EP4077190B1 - Safety brake device for a lift - Google Patents
Safety brake device for a lift Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4077190B1 EP4077190B1 EP20821003.9A EP20821003A EP4077190B1 EP 4077190 B1 EP4077190 B1 EP 4077190B1 EP 20821003 A EP20821003 A EP 20821003A EP 4077190 B1 EP4077190 B1 EP 4077190B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- braking
- guide element
- safety brake
- parallelogram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
- B66B5/22—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of linearly-movable wedges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety gear for an elevator.
- a moving body in particular a cabin
- a type of elevator is used in which the car is held by rope or belt-like support means and is displaced within an elevator shaft by moving the support means using a drive machine.
- a counterweight is usually attached to an opposite end of the suspension means. Cabins and often also counterweights are protected by safety gears against falling into the shaft, as could occur, for example, due to a break in the suspension element or a lack of drive torque from the drive machine.
- An electronically triggered safety gear has the advantage over mechanically triggered safety gears that the relatively complex construction of a mechanical speed limitation system can be dispensed with and that a triggering reason can be recognized quickly by electronic sensors and on any sub-systems of the elevator.
- the electronically triggered safety gears have an energy storage device, such as a spring, in order to be able to apply enough force or energy to trigger the brake if necessary. Therefore, electronically triggered safety gears have to be reset differently than conventional mechanical safety gears, since this energy storage has to be taken into account when resetting.
- the WO 2015 071188 A1 shows a rotatably mounted guide element, which is first pressed against the rail by a spring force when the safety gear is activated, and is then pushed away from the rail again by the jamming brake element.
- the braking element only touches the rail at certain points in the initial braking position, since the braking element rotates together with the guide element. In order to still guarantee safe engagement, an additional activation element is provided.
- a safety gear for an elevator solves the problem.
- the safety gear includes a first braking element, a first guide element, and an adjusting element.
- the first braking element is slidably mounted on the first guide element in a linear bearing.
- the first guide element is movable between a rest position and an initial braking position.
- the actuating element is designed to move the first guide element from the rest position to the initial braking position, in particular for activating the safety gear.
- the first braking element can carry out a braking movement from the braking initial position to a braking position.
- the braking movement returns the first guide element to the rest position.
- the first guide element is guided on a first parallelogram guide.
- an elevator with a traveling body in particular a cabin, solves the problem.
- the traveling body moves essentially vertically along a travel path between different floors. Rails are installed along the travel path.
- the traveling body has a safety gear according to the first aspect of the invention, which can brake the traveling body on the rail.
- the rail in the elevator is arranged in such a way that at least part of the rail is arranged between the braking elements of a safety gear.
- the rail is arranged between the first braking element and a second braking element.
- the safety gear comprises a first guide element, on which a first braking element is linearly guided, which can be driven by an actuating element.
- the safety gear goes through the changing states of rest position, brake initial position and Brake position.
- the states differ due to different positions or positions of the components of the safety gear, in particular due to different positions or positions of the first guide element, the first braking element and the adjusting element.
- the actuating element brings the guide element and the brake element guided on it to the rail if activation of the safety brake is indicated by a signal.
- the safety gear is moved from the rest position to the initial braking position, in which a brake pad of the braking element comes into full contact with the rail.
- the brake pad is designed to be pressed against the rail and a friction surface provided for this purpose is aligned essentially parallel to the rail surface. Due to the contact and a relative movement between the rail and the braking element, a frictional force develops between the braking element and the rail, with the braking force further displacing the braking element into the braking position.
- the parallelogram guide essentially comprises four articulated arms, with each articulated arm having two joints.
- the articulated arms are connected to each other at the joints to form a square.
- the articulated arms opposite each other have the same distance between the joints, so that the square represents a parallelogram.
- the articulated arms are typically designed as pendulum supports, i.e. as a rod or beam, which preferably has the two joints near its two ends.
- the housing or the guide element are also considered an articulated arm if they have two joints that are arranged and in particular spaced apart so that they are suitable as an articulated arm.
- articulated arms are, on the one hand, rods with at least two joints, and on the other hand, for example, the housing, if it includes at least two joints, corresponds to an articulated arm.
- a parallelogram arm is a special articulated arm of the parallelogram guide, which rotates when the parallelogram guide moves. It therefore stands out from the guide elements and the housings, which are attached immovably relative to the housing or are moved parallel.
- the parallelogram arms In the rest position, the parallelogram arms preferably form an angle of less than 45°, or a complementary angle of more than 135°, with the guide element. A movement of the parallelogram guide out of the rest position therefore has a significant movement component normal to a friction surface of the brake pad.
- the braking element is guided on the guide element via a linear bearing.
- the linear bearing serves to guide the braking element along a straight line in the direction of extension of the linear bearing.
- the linear bearing can be installed as a separate construction element between the braking element and the guide element, or the guide element and the braking element are designed in the contact area in such a way that the interaction of the two contact areas results in a linear bearing.
- Guided needle bearings and roller bearings are particularly suitable as linear bearings.
- the linear bearing can also be designed as a sliding surface.
- the direction of extension of the linear bearing is slightly inclined relative to the friction surface of the brake pad, which is advantageously oriented vertically.
- a displacement of the braking element from the initial braking position to the braking position first pushes the guide element back into the rest position and then leads to the rail jamming between the braking elements.
- the guide element In the braking position, which is identical to the rest position for the guide element, the guide element rests against the housing.
- the guide element introduces the normal forces due to braking, which are transmitted from the braking element to the guide element, into the housing.
- the housing is preferably designed in such a way that it counteracts the guide element with a predefined force, thereby ensuring a predefined normal force on the brake pad of the brake element.
- the housing can be designed to be flexible due to its construction, or it has pre-stressed springs, in particular pre-stressed plate spring assemblies, which give way at the predefined force.
- the adjustment from the rest position to the initial braking position of the guide element is caused by the actuating element.
- the actuating element causes a linear or rotary movement, which then occurs directly or via mechanical components such as gears, lever arms, cable pulls, push rods or hydraulic Systems is transferred to the guide element.
- the movement can also be transmitted indirectly, as will be explained below.
- the braking movement is the movement caused by the frictional connection of the braking element to the rail. This means that the relative movement of the rail relative to the braking element moves the braking element and the guide element towards the braking position via frictional forces.
- An advantage of the safety gear is that the actuating element is also brought back into a position that corresponds to the rest position by the braking movement. As a result, any spring that may be present in the actuating element is tensioned again.
- Another advantage of the safety gear is that the parallelogram arms only absorb very small forces.
- the forces that act on the parallelogram arms only serve to hold the guide element and the braking element and possibly to push back the adjusting element.
- the large forces, such as the normal force on the brake element and the resulting frictional force, which arise on the brake element in the braking position, are transmitted directly to the housing by the brake element and the guide element.
- the normal force on the brake element is introduced into the housing via the guide element, as described above.
- the frictional force is transferred from the brake element directly to the housing via the brake stop.
- the parallelogram arms are not involved in either power transmission.
- the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on an adjusting slide.
- a second parallelogram guide guides a second guide element on the adjusting slide.
- the safety gear can have an adjusting slide which is connected to the first guide element and preferably also to the second guide element via a parallelogram guide.
- the adjusting slide can be moved by the adjusting element, which leads to the two guide elements being moved together with their braking elements to the rail.
- the adjusting slide is a first indirect way of transmitting the movement from the adjusting element to the guide element.
- a second braking element is preferably attached to the second guide element. This has the advantage that the safety gear has a braking element guided in a linear bearing on both sides of the rail. Relaxing the elevator, i.e. lifting the moving body out of the catch, is possible with very little effort, as the safety gear slides easily along the linear bearings and the braking elements do not rub on the rail during lifting.
- the adjusting element moves the adjusting slide relative to the housing.
- the adjusting slide is guided on the housing in a third linear bearing.
- the actuating element preferably moves the adjusting slide directly.
- the adjusting element is attached to the housing and moves the guide elements by means of an adjusting mechanism.
- the adjusting element can also be attached to the guide element.
- the adjusting mechanism is connected to the housing.
- the guide elements are preferably also guided in a further guide, which guides the guide elements along a direction perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad.
- the guide elements therefore only have one possible direction of movement, and this is a linear displacement perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad. So essentially they move towards the rail or away from it. Moving the adjusting slide against the braking movement and the additional guidance brings the guide elements closer together.
- the adjusting slide is preferably mounted centrally between the two guide elements.
