EP4408205A1 - Filter element for mouthpieces for use in smoking products or hnb products - Google Patents
Filter element for mouthpieces for use in smoking products or hnb productsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4408205A1 EP4408205A1 EP22786028.5A EP22786028A EP4408205A1 EP 4408205 A1 EP4408205 A1 EP 4408205A1 EP 22786028 A EP22786028 A EP 22786028A EP 4408205 A1 EP4408205 A1 EP 4408205A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter element
- filter
- denier
- dtex
- element according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 2
- OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-acetyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FWIQGIQRNBVZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(=O)OCC FWIQGIQRNBVZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 20
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
- A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
- A24D3/022—Applying additives to filter materials with liquid additives, e.g. application of plasticisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
- A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
- A24D3/064—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers having non-circular cross-section
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products and the use of such a filter element in mouthpieces for smoking articles or in cigarette filters or in mouthpieces for HNB products.
- Tobacco products within the meaning of the present invention relate to classic tobacco products, in particular cigarettes, but also pipes and marijuana products and so-called heat-not-burn (HNB) products, vaping products and so-called hybrid products.
- HNB heat-not-burn
- mouthpieces for smoking products have different functions.
- mouthpieces can serve as a filter device in order, for example, to extract harmful components from a flow of tobacco smoke, such as condensed substances, in particular tar, and particulate matter entrained in the flow of smoke.
- This filter function is used in particular in classic tobacco applications.
- a corresponding mouthpiece can be designed as an integral part of a cigarette or a cigarillo and thus form a “tip” on the cigarette or on the cigarillo.
- mouthpieces are replaceable devices, such as replaceable filter elements, that can be removed after use.
- Such mouthpieces are accommodated in appropriate holders, for example in a cigarette holder or in a pipe mouthpiece.
- a mouthpiece formed as an integral part of a cigarette is the cigarette filter.
- the cigarette filter is intended to reduce the proportion of harmful substances such as condensate and gas in the cigarette smoke.
- the filter makes the smoke a little milder or more pleasant for a large proportion of smokers felt.
- the filter is wrapped in filter wrapping paper and is attached to the tobacco rod with what is known as tipping paper, with most industrially manufactured cigarettes being fitted with a filter.
- filter materials have been used, particularly to reduce the levels of constituents in tobacco smoke before they reach the smoker's respiratory system.
- a satisfactory filter must also be effective without undesirably impeding the passage of air or smoke through the filter, thereby requiring excessive draft.
- the filter material when using tobacco smoke filters, the filter material must not change the taste of the tobacco smoke by adding its own taste.
- the present invention relates not only to filter materials for the classic tobacco applications described above, but in particular to filter materials or filter elements for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles, these filter elements in particular having functions other than just a filter function.
- a filter function of the mouthpieces is by no means in the foreground.
- HNB products Heat-Not-Burn products
- a portion of processed tobacco is heated by a heat source during use, but not burned.
- Volatile substances evaporate in the process Tobacco components, such as flavorings, nicotine, glycerin and water, are entrained in the air drawn through the HNB product by the user As the released substances cool, an aerosol is formed which is inhaled by the user.
- HNB products usually comprise a device consisting of a power supply that supplies a heating element and a separate consumable consisting of a portion of processed tobacco, a support element, such as a tubular cellulose acetate segment, a downstream so-called cooling element, for example in the form of a ruffled polylactide film formed into a cylinder with many axial channels and a mouth-side filter.
- a support element such as a tubular cellulose acetate segment
- cooling element for example in the form of a ruffled polylactide film formed into a cylinder with many axial channels and a mouth-side filter.
- IQOS/HEETS product For example, in a so-called IQOS/HEETS product from Philip Morris, the tobacco portion is impaled on a heating blade in the device.
- An IQOS/HEETS product means an IQOS device marketed by Philip Morris and its associated consumable, HEETS.
- the HEETS consumable is a heat-not-burn product that simply heats tobacco instead of burning it.
- a competitor's product from BAT heats the tobacco from the outside, with the so-called cooling element being replaced by a tube.
- a portion of processed tobacco is heated by a heat source during use, but not burned.
- a heat source such as flavorings, nicotine, glycerin and water, and are entrained in the air drawn through the HNB product by the user.As the released substances cool, an aerosol is formed which is inhaled by the user.
- an aerosol former is first evaporated (propylene glycol, glycerine), and an aerosol is created by cooling. This aerosol is passed through a portion of processed tobacco and inhaled by the consumer. In such applications, too, the mouthpiece has the particular function of protecting the end on the user side from heating up, which is unpleasant for the user.
- HNB products In contrast to conventional tobacco products in which tobacco is burned, it may be desirable for consumables from HNB products that the elements downstream of the heated tobacco portion in the direction of flow, such as the cooling element and mouth-side filter, only have a low filter effect in terms of have condensed components such as tar, as these smoke components can occur in much smaller quantities.
- the object of the invention is to provide a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, which filter element is suitable for a wide range of uses in smoking articles.
- a filter element with low draw resistance and low filtration performance is to be specified, which has a sufficiently high Filtrona hardness that is as constant as possible when used in smoking articles, and which nevertheless allows the filter element to be produced particularly economically.
- the filter element should in particular show a selective filtration effect on phenols and be suitable for reliably cooling a heated particle-laden gas, so that the temperature of the gas, aerosol or vapor taken up by the user of a smoking article can be reduced.
- the invention relates in particular to a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, the filter element having a filter body made from a tow material, the tow material being formed by a multiplicity of individual threads made from crosslinked and crimped cellulose acetate filaments, and in particular wherein the cellulose acetate filaments have a polygonal and preferably Y-shaped cross-sectional geometry.
- the tow material of the filter element according to the invention should have a mass-related specific surface area of less than 0.3 m 2 /g, in particular less than 0.15 m 2 /g and greater than 0.025 m 2 /g.
- a mass-related specific surface area value which is preferably between 0.3 m 2 /g and 0.025 m 2 /g, the performance that can be achieved with the filter element and the range of applications can be significantly increased.
- the cellulose acetate filter elements of the tow material have at least partially a trilobal, ie three-armed star-shaped, cross-sectional shape.
- a cross-sectional shape lends itself when the cellulose acetate filaments are to have the largest possible specific surface area in order—if this is desired, such as with classic cigarettes—to enable a high filtration capacity with simultaneous economical use of raw materials.
- other cross-sectional shapes for the cellulose acetate filaments are also conceivable, such as a polygonal or square cross-sectional shape.
- the tow material of the filter element according to the invention is formed from endless stuffer box crimped cellulose acetate filaments.
- a solution of approx. 30% cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone is pressed through spinnerets, the acetone is evaporated in a spinning shaft, a large number of cellulose acetate filaments are combined into a ribbon and this is then stuffer box crimped.
- the product is then dried and usually baled.
- the tow material (“filter tow”) is removed from the bale and processed into filter rods on a filter rod machine.
- the tow material is stretched in a stretching device, provided with an additive used to bond the cellulose acetate filaments, after forming a so said roving is compressed transversely and axially and optionally wrapped in paper and cut to the final length of the filter element.
- a mass-related specific surface area is selected for the tow material of the filter element, in particular in a range of less than 0.3 m 2 /g and in particular less than 0.15 m 2 /g and greater than 0.025 m 2 /g a filter element can be realized which achieves a desired reduced filtration performance in relation to condensable components but still has sufficient filter hardness while maintaining the overall titre.
- the cellulose acetate filaments of the individual threads of the tow material are designed at least in regions as hollow and/or tubular cellulose acetate filaments.
- Hollow or tubular cellulose acetate filaments are to be understood as meaning, in particular, preferably cylindrical filaments which, viewed in cross section, have one or more continuous cavities.
- Such hollow fibers can be designed at least partially as multi-lumen hollow fibers.
- tubular cellulose acetate filaments with one or more lumens are significantly more kink-resistant, which means that particularly high Filtrona hardnesses can be achieved without increased material compaction.
- the hollow-shaped cellulose acetate filaments at least partially have a trilobal, i.e. three-armed star-shaped, cross-sectional shape.
- a cross-sectional shape lends itself when the cellulose acetate filaments are to have the largest possible specific surface area, for example in order to enable high filtration capacity while at the same time using raw materials sparingly.
- the filter element according to the invention has a filter body which can be at least partially based on cellulose acetate filaments which are at least partially designed as hollow cellulose acetate filaments, a low draw resistance and a low filtration performance can be achieved since the at least partially hollow cellulose acetate Filaments formed filaments of the filter element have a small outer surface area based on the total fiber volume.
- the filter element according to the invention is based on cellulose acetate filaments
- the filter element according to the invention is designed to form a uniform, white and flat mouth-side end face for a tobacco rod, for example a cigarette, with a selective filtration effect on phenols also being realizable.
