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EP4402100A1 - Dispositif de synthèse d'ammoniac - Google Patents

Dispositif de synthèse d'ammoniac

Info

Publication number
EP4402100A1
EP4402100A1 EP22768869.4A EP22768869A EP4402100A1 EP 4402100 A1 EP4402100 A1 EP 4402100A1 EP 22768869 A EP22768869 A EP 22768869A EP 4402100 A1 EP4402100 A1 EP 4402100A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
converter
heat exchanger
electric heater
ammonia
ammonia plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22768869.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Evgeni Gorval
Bernd Mielke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE20215727A external-priority patent/BE1029758B1/de
Priority claimed from DE102021210249.2A external-priority patent/DE102021210249A1/de
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Publication of EP4402100A1 publication Critical patent/EP4402100A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0488—Processes integrated with preparations of other compounds, e.g. methanol, urea or with processes for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0244—Heating of fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for synthesizing ammonia (ammonia synthesizing device; ammonia plant).
  • hydrogen is mainly produced from natural gas for ammonia synthesis via steam reforming and a water-gas shift reaction. Since methane (CH4) is converted into hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), this leads to significant carbon dioxide emissions. In order to reduce this, hydrogen from other sources is increasingly being used, for example the electrolysis of water using electricity generated from renewable sources. However, this leads to further changes in the overall process, since natural gas is no longer available as a fuel gas source and the comparatively high combustion temperatures in the overall process are no longer available. This applies, for example and in particular, to the start-up of the device, in which case the educt gases first have to be brought to a temperature required for the ammonia synthesis before the overall process can be maintained by the exothermic reaction.
  • a small ammonia plant is known from US 2004/0219088 A1.
  • a device for heating a catalytic converter is known from US 2002/0098129 A1.
  • a hydrogen-generating device is known from US 2002/0090329 A1.
  • saturated water vapor is produced, for example at 330 °C at around 130 bar, which can only be used to a limited extent. So far, this saturated steam with the help of the combustion of natural gas, for example, in the use of waste heat Steam reforming, superheated to about 535 °C and can then be used, for example, to generate electricity or to drive the turbines of the compressors.
  • the object of the invention is to solve the technical challenges arising from the elimination of steam reforming.
  • the ammonia plant according to the invention has a converter, a first heat exchanger and a separation device (separation device).
  • a separation device separation device
  • hydrogen and nitrogen are converted into ammonia.
  • the ammonia synthesis product gas also contains the educts hydrogen and nitrogen in addition to the product ammonia.
  • the converter and the first heat exchanger are connected to one another via a product gas connection in such a way that the ammonia synthesis product gas is routed from the converter via the first heat exchanger to the separation device.
  • the ammonia product is at least partially separated from the ammonia synthesis product gas, leaving unreacted starting materials and possibly not separated product, ie a hydrogen-nitrogen-ammonia mixture, which is referred to as cycle gas.
  • the separation device and the converter are connected to one another via an educt gas connection in such a way that the cycle gas is routed from the separation device to the converter. This structure corresponds to the classic cycle within the Haber-Bosch process.
  • the ammonia plant has a hydrogen supply connected to a hydrogen source.
  • the hydrogen supply can be connected to a hydrogen supply network, for example.
  • the hydrogen supply can be connected to a water electrolysis device (water electrolysis).
  • the ammonia plant preferably also has an air separation device (air separation), the nitrogen from the air separation device is mixed with the hydrogen from the hydrogen feed before the gas mixture is compressed, heated and finally converted into ammonia in the converter.
  • the hydrogen supply is connected to the converter via a second heat exchanger.
  • the ammonia synthesis product gas is brought to the temperature of about 350 °C to 400 °C required for the reaction by the second heat exchanger.
  • the ammonia plant has an electric heater, the first electric heater.
  • the ammonia plant also has a steam turbine, for example to generate electricity or to drive the compressors.
  • the first electric heater can be connected to the converter or the steam turbine.
  • Connectable means that the first electric heater is connected to the converter during start-up and that the first electric heater is connected to the steam turbine during continuous control operation.
  • the ammonia plant is set up in particular for the first electric heater to be connected to the converter during start-up and to be connected to the steam turbine during continuous control operation.
  • the property "connectable” is thus preferably realized by valves, so that the first electric heater optionally
  • a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture (with an increasing proportion of ammonia during start-up) can be fed from the second heat exchanger, can be heated there and then fed to the converter, or - Steam can be supplied from the first heat exchanger during regular operation, can be superheated there and can then be routed to the steam turbine.
  • an ammonia plant according to the invention can also have further electric heaters.
  • the first heat exchanger can also be constructed in a cascaded manner, that is to say it can consist, for example, of a first heat exchanger and a further first heat exchanger.
  • the first heat exchanger can be connected to the first electric heater in such a way that the water vapor generated in the first heat exchanger is fed into the first electric heater.
  • the second heat exchanger is connected to the converter in such a way that the educt gas stream is routed from the second heat exchanger in a switchable manner directly or via the first electric heater into the converter.
  • the steam turbine is connected to a generator to generate electricity.
  • the steam turbine is connected to a compressor.
  • the invention relates to a method for starting up and operating an ammonia plant according to the invention.