- the two guide elements can be adjusted synchronously, especially if the adjusting slide is guided centrally between the two guide elements by the third linear bearing. If the adjusting slide is not guided, the guide elements can be elastically connected to the housing so that the braking elements are kept at a sufficient distance from one another and can be adjusted synchronously.
- the safety gear has only a single adjusting slide and a single adjusting element.
- a third linear bearing has the advantage that the power transmission from the adjusting element to the adjusting slide can be made simpler.
- the adjusting slide guided by the third linear bearing also guides the first and second guide elements in a predetermined, preferably vertical, orientation via the first and second parallelogram guides.
- the third linear bearing preferably guides the adjusting slide in a central position along the direction of travel.
- the adjusting slide is held in a vertical orientation by the linear bearing.
- the guide elements are connected to the adjusting slide via the parallelogram guide and are therefore also held in a vertical orientation.
- the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on a housing.
- the actuating element directly moves the first guide element.
- the housing has an area that can be attached to a driving body using fasteners. Holes are preferably provided so that the safety gear can be screwed onto the driving body. In particular, the housing serves to accommodate the components of the safety gear.
- a safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment has a first guide element which is attached to the housing via a parallelogram guide.
- the adjusting element it can be advantageous for the adjusting element to act directly on the guide element.
- the safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment preferably only has a first guide element. Only one fixed braking element is then attached to the opposite side of the rail. So a braking element that is firmly connected to the housing. As a result, this embodiment of the safety gear is less complex to manufacture because it only has a few parts.
- the safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment can have a fixed guide element on the side of the rail opposite the first braking element, which includes a linearly displaceable braking element.
- the guide element is therefore firmly connected to the housing.
- the embodiment of the safety gear is less complex to manufacture and is also very easy to release.
- the actuating element preferably has an actuating element base plate which is firmly connected to the housing of the safety gear and serves to accommodate the components of the actuating element.
- the actuating element includes an adjusting mechanism in order to transmit the movement that the actuating element generates relative to the housing.
- the adjusting mechanism moves the adjusting slide or a guide element.
- a counter bearing stop is designed on the housing for a guide element.
- the housing of the safety gear can accommodate the guide elements and serves as a counter bearing for the guide elements.
- the counter bearing has a counter bearing stop. In the braking position, the guide element is pressed firmly against a counter bearing stop. In the rest position, the guide element preferably lies against the counter bearing stop.
- Two guide elements, each with a braking element, can be mounted in the housing on opposite sides of the rail, so that the rail can be clamped between the braking elements.
- the housing can have a fixed brake element that is firmly mounted on the housing and is mounted opposite the guide element and the brake element assigned to the guide element.
- the housing is designed so that it can absorb the forces that arise in the braking position.
- the housing is designed to be flexible in order to generate the most constant possible normal force on the brake element for brake elements that are worn to varying degrees. This also ensures that the normal force, and thus also the frictional force, remains below a maximum permissible value.
- the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on the second guide element.
- the second guide element can be firmly attached to the housing.
- the advantage of this embodiment is that a guide element guides the braking elements on both sides of the rail. This makes it very easy to lift the safety gear out of the braking position. Since both brake pads slide easily along the respective guide element.
- the parallelogram guide has an actuable parallelogram arm which is connected to the guide element.
- the operable parallelogram arm can be actuated directly by the actuating element.
- the operable parallelogram arm preferably has a further joint via which the adjusting mechanism on the parallelogram arm transmits the movement.
- the transmission of the movement by means of the parallelogram arm is a further indirect transmission of the movement from the actuating element to the guide element.
- the actuating element can be activated by an electrical or electronic trigger signal.
- a CAN bus can deliver a data packet, i.e. an electronic signal, to a control unit of the safety brake, whereby the control unit activates a servomotor that causes the movement of the actuating element.
- the servomotor or electromagnet and the control unit are operated with energy from an external or internal power source of the safety gear.
- the application of a voltage or a current to an electrical connection i.e. an electrical signal, can also directly operate a servomotor or an electromagnet.
- the servomotor or electromagnet is supplied with power directly via the electrical connection.
- the actuating element comprises an energy storage, a holding element and an electromagnet.
- the electromagnet holds the holding element against the force of the energy storage device.
- the electrical or electronic trigger signal releases the energy storage.
- the electrical or electronic trigger signal releases the energy storage by switching off the current flow.
- the energy storage is designed as a spring.
- an energy storage device typically a tensioned spring
- the electromagnet Due to the continuous power supply to the safety gear, the electromagnet can attract the holding element and thereby prevent the movement of the energy storage device. As soon as the power supply to the safety gear fails, the magnetic field is reduced and the electromagnet can no longer hold the holding element and the energy storage is released. Releasing the energy storage creates a movement that is transferred to the actuating mechanism.
- the electromagnet is preferably firmly connected to the actuator base plate.
- the holding element with the spring and the adjusting mechanism are movably attached to the actuator base plate.
- the holding element can be firmly connected to the actuator base plate, and the electromagnet with the spring and the actuating mechanism are movably attached to the actuator base plate.
- Spring can be understood as steel springs, elastomer springs or gas pressure springs.
- the springs can be installed as tension springs, compression springs or torsion springs.
- the parallelogram guide has one or the parallelogram arm, which is connected to the guide element.
- An acute first angle, between an extension direction of the parallelogram arm and a perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the brake initial position, is greater than an acute second angle between the direction of the linear bearing on the guide element and a perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the brake initial position.
- the first acute angle is at least 10° larger than the second acute angle.
- the Figs. 1a to 1c show a safety gear 1 according to the first alternative embodiment.
- the safety gear 1 is designed to clamp a rail 6 if necessary and thereby achieve a braking effect.
- the adjusting mechanism 19 which is a partial component of the adjusting element 15, holds the adjusting slide 18.
- the two guide elements 12a, 12b are far apart from one another, so that the brake elements 11a, 11b guided on the guide elements 12a, 12b are off the rail 6 are sufficiently far apart.
- the guide elements 12a, 12b lie on the counter bearing stops 27 the counter bearing 25.
- the counter bearings 25 are part of the housing 13.
- the parallelogram arms 17 connect the two guide elements 12a, 12b with the adjusting slide 18.
- the actuating element 15 is caused by a signal to move the actuating mechanism 19 in the triggering direction 35, and thereby to move the adjusting slide 18 in the direction of the triggering movement 37.
- the guide elements 12 can only move perpendicular to the direction of the triggering movement 37, they move closer to one another and away from the respective counter bearing stop 27.
- the braking elements 11a, 11b are pressed against the rail 6 with a sufficiently large normal force, they move along the guide elements 12a, 12b in the direction of the braking position, as shown in Fig. 1c shown.
- the guide elements 12a, 12b Due to the wedge shape of the guide elements 12a, 12b and the braking elements 11a, 11b, the guide elements 12a, 12b are pushed away from the rail 6.
- the guide elements 12a, 12b are pressed up to the counter bearing stops 27.
- the braking elements 11a, 11b are moved further until they reach the two brake stops 21.
- the housing 13 of the safety brake is designed in such a way that the counter bearing stops 27 give way slightly under the load of the normal forces and thereby a required normal force is kept essentially constant, even if the braking elements 11a, 11b are abraded during the braking process or over several braking processes.
- the braking position is in Fig. 1c shown.
- the advantage of the invention is demonstrated by the fact that the adjusting mechanism 19 and thus also the adjusting element 15 are displaced by the movement from the initial braking position to the braking position. In the braking position, the adjusting mechanism 19 and thus also the adjusting element 15 are again in the same position or position as in the original rest position. In particular, the energy storage in the actuating element 15 is also tensioned again. No further energy supply is necessary to tension the energy storage in the actuating element 15 again.
- Figs. 2a to 2c show a safety gear 1 according to the second alternative embodiment.
- the basic functionality is the same as the first
- control element 15 is not shown. Possible embodiments for a suitable actuating element 15 are in the Figures 3, 4 and 5 shown.
- Fig 2a shows the rest position of the safety gear 1.
- the guide element 12 is moved into the brake initial position by the actuating element, not shown.
- the braking element 11a is pressed against the rail 6 with a sufficiently large normal force, it moves along the guide element 12 in the direction of the braking position.
- the braking element 11a of the safety gear 1 presses so strongly on the rail 6 that the safety gear 1, together with the entire traveling body, shifts laterally until the stationary braking element 41 also touches the rail 6.