- filter rods can be produced, in particular for cigarettes, which, with regard to the discussion regarding smoking and health, have demonstrably emphasized properties relating to specific retention phenomena.
- a filter made of cellulose acetate filters harmful nitrosamines and phenols far more efficiently than condensate and nicotine.
- smokers rated the smoke taste of today's common tobacco blends, such as "American Blend”, “German Blend” and “Virginia” in combination with a filter rod made of cellulose acetate as the most pleasant.
- Another advantage of a filter rod made of cellulose acetate that should not be underestimated is due to the optical homogeneity of the cut surfaces of the filters.
- the filter element according to embodiments of the invention is at least partially made of hollow cellulose acetate filaments, which serve as filling material, the draw resistance and filtration performance can be varied over a wide range in filter rods made from the material according to the invention.
- a filter material which at least partially consists of hollow cellulose acetate filaments has an improved thermal cooling effect. It was found that by using hollow filaments of cellulose acetate as the filling material, as before a very low filter effect, ie retention effect, for the suspended matter and gases to be removed can be achieved.
- the filter element according to the invention also has the advantage that it enables a particularly adjustable cooling of a heated particle-laden gas (in particular aerosol) so that the temperature of the gas, aerosol or vapor taken up by the user of a smoking article or HNB product can be reduced in a targeted manner.
- a particularly adjustable cooling of a heated particle-laden gas in particular aerosol
- the desired cooling effect can be adapted specifically to the application.
- the filtration-effective surface is by no means maximized, since the hollow cellulose acetate filaments in the tow material are not flowed through.
- the hollow cellulose acetate filaments can thus have kinks that close the lumen of the hollow cellulose acetate filaments without this having an impact on the performance of the filter and/or filling material according to the invention with regard to the set target parameters.
- the hollow cellulose acetate filaments designed as hollow fibers do not have to be hollow throughout, but can also be partially closed by kinks. They can also deviate from an ideal circular shape.
- the hollow cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material serve on the one hand as carrier material and on the other hand as cooling material. Since the hollow cellulose acetate filaments also serve as a carrier material, particularly compact filter elements can be realized in which the dimensions of the smoking article do not have to be increased.
- Fitrona hardness means the filter hardness determined according to the Filtrona principle. With this principle, the filter hardness is determined by placing a cylindrical rod with a diameter of 12 mm with its flat end vertically on with a load of 300 g The ratio of the compressed diameter to the initial diameter determined by the first contact gives the percentage of Filtrona hardness.
- the filter element or filter rod hardness is an important target criterion, particularly for cigarette filters. It is usually given as the stated Filtrona hardness. It should be noted here that the Filtrona hardness is only measured on a filter element, but not on the underlying filter (raw) material, i.e. the tow material.
- the filtron hardness of a filter element is particularly influenced by the amount of triacetin that is/can be sprayed onto the filter element.
- the minimum limit of the Filtrona hardness is around 88% and is based on market requirements.
- the filtron hardness of the filter element can preferably be adjusted to about 88% to 95%, in particular about 90% to 93%.
- the filter body is designed in particular as a filter rod and preferably has a diameter of between approximately 8 mm and approximately 5 mm in particular has a diameter of approximately 7.8 mm or approximately 5.35 mm, the filter body being encased at least in regions with a paper material or a paper-like material.
- the Filtrona hardness of the filter element should preferably be greater than 85% and in particular greater than 90%.
- the Filtrona hardness is determined in particular by the fiber weight per volume, with the filament titre of the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material having only a subordinate influence on the Filtrona hardness.
- the filter body has a fiber weight which is at most 10 mg/mm of filter element length.
- the filtrona hardness of the filter element can also be achieved by using a stronger filter wrapping paper or a stronger tipping paper.
- a tipping paper is a paper with which either several filter elements are coupled to one another or a filter element is coupled to a tobacco rod.
- increasing the filtrona hardness of the filter element by using a stronger filter wrapping paper or a stronger tipping paper has economic disadvantages, since higher costs are expected with this approach.
- the degree of decrease in Filtrona hardness due to the "hot collapse” phenomenon can be significantly reduced if the starting material of the filter element according to the invention is a Tow material with said mass-related specific surface area of less than 0.15 m 2 /g is used.
- the draw resistance and the filtration performance of the filter element according to the invention can be reduced without reducing the length of the filter element.
- relatively long filter elements can be realized, which allow a correspondingly long cooling section, which is advantageous for the heat balance, especially when using the filter element with HNB products.
- the draw resistance and the filtration performance of the filter element can be increased without reducing the fiber weight in the filter element per volume fraction and/or without reducing the overall titers of the tow material are reduced.
- This has the advantage that there is no decrease in the filtrona hardness of the filter element due to a reduction in the fiber weight in the filter element material per volume fraction and/or due to a reduction in the overall titer.
- the filter body has a maximum fiber weight of 10 mg/mm of filter element length.
- the tow material, which forms the starting product for the production of the filter element according to the invention should have a total denier of 10,000 denier to 40,000 denier.
- the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material serving as the starting product for producing the filter element according to the invention are in particular cellulose 2,5-acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose acetopropionate and/or cellulose propionate filaments.
- the cellulose acetate filaments have a degree of substitution of about 1.5 to 3.0, preferably about 2.2 to 2.6.
- the plasticizers preferably used for plasticizing and in particular thermoplasticizing the cellulose acetate fibers and applied to the fibers can be selected, for example, from the following groups: glycerol esters (especially glycerol triacetate), ethylene and propylene carbonate, citric acid esters (especially acetyl, triethyl citrate), glycose esters or diethylene glycol dibenzoate.
- plasticizing agent and/or water-soluble tackifier to be used is well known to those skilled in the art. In general, there is a plasticizer and/or tackifier content of about 1 to 14% by weight, but in special cases the plasticizer content can easily exceed this range.
- High-boiling solvents such as polyalkylene oxide, water-soluble esters or ethers, starch, starch derivatives, P-polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ethers, P-polyvinyl acetates and/or polysaccharides, water-soluble polyamides and polyacrylates be applied to the individual threads of the tow material or to the tow material.
- a residual crimp-related density value A is preferably at least 0.016 mg 2 x mm 6 with:
- the residual crimp (RS) of the tow material of the filter body should not exceed the value of 1.7 and in particular the value of 1.45, with the residual crimp (RS) of the tow material preferably being between about 1.05 and about 1 .4 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.3.
- the residual crimp is the ratio of the length of the end-crimp cellulose acetate filaments to the length of the filter element. Residual crimp is a characteristic of a given filter element. According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is important to specify a tow material for manufacturing a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, the tow material being optimized in such a way that the filter elements made from the tow material have a performance that is as uniform as possible, especially with regard to filtration performance and filter hardness.
- the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material have a uniform filament titer that is in particular predetermined or can be determined. More preferably, this predetermined or determinable uniform filament denier is in a range between 8 denier and 30 denier, and preferably in a range between 9 denier and 30 denier, and more preferably between 10 denier and 20 denier.
- a coefficient of variation of the uniform filament titer should be no more than 0.1 and preferably no more than 0.05 to no more than 0.01.
- the coefficient of variation of the uniform filament titer which can also be referred to as the deviation coefficient, is a statistical parameter and describes - in contrast to the variance - a relative measure of scatter, i.e. it does not depend on the unit of measurement of the statistical variable or random variable.
- this can be achieved by assigning each spinneret its own, in particular frequency-controlled, spinning pump to ensure that each spinneret of the spinning machine is supplied with the spinning liquid (solution of approx. 30% cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone) in such a way that that a uniform nozzle pressure and a uniform amount of spinning liquid delivered per unit time by each spinneret can be realized.
- the spinning liquid solution of approx. 30% cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone
- the individual threads of the tow material formed from the cellulose acetate filaments have a predetermined or definable and preferably uniform thread count of at least 200 denier and a maximum of 4,000 denier and preferably of at least 250 denier and a maximum of 2,500 denier have, in which case a coefficient of variation of the uniform thread titer is preferably at most 0.1 and in particular at most 0.05 to at most 0.01.
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Abstract
Description
FILTERELEMENT FÜR MUNDSTÜCKE ZUR VERWENDUNG MIT RAUCHWAREN ODER HNB-PRODUKTEN MOUTHPIECE FILTER ELEMENT FOR USE WITH SMOKING OR HNB PRODUCTS
Beschreibung Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Filterelement für Mundstücke zur Verwendung mit Rauchwaren oder HNB-Produkten sowie die Verwendung eines solchen Filterelements in Mundstücken für Rauchwaren bzw. in Zigarettenfiltern oder in Mundstücken für HNB-Produkte. The invention relates to a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products and the use of such a filter element in mouthpieces for smoking articles or in cigarette filters or in mouthpieces for HNB products.