  • the first electric heater heats the educt stream flowing into the converter.
  • the first electric heater superheats steam from the first heat exchanger and the superheated steam is routed to the steam turbine.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic representation of an ammonia plant
  • Fig. 1 an ammonia plant according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • Hydrogen is supplied from a hydrogen supply 60, for example the hydrogen supply 60 can be fed from a hydrogen network or from a water electrolysis device.
  • Nitrogen is required as the second educt, which is provided by means of an air separation device 110 .
  • These educts are fed together into a second heat exchanger 80 and heated there by the product gas stream coming from the converter 10 . From this point, the management differs between start-up and regular operation.
  • the first valve 120 is closed and the second valve 130 is open.
  • the educt gas stream heated to the reaction temperature by the second heat exchanger 80 is fed directly to the converter 10 via an educt gas connection 50 .
  • the educt gas flow passes through the opened second valve 130, the first valve 120 is closed.
  • hydrogen and nitrogen are converted into ammonia, with the gas mixture being heated.
  • the product gas stream is first conducted via a product gas connection 40 from the converter 10 into a first heat exchanger 20 and gives off part of the heat generated during the reaction here.
  • the product gas stream is then passed from the first heat exchanger 20 into the second heat exchanger 80, where it gives off further heat to the reactant gas stream.
  • the product gas stream is then passed into the separation device 30 where the product ammonia is separated.
  • Further heat exchangers can be arranged upstream of the separation device 30 in order to further cool the gas mixture for better separation.
  • the gas mixture which mainly comprises hydrogen and nitrogen and possibly ammonia, is circulated back, for which purpose the separating device 30 is connected to the second heat exchanger 80 .
  • the gas streams from the separation device 30 are upstream of the second heat exchanger 80 with the hydrogen from the hydrogen supply 60 and the nitrogen from the Air separation device 110 combined.
  • these two gas streams can each be compressed individually by two compressors, preferably before they are combined, in order to achieve the pressure required for the Haber-Bosch process.
  • the reactants, the hydrogen from the hydrogen feed 60 and the nitrogen from the air separation device 110, can be routed directly to or immediately before the separation device 30 for combining with the product stream. This is particularly preferred when the reactant streams have the residual water and this is washed out in the separation device 30 together with the ammonia that has been separated off.
  • the steam generated in the first heat exchanger 20 (saturated steam with a temperature of 330 °C and a pressure of about 130 bar, for example) is passed through the opened third valve 140 into the first electric heater 70, from there for example about 330°C to for example 500°C to 550°C.
  • the fourth valve 150 is closed, the steam is guided via the open fifth valve 160 to the steam turbine 90, which drives a generator 100 in the example shown.
  • this can also drive a compressor or several compressors.
  • the third valve 140 and the fifth valve 160 are closed, and no steam is routed to the steam turbine 90 .
  • the second valve 130 is also closed, but the first valve 120 and the fourth valve 150 are open.
  • the educts from the hydrogen supply 60 and the air separation device 110 are now first fed via the second heat exchanger 80 into the first electric heater 70 , heated there and fed from there into the converter 10 . This process is carried out until the converter 10 is sufficiently hot for the reaction to take place to a sufficient extent and generate sufficient energy itself.
  • the second valve 130 is opened and the first valve 120 and the fourth valve 150 are closed.
  • the third valve 140 and the fifth valve 160 are opened, water or water vapor is introduced into the first heat exchanger 20, there heated to, for example, 330 °C, then fed into the first electric heater 70, heated there, for example, to 525 °C and fed from there to the steam turbine 90, which in turn uses the energy to drive the generator 100 and generate electricity, which is partly used for the first electric heater 70 is needed.
  • the steam turbine 90 can also drive a compressor or several compressors.
  • the first valve 120 and/or the third valve 140 can be designed as a three-way valve, with the third connection being able to be connected to the air separation device 110, for example, in order to introduce nitrogen as flushing fluid.
  • the fourth valve 150 and/or the fifth valve 160 can also be designed as a three-way valve, with the third connection being connected to a pump, for example, in order to rapidly increase the volume of gas in the first electric heater 70 to remove.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'ammoniac comprenant un convertisseur (10), un premier échangeur de chaleur (20) et un dispositif de séparation (30). Le convertisseur (10) et le premier échangeur de chaleur (20) sont reliés l'un à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison de gaz produit (40), de sorte que le gaz produit de synthèse d'ammoniac soit conduit hors du convertisseur (10) vers le dispositif de séparation (30) par l'intermédiaire du premier échangeur de chaleur (20) ; le dispositif de séparation (30) et le convertisseur (10) sont reliés l'un à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison de gaz réactif (50), de sorte que le gaz de circuit soit conduit du dispositif de séparation (30) au convertisseur (10) ; et le système d'ammoniac comporte une alimentation en hydrogène (60), ladite alimentation (60) étant reliée au convertisseur (10) par l'intermédiaire d'un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (80). L'invention se caractérise en ce que le système d'ammoniac comprend un premier élément chauffant électrique (70), le système d'ammoniac comportant une turbine à vapeur (90), et le premier élément chauffant électrique (70) pouvant être relié au convertisseur (10) ou à la turbine à vapeur (90).
EP22768869.4A 2021-09-16 2022-09-15 Dispositif de synthèse d'ammoniac Pending EP4402100A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE20215727A BE1029758B1 (de) 2021-09-16 2021-09-16 Ammoniak-Synthese-Vorrichtung
DE102021210249.2A DE102021210249A1 (de) 2021-09-16 2021-09-16 Ammoniak-Synthese-Vorrichtung
PCT/EP2022/075601 WO2023041619A1 (fr) 2021-09-16 2022-09-15 Dispositif de synthèse d'ammoniac