- the guide element 12 is moved up to the counter bearing stop 27 of the counter bearing 25.
- the counter bearing 25 is firmly connected to the housing 13.
- the housing 13 of the safety brake is designed in such a way that the counter bearing stop 27 and the fixed braking element 41 give way slightly under the load of the normal forces and thereby a required normal force is kept essentially constant, even if the braking elements 11a, 41 are used during the braking process or over several braking processes were rubbed off.
- the Fig. 2b shows an example of a first angle ⁇ and a second angle ⁇ .
- the force that is transmitted at the linear bearing between guide element 12 and braking element 11 acts perpendicular to the direction of the linear bearing, since the linear bearing is essentially frictionless.
- the fact that the first angle ⁇ is larger than the second angle ⁇ ensures that the force that is transmitted on the linear bearing between the guide element 12 and the brake element 11 presses on the guide element 12 at an angle, so that the force supported by the parallelogram Guide element 12 is pressed back towards the rest position.
- Fig. 3 shows a safety gear 1 according to the second alternative embodiment with a first embodiment of the adjusting element 15.
- the adjusting element acts here an operable parallelogram arm 81.
- the operable parallelogram arm 81 is extended, compared to a usual parallelogram arm 17, which is just long enough to connect the two joints.
- An electromagnet 101 is designed to hold a holding element 102.
- the holding element 102 is placed under tension via a spring 103.
- the spring 103 is therefore a tension spring.
- the power supply to the electromagnet 101 is interrupted as a trigger signal.
- the holding element 102 releases from the electromagnet 101, and the spring 103 moves the guide element 12a into the braking initial position by means of the actuable parallelogram arm 81.
- the guide element 12a is then again in contact with the counter bearing stop 27 of the counter bearing 25.
- the operable parallelogram arm 81 and the holding element 102 are also in the same position as in the original rest position.
- the electromagnet 101 therefore holds the holding element 102 again as soon as it is supplied with power again.
- Fig. 4 shows a safety gear 1 according to the second alternative embodiment with a second embodiment of the adjusting element 15.
- the electromagnet 101 is designed to hold the holding element 102.
- the holding element 102 is designed on the guide element 12.
- the guide element 12 is placed under tension via the spring 103.
- the spring 103 is therefore a tension spring.
- a spring could be attached around the electromagnet 101; such a spring would then act as a compression spring.
- the power supply to the electromagnet 101 is interrupted as a trigger signal.
- the holding element 102 releases from the electromagnet 101, and the spring 103 moves the guide element 12 into the initial braking position. In the braking position, the guide element 12 is then again in contact with the counter bearing stop 27 of the counter bearing 25. As a result, the holding element 102 is also in the same position as in the original rest position.
- the electromagnet 101 therefore holds the holding element 102 again as soon as it is supplied with power again.
- Fig. 5 shows an actuating element 15, which can be easily replaced as a modular component for a safety gear 1 if necessary.
- This actuating element 15 is particularly suitable for use in the safety gear 1 according to the first alternative embodiment as in Figs. 1a to 1c shown.
- This actuating element 15 is also suitable for use in the safety gear 1 according to the second alternative embodiment as in Figs. 2a to 2c shown.
- the electromagnet 101 is designed for this purpose Holding element 102 to hold.
- the electromagnet 101 is attached to the adjusting element 15, and the holding element 102 is movably mounted together with the adjusting mechanism 19.
- the holding element 102 could also be attached to the actuating element 15, and the electromagnet 101 could be movably mounted on the actuating element guide 104 together with the adjusting mechanism 19.
- the guide element 12 is placed under tension via the spring 103.
- the spring 103 is therefore a tension spring.
- the power supply to the electromagnet 101 is interrupted as a trigger signal.
- the holding element 102 releases from the electromagnet 101, and the spring 103 moves the adjusting mechanism 19.
- the adjusting mechanism 19 is moved back again, so that the electromagnet 101 can hold the holding element 102 as soon as it is supplied with power again.
- Fig. 6 shows an elevator 201 with a traveling body 202.
- a drive 204 to which the traveling body 202 is connected to a suspension element 203, the traveling body 202 is displaced along a travel path.
- Rails 6 are attached along the travel path.
- the traveling body is guided on the rail via guide shoes 205.
- the two safety gears 1 are designed to be able to brake the traveling body 202 on the rail 6.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
- Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Fangvorrichtung für einen Aufzug.The present invention relates to a safety gear for an elevator.
In einem Aufzug wird typischerweise ein Fahrkörper, insbesondere eine Kabine, vertikal entlang eines Verfahrwegs zwischen verschiedenen Stockwerken bzw. Niveaus innerhalb eines Bauwerks verlagert. Zumindest in hohen Gebäuden wird dabei ein Aufzugtyp eingesetzt, bei dem die Kabine von seil- oder riemenartigen Tragmitteln gehalten wird und durch Bewegen der Tragmittel mittels einer Antriebsmaschine innerhalb eines Aufzugschachts verlagert wird. Um die von der Antriebsmaschine zu bewegende Last der Kabine zumindest teilweise zu kompensieren, ist an einem entgegengesetzten Ende der Tragmittel meist ein Gegengewicht befestigt. Kabinen und oft auch Gegengewichte sind gegen ein Abstürzen in den Schacht, wie es zum Beispiel aufgrund eines Tragmittelbruchs oder ausbleibenden Antriebsmomentes von der Antriebsmaschine auftreten könnte, durch Fangvorrichtungen geschützt.In an elevator, a moving body, in particular a cabin, is typically displaced vertically along a travel path between different floors or levels within a structure. At least in tall buildings, a type of elevator is used in which the car is held by rope or belt-like support means and is displaced within an elevator shaft by moving the support means using a drive machine. In order to at least partially compensate for the load of the cabin to be moved by the drive machine, a counterweight is usually attached to an opposite end of the suspension means. Cabins and often also counterweights are protected by safety gears against falling into the shaft, as could occur, for example, due to a break in the suspension element or a lack of drive torque from the drive machine.
Solche Fangvorrichtungen sind sicher und schnell auszulösen. Eine elektronisch ausgelöste Fangvorrichtung hat gegenüber den mechanisch ausgelösten Fangvorrichtungen, den Vorteil, dass auf die relativ aufwendige Konstruktion eines mechanischen Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzungssystems verzichtet werden kann und dass ein Auslösegrund durch elektronische Sensoren schnell und an beliebigen Teilsystemen des Aufzugs erkannt werden kann. Typischerweise verfügen die elektronisch auslösbaren Fangvorrichtungen über einen Energiespeicher, wie zum Beispiel eine Feder, um bei Bedarf genügend Kraft oder Energie aufbringen zu können, um die Bremse auszulösen. Daher sind elektronisch auslösbare Fangvorrichtungen anders rückzustellen, als herkömmliche mechanische Fangvorrichtung, da dieser Energiespeicher bei der Rückstellung zu berücksichtigen ist.Such safety gears can be triggered safely and quickly. An electronically triggered safety gear has the advantage over mechanically triggered safety gears that the relatively complex construction of a mechanical speed limitation system can be dispensed with and that a triggering reason can be recognized quickly by electronic sensors and on any sub-systems of the elevator. Typically, the electronically triggered safety gears have an energy storage device, such as a spring, in order to be able to apply enough force or energy to trigger the brake if necessary. Therefore, electronically triggered safety gears have to be reset differently than conventional mechanical safety gears, since this energy storage has to be taken into account when resetting.
Die
Eine Aufgabe kann darin gesehen werden, die Auslösung der Fangvorrichtung sicherer zu gestalten.One task can be seen in making the triggering of the safety gear safer.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung löst eine Fangvorrichtung für einen Aufzug die Aufgabe. Die Fangvorrichtung umfasst ein erstes Bremselement, ein erstes Führungselement, und ein Stellelement. Das erste Bremselement ist am ersten Führungselement in einem Linearlager verschiebbar gelagert. Das erste Führungselement ist zwischen einer Ruheposition und einer Bremsinitialposition bewegbar. Das Stellelement ist dazu ausgelegt, insbesondere zur Aktivierung der Fangvorrichtung, das erste Führungselement von der Ruheposition in die Bremsinitialposition zu bewegen. Das erste Bremselement kann eine Bremsbewegung von der Bremsinitialposition in eine Bremsposition ausführen. Die Bremsbewegung stellt das erste Führungselement in die Ruheposition zurück. Das erste Führungselement ist an einer ersten Parallelogrammführung geführt.According to one aspect of the invention, a safety gear for an elevator solves the problem. The safety gear includes a first braking element, a first guide element, and an adjusting element. The first braking element is slidably mounted on the first guide element in a linear bearing. The first guide element is movable between a rest position and an initial braking position. The actuating element is designed to move the first guide element from the rest position to the initial braking position, in particular for activating the safety gear. The first braking element can carry out a braking movement from the braking initial position to a braking position. The braking movement returns the first guide element to the rest position. The first guide element is guided on a first parallelogram guide.