Rauchwaren im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung betreffen klassische Tabakwaren, insbesondere Zigaretten, aber auch Pfeifen und Marihuana -Produkte sowie so genannte Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) Produkte, Vaping-Produkte und so genannte hybride Produkte. Tobacco products within the meaning of the present invention relate to classic tobacco products, in particular cigarettes, but also pipes and marijuana products and so-called heat-not-burn (HNB) products, vaping products and so-called hybrid products.
Je nach Anwendungsfall haben Mundstücke zur Verwendung von Rauchwaren unterschiedliche Funktionen. Zum einen können Mundstücke als Filtervorrichtung dienen, um beispielsweise aus einem Tabakrauchstrom schädlich e Bestandteile, wie kondensierte Stoffe, insbesondere Teer, sowie vom Rauchstrom mitgerissene teilchenförmige Materie, rauszuziehen. Diese Filterfunktion kommt insbesondere bei klassischen Tabakanwendungen zum Einsatz. Dabei kann ein entsprechendes Mundstück als integrales Teil einer Zigarette oder eines Zigarillos ausgebildet sein und somit eine „Spitze" an der Zigarette bzw. an dem Zigarillo bilden. Depending on the application, mouthpieces for smoking products have different functions. On the one hand, mouthpieces can serve as a filter device in order, for example, to extract harmful components from a flow of tobacco smoke, such as condensed substances, in particular tar, and particulate matter entrained in the flow of smoke. This filter function is used in particular in classic tobacco applications. A corresponding mouthpiece can be designed as an integral part of a cigarette or a cigarillo and thus form a “tip” on the cigarette or on the cigarillo.
Eine andere Art von Mundstück sind austauschbare Vorrichtungen, wie beispielsweise austauschbare Filterelemente, die nach Benutzung entfernt werden können. Solche Mundstücke sind in entsprechenden Haltern aufgenommen, beispielsweise in einem Zigarettenhalter oder in einem Pfeifenmundstück. Another type of mouthpiece are replaceable devices, such as replaceable filter elements, that can be removed after use. Such mouthpieces are accommodated in appropriate holders, for example in a cigarette holder or in a pipe mouthpiece.
Ein als integrales Teil einer Zigarette ausgebildetes Mundstück ist de r Zigarettenfilter. Der Zigarettenfilter soll den Anteil gesundheitsschädlicher Stoffe wie Kondensat und Gas im Rauch der Zigarette reduzieren. Zudem wird durch den Filter der Rauch von einem großen Anteil der Raucher etwas milder oder angenehmer empfunden. Bei einer klassischen Filterzigarette ist der Filter von einem Filterumhüllungspapier umhüllt und wird mit dem so genannten Tipping -Papier an den Tabakstrang angekoppelt, wobei die meisten industriell gefertigten Zigaretten mit einem Filter versehen sind . A mouthpiece formed as an integral part of a cigarette is the cigarette filter. The cigarette filter is intended to reduce the proportion of harmful substances such as condensate and gas in the cigarette smoke. In addition, the filter makes the smoke a little milder or more pleasant for a large proportion of smokers felt. In a classic filter cigarette, the filter is wrapped in filter wrapping paper and is attached to the tobacco rod with what is known as tipping paper, with most industrially manufactured cigarettes being fitted with a filter.
Es sind bereits zahlreiche Arten von Filtermaterialien eingesetzt, insbesondere um den Gehalt der Inhaltsstoffe des Tabakrauchs herabzusetzen, bevor diese das Atmungssystem des Rauchers erreichen. Zusätzlich zu dem Entfernen der schädlichen Bestandteile in großen Mengen muss ein zufriedenstellender Filter aber auch wirksam sein, ohne in unerwünschter Weise den Durchgang von Luft oder Rauch durch den Filter zu erschweren, so dass ein zu starker Zug erforderlich wird. Bei der Verwendung von Tabakrauchfiltern darf das Filtermaterial aber auch nicht den Geschmack des Tabakrauchs dadurch verändern, dass sein eigener Geschmack hinzukommt. Many types of filter materials have been used, particularly to reduce the levels of constituents in tobacco smoke before they reach the smoker's respiratory system. However, in addition to removing the harmful constituents in large quantities, a satisfactory filter must also be effective without undesirably impeding the passage of air or smoke through the filter, thereby requiring excessive draft. However, when using tobacco smoke filters, the filter material must not change the taste of the tobacco smoke by adding its own taste.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft nicht lediglich Filtermaterialien für die zuvor beschriebenen klassischen Tabakanwendungen, sondern insbesondere Filtermaterialien bzw. Filterelemente für Mundstücke zur Verwendung von Rauchwaren, wobei diesen Filterelementen insbesondere andere Funktionen zukommen als lediglich eine Filterfunktion. The present invention relates not only to filter materials for the classic tobacco applications described above, but in particular to filter materials or filter elements for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles, these filter elements in particular having functions other than just a filter function.
Bei anderen Anwendungsfällen steht eine Filterfunktion der Mundstücke keinesfalls im Vordergrund. Dies gilt beispielsweise für Heat-Not-Burn Produkte („HNB- Produkte"), welche sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmender Beliebtheit erfreuen. In diesen Geräten wird während der Benutzung eine Portion verarbeiteten Tabaks durch eine Wärmequelle erhitzt aber nicht verbrannt. Dabei verdampfen flüchtige Tabakbestandteile, wie Aromastoffe, Nikotin, Glycerin und Wasser, und werden von der Luft mitgerissen, die von dem Benutzer durch das HNB-Produkt gezogen wird. Während die freigesetzten Substanzen abkühlen, bildet sich ein Aerosol, welches von dem Benutzer inhaliert wird. In other applications, a filter function of the mouthpieces is by no means in the foreground. This applies, for example, to Heat-Not-Burn products ("HNB products"), which have enjoyed increasing popularity in recent years. In these devices, a portion of processed tobacco is heated by a heat source during use, but not burned. Volatile substances evaporate in the process Tobacco components, such as flavorings, nicotine, glycerin and water, are entrained in the air drawn through the HNB product by the user As the released substances cool, an aerosol is formed which is inhaled by the user.
Handelsübliche HNB-Produkte umfassen üblicherweise eine Gerät bestehend aus einer Stromversorgung, die ein Heizelement versorgt und einen separaten Verbrauchsartikel bestehend aus einer Portion verarbeiteten Tabaks, einem Stützelement, wie beispielsweise einem röhrenförmig ausgeführten Celluloseacetat Segment, einem in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagerten sogenannten Kühlelement, beispielsweise in Gestalt einer gekräuselten Polylactid-Folie, die zu einem Zylinder mit vielen axialen Kanälen zusammengerafft ist, sowie einem mundseitigen Filter. Die Verbrauchsartikel werden vor Gebrauch in das Gerät so eingebracht, dass das Heizelement die Portion Tabak bei Gebrauch des HNB-Produktes erhitzt. Commercially available HNB products usually comprise a device consisting of a power supply that supplies a heating element and a separate consumable consisting of a portion of processed tobacco, a support element, such as a tubular cellulose acetate segment, a downstream so-called cooling element, for example in the form of a ruffled polylactide film formed into a cylinder with many axial channels and a mouth-side filter. The consumables are placed in the device before use in such a way that the heating element heats up the portion of tobacco when the HNB product is used.
Beispielsweise wird bei einem sogenannten IQOS/HEETS Produkt von Philip Morris die Tabakportion auf ein Heizblatt im Gerät aufgespießt. Unter einem IQOS/HEETS Produkt ist ein von Philip Morris vermarktetes IQOS-Gerät mit dem zugehörigen Verbrauchsartikel HEETS zu verstehen. Der Verbrauchsartikel HEETS ist ein Heat-Not-Burn-Produkt, bei dem Tabak, anstelle ihn zu verbrennen, lediglich erhitzt wird. For example, in a so-called IQOS/HEETS product from Philip Morris, the tobacco portion is impaled on a heating blade in the device. An IQOS/HEETS product means an IQOS device marketed by Philip Morris and its associated consumable, HEETS. The HEETS consumable is a heat-not-burn product that simply heats tobacco instead of burning it.
Ein Wettbewerbsprodukt von BAT („Glo") heizt den Tabak von außen, wobei das sogenannte Kühlelement durch eine Röhre ersetzt ist. Auch in diesen Geräten wird während der Benutzung eine Portion verarbeiteten Tabaks durch eine Wärmequelle erhitzt aber nicht verbrannt. Dabei verdampften flüchtige Tabakbestandteile, wie Aromastoffe, Nikotin, Glycerin und Wasser, und werden von der Luft mitgerissen, die vom Benutzer durch das HNB-Produkt gezogen wird. Während die freigesetzten Substanzen abkühlen, bildet sich ein Aerosol, welches vom Benutzer inhaliert wird. A competitor's product from BAT ("Glo") heats the tobacco from the outside, with the so-called cooling element being replaced by a tube. In these devices, too, a portion of processed tobacco is heated by a heat source during use, but not burned. such as flavorings, nicotine, glycerin and water, and are entrained in the air drawn through the HNB product by the user.As the released substances cool, an aerosol is formed which is inhaled by the user.