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4402100A1 true EP4402100A1 (fr) 2024-07-24

Family

ID=83280506

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22768869.4A Pending EP4402100A1 (fr) 2021-09-16 2022-09-15 Dispositif de synthèse d'ammoniac

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US12228036B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4402100A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2022348817A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023041619A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20250026652A1 (en) * 2023-07-20 2025-01-23 ACWA POWER Company Apparatus and method for production of green ammonia using heat exchanger unit

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020090329A1 (en) 2000-08-11 2002-07-11 Marten Ternan Apparatus for a fuel processing system
ES2340760T3 (es) 2000-12-05 2010-06-09 Texaco Development Corporation Procesador compacto de combustible para producir un gas rico en hidrogeno.
US20040219088A1 (en) 2003-04-29 2004-11-04 Harvey Wen Mini ammonia plant
ATE478728T1 (de) 2008-04-30 2010-09-15 Ammonia Casale Sa Startheizgerät für ammoniakreaktoren
WO2010057094A1 (fr) * 2008-11-16 2010-05-20 Gerrish Steven R Systèmes et procédés de production d’hydrogène à partir de substrats de cellulose et/ou de grain pour servir de carburant pour véhicule, pour une utilisation dans la production d’ammoniac anhydre, et pour produire de l’électricité
WO2014127913A2 (fr) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-28 Faramarz Bairamijamal Procédé haute pression de capture de co2, utilisation pour la récupération de chaleur, cycle de puissance, production super efficace d'énergie fossile à base d'hydrogène et conversion de co2 liquide avec de l'eau en gaz de synthèse et oxygène
MX2015014818A (es) * 2013-05-10 2016-03-09 Topsoe Haldor As Tuberia de ventilacion para uso en plantas de amoniaco e hidrogeno.
US10159969B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2018-12-25 Colorado School Of Mines Ammonia synthesis at moderate conditions using hydrogen permeable membrane reactors
WO2019191671A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 XYZ Energy Group, LLC Système et procédé pour la génération de chaleur et d'énergie à l'aide de multiples boucles fermées comprenant une boucle de transfert de chaleur primaire, une boucle de cycle de puissance et une boucle de transfert de chaleur intermédiaire
DE102018006330A1 (de) 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Ammoniak
EP3730456A1 (fr) 2019-04-24 2020-10-28 SABIC Global Technologies B.V. Utilisation d'énergie renouvelable dans la synthèse de l'ammoniac
DE102019218350A1 (de) 2019-11-27 2021-05-27 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Ammoniak

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20240426224A1 (en) 2024-12-26
AU2022348817A1 (en) 2023-12-21
US12228036B2 (en) 2025-02-18
WO2023041619A1 (fr) 2023-03-23

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