Gemäss einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung löst ein Aufzug mit einem Fahrkörper, insbesondere einer Kabine, die Aufgabe. Der Fahrkörper verfährt im Wesentlichen vertikal entlang eines Verfahrwegs zwischen verschiedenen Stockwerken. Entlang des Verfahrweges sind Schienen angebracht. Der Fahrkörper weist eine Fangvorrichtung nach dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung auf, die den Fahrkörper an der Schiene bremsen kann.According to a second aspect of the invention, an elevator with a traveling body, in particular a cabin, solves the problem. The traveling body moves essentially vertically along a travel path between different floors. Rails are installed along the travel path. The traveling body has a safety gear according to the first aspect of the invention, which can brake the traveling body on the rail.
Vorzugsweise ist im Aufzug die Schiene so angeordnet, dass zumindest ein Teil der Schiene zwischen den Bremselementen einer Fangvorrichtung angeordnet ist. Insbesondere ist die Schiene zwischen dem ersten Bremselement und einem zweiten Bremselement angeordnet.Preferably, the rail in the elevator is arranged in such a way that at least part of the rail is arranged between the braking elements of a safety gear. In particular, the rail is arranged between the first braking element and a second braking element.
Mögliche Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung können unter anderem und ohne die Erfindung einzuschränken als auf nachfolgend beschriebenen Ideen und Erkenntnissen beruhend angesehen werden.Possible features and advantages of embodiments of the invention may be considered, among other things and without limiting the invention, to be based on the ideas and findings described below.
Verkürzend zusammengefasst umfasst die Fangvorrichtung ein erstes Führungselement, an welchem ein erstes Bremselement linear geführt ist, welches durch ein Stellelement angetrieben werden kann. Während dem Einsatz der Fangvorrichtung durchläuft die Fangvorrichtung die wechselnden Zustände Ruheposition, Bremsinitialposition und Bremsposition auf. Die Zustände unterscheiden sich durch unterschiedliche Lagen oder Stellungen der Komponenten der Fangvorrichtung, insbesondere durch unterschiedliche Lagen oder Stellungen des ersten Führungselementes, des ersten Bremselements und des Stellelements. Das Stellelement stellt das Führungselement und das daran geführte Bremselement an die Schiene zu, falls eine Aktivierung der Fangbremse durch ein Signal angezeigt ist. Dabei wird die Fangvorrichtung von der Ruheposition in die Bremsinitialposition bewegt, in der ein Bremsbelag des Bremselementes vollflächig mit der Schiene in Kontakt kommt. Dabei ist der Bremsbelag dazu ausgestaltet an die Schiene angepresst zu werden und eine dazu vorgesehene Reibfläche ist im Wesentlichen parallel zur Schienenoberfläche ausgerichtet. Durch den Kontakt und eine Relativbewegung zwischen der Schiene und dem Bremselement entwickelt sich eine Reibkraft zwischen dem Bremselement und der Schiene, wobei die Bremskraft das Bremselement in die Bremsposition weiterverschiebt.To summarize briefly, the safety gear comprises a first guide element, on which a first braking element is linearly guided, which can be driven by an actuating element. During use of the safety gear, the safety gear goes through the changing states of rest position, brake initial position and Brake position. The states differ due to different positions or positions of the components of the safety gear, in particular due to different positions or positions of the first guide element, the first braking element and the adjusting element. The actuating element brings the guide element and the brake element guided on it to the rail if activation of the safety brake is indicated by a signal. The safety gear is moved from the rest position to the initial braking position, in which a brake pad of the braking element comes into full contact with the rail. The brake pad is designed to be pressed against the rail and a friction surface provided for this purpose is aligned essentially parallel to the rail surface. Due to the contact and a relative movement between the rail and the braking element, a frictional force develops between the braking element and the rail, with the braking force further displacing the braking element into the braking position.
Der Vorteil, dass die Bremselemente vollflächig mit der Schiene in Kontakt gebracht werden, basiert auf der Verwendung der Parallelogrammführungen, die die Führungselemente immer in derselben Ausrichtung halten. Die Parallelogrammführung umfasst im Wesentlichen vier Gelenkarme, wobei jeder Gelenkarm zwei Gelenke aufweist. Die Gelenkarme sind an den Gelenken so miteinander verbunden, dass sich ein Viereck ergibt. Jeweils die einander gegenüberliegenden Gelenkarme weisen denselben Abstand zwischen den Gelenken auf, so dass das Viereck ein Parallelogramm darstellt. Die Gelenkarme sind typischerweise als Pendelstützen ausgeführt, also als Stab oder Balken, der vorzugsweise in der Nähe seiner beiden Enden die beiden Gelenke aufweist. Das Gehäuse oder das Führungselement gelten aber ebenso als Gelenkarm, falls sie über zwei Gelenke verfügen, die so angeordnet sind und insbesondere beabstandet sind, dass sie sich als Gelenkarm eignen.The advantage that the braking elements are brought into full contact with the rail is based on the use of the parallelogram guides, which always keep the guide elements in the same orientation. The parallelogram guide essentially comprises four articulated arms, with each articulated arm having two joints. The articulated arms are connected to each other at the joints to form a square. The articulated arms opposite each other have the same distance between the joints, so that the square represents a parallelogram. The articulated arms are typically designed as pendulum supports, i.e. as a rod or beam, which preferably has the two joints near its two ends. However, the housing or the guide element are also considered an articulated arm if they have two joints that are arranged and in particular spaced apart so that they are suitable as an articulated arm.
Beispiele für die Gelenkarme sind einerseits Stäbe mit zumindest zwei Gelenken, andererseits zum Beispiel auch das Gehäuse, falls es zumindest zwei Gelenke umfasst, entspricht einem Gelenkarm.Examples of the articulated arms are, on the one hand, rods with at least two joints, and on the other hand, for example, the housing, if it includes at least two joints, corresponds to an articulated arm.
Ein Parallelogramm-Arm ist im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung ein spezieller Gelenkarm der Parallelogrammführung, welcher bei der Bewegung der Parallelogrammführung eine Rotation ausführt. Er hebt sich somit von den Führungselementen und den Gehäusen ab, die sich, relativ zum Gehäuse, unbeweglich befestigt sind oder parallel verschoben werden. Die Parallelogramm-Arme bilden in der Ruhestellung vorzugsweise einen Winkel von weniger als 45°, beziehungsweise einen komplementären Winkel von mehr als 135°, mit dem Führungselement. Eine Bewegung der Parallelogrammführung aus der Ruheposition heraus, weist also eine wesentliche Bewegungskomponente normal zu einer Reibfläche des Bremsbelages auf.In the context of this application, a parallelogram arm is a special articulated arm of the parallelogram guide, which rotates when the parallelogram guide moves. It therefore stands out from the guide elements and the housings, which are attached immovably relative to the housing or are moved parallel. In the rest position, the parallelogram arms preferably form an angle of less than 45°, or a complementary angle of more than 135°, with the guide element. A movement of the parallelogram guide out of the rest position therefore has a significant movement component normal to a friction surface of the brake pad.