Die für diese Anwendung bekannten Verbrauchsartikel haben den Nachteil, dass sich ihre mundseitigen Filter durch die Nähe zu dem Heizelement und durch den beim Gebrauch des HNB-Produktes entstehenden heißen Dampf erheblich erhitzen können. The consumables known for this application have the disadvantage that their mouth-side filters can heat up considerably due to the proximity to the heating element and due to the hot steam produced when using the HNB product.
Bei sogenannten Hybriden Produkten, wird zunächst ein Aerosolbildner verdampft (Propylenglycol, Glycerin), durch Abkühlung entsteht ein Aerosol. Dieses Aerosol wird durch eine Portion verarbeitenden Tabaks geleitet und vom Konsumenten inhaliert. Auch bei solchen Anwendungen kommt dem Mundstück insbesondere die Funktion zu, das benutzerseitige Ende gegen eine für den Nutzer unangenehme Erwärmung zu schützen. In the case of so-called hybrid products, an aerosol former is first evaporated (propylene glycol, glycerine), and an aerosol is created by cooling. This aerosol is passed through a portion of processed tobacco and inhaled by the consumer. In such applications, too, the mouthpiece has the particular function of protecting the end on the user side from heating up, which is unpleasant for the user.
Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Tabakprodukten, bei denen Tabak verbrannt wird, kann es bei Verbrauchsartikeln von HNB-Produkten erwünscht sein, dass die der erhitzten Tabakportion in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagerten Elemente, wie Kühlelement und mundseitiger Filter, nur eine geringe Filterwirkung in Bezug auf kondensierte Bestandteile wie Teer haben, da diese Rauchbestandteile in wesentlich geringerer Menge entstehen können. In contrast to conventional tobacco products in which tobacco is burned, it may be desirable for consumables from HNB products that the elements downstream of the heated tobacco portion in the direction of flow, such as the cooling element and mouth-side filter, only have a low filter effect in terms of have condensed components such as tar, as these smoke components can occur in much smaller quantities.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Filterelement für Mundstücke zur Verwendung mit Rauchwaren oder HNB-Produkten anzugeben, wobei das Filterelement für einen breiten Anwendungsbereich bei Rauchwaren geeignet ist. Insbesondere soll ein Filterelement mit niedrigem Zugwiderstand und niedriger Filtrationsleistung angegeben werden, wobei dieses eine hinreichend hohe und bei der Anwendung in Rauchwaren möglichst konstante Filtronahärte aufweist, und wobei sich dennoch das Filterelement besonders wirtschaftlich herstellen lässt. The object of the invention is to provide a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, which filter element is suitable for a wide range of uses in smoking articles. In particular, a filter element with low draw resistance and low filtration performance is to be specified, which has a sufficiently high Filtrona hardness that is as constant as possible when used in smoking articles, and which nevertheless allows the filter element to be produced particularly economically.
Darüber hinaus soll das Filterelement insbesondere eine selektive Filtrationswirkung auf Phenole zeigen und geeignet sein, zuverlässig ein erwärmtes partikelbeladenes Gas zu kühlen, so dass die Temperatur des von dem Anwender eines Rauchartikels aufgenommenen Gases, Aerosols oder Dampfs reduziert werden kann. In addition, the filter element should in particular show a selective filtration effect on phenols and be suitable for reliably cooling a heated particle-laden gas, so that the temperature of the gas, aerosol or vapor taken up by the user of a smoking article can be reduced.
Diese und weitere Aufgaben werden durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. These and other objects are solved by the subject matter of independent patent claim 1 .
Demgemäß betrifft die Erfindung insbesondere ein Filterelement für Mundstücke zur Verwendung mit Rauchwaren oder HNB-Produkten, wobei das Filterelement einen Filterkörper aus einem Tow-Material aufweist, wobei das Tow-Material durch eine Vielzahl von Einzelfäden aus vernetzten und gekräuselten Celluloseacetat-Filamenten gebildet wird, und wobei die Celluloseacetat-Filamente insbesondere eine polygonale und vorzugsweise Y-förmige Querschnittsgeometrie aufweisen. Accordingly, the invention relates in particular to a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, the filter element having a filter body made from a tow material, the tow material being formed by a multiplicity of individual threads made from crosslinked and crimped cellulose acetate filaments, and in particular wherein the cellulose acetate filaments have a polygonal and preferably Y-shaped cross-sectional geometry.
Bei einem derartigen Filterelement wurde überraschend festgestellt, dass insbesondere unter Beibehaltung des Gesamt-Titers des Tow-Materials eine gewünschte reduzierte Filtrationsleistung in Bezug auf kondensierbare Bestandteile, wie Teer, sowie eine ausreichende Filterhärte erzielbar sind, wenn das Tow-Material eine möglichst geringe massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche aufweist. With such a filter element, it was surprisingly found that, in particular while maintaining the overall titer of the tow material, a desired reduced filtration performance with regard to condensable components such as tar, and sufficient filter hardness, can be achieved if the tow material has the lowest possible mass-related specific has surface.
Insbesondere soll das Tow-Material des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements eine massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche von kleiner als 0,3 m2/g, insbesondere kleiner als 0,15 m2/g, und größer als 0,025 m2/g aufweisen. Mit einem derartigen massenbezogenen spezifischen Oberflächenwert, der vorzugsweise zwischen von 0,3 m2/g und 0,025 m2/g liegt, kann die mit dem Filterelement erzielbare Performance und das Anwendungsspektrum deutlich erhöht werden. In particular, the tow material of the filter element according to the invention should have a mass-related specific surface area of less than 0.3 m 2 /g, in particular less than 0.15 m 2 /g and greater than 0.025 m 2 /g. With such a mass-related specific surface area value, which is preferably between 0.3 m 2 /g and 0.025 m 2 /g, the performance that can be achieved with the filter element and the range of applications can be significantly increased.
Gemäß bevorzugten Realisierungen des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements weisen die Celluloseacetat-Filterelemente des Tow-Materials zumindest teilweise eine tri- lobale, das heißt dreiarmig sternförmige Querschnittsform auf. Eine solche Querschnittsform bietet sich an, wenn die Celluloseacetat-Filamente eine möglichst große spezifische Oberfläche aufweisen sollen, um - falls dies gewünscht ist, wie beispielsweise bei klassischen Zigaretten - ein hohes Filtrationsvermögen bei gleichzeitigem sparsamen Rohstoffeinsatz zu ermöglichen. Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, die gewünschte große spezifische Oberfläche durch ein Bündel extrem feiner Filamente beispielsweise kreisförmigen Querschnitts zu erhalten. Allerdings sind auch andere Querschnittsformen für die Celluloseacetat-Filamente denkbar, wie beispielsweise eine polygonale oder viereckige Querschnittsform. According to preferred realizations of the filter element according to the invention, the cellulose acetate filter elements of the tow material have at least partially a trilobal, ie three-armed star-shaped, cross-sectional shape. Such a cross-sectional shape lends itself when the cellulose acetate filaments are to have the largest possible specific surface area in order—if this is desired, such as with classic cigarettes—to enable a high filtration capacity with simultaneous economical use of raw materials. As an alternative to this, it is possible to obtain the desired large specific surface area by means of a bundle of extremely fine filaments, for example with a circular cross-section. However, other cross-sectional shapes for the cellulose acetate filaments are also conceivable, such as a polygonal or square cross-sectional shape.
Das Tow-Material des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements ist aus endlosen stauchkammergekräuselten Celluloseacetat-Filamenten gebildet. Dabei wird eine Lösung von ca. 30% Cellulose-2,5-Acetat in Aceton durch Spinndüsen gepresst, das Aceton in einem Spinnschacht verdampft, eine Vielzahl von Celluloseacetat-Filamenten zu einem Band zusammengefasst und dieses anschließend stauchkammergekräuselt. Das Produkt wird daraufhin getrocknet und üblicherweise zu Ballen gepresst. Das Tow-Material („Filter-Tow") wird dem Ballen entnommen und auf einer Filterstabmaschine zu Filterstäben verarbeitet. Dabei wird das Tow-Material in einer Streckeinrichtung verstreckt, mit einem zur Verklebung der Celluloseacetat- Filamente dienenden Zusatzmittel versehen, nach Bildung einer so genannten Lunte quer-axial verdichtet und optional mit Papier umhüllt sowie auf die Endlänge des Filterelements geschnitten. The tow material of the filter element according to the invention is formed from endless stuffer box crimped cellulose acetate filaments. A solution of approx. 30% cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone is pressed through spinnerets, the acetone is evaporated in a spinning shaft, a large number of cellulose acetate filaments are combined into a ribbon and this is then stuffer box crimped. The product is then dried and usually baled. The tow material ("filter tow") is removed from the bale and processed into filter rods on a filter rod machine. The tow material is stretched in a stretching device, provided with an additive used to bond the cellulose acetate filaments, after forming a so said roving is compressed transversely and axially and optionally wrapped in paper and cut to the final length of the filter element.
