EP4072293A1 - Traitement d'une infestation par un acarien - Google Patents
Traitement d'une infestation par un acarienInfo
- Publication number
- EP4072293A1 EP4072293A1 EP20845186.4A EP20845186A EP4072293A1 EP 4072293 A1 EP4072293 A1 EP 4072293A1 EP 20845186 A EP20845186 A EP 20845186A EP 4072293 A1 EP4072293 A1 EP 4072293A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- halogen
- formula
- compound
- bees
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
- A01P7/02—Acaricides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4168—1,3-Diazoles having a nitrogen attached in position 2, e.g. clonidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4174—Arylalkylimidazoles, e.g. oxymetazolin, naphazoline, miconazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/433—Thidiazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of an ⁇ -2-adrenergic agonist compound co-me acaricide as well as a method for reducing or preventing a varroa infestation in a hive which consists in exposing a mite to an agonist compound a-2-adrenergic.
- mites Most animals can be infested with mites. This is the case, for example, with domestic animals such as dogs, cats, horses, but also farm animals such as bees, cattle, sheep and poultry. Beyond the inconvenience caused to the animals, the mites can weaken the animal, transmit diseases or even lead to the death of the animal.
- Colony Collapse Disorder is the name given to the phenomenon of abnormal and recurrent mortality observed since the 1990s on honey bee colonies throughout the world.
- This phenomenon have already been put forward, in particular the increase in parasitic diseases, and more particularly those caused by varroa varroa and varroosis.
- This mite parasitizes bees and weakens colonies by reducing their immune defenses and physiological state, and can be a vector of viruses.
- the treatment of this parasite is a major stake for the survival of the colonies and therefore the maintenance of pollination as well as the conservation of their productivity.
- Treatments are currently divided into two categories: chemical and biological compounds, but they are also differentiated by their treatment duration (long or short).
- Long treatments are generally done at the end of the beekeeping season (mid-August) before the fatal peak of varroa mites in August / September and can also be applied in spring as a supplement to limit the summer infestation as much as possible.
- Short treatments must be carried out in the absence of brood (outside the summer season) and are used in addition to a long treatment to increase the effectiveness of the latter.
- Amitraz is a compound of the formula:
- the invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), of a salt thereof or of a composition containing it as an acaricide, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the invention relates to a method for reducing or preventing an infestation by a mite, comprising exposing the mite to a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof or a composition. containing it, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 OR CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the invention relates to a composition suitable for use as a varroacid in bees, said composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, one or more substance (s) attractive (s) for bees, and one or more polymer (s) selected from plastic, rubber, glue, resin and polyholoside fibers, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the invention relates to a strap, preferably suitable for use in beekeeping, comprising (i) a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof, a composition containing it or (ii ) a composition according to the invention, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 OR CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the invention relates to a hive comprising (i) a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof, a composition containing it, (ii) a composition according to the invention, or ( iii) a strap according to the invention, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 OR CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the compound of formula (I) is an ⁇ -2-adrenergic agonist. Its formula is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 OR CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- Y is the following group (IV) or (V):
- the compound of formula (I) is: in which :
- - A is the group (II), X is NH, Y is the group (IV), Z 1 is a halogen, Z 2 is H and Z 3 is a halogen,
- - A is the group (II)
- X is CH 2 or CH-CH 3
- Y is the group (V)
- Z 1 is CH 3
- Z 2 is CH 3 and Z 3 is H, or
- - A is the group (III), X is NH, Y is the group (IV) and Z 4 is a halogen.
- the allogene is chosen from F, Cl or Br.
- the compound of formula (I) is chosen from detomidine (CAS number: 76631-46-4), medetomidine (D) (that is to say dexmedetomidine - number CAS: 113775-47-6), medetomidine (L) (i.e. levomedetomidine - CAS number: 119717-21-4), romifidine (CAS number: 65896-16-4), clonidine (CAS number: 4205-90-7), tizanidine (CAS number: 51322-75-9) or a mixture of two or more of these compounds. It may for example be a racemic mixture, for example the racemic medetomidine (CAS number: 86347-14-0).
- Detomidine is also known under the chemical name of 4 - [(2,3-dimethylphenyl) - methyl] -3H-imidazole. It has the following formula:
- Dexmedetomidine corresponds to the dextrorotatory enantiomer of medetomidine.