Das Bremselement ist am Führungselement über ein Linearlager geführt. Das Linearlager dient der Führung des Bremselementes entlang einer Geraden in der Erstreckungsrichtung des Linearlagers. Das Linearlager kann als eigenes Konstruktionselement zwischen dem Bremselement und dem Führungselement eingebaut sein, oder das Führungselement und das Bremselement sind im Kontaktbereich derart ausgestaltet, dass sich im Zusammenspiel der beiden Kontaktbereiche eine Linearlagerung ergibt. Insbesondere geführte Nadellager und Rollenlager sind als Linearlager gut geeignet. Alternativ kann die Linearlagerung auch als Gleitfläche ausgeführt sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Erstreckungsrichtung des Linearlagers gegenüber der Reibfläche des Bremsbelags, die vorteilhafterweise vertikal ausgerichtet ist, leicht geneigt. Eine Verschiebung des Bremselementes von der Bremsinitialposition in die Bremsposition schiebt zunächst das Führungselement in die Ruheposition zurück, und führt danach zu einem verklemmen der Schiene zwischen den Bremselementen. In der Bremsposition, die für das Führungselement identisch mit der Ruheposition ist, steht das Führungselement an dem Gehäuse an. Die Normalkräfte aufgrund der Bremsung, die vom Bremselement auf das Führungselement übertragen werden, leitet das Führungselement in das Gehäuse ein. Das Gehäuse ist dabei vorzugsweise so ausgestaltet, dass es dem Führungselement mit einer vordefinierten Kraft gegenhält, und dadurch eine vordefinierte Normalkraft am Bremsbelag des Bremselementes sicherstellt. Das Gehäuse kann durch seine Konstruktion nachgiebig ausgelegt sein, oder es weisst vorgespannte Federn, insbesondere vorgespannte Tellerfederpakete, auf, die bei der vordefinierten Kraft nachgeben.The braking element is guided on the guide element via a linear bearing. The linear bearing serves to guide the braking element along a straight line in the direction of extension of the linear bearing. The linear bearing can be installed as a separate construction element between the braking element and the guide element, or the guide element and the braking element are designed in the contact area in such a way that the interaction of the two contact areas results in a linear bearing. Guided needle bearings and roller bearings are particularly suitable as linear bearings. Alternatively, the linear bearing can also be designed as a sliding surface. Advantageously, the direction of extension of the linear bearing is slightly inclined relative to the friction surface of the brake pad, which is advantageously oriented vertically. A displacement of the braking element from the initial braking position to the braking position first pushes the guide element back into the rest position and then leads to the rail jamming between the braking elements. In the braking position, which is identical to the rest position for the guide element, the guide element rests against the housing. The guide element introduces the normal forces due to braking, which are transmitted from the braking element to the guide element, into the housing. The housing is preferably designed in such a way that it counteracts the guide element with a predefined force, thereby ensuring a predefined normal force on the brake pad of the brake element. The housing can be designed to be flexible due to its construction, or it has pre-stressed springs, in particular pre-stressed plate spring assemblies, which give way at the predefined force.
Das Zustellen von der Ruheposition in die Bremsinitialposition des Führungselementes wird durch das Stellelement verursacht. Vorzugsweise verursacht das Stellelement eine lineare oder rotative Bewegung, welche dann direkt oder über mechanische Komponenten wie zum Beispiel, Getriebe, Hebelarme, Seilzüge, Schubstangen oder hydraulische Systeme auf das Führungselement übertragen wird. Die Bewegung kann dabei auch indirekt Übertragung werden, wie weiter unten ausgeführt wird.The adjustment from the rest position to the initial braking position of the guide element is caused by the actuating element. Preferably, the actuating element causes a linear or rotary movement, which then occurs directly or via mechanical components such as gears, lever arms, cable pulls, push rods or hydraulic Systems is transferred to the guide element. The movement can also be transmitted indirectly, as will be explained below.
Die Bremsbewegung ist die Bewegung, die durch den Reibschluss des Bremselementes an die Schiene verursacht wird. Das heisst die relative Bewegung der Schiene relativ zum Bremselement, bewegt über Reibkräfte das Bremselement und das Führungselement hin zur Bremsposition. Ein Vorteil der Fangvorrichtung ist es, dass das Stellelement durch die Bremsbewegung ebenfalls wieder in eine Position gebracht wird, die der Ruheposition entspricht. Dadurch wird also insbesondere auch eine eventuell vorhandene Feder im Stellelement wieder gespannt.The braking movement is the movement caused by the frictional connection of the braking element to the rail. This means that the relative movement of the rail relative to the braking element moves the braking element and the guide element towards the braking position via frictional forces. An advantage of the safety gear is that the actuating element is also brought back into a position that corresponds to the rest position by the braking movement. As a result, any spring that may be present in the actuating element is tensioned again.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Fangvorrichtung ist es, dass die Parallelogramm-Arme nur sehr kleine Kräfte aufnehmen. Die Kräfte, die auf die Parallelogramm-Arme wirken dienen nur dem Halten des Führungselementes und des Bremselementes und eventuell zum Zurückschieben des Stellelementes. Die grossen Kräfte, wie zum Beispiel die Normalkraft am Bremselement und die dadurch entstehende Reibkraft, die in der Bremsposition am Bremselement entstehen, werden vom Bremselement und vom Führungselement direkt auf das Gehäuse übertragen. Die Normalkraft am Bremselement wird, wie oben beschrieben über das Führungselement in das Gehäuse eingeleitet. Die Reibkraft wird über den Bremsanschlag vom Bremselement direkt auf das Gehäuse übertragen. Die Parallelogramm-Arme sind an beiden Kraftübertragungen unbeteiligt.Another advantage of the safety gear is that the parallelogram arms only absorb very small forces. The forces that act on the parallelogram arms only serve to hold the guide element and the braking element and possibly to push back the adjusting element. The large forces, such as the normal force on the brake element and the resulting frictional force, which arise on the brake element in the braking position, are transmitted directly to the housing by the brake element and the guide element. The normal force on the brake element is introduced into the housing via the guide element, as described above. The frictional force is transferred from the brake element directly to the housing via the brake stop. The parallelogram arms are not involved in either power transmission.
Gemäß einer ersten alternativen Ausführungsform führt die erste Parallelogrammführung das erste Führungselement an einem Stellschieber. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform führt eine zweite Parallelogrammführung ein zweites Führungselement an dem Stellschieber.According to a first alternative embodiment, the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on an adjusting slide. According to a preferred embodiment, a second parallelogram guide guides a second guide element on the adjusting slide.
Mit anderen Worten kann die Fangvorrichtung also über einen Stellschieber verfügen, der mit dem ersten Führungselement und vorzugsweise auch mit dem zweiten Führungselement über jeweils eine Parallelogrammführung verbunden ist. Der Stellschieber kann vom Stellelement verschoben werden, was zu einem Zustellen der beiden Führungselemente zusammen mit ihren Bremselementen an die Schiene führt. Der Stellschieber ist eine erste indirekte Art der Übertragung der Bewegung vom Stellelement auf das Führungselement.In other words, the safety gear can have an adjusting slide which is connected to the first guide element and preferably also to the second guide element via a parallelogram guide. The adjusting slide can be moved by the adjusting element, which leads to the two guide elements being moved together with their braking elements to the rail. The adjusting slide is a first indirect way of transmitting the movement from the adjusting element to the guide element.
An dem zweiten Führungselement ist vorzugsweise ein zweites Bremselement angebracht. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Fangvorrichtung auf beiden Seiten der Schiene ein in einem Linearlager geführtes Bremselement aufweist. Ein Entpannen des Aufzuges, also das Herausheben des Fahrkörpers aus dem Fang, ist dadurch unter sehr geringem Kraftaufwand möglich, da die Fangvorrichtung leicht entlang der Linearlager gleitet und die Bremselemente während dem Herausheben nicht an der Schiene reiben.A second braking element is preferably attached to the second guide element. This has the advantage that the safety gear has a braking element guided in a linear bearing on both sides of the rail. Relaxing the elevator, i.e. lifting the moving body out of the catch, is possible with very little effort, as the safety gear slides easily along the linear bearings and the braking elements do not rub on the rail during lifting.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform verschiebt das Stellelement den Stellschieber relativ zum Gehäuse. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Stellschieber am Gehäuse in einem dritten Linearlager geführt.According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting element moves the adjusting slide relative to the housing. According to a preferred embodiment, the adjusting slide is guided on the housing in a third linear bearing.