Indem erfindungsgemäß für das Tow-Material des Filterelements eine massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche insbesondere in einem Bereich von kleiner als 0,3 m2/g und insbesondere kleiner als 0,15 m2/g und größer als 0,025 m2/g gewählt wird, ist ein Filterelement realisierbar, welches eine gewünschte reduzierte Filtrationsleistung in Bezug auf kondensierbare Bestandteile aber dennoch eine ausreichende Filterhärte unter Beibehaltung des Gesamttiters erzielt. Gemäß Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements sind die Celluloseacetat-Filamente der Einzelfäden des Tow-Materials zumindest bereichsweise als hohlförmige und/oder rohrförmige Celluloseacetat-Filamente ausgebildet. According to the invention, a mass-related specific surface area is selected for the tow material of the filter element, in particular in a range of less than 0.3 m 2 /g and in particular less than 0.15 m 2 /g and greater than 0.025 m 2 /g a filter element can be realized which achieves a desired reduced filtration performance in relation to condensable components but still has sufficient filter hardness while maintaining the overall titre. According to embodiments of the filter element according to the invention, the cellulose acetate filaments of the individual threads of the tow material are designed at least in regions as hollow and/or tubular cellulose acetate filaments.
Unter hohlförmigen bzw. rohrförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten sind insbesondere vorzugsweise zylinderförmige Filamente zu verstehen, die im Querschnitt gesehen einen oder mehrere durchgängige Hohlräume aufweisen. Hollow or tubular cellulose acetate filaments are to be understood as meaning, in particular, preferably cylindrical filaments which, viewed in cross section, have one or more continuous cavities.
Derartige hohlförmige Fasern können zumindest teilweise als mehrlumige Hohlfasern ausgeführt sein. Im Vergleich zu „massiv" ausgeführten Celluloseacetat-Filamenten sind ein- oder mehrlumig ausgeführte rohrförmige Celluloseacetat-Filamente deutlich knickstabiler, wodurch besonders hohe Filtronahärten ohne erhöhte Materialverdichtung realisierbar sind. Such hollow fibers can be designed at least partially as multi-lumen hollow fibers. Compared to "solid" cellulose acetate filaments, tubular cellulose acetate filaments with one or more lumens are significantly more kink-resistant, which means that particularly high Filtrona hardnesses can be achieved without increased material compaction.
Gemäß Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente zumindest teilweise eine trilobale, d.h. dreiarmigsternförmige Querschnittsform auf. Eine solche Querschnittsform bietet sich an, wenn die Celluloseacetat-Filamente eine möglichst große spezifische Oberfläche aufweisen sollen, um beispielsweise ein hohes Filtrationsvermögen bei gleichzeitigem sparsamen Rohstoffeinsatz zu ermöglichen. According to embodiments of the present invention, the hollow-shaped cellulose acetate filaments at least partially have a trilobal, i.e. three-armed star-shaped, cross-sectional shape. Such a cross-sectional shape lends itself when the cellulose acetate filaments are to have the largest possible specific surface area, for example in order to enable high filtration capacity while at the same time using raw materials sparingly.
Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, die gewünschte große spezifische Oberfläche durch ein Bündel extrem feiner Filamente kreisförmigen Querschnitts zu erhalten. Allerdings sind auch andere Querschnittsformen für die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat- Filamente denkbar, wie beispielsweise einen viereckige Querschnittsform. Alternatively, it is possible to obtain the desired large specific surface area by using a bundle of extremely fine filaments of circular cross-section. However, other cross-sectional shapes for the hollow cellulose acetate filaments are also conceivable, such as a square cross-sectional shape.
Dadurch, dass das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement einen Filterkörper aufweist, welcher zumindest teilweise auf Celluloseacetat-Filamenten basieren kann, die zumindest teilweise als hohlförmige Celluloseacetat-Filamente ausgebildet sind, kann ein niedriger Zugwiderstand und eine niedrige Filtrationsleistung realisiert werden, da die zumindest teilweise als hohlförmige Celluloseacetat-Filamente ausgebildeten Filamente des Filterelements eine geringe äußere Oberfläche bezogen auf das Gesamtfaservolumen aufweisen. Due to the fact that the filter element according to the invention has a filter body which can be at least partially based on cellulose acetate filaments which are at least partially designed as hollow cellulose acetate filaments, a low draw resistance and a low filtration performance can be achieved since the at least partially hollow cellulose acetate Filaments formed filaments of the filter element have a small outer surface area based on the total fiber volume.
In diesem Zusammenhang wurde überraschend festgestellt, dass aufgrund der zumindest teilweise als hohlförmige Celluloseacetat-Filamente ausgebildeten Filamente mit dem Filterelement besonders hohe Filtronahärten realisierbar sind. Tatsächlich hat sich herausgestellt, dass Filterelemente, die zumindest teilweise aus hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten (Hohlfasern) gebildet sind, bei geringerem Fasergewicht pro Volumeneinheit die gewünschte Mindest-Filtronahärte erreichen. In this context, it was surprisingly found that due to the filaments, which are at least partially designed as hollow cellulose acetate filaments, particularly high Filtrona hardnesses can be realized with the filter element. In fact, it has been found that filter elements that are formed at least partially from hollow cellulose acetate filaments (hollow fibers) achieve the desired minimum Filtrona hardness with a lower fiber weight per unit volume.
Da das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement auf Celluloseacetat-Filamenten basiert, ist das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement ausgebildet, um eine gleichmäßige, weiße und ebene mundseitige Stirnseite für einen Tabakstrang beispielsweise einer Zigarette zu bilden, wobei ferner eine selektive Filtrationswirkung auf Phenole realisierbar ist. Since the filter element according to the invention is based on cellulose acetate filaments, the filter element according to the invention is designed to form a uniform, white and flat mouth-side end face for a tobacco rod, for example a cigarette, with a selective filtration effect on phenols also being realizable.
Durch die Verwendung eines Filterelements, welches auf Celluloseacetat-Filamenten basiert, sind einerseits Filterstäbe insbesondere für Zigaretten herstellbar, welche im Hinblick auf die Diskussion bezüglich Rauchen und Gesundheit nachweislich hervorzuhebende Eigenschaften betreffend spezifischer Retentionsphä- nome aufweisen. By using a filter element which is based on cellulose acetate filaments, filter rods can be produced, in particular for cigarettes, which, with regard to the discussion regarding smoking and health, have demonstrably emphasized properties relating to specific retention phenomena.
So filtert ein Filter aus Celluloseacetat gesundheitlich bedenkliche Nitrosamine und Phenole weitaus effizienter als Kondensat und Ni kotin. Außerdem wird der Rauchgeschmack der heute üblichen Tabakmischung, wie zum Beispiel „American Blend", „German Blend" und „Virginia" in Kombination mit einem Filterstab aus Celluloseacetat durch den Raucher als am angenehmsten beurteilt. Ein weiterer nicht zu unterschätzender Vorteil eines Filterstabes aus Celluloseacetat ist in der optischen Homogenität der Schnittflächen der Filter begründet. A filter made of cellulose acetate filters harmful nitrosamines and phenols far more efficiently than condensate and nicotine. In addition, smokers rated the smoke taste of today's common tobacco blends, such as "American Blend", "German Blend" and "Virginia" in combination with a filter rod made of cellulose acetate as the most pleasant. Another advantage of a filter rod made of cellulose acetate that should not be underestimated is due to the optical homogeneity of the cut surfaces of the filters.
Indem gemäß Ausführungsformen das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement zumindest teilweise aus hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten ausgebildet ist, die als Füllmaterial dienen, können bei aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Material hergestellten Filterstäben über einen weiten Bereich der Zugwiderstand und die Filtrationsleistung variiert werden. Because the filter element according to embodiments of the invention is at least partially made of hollow cellulose acetate filaments, which serve as filling material, the draw resistance and filtration performance can be varied over a wide range in filter rods made from the material according to the invention.
Insbesondere hat sich gezeigt, dass ein Filtermaterial, welches zumindest bereichsweise aus hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten besteht, eine verbesserte thermische Kühlwirkung aufweist. Es wurde festgestellt, dass durch den Einsatz von hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten als Füllmaterial nach wie vor eine sehr niedrige Filterwirkung, d.h. Rückhaltewirkung, für die zu entfernenden Schwebstoffe und Gase, erreicht werden kann. In particular, it has been shown that a filter material which at least partially consists of hollow cellulose acetate filaments has an improved thermal cooling effect. It was found that by using hollow filaments of cellulose acetate as the filling material, as before a very low filter effect, ie retention effect, for the suspended matter and gases to be removed can be achieved.
