propylene glycol, and 183 g of 30 % NaOH.
- 180 g of N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane pre-melted in a laboratory oven was added from a beaker to the reactor through a neck using a glass funnel, followed by 50 g of propylene glycol and 40 g of water to ensure a quantitative transfer from the beaker to the reactor.
- 104 g of carbon disulfide was added to the reactor by slow-addition over 1.5 hr. at a temperature of 40 to 45 deg C using a reciprocating laboratory pump.
- the reactor solution was then held at 40 to 45 deg C for a final reaction/cook period.
- the reaction product was cooled, and the final pH was adjusted to a range of 12 to 13 using 50 % NaOH.
- the product was a clear, orange/red, low viscosity liquid with 30 % actives content.
- Example 1A The experiment described in Example 1A was repeated, but with propylene glycol replaced by isopropyl alcohol.
- the product was a clear, orange/red, low viscosity liquid with 30 % actives content.
- a 1 L round bottomed flask equipped with agitator, temperature controller/heating mantle, and condenser was charged with 247 g of water, 35 g of isopropyl alcohol, and 88 g of 30 % NaOH.
- 110 g of N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane (pre-melted in a laboratory oven) was added from a beaker to the reactor through a neck using a glass funnel, followed by 25 g of isopropyl alcohol and 30 g of water to ensure a quantitative transfer from the beaker to the reactor.
- 51 g of carbon disulfide was added to the reactor by slow-addition over 1.5 hr. at a temperature of 40 to 45 deg C using a reciprocating laboratory pump.
- the reactor solution was then held at 40 to 45 deg C for a final reaction/cook period.
- the reaction product was cooled, and the final pH was adjusted to a range of 12 to 13 using 50 % NaOH.
- the product was a clear, orange/red, low viscosity liquid with 30 % actives content.
- collector Compound Example 3A Example 3B
- Example 3C The following collector compounds were tested in the flotation of chalcopyrite/pyrite ore: Collector Compound Example 3A
- Example 3B Example 3C
- the following protocol was used in the flotation tests: 500 g of the ore was ground with 500 g of tap water in 6.4 kg stainless steel media during 4 min. This allowed to obtain the feed pulp with particle size distribution of p80 -150 ⁇ m. The pulp was transferred to the flotation cell of 1.4 L. The pulp was conditioned with 1% CaO solution at pH 10.5 during 2 min. The pulp was conditioned with 20 g/t of the collector (Example 1A) during 2 min. The pulp was conditioned with 20 g/t of 0.5% solution of MIBC frother during 10 sec before the actual flotation. Rougher flotation was performed during 5 min (the pH was controlled at 10.5 with CaO). The air flow was 3.5 L/min with 1000 rpm.
- Example 3A Example 3B
- Example 3C Performance Cu ore (Chalcopyrite / Pyrite) Cu grade, % 3.5 4.5 2.0 Cu recovery, % 92.4 92.4 80.9 S recovery, % 89.2 66.9 Not analyzed
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CA771182A (en) * | 1967-11-07 | B. Hudson George | Dithiocarbamate ore collector agents | |
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