Das Stellelement bewegt den Stellschieber vorzugsweise direkt. Vorzugsweise ist das Stellelement am Gehäuse befestigt und bewegt mittels einer Stellmechanik die Führungselemente. Alternativ kann das Stellelement auch am Führungselement, befestigt sein. Die Stellmechanik ist in diesem Fall mit dem Gehäuse verbunden. Die Führungselemente sind vorzugsweise zusätzlich zu der Führung durch die Parallelogrammführungen auch noch in einer weiteren Führung geführt, welche die Führungselemente entlang einer Richtung senkrecht zur Reibfläche des Bremsbelages führt. Die Führungselemente weisen also jeweils nur eine mögliche Bewegungsrichtung auf, und diese ist eine lineare Verschiebung senkrecht zur Reibfläche des Bremsbelages. Im Wesentlichen bewegen sie sich also auf die Schiene zu, oder von ihr weg. Das Bewegen des Stellschiebers entgegen der Bremsbewegung und die zusätzliche Führung stellt die Führungselemente näher zusammen. Dadurch wird ein Abstand zwischen der Reibfläche des Bremsbelages und der Schiene überwunden, und der Bremsbelag, und somit das den Bremsbelag umfassende Bremselement, kommt mit der Schiene in Kontakt. Es wird also die Bremsinitialposition erreicht. Vorzugsweise ist der Stellschieber zentral zwischen den beiden Führungselementen angebracht. Dadurch sind die beiden Führungselemente synchron zustellbar, insbesondere falls der Stellschieber zentral zwischen den beiden Führungselementen durch das dritte Linearlager geführt ist. Falls der Stellschieber nicht geführt ist, können die Führungselemente elastisch mit dem Gehäuse verbunden sein, damit die Bremselemente in genügendem Abstand voneinander gehalten werden, und synchron zustellbar sind.The actuating element preferably moves the adjusting slide directly. Preferably, the adjusting element is attached to the housing and moves the guide elements by means of an adjusting mechanism. Alternatively, the adjusting element can also be attached to the guide element. In this case, the adjusting mechanism is connected to the housing. In addition to the guidance through the parallelogram guides, the guide elements are preferably also guided in a further guide, which guides the guide elements along a direction perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad. The guide elements therefore only have one possible direction of movement, and this is a linear displacement perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad. So essentially they move towards the rail or away from it. Moving the adjusting slide against the braking movement and the additional guidance brings the guide elements closer together. This overcomes a distance between the friction surface of the brake lining and the rail, and the brake lining, and thus the braking element comprising the brake lining, comes into contact with the rail. The initial brake position is therefore reached. The adjusting slide is preferably mounted centrally between the two guide elements. As a result, the two guide elements can be adjusted synchronously, especially if the adjusting slide is guided centrally between the two guide elements by the third linear bearing. If the adjusting slide is not guided, the guide elements can be elastically connected to the housing so that the braking elements are kept at a sufficient distance from one another and can be adjusted synchronously.
Vorzugsweise weist die Fangvorrichtung nur einen einzigen Stellschieber und ein einziges Stellelement auf.Preferably, the safety gear has only a single adjusting slide and a single adjusting element.
Die Verwendung eines dritten Linearlagers hat den Vorteil, dass die Kraftübertragung vom Stellelement zum Stellschieber einfacher gestaltet werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass der durch das dritte Linearlager geführte Stellschieber über die erste und zweite Parallelogrammführung auch das erste und das zweite Führungselement in einer vorgegebenen, vorzugsweise vertikalen, Ausrichtung führt.The use of a third linear bearing has the advantage that the power transmission from the adjusting element to the adjusting slide can be made simpler. A further advantage is that the adjusting slide guided by the third linear bearing also guides the first and second guide elements in a predetermined, preferably vertical, orientation via the first and second parallelogram guides.
Das dritte Linearlager führt den Stellschieber vorzugsweise in einer zentralen Position entlang der Fahrtrichtung. Der Stellschieber wird durch das Linearlager in einer vertikalen Ausrichtung gehalten. Die Führungselemente sind über die Parallelogrammführung mit dem Stellschieber verbunden, und sind daher ebenfalls in einer vertikalen Ausrichtung gehalten.The third linear bearing preferably guides the adjusting slide in a central position along the direction of travel. The adjusting slide is held in a vertical orientation by the linear bearing. The guide elements are connected to the adjusting slide via the parallelogram guide and are therefore also held in a vertical orientation.
Gemäß einer zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform führt die erste Parallelogrammführung das erste Führungselement an einem Gehäuse. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bewegt das Stellelement direkt das erste Führungselement.According to a second alternative embodiment, the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on a housing. According to a preferred embodiment, the actuating element directly moves the first guide element.
Das Gehäuse weist einen Bereich auf, der mittels Befestigungsmitteln an einem Fahrkörper befestigt werden kann. Dabei sind vorzugsweise Bohrungen vorgesehen, damit die Fangvorrichtung am Fahrkörper angeschraubt werden kann. Insbesondere dient das Gehäuse der Aufnahme der Komponenten der Fangvorrichtung.The housing has an area that can be attached to a driving body using fasteners. Holes are preferably provided so that the safety gear can be screwed onto the driving body. In particular, the housing serves to accommodate the components of the safety gear.
Mit anderen Worten weist eine Fangvorrichtung nach der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform ein erstes Führungselement auf, das über eine Parallelogrammführung am Gehäuse befestigt ist. In dieser Konfiguration kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass das Stellelement direkt auf das Führungselement wirkt.In other words, a safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment has a first guide element which is attached to the housing via a parallelogram guide. In this configuration, it can be advantageous for the adjusting element to act directly on the guide element.
Die Fangvorrichtung gemäss der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform weist vorzugsweise nur ein erstes Führungselement auf. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Schiene ist dann nur ein feststehendes Bremselement angebracht. Also ein Bremselement das fest mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist. Dadurch ist diese Ausführungsform der Fangvorrichtung weniger aufwendig in der Herstellung, da sie nur wenige Teile aufweist.The safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment preferably only has a first guide element. Only one fixed braking element is then attached to the opposite side of the rail. So a braking element that is firmly connected to the housing. As a result, this embodiment of the safety gear is less complex to manufacture because it only has a few parts.
Alternativ kann die Fangvorrichtung gemäss der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform auf der dem ersten Bremselement gegenüberliegenden Seite der Schiene ein feststehendes Führungselement aufweisen, welches ein linear verschiebbares Bremselement umfasst. Das Führungselement ist also fest mit dem Gehäuse verbunden. Die Ausführungsform der Fangvorrichtung ist weniger aufwendig in der Herstellung, und ist zudem noch sehr leicht entpannbar.Alternatively, the safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment can have a fixed guide element on the side of the rail opposite the first braking element, which includes a linearly displaceable braking element. The guide element is therefore firmly connected to the housing. The embodiment of the safety gear is less complex to manufacture and is also very easy to release.
Vorzugsweise weist das Stellelementes eine Stellelementbasisplatte auf, die fest mit dem Gehäuse der Fangvorrichtung verbunden und der Aufnahme der Komponenten des Stellelementes dient. Das Stellelement umfasst eine Stellmechanik um die Bewegung, die das Stellelement relativ zum Gehäuse erzeugt, zu übertragen. Die Stellmechanik bewegt den Stellschieber oder ein Führungselement.The actuating element preferably has an actuating element base plate which is firmly connected to the housing of the safety gear and serves to accommodate the components of the actuating element. The actuating element includes an adjusting mechanism in order to transmit the movement that the actuating element generates relative to the housing. The adjusting mechanism moves the adjusting slide or a guide element.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist für ein Führungselement ein Gegenlageranschlag am Gehäuse ausgestaltet.According to a preferred embodiment, a counter bearing stop is designed on the housing for a guide element.
Das Gehäuse der Fangvorrichtung kann die Führungselemente aufnehmen, und dient den Führungselementen als Gegenlager. Das Gegenlager weist einen Gegenlageranschlag auf. In der Bremsposition ist das Führungselement an einem Gegenlageranschlag fest angepresst. In der Ruheposition ist das Führungselement vorzugsweise am Gegenlageranschlag anliegend. Im Gehäuse können zwei Führungselemente mit jeweils einem Bremselement auf entgegengesetzten Seiten der Schiene angebracht sein, so dass die Schiene zwischen den Bremselementen geklemmt werden kann. Alternativ kann das Gehäuse ein fest am Gehäuse montiertes feststehendes Bremselement aufweisen, das dem Führungselement und dem dem Führungselement zugeordneten Bremselement entgegengesetzt angebracht ist. Das Gehäuse ist so ausgestaltet, dass es die Kräfte, die in der Bremsposition entstehen aufnehmen kann. Zudem ist das Gehäuse nachgiebig ausgestaltet, um für unterschiedlich stark abgenutzte Bremselemente eine möglichst konstante Normalkraft am Bremselement zu erzeugen. Dadurch wird auch sichergestellt, dass die Normalkraft und damit auch die Reibkraft, unter einem maximal zulässigen Wert bleibt.The housing of the safety gear can accommodate the guide elements and serves as a counter bearing for the guide elements. The counter bearing has a counter bearing stop. In the braking position, the guide element is pressed firmly against a counter bearing stop. In the rest position, the guide element preferably lies against the counter bearing stop. Two guide elements, each with a braking element, can be mounted in the housing on opposite sides of the rail, so that the rail can be clamped between the braking elements. Alternatively, the housing can have a fixed brake element that is firmly mounted on the housing and is mounted opposite the guide element and the brake element assigned to the guide element. The housing is designed so that it can absorb the forces that arise in the braking position. In addition, the housing is designed to be flexible in order to generate the most constant possible normal force on the brake element for brake elements that are worn to varying degrees. This also ensures that the normal force, and thus also the frictional force, remains below a maximum permissible value.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform führt die erste Parallelogrammführung das erste Führungselement am zweiten Führungselement.According to a preferred embodiment, the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element on the second guide element.