Es wird vermutet, dass diese Wirkung dadurch erreicht wird, dass durch die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente die Oberfläche oder der Durchfluss des zu reinigenden Gases oder der Luft derart verändert wird, dass die in dem Gas bzw. in der Luft gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Schwebstoffe kaum zurückgehalten werden. Ein weiterer Grund könnte darin liegen, dass durch die Verwendung von hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamenten eine andere, besonders vorteilhafte Oberflächenstruktur des Filtermateriales erzielbar ist. It is assumed that this effect is achieved by the hollow cellulose acetate filaments changing the surface area or the flow rate of the gas or air to be cleaned in such a way that the suspended matter that may be present in the gas or air is hardly retained . Another reason could be that a different, particularly advantageous surface structure of the filter material can be achieved through the use of hollow cellulose acetate filaments.
Das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement weist ferner den Vorteil auf, dass es eine insbesondere einstellbare Kühlung eines erwärmten partikelbeladenen Gases (insbesondere Aerosols) ermöglicht, so dass die Temperatur des von dem Anwender eines Rauchartikels oder HNB-Produktes aufgenommenen Gases, Aerosols oder Dampfes gezielt reduziert werden kann. Durch eine Variation des Anteils der hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente in dem Filter- und/oder Füllmaterial ist dabei die angestrebte Kühlwirkung anwendungsspezifisch anpassbar. The filter element according to the invention also has the advantage that it enables a particularly adjustable cooling of a heated particle-laden gas (in particular aerosol) so that the temperature of the gas, aerosol or vapor taken up by the user of a smoking article or HNB product can be reduced in a targeted manner. By varying the proportion of the hollow cellulose acetate filaments in the filter and/or filling material, the desired cooling effect can be adapted specifically to the application.
Wichtig zu erwähnen ist ferner, dass die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente (= Hohlfasern) in dem erfindungsgemäßen Filterelement im Wesentlich umströmt werden und weniger durchströmt werden. Aus geometrischen Überlegungen ist ersichtlich, dass dabei die Faser-zu-Faser-Abstände wesentlich größer sind als das Lumen (Hohlanteil) der Hohlfaser. Die Viskosität des Aerosols (im wesentlichen Luft) für dann dazu, dass der Weg des geringsten Widerstandes gewählt wird (d.h. es strömt zwischen den Filamenten und nicht durch jedes einzelne Filament. It is also important to mention that the hollow cellulose acetate filaments (=hollow fibers) in the filter element according to the invention are essentially flowed around and less flowed through. From geometric considerations it can be seen that the fiber-to-fiber distances are significantly larger than the lumen (hollow portion) of the hollow fiber. The viscosity of the aerosol (essentially air) then allows it to take the path of least resistance (i.e. it flows between the filaments rather than through each individual filament).
Mit anderen Worten, bei der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements wird keinesfalls die filtrationswirksame Oberfläche maximiert, da in dem Tow-Material die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente nicht durchströmt werden. In other words, in the embodiment of the filter element according to the invention, the filtration-effective surface is by no means maximized, since the hollow cellulose acetate filaments in the tow material are not flowed through.
Insbesondere können somit die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente Knickstellen aufweisen, die das Lumen der hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente verschließen, ohne dass dies im Hinblick auf die eingestellten Zielparameter einen Einfluss auf die Performance des erfindungsgemäßen Filter- und/oder Füllmaterial hat. Insbesondere ist in diesem Zusammenhang zu erwähnen, dass die als Hohlfasern ausgeführten hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente nicht durchgängig hohl sein müssen, sondern auch partiell durch Knicke verschlossen sein können. Auch können sie von einer idealen Kreisform abweichen. In particular, the hollow cellulose acetate filaments can thus have kinks that close the lumen of the hollow cellulose acetate filaments without this having an impact on the performance of the filter and/or filling material according to the invention with regard to the set target parameters. In particular, it should be mentioned in this context that the hollow cellulose acetate filaments designed as hollow fibers do not have to be hollow throughout, but can also be partially closed by kinks. They can also deviate from an ideal circular shape.
Bei Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente des Tow-Materials einerseits als Trägermaterial und andererseits als Kühlmaterial dienen. Indem die hohlförmigen Celluloseacetat-Filamente gleichzeitig als Trägermaterial dienen sind besonders kompakte Filterelemente realisierbar, bei denen die Dimensionen des Rauchartikels nicht vergrößert werden müssen. In configurations of the invention, it is provided that the hollow cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material serve on the one hand as carrier material and on the other hand as cooling material. Since the hollow cellulose acetate filaments also serve as a carrier material, particularly compact filter elements can be realized in which the dimensions of the smoking article do not have to be increased.
Unter dem hierin verwendeten Begriff „Fi Itrona härte" ist die nach dem Filtrona- Prinzip bestimmte Filterhärte zu verstehen. Bei diesem Prinzip wird die Filterhärte bestimmt, indem ein zylindrischer Stab von 12 mm Durchmesser mit seiner flachen Stirnseite vertikal mit einer Last von 300 g auf einen horizontal positionierten Filterstab gedrückt wird. Das Verhältnis des zusammengedrückten Durchmessers zum vorher durch die erste Berührung ermittelten Ausgangsdurchmessers ergibt die prozentuale Angabe der Filtronahärte. The term "Fi Itrona hardness" used herein means the filter hardness determined according to the Filtrona principle. With this principle, the filter hardness is determined by placing a cylindrical rod with a diameter of 12 mm with its flat end vertically on with a load of 300 g The ratio of the compressed diameter to the initial diameter determined by the first contact gives the percentage of Filtrona hardness.
Die Filterelement- bzw. Filterstabhärte ist ein wichtiges Zielkriterium bei insbesondere Zigarettenfiltern. Sie wird üblicherweise als die genannte Filtronahärte angegeben. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass die Filtronahärte nur an einem Filterelement gemessen wird, nicht aber an dem zugrundeliegenden Filter-(Roh)-Material, also dem Tow-Material. Die Filtronahärte eines Filterelements wird insbesondere durch die Menge an Triacetin beeinflusst, welches auf das Filterelement aufgesprüht wird/werden kann. The filter element or filter rod hardness is an important target criterion, particularly for cigarette filters. It is usually given as the stated Filtrona hardness. It should be noted here that the Filtrona hardness is only measured on a filter element, but not on the underlying filter (raw) material, i.e. the tow material. The filtron hardness of a filter element is particularly influenced by the amount of triacetin that is/can be sprayed onto the filter element.
Der Mindestgrenzwert der Filtronahärte liegt bei etwa 88% und orientiert sich an den Markterfordernissen. Die Filtronahärte des Filterelements kann hierbei vorzugsweise auf etwa 88% bis 95%, insbesondere etwa 90% bis 93% eingestellt werden. The minimum limit of the Filtrona hardness is around 88% and is based on market requirements. The filtron hardness of the filter element can preferably be adjusted to about 88% to 95%, in particular about 90% to 93%.
Gemäß bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements ist vorgesehen, dass der Filterkörper insbesondere als Filterstab ausgeführt ist und vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser zwischen etwa 8 mm und etwa 5 mm und insbesondere einen Durchmesser von etwa 7,8 mm oder etwa 5,35 mm aufweist, wobei der Filterkörper zumindest bereichsweise mit einem Papiermaterial oder einem papierähnlichen Material umhüllt ist. According to preferred embodiments of the filter element according to the invention, it is provided that the filter body is designed in particular as a filter rod and preferably has a diameter of between approximately 8 mm and approximately 5 mm in particular has a diameter of approximately 7.8 mm or approximately 5.35 mm, the filter body being encased at least in regions with a paper material or a paper-like material.
Bei dieser Ausgestaltung sollte vorzugsweise die Filtronahärte des Filterelements bei größer als 85% und insbesondere größer als 90% liegen. In this configuration, the Filtrona hardness of the filter element should preferably be greater than 85% and in particular greater than 90%.
Bei gegebenem Filterelement-Durchmesser wird die Filtronahärte insbesondere durch das Fasergewicht pro Volumen bestimmt, wobei der Filament-Titer der Celluloseacetat-Filamente des Tow-Materials nur einen untergeordneten Einfluss auf die Filtronahärte aufweist. For a given filter element diameter, the Filtrona hardness is determined in particular by the fiber weight per volume, with the filament titre of the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material having only a subordinate influence on the Filtrona hardness.