Das zweite Führungselement kann in dieser Ausfürhungsform fest am Gehäuse angebracht sein. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist, dass auf beiden Seiten der Schiene ein Führungselement die Bremselemente führt. Dadurch ist es sehr leicht die Fangvorrichtung aus der Bremsposition zu heben. Da dabei beide Bremsbeläge leicht entlang des jeweiligen Führungselements gleiten.In this embodiment, the second guide element can be firmly attached to the housing. The advantage of this embodiment is that a guide element guides the braking elements on both sides of the rail. This makes it very easy to lift the safety gear out of the braking position. Since both brake pads slide easily along the respective guide element.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform verfügt die Parallelogrammführung über einen betätigbaren Parallelogramm-Arm, der mit dem Führungselement verbunden ist. Der betätigbare Parallelogramm-Arm ist hierbei direkt durch das Stellelement betätigbar.According to a further embodiment, the parallelogram guide has an actuable parallelogram arm which is connected to the guide element. The operable parallelogram arm can be actuated directly by the actuating element.
Vorzugsweise weist der betätigbare Parallelogramm-Arm ein weiteres Gelenk auf, über das die Stellmechanik am Parallelogramm-Arm die Bewegung überträgt. Die Übertragung der Bewegung mittels des Parallelogramm-Armes ist eine weitere indirekte Übertragung der Bewegung vom Stellelement auf das Führungselement.The operable parallelogram arm preferably has a further joint via which the adjusting mechanism on the parallelogram arm transmits the movement. The transmission of the movement by means of the parallelogram arm is a further indirect transmission of the movement from the actuating element to the guide element.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Stellelement durch ein elektrisches oder elektronisches Auslösesignal aktivierbar.According to a further embodiment, the actuating element can be activated by an electrical or electronic trigger signal.
Dabei kann ein CAN-Bus ein Datenpaket, also ein elektronisches Signal, an eine Steuereinheit der Fangbremse zustellen, wodurch die Steuereinheit einen Stellmotor aktiviert, der die Bewegung des Stellelementes bewirkt. Der Stellmotor oder der Elektromagnet und die Steuereinheit wird in diesem Fall mit Energie aus einer externen oder internen Stromquelle der Fangvorrichtung betrieben. Alternativ kann auch direkt das Anliegen einer Spannung oder eines Stromes an einer elektrischen Verbindung, also ein elektrisches Signal, einen Stellmotor oder einen Elektromagneten betreiben. Der Stellmotor oder der Elektromagnet wird dabei direkt über die elektrische Verbindung mit Strom versorgt.A CAN bus can deliver a data packet, i.e. an electronic signal, to a control unit of the safety brake, whereby the control unit activates a servomotor that causes the movement of the actuating element. In this case, the servomotor or electromagnet and the control unit are operated with energy from an external or internal power source of the safety gear. Alternatively, the application of a voltage or a current to an electrical connection, i.e. an electrical signal, can also directly operate a servomotor or an electromagnet. The servomotor or electromagnet is supplied with power directly via the electrical connection.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das Stellelement einen Energiespeicher, ein Halteelement und einen Elektromagneten. Der Elektromagnet hält in bestromtem Zustand das Halteelement gegen die Kraft des Energiespeichers. Das elektrische oder elektronische Auslösesignal gibt den Energiespeicher frei. Insbesondere gibt das elektrische oder elektronische Auslösesignal durch ein Abschalten des Stromflusses den Energiespeicher frei. Insbesondere ist der Energiespeicher als eine Feder ausgestaltet.According to a further embodiment, the actuating element comprises an energy storage, a holding element and an electromagnet. When energized, the electromagnet holds the holding element against the force of the energy storage device. The electrical or electronic trigger signal releases the energy storage. In particular, the electrical or electronic trigger signal releases the energy storage by switching off the current flow. In particular, the energy storage is designed as a spring.
Mit anderen Worten ist ein Energiespeicher, typischerweise eine gespannte Feder, so durch einen Elektromagneten gehalten, dass er sich nicht bewegt. Durch die andauernde Stromversorgung der Fangvorrichtung kann der Elektromagnet das Halteelement anziehen, und dadurch die Bewegung des Energiespeichers verhindern. Sobald die Stromversorgung der Fangvorrichtung ausfällt, baut sich das Magnetfeld ab und der Elektromagnet kann das Halteelement nicht mehr halten, und der Energiespeicher wird frei gegeben. Durch die Freigabe des Energiespeichers wird eine Bewegung erzeugt, die auf den Stellmechanismus übertragen wird. Vorzugsweise ist der Elektromagnet mit der Stellelementbasisplatte fest verbunden. Das Halteelement mit der Feder und dem Stellmechanismus sind beweglich an der Stellelementbasisplatte angebracht. Alternativ kann das Halteelement mit der Stellelementbasisplatte fest verbunden sein, und der Elektromagnet mit der Feder und dem Stellmechanismus sind beweglich an der Stellelementbasisplatte angebracht.In other words, an energy storage device, typically a tensioned spring, is held so that it does not move by an electromagnet. Due to the continuous power supply to the safety gear, the electromagnet can attract the holding element and thereby prevent the movement of the energy storage device. As soon as the power supply to the safety gear fails, the magnetic field is reduced and the electromagnet can no longer hold the holding element and the energy storage is released. Releasing the energy storage creates a movement that is transferred to the actuating mechanism. The electromagnet is preferably firmly connected to the actuator base plate. The holding element with the spring and the adjusting mechanism are movably attached to the actuator base plate. Alternatively, the holding element can be firmly connected to the actuator base plate, and the electromagnet with the spring and the actuating mechanism are movably attached to the actuator base plate.
Alternative Energiespeicher neben der Feder sind bespielhafterweise, Druckluftspeicher oder Spannmassen. Unter Feder können hierbei Stahlfeder, Elastomerfedern oder auch Gasdruckfedern verstanden werden. Die Federn können dabei als Zugfedern, Druckfedern oder Torsionsfedern eingebaut werden.Alternative energy storage devices in addition to the spring include, for example, compressed air storage or clamping masses. Spring can be understood as steel springs, elastomer springs or gas pressure springs. The springs can be installed as tension springs, compression springs or torsion springs.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform verfügt die Parallelogrammführung über einen oder den Parallelogramm-Arm, der mit dem Führungselement verbunden ist. Ein spitzer erster Winkel, zwischen einer Erstreckungsrichtung des Parallelogramm-Armes und einer senkrechten zur Reibfläche des Bremsbelages in der Bremsinitialposition ist grösser als ein spitzer zweiter Winkel zwischen der Richtung des Linearlagers am Führungselement und einer senkrechten zur Reibfläche des Bremsbelages in der Bremsinitialposition.According to a further embodiment, the parallelogram guide has one or the parallelogram arm, which is connected to the guide element. An acute first angle, between an extension direction of the parallelogram arm and a perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the brake initial position, is greater than an acute second angle between the direction of the linear bearing on the guide element and a perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the brake initial position.
Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass eine Kraft, die das erste Bremselement beim Einrücken mittels der Linearführung auf das erste Führungselement überträgt, die Führungselemente in die Ruheposition verschiebt.This ensures that a force that the first braking element transmits to the first guide element when engaging by means of the linear guide moves the guide elements into the rest position.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der erste spitze Winkel mindestens 10° grösser, als der zweite spitze Winkel.According to a further embodiment, the first acute angle is at least 10° larger than the second acute angle.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen, in welchen gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Die Zeichnungen sind lediglich schematisch und nicht massstabsgetreu.Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the drawings, in which identical or functionally identical elements are provided with identical reference numbers. The drawings are only schematic and not to scale.
Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1a
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der ersten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Ruheposition;
- Fig. 1b
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der ersten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Bremsinitialposition;
- Fig. 1c
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der ersten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Bremsposition;
- Fig. 2a
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Ruheposition;
- Fig. 2b
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Bremsinitialposition;
- Fig. 2c
- eine Fangvorrichtung nach der zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform in der Bremsposition;
- Fig. 3
- eine Fangvorrichtung mit einem betätigbaren Parallelogramm-Arm,
- Fig. 4
- eine Fangvorrichtung mit einem Stellelement, welches Teilweise in den Gegenanschlag integriert ist;
- Fig. 5
- eine Stellelement, als modulare Komponente;
- Fig. 6
- einen Aufzug mit Fangvorrichtungen.
- Fig. 1a
- a safety gear according to the first alternative embodiment in the rest position;
- Fig. 1b
- a safety gear according to the first alternative embodiment in the braking initial position;
- Fig. 1c
- a safety gear according to the first alternative embodiment in the braking position;
- Fig. 2a
- a safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment in the rest position;
- Fig. 2b
- a safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment in the braking initial position;
- Fig. 2c
- a safety gear according to the second alternative embodiment in the braking position;
- Fig. 3
- a safety gear with an operable parallelogram arm,
- Fig. 4
- a safety gear with an adjusting element which is partially integrated into the counter-stop;
- Fig. 5
- an actuator, as a modular component;
- Fig. 6
- an elevator with safety gear.
Die
In der Ruheposition, in
Um die Fangvorrichtung 1 zu aktivieren wird das Stellelement 15 über ein Signal dazu veranlasst, die Stellmechanik 19 in der Auslöserichtung 35 zu verschieben, und dadurch den Stellschieber 18 in Richtung der Auslösebewegung 37 zu verschieben. Dadurch wird die Bremsinitialposition, wie in der
Die Bremsposition ist in
Die
Alternativen Ausführungsform. In den
Die
Abschließend ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass Begriffe wie "aufweisend", "umfassend", etc. keine anderen Elemente oder Schritte ausschließen und Begriffe wie "eine" oder "ein" keine Vielzahl ausschließen. Ferner sei darauf hingewiesen, dass Merkmale oder Schritte, die mit Verweis auf eines der obigen Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben worden sind, im Schutzumfang der beigefügten Ansprüche auch in Kombination mit anderen Merkmalen oder Schritten anderer oben beschriebener Ausführungsbeispiele verwendet werden können. Bezugszeichen in den Ansprüchen sind nicht als Einschränkung anzusehen.Finally, it should be noted that terms such as "comprising", "comprising", etc. do not exclude other elements or steps, and terms such as "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. Further, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above within the scope of the appended claims. Reference symbols in the claims are not to be viewed as a limitation.
Claims (15)
- Safety brake (1) for an elevator, comprising- a first braking element (11a),- a first guide element (12a), and- an actuating element (15),the first braking element (11a) being displaceably mounted in a linear bearing on the first guide element (12a),it being possible to move the first guide element (12a) between a rest position and a braking initial position,the actuating element (15) being designed to move the first guide element (12a) from the rest position into the braking initial position, in particular to activate the safety brake (1), andit being possible for the first braking element (11a) to perform a braking movement from the braking initial position into a braking position, and the braking movement returning the first guide element (12a) into the rest position, characterized in thatthe first guide element (12a) is guided on a first parallelogram guide.
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element (12a) on an actuating slide (18).
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a second parallelogram guide guides a second guide element (12b) on the actuating slide (18).
- Safety brake (1) according to either claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the actuating element (15) displaces the actuating slide (18) relative to the housing (13).
- Safety brake (1) according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the actuating slide (18) on the housing (13) is guided in a third linear bearing.
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element (12a) on a housing (13).
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first parallelogram guide guides the first guide element (12a) on the second guide element (12b).
- Safety brake (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating element (15) directly moves the first guide element (12a).
- Safety brake (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a counter bearing stop (27) is formed on the housing (13) for each guide element (12).
- Safety brake (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parallelogram guide has an operable parallelogram arm (81) which is connected to the guide element (12), and the operable parallelogram arm (81) can be operated directly by the actuating element (15).
- Safety brake (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating element (15) can be activated by an electrical or electronic trigger signal.
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the actuating element (15) comprises an energy storage means, in particular an energy storage means designed as a spring (103), and a holding element (102) and an electromagnet (101), the electromagnet holds the holding element (102) against the force of the energy storage means when energized, and releases the energy storage means by means of the electrical or electronic trigger signal, in particular by switching off the current flow.
- Safety brake (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parallelogram guide has a or the parallelogram arm (17) which is connected to the guide element (12), andan acute first angle (α) between an extension direction of the parallelogram arm (17) and a direction perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the braking initial positionis greater thanan acute second angle (β) between the direction of the linear bearing on the guide element (12) and a direction perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake pad in the braking initial position.
- Safety brake (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the first acute angle (α) is at least 10° greater than the second acute angle (β).
- Elevator comprising a traveling body, in particular a car, the traveling body moving substantially vertically along a travel path between different floors, andrails being attached along the travel path,characterized in thatthe traveling body has a safety brake according to any of claims 1 to 14, which can brake the traveling body on the rail.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP19217111 | 2019-12-17 | ||
PCT/EP2020/085811 WO2021122385A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2020-12-11 | Safety brake for an elevator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4077190A1 EP4077190A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
EP4077190B1 true EP4077190B1 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20821003.9A Active EP4077190B1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2020-12-11 | Safety brake device for a lift |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11840425B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4077190B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023506904A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20220110220A (en) |
CN (1) | CN114829283B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2020405929B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112022011686A2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2967052T3 (en) |
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Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2021099562A1 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | Inventio Ag | Electronic catching device that can be easily reset |
CN117303157A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2023-12-29 | 江苏省方正电梯有限公司 | Elevator anti-falling device |
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US2716467A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | 1955-08-30 | Watson Elevator Company Inc | Elevator car flexible guide clamp safety |
JPH0569042U (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-17 | オーチス エレベータ カンパニー | Elevator governor |
DE19616344C2 (en) * | 1996-04-24 | 1998-11-19 | Karl Fenkl | Controlled safety gear for an elevator |
GB9612136D0 (en) * | 1996-06-10 | 1996-08-14 | Cameron David S | Clamping device |
JP3532349B2 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 2004-05-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator safety equipment |
DE59808516D1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2003-07-03 | Inventio Ag | Safety gear |
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US6425462B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-07-30 | Su The Tran | Gravity-assisted elevator brake/clutch |
ATE465116T1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2010-05-15 | Cobianchi Liftteile Ag | BRAKE DEVICE FOR ELEVATOR |
TW593117B (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2004-06-21 | Inventio Ag | Safety brake and method for unlocking a safety brake |
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EP1849734B1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-09-09 | Inventio Ag | Braking device for an elevator car. |
DE102006062754A1 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2008-04-03 | Wittur Ag | Brake catcher |
RU2493091C2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2013-09-20 | Инвенцио Аг | Drive-in brake for two elevator cabin displacing independently |
JP2012140214A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Malfunction prevention device of emergency stop device |
WO2013045359A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Inventio Ag | Brake device with electromechanical actuation |
ES2597744T3 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2017-01-20 | Inventio Ag | Actuator device for a safety element |
EP3068719B1 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2019-01-02 | Inventio AG | Arresting device for a lift |
CN107848751A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-03-27 | 奥的斯电梯公司 | Elevator safety caliper |
GB2543291A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-19 | Atwell Int Ltd | Clamping device |
US10889468B2 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2021-01-12 | Otis Elevator Company | Electronics safety actuator |
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2020
- 2020-12-11 EP EP20821003.9A patent/EP4077190B1/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 US US17/757,149 patent/US11840425B2/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 KR KR1020227020146A patent/KR20220110220A/en active Pending
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202080087250.7A patent/CN114829283B/en active Active
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- 2020-12-11 WO PCT/EP2020/085811 patent/WO2021122385A1/en unknown
- 2020-12-11 ES ES20821003T patent/ES2967052T3/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 AU AU2020405929A patent/AU2020405929B2/en active Active
- 2020-12-11 BR BR112022011686A patent/BR112022011686A2/en unknown
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AU2020405929B2 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
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US20220356044A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
EP4077190A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
CN114829283B (en) | 2025-04-01 |
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