Es ist bei Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements vorgesehen, dass der Filterkörper ein Fasergewicht aufweist, welches maximal 10 mg/mm Filterelementlänge beträgt. In configurations of the filter element according to the invention, it is provided that the filter body has a fiber weight which is at most 10 mg/mm of filter element length.
Die Filtronahärte des Filterelements kann auch durch ein stärkeres Filterumhüllungspapier oder ein stärkeres Tipping-Papier erreicht werden. The filtrona hardness of the filter element can also be achieved by using a stronger filter wrapping paper or a stronger tipping paper.
Ein Tipping-Papier ist ein Papier, mit welchem entweder mehrere Filterelemente aneinandergekoppelt werden, oder ein Filterelement an einen Tabakstrang gekoppelt wird. Das Erhöhen der Filtronahärte des Filterelements durch die Verwendung eines stärkeren Filterumhüllungspapiers oder eines stärkeren Tipping-Papiers hat jedoch wirtschaftliche Nachteile, da bei diesem Ansatz höhere Kosten zu erwarten sind. A tipping paper is a paper with which either several filter elements are coupled to one another or a filter element is coupled to a tobacco rod. However, increasing the filtrona hardness of the filter element by using a stronger filter wrapping paper or a stronger tipping paper has economic disadvantages, since higher costs are expected with this approach.
In Verbindung mit der Filtronahärte des Filterelements steht der so genannte „Hot Collapse", wonach die Filterhärte während der Benutzung des Filterelements, das heißt während der Verwendung des Filterelements mit Rauchwaren oder HNB- Produkten, abnimmt. Dieses Phänomen kann insbesondere dann auftreten, wenn bei einer klassischen Zigarette bei einem der letzten Züge das Filterelement in Gegenwart von Feuchte erwärmt wird. Aber auch bei HNB-Produkten kann dieser unerwünschte Effekt auftreten. The so-called "hot collapse" is associated with the filtrona hardness of the filter element, after which the filter hardness decreases during use of the filter element, i.e. during use of the filter element with smoking articles or HNB products. This phenomenon can occur in particular when a classic cigarette with one of the last puffs the filter element is heated in the presence of moisture.However, this undesirable effect can also occur with HNB products.
In diesem Zusammenhang hat sich gezeigt, dass der Grad der Abnahme der Filtronahärte aufgrund des „Hot Collapse"-Phänomens signifikant reduziert werden kann, wenn als Ausgangsmaterial des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements ein Tow-Material mit der genannten massenbezogenen spezifischen Oberfläche von kleiner als 0,15 m2/g verwendet wird. In this context, it has been shown that the degree of decrease in Filtrona hardness due to the "hot collapse" phenomenon can be significantly reduced if the starting material of the filter element according to the invention is a Tow material with said mass-related specific surface area of less than 0.15 m 2 /g is used.
Indem das Tow-Material des Filterkörpers des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements eine massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche im Bereich zwischen 0,3 m2/g und 0,025 m2/g und insbesondere von kleiner als 0,15 m2/g aufweist, können der Zugwiderstand und die Filtrationsleistung des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements reduziert werden, ohne dass die Länge des Filterelements reduziert wird. Somit sind relativ lange Filterelemente realisierbar, die eine entsprechend lange Kühlstrecke ermöglichen, was vorteilhaft für den Wärmehaushalt ist, insbesondere bei der Verwendung des Filterelements mit HNB-Produkten. By the tow material of the filter body of the filter element according to the invention having a mass-related specific surface area in the range between 0.3 m 2 / g and 0.025 m 2 / g and in particular less than 0.15 m 2 / g, the draw resistance and the filtration performance of the filter element according to the invention can be reduced without reducing the length of the filter element. Thus, relatively long filter elements can be realized, which allow a correspondingly long cooling section, which is advantageous for the heat balance, especially when using the filter element with HNB products.
Zusätzlich hierzu kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Festlegung der massenbezogenen spezifischen Oberfläche des Tow-Materials auf einen Wert von insbesondere kleiner als 0,15 m2/g der Zugwiderstand und die Filtrationsleistung des Filterelements ohne Reduzierung des Fasergewichts im Filterelement pro Volumenanteil und/oder ohne Reduzierung des Gesamt-Titers des Tow-Materials reduziert werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass keine Abnahme der Filtronahärte des Filterelements aufgrund einer Reduzierung des Fasergewichts im Filterelementmaterial pro Volumenanteil und/oder aufgrund einer Reduzierung des Gesamt-Titers auftritt. In addition to this, by setting the mass-related specific surface area of the tow material to a value of, in particular, less than 0.15 m 2 /g, the draw resistance and the filtration performance of the filter element can be increased without reducing the fiber weight in the filter element per volume fraction and/or without reducing the overall titers of the tow material are reduced. This has the advantage that there is no decrease in the filtrona hardness of the filter element due to a reduction in the fiber weight in the filter element material per volume fraction and/or due to a reduction in the overall titer.
Gemäß Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements weist der Filterkörper ein Fasergewicht von max. 10 mg/mm Filterelementlänge auf. Insbesondere sollte das Tow-Material, welches das Ausgangsprodukt für die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements bildet, einen Gesamt-Titer von 10.000 Denier bis 40.000 Denier aufweisen. According to embodiments of the filter element according to the invention, the filter body has a maximum fiber weight of 10 mg/mm of filter element length. In particular, the tow material, which forms the starting product for the production of the filter element according to the invention, should have a total denier of 10,000 denier to 40,000 denier.
Die Celluloseacetat-Filamente des als Ausgangsprodukt zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Filterelements dienenden Tow-Materials sind insbesondere Cellu- lose-2,5-Acetat-, Cellulosebutyrat-, Celluloseacetobutyrat-, Celluloseacetopropionat- und/oder Cellulosepropionat-Filamente. Vorzugsweise weisen die Celluloseacetat-Filamente einen Substitutionsgrad von etwa 1,5 bis 3,0, vorzugsweise etwa 2,2 bis 2,6, auf. The cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material serving as the starting product for producing the filter element according to the invention are in particular cellulose 2,5-acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose acetopropionate and/or cellulose propionate filaments. Preferably, the cellulose acetate filaments have a degree of substitution of about 1.5 to 3.0, preferably about 2.2 to 2.6.
Die vorzugsweise zur Plastifizierung und insbesondere Thermoplastifizierung der Celluloseacetat-Fasern eingesetzten und auf die Fasern applizierten Weichmacher können beispielsweise aus folgenden Gruppen ausgewählt sein: Glycerinester (insbesondere Glycerintriacetat), Ethylen- und Propylencarbonat, Zitronensäureester (insbesondere Acetyl-, Triethylcitrat), Glycoseester oder Diethylenglykoldibenzoat. The plasticizers preferably used for plasticizing and in particular thermoplasticizing the cellulose acetate fibers and applied to the fibers can be selected, for example, from the following groups: glycerol esters (especially glycerol triacetate), ethylene and propylene carbonate, citric acid esters (especially acetyl, triethyl citrate), glycose esters or diethylene glycol dibenzoate.
Die Menge an einzusetzendem plastifizierenden Weichmacher und/oder wasserlöslichem Verklebungsmittel ist dem Fachmann auf diesem technischen Gebiet geläufig. Im Allgemeinen liegt ein Gehalt an Weichmacher und/oder Verklebungsmittel von etwa 1 bis 14 Gewichts-Prozent vor, in besonderen Fällen kann der Gehalt an Weichmacher diesen Bereich jedoch ohne Weiteres übersteigen. The amount of plasticizing agent and/or water-soluble tackifier to be used is well known to those skilled in the art. In general, there is a plasticizer and/or tackifier content of about 1 to 14% by weight, but in special cases the plasticizer content can easily exceed this range.
Als wasserlösliche Verklebungsmittel, die bevorzugt auf der Oberfläche der Celluloseacetat-Filamente vorliegen, können insbesondere hochsiedende Lösungsmittel, wie Polyalkylenoxid, wasserlösliche Ester oder Ether, Stärke, Stärkederivate, P-Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylether, P-Polyvinylacetate und/oder Polysaccharide, wasserlösliche Polyamide und Polyacrylate sein, die auf die Einzelfäden des Tow- Materials oder auf das Tow-Material appliziert werden. High-boiling solvents, such as polyalkylene oxide, water-soluble esters or ethers, starch, starch derivatives, P-polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ethers, P-polyvinyl acetates and/or polysaccharides, water-soluble polyamides and polyacrylates be applied to the individual threads of the tow material or to the tow material.
Insbesondere wurde vorliegend erkannt, dass auch die Restkräuselung (RS) des Tow-Materials des Filterkörpers und die Dichte ( ) des Filterkörpers einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Performance des Filterelements hat. Vorzugsweise beträgt dabei ein restkräuselungsbezogener Dichtwert A mindestens 0,016 mg2 x mm6 mit: In particular, it was recognized here that the residual crimp (RS) of the tow material of the filter body and the density ( ) of the filter body also have a decisive influence on the performance of the filter element. A residual crimp-related density value A is preferably at least 0.016 mg 2 x mm 6 with:
A = p2 * RS . A = p 2 * RS .
Dabei sollte insbesondere die Restkräuselung (RS) des Tow-Materials des Filterkörpers den Wert von 1,7 und insbesondere den Wert von 1,45 nicht übersteigen, wobei die Restkräuselung (RS) des Tow-Materials vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 1,05 und etwa 1,4 und insbesondere zwischen 1,1 und 1,3 liegt. In particular, the residual crimp (RS) of the tow material of the filter body should not exceed the value of 1.7 and in particular the value of 1.45, with the residual crimp (RS) of the tow material preferably being between about 1.05 and about 1 .4 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.3.
Die Restkräuselung versteht sich dabei als das Verhältnis der Länge der endkräu- selten Celluloseacetat-Filamente zur Filterelementlänge. Die Restkräuselung ist für ein gegebenes Filterelement ein charakteristisches Merkmal. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung kommt es darauf an, ein Tow-Material zur Herstellung eines Filterelements für Mundstücke zur Verwendung mit Rauchwaren oder HNB-Produkten anzugeben, wobei das Tow-Material dahingehend optimiert ist, dass die aus dem Tow-Material hergestellten Filterelemente eine möglichst gleichmäßige Performance insbesondere im Hinblick auf Filtrationsleistung und Filterhärte aufweisen. The residual crimp is the ratio of the length of the end-crimp cellulose acetate filaments to the length of the filter element. Residual crimp is a characteristic of a given filter element. According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is important to specify a tow material for manufacturing a filter element for mouthpieces for use with smoking articles or HNB products, the tow material being optimized in such a way that the filter elements made from the tow material have a performance that is as uniform as possible, especially with regard to filtration performance and filter hardness.
In diesem Zusammenhang wurde festgestellt, dass es hierbei insbesondere auch darauf ankommt, dass die Celluloseacetat-Filamente des Tow-Materials einen insbesondere vorab festgelegten oder festlegbaren einheitlichen Filament -Titer aufweisen. Dieser vorab festgelegte oder festlegbare einheitliche Filament -Titer liegt insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 8 Denier und 30 Denier und vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 9 Denier und 30 Denier und noch bevorzugter zwischen 10 Denier und 20 Denier. In this context, it was found that it is particularly important that the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow material have a uniform filament titer that is in particular predetermined or can be determined. More preferably, this predetermined or determinable uniform filament denier is in a range between 8 denier and 30 denier, and preferably in a range between 9 denier and 30 denier, and more preferably between 10 denier and 20 denier.
Um eine gleichmäßige Performance des aus dem Tow-Material hergestellten Filterelements insbesondere in Bezug auf Filtrationsleistung und Filterhärte zu erreichen, sollte ein Variationskoeffizient des einheitlichen Filament-Titers bei maximal 0,1 und vorzugsweise bei maximal 0,05 bis maximal 0,01 liegen. In order to achieve a uniform performance of the filter element made from the tow material, in particular with regard to filtration performance and filter hardness, a coefficient of variation of the uniform filament titer should be no more than 0.1 and preferably no more than 0.05 to no more than 0.01.
Der Variationskoeffizient des einheitlichen Filament-Titers, der auch als Abweichungskoeffizient bezeichnet werden kann, ist eine statistische Kenngröße und beschreibt - im Gegensatz zur Varianz - ein relatives Streuungsmaß, das heißt er hängt nicht von der Maßeinheit der statistischen Variable bzw. Zufallsvariablen ab. The coefficient of variation of the uniform filament titer, which can also be referred to as the deviation coefficient, is a statistical parameter and describes - in contrast to the variance - a relative measure of scatter, i.e. it does not depend on the unit of measurement of the statistical variable or random variable.
Mit anderen Worten, bei der Herstellung des Tow-Materials wird Sorge getragen, dass die Einzelnen von den jeweiligen Spinndüsen der eingesetzten Spinnmaschine hergestellten Filamente einen einheitlichen Filament-Titer aufweisen. In other words, when producing the tow material, care is taken that the individual filaments produced by the respective spinnerets of the spinning machine used have a uniform filament titre.
Dies ist in der Praxis dadurch realisierbar, dass jeder Spinndüse eine eigene insbesondere frequenzgesteuerte Spinnpumpe zugeordnet ist, um sicherzustellen, dass jeder Spinndüse der Spinnmaschine die Spinnflüssigkeit (Lösung von ca. 30% Cellulose-2,5-Acetat in Aceton) derart zugeführt wird, dass ein einheitlicher Düsendruck und eine einheitliche Menge an pro Zeiteinheit von jeder Spinndüse abgegebenen Menge an Spinnflüssigkeit realisierbar ist. Mit dieser einfach zu realisierenden aber dennoch effektiven Weise i st es möglich, einen insbesondere vorab festgelegten oder festlegbaren einheitlichen Filament- Titer zu realisieren. Alternativ oder zusätzlich hierzu ist es bevorzugt, dass die aus den Celluloseacetat-Filamenten gebildeten Einzelfäden des Tow-Materials einen vorab festgelegten oder festlegbaren und vorzugsweise einheitlichen Faden -Titer von mindestens 200 Denier und maximal 4.000 Denier und vorzugsweise von mindestens 250 Denier und maximal 2.500 Denier aufweisen, wobei hier ein Variationskoeffizient des einheitlichen Faden-Titers vorzugsweise bei maximal 0,1 und insbesondere bei maximal 0,05 bis maximal 0,01 liegt. In practice, this can be achieved by assigning each spinneret its own, in particular frequency-controlled, spinning pump to ensure that each spinneret of the spinning machine is supplied with the spinning liquid (solution of approx. 30% cellulose-2,5-acetate in acetone) in such a way that that a uniform nozzle pressure and a uniform amount of spinning liquid delivered per unit time by each spinneret can be realized. With this easy-to-implement but nevertheless effective method, it is possible to implement a uniform filament titer that is or can be specified in advance. Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred that the individual threads of the tow material formed from the cellulose acetate filaments have a predetermined or definable and preferably uniform thread count of at least 200 denier and a maximum of 4,000 denier and preferably of at least 250 denier and a maximum of 2,500 denier have, in which case a coefficient of variation of the uniform thread titer is preferably at most 0.1 and in particular at most 0.05 to at most 0.01.
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DE102021125415.9A DE102021125415A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | MOUTHPIECE FILTER ELEMENT FOR USE WITH SMOKING OR HNB PRODUCTS |
PCT/EP2022/076174 WO2023052214A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-21 | Filter element for mouthpieces for use in smoking products or hnb products |
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AU6214080A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1981-01-08 | Celanese Corporation | Filter material |
JP3231074B2 (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 2001-11-19 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Cellulose acetate fiber with large surface area and method for producing the same |
DE19951062C2 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2002-04-04 | Rhodia Acetow Gmbh | A high performance cigarette filter |
DE102004048651A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-13 | Rhodia Acetow Gmbh | Tobacco smoke filters or filter elements containing additives |
JP5623875B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2014-11-12 | 株式会社ダイセル | COMPOSITE PARTICLE, TOBACCO FILTER, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND TOBACCO |
DE102017101825A1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-02 | Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method and apparatus for monitoring and manufacturing a filter string of the tobacco processing industry |
DE102019135114A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | Cerdia International GmbH | FILTER AND / OR FILLING MATERIAL FOR MOUTHPIECES FOR USE WITH SMOKED PRODUCTS OR HNB PRODUCTS, MOUTHPIECES AND CIGARETTE FILTERS WITH SUCH FILTER AND / OR FILLING MATERIAL, AS WELL AS PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SUCH FILTER AND / OR FILTER |
CN115915977A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2023-04-04 | 醋酸纤维国际有限责任公司 | Medium dpf and total denier cellulose acetate tow |
-
2021
- 2021-09-30 DE DE102021125415.9A patent/DE102021125415A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-21 EP EP22786028.5A patent/EP4408205A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-21 US US18/697,202 patent/US20250040593A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-21 JP JP2024519631A patent/JP2024536234A/en active Pending
- 2022-09-21 WO PCT/EP2022/076174 patent/WO2023052214A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-09-21 KR KR1020247013987A patent/KR20240074821A/en active Pending
- 2022-09-21 CN CN202280066036.2A patent/CN118368996A/en active Pending
- 2022-09-30 AR ARP220102647A patent/AR127204A1/en unknown
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US20250040593A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
CN118368996A (en) | 2024-07-19 |
AR127204A1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
WO2023052214A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
JP2024536234A (en) | 2024-10-04 |
KR20240074821A (en) | 2024-05-28 |
DE102021125415A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
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