- Dexmedetomidine is also known by the chemical name of (S) -4- [1- (2,3-dimethylphenyl) -ethyl] -1H-imidazole. It has the following formula:
- Clonidine is also known under the chemical name of N- (2,6-dichlorophenyl) -4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine. It has the following formula:
- Romifidine is also known under the chemical name of N- (2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl) -4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine. It has the following formula:
- Tizanidine is also known under the chemical name of 4-Chloro-N- (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) -8-thia-7,9-diazabicyclo, nona-2,4 , 6,9-tetraen-5-amine. It has the following formula:
- the compound of formula (I) is dexmedetomidine.
- Dexmedetomidine is a compound of particular interest for use in beekeeping because the Applicant has shown that this compound has varroacid properties without toxicity for bees.
- the compound of formula (I) according to the invention can also be in the form of a salt.
- salt is meant an ionic compound composed of cations and anions forming a neutral product and without net charge.
- a salt which is suitable for the implementation of the invention, namely a salt which is non-toxic for the handler and / or for the bees and / or for the consumption of honey.
- the salt can be chosen from the following salts: hydrochloride, acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulphate / sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxidation pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate
- a salt particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention is a salt of a compound chosen from detomidine, medetomidine (D) (ie dexmedetomidine), medetomidine (L) (ie levomedetomidine), romifidine, clonidine, tizanidine or a mixture of two or more of these compounds.
- the salt is the hydrochloride.
- This may be for example medetomidine hydrochloride (L) (ie levomedetomidine hydrochloride - CAS number: 190000-46-5) and / or medetomidine hydrochloride (D) (eg dexmedetomidine hydrochloride - CAS number: 145108 -58-3 or medetomidine hydrochloride - CAS number: 86347-15-1), clonidine hydrochloride (CAS number: 4205-91-8), tizanidine hydrochloride (CAS number: 64461-82-1), or detomidine hydrochloride (CAS number: 90038-00-9).
- L medetomidine hydrochloride
- D medetomidine hydrochloride
- D medetomidine hydrochloride
- clonidine hydrochloride CAS number: 4205-91-8
- tizanidine hydrochloride CAS number: 64461-82-1
- detomidine hydrochloride CAS number:
- a salt particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention in the field of beekeeping is dexmedetomidine hydrochloride because the Applicant has shown that this compound had varroacid properties without toxicity for bees.
- acaricide denotes a compound having the property of killing mites.
- the compound may have the property of killing mites by paralysis.
- the acaricide can be a “varroacid”, ie a compound having the property of killing varroa mites.
- the mite can be:
- Ixodidae such as Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Rhipicepha / us sanguineus and Boophilus microplus (bovine tick), Dermacentor variabilis, Ambyyomma americanum;
- a mite of the Mesostigmata suborder in particular of the Dermanyssidae family, such as Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry louse) or of the Varroidae family, such as Varroa;
- a mite of the suborder Astigmata (gales)
- the Sarcoptidae family such as Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati
- the Psoroptidae family such as Psoroptes ovis, Chorioptes bovis and Otodectes cynotis; or
- a mite of the suborder Prostigmata in particular of the Demodicidae family, such as Demodex bovis and Demodex canis or of the CheyietieHidae family, such as Cheyletiella yasguri.
- the mite is varroa.
- varroa designates an ectoparasitic bee mite. It parasitizes all stages of its development and affects the health of the bee and then that of the bee colony, especially in a hive.
- varroa is preferably varroa destructor.
- animal in the context of the present invention denotes, for example, dogs, cats, horses, poultry, cattle, sheep, bees.
- bee denotes an insect of the order Hymenoptera and of the genus Apis. There are 4 species of bees: Apis dorsata, Apis fiorea, Apis cerana and Apis meiiifera. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the bee is Apis meiiifera.
- hive denotes a structure housing a colony of bees.
- the interior of the hive is made up of combs formed by hexagonal cells of beeswax. Bees use these cells for food storage (honey and pollen), and for population renewal (eggs, larvae and nymphs).
- the hive is the unit of life built by the beekeeper to accommodate a colony of bees. It is usually a wooden or plastic crate.
- the term "strap" designates a strip made by cutting or by braiding a flexible material.
- the flexible material can, for example, be a plastic, a rubber, a fabric, a resin or polyholoside fibers.
- the thong can come in different shapes. It may for example be a cat collar, a dog collar or a strap used in beekeeping.
- the thong is a thong suitable for use in beekeeping, i.e. a non-circular thong, preferably a flat thong, having a size, rigidity and shape suitable for the thong to fit. slip between the frames of a beehive.
- the invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), of a salt thereof or of a composition containing it as an acaricide, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- - to reduce or prevent an infestation by a mite - to reduce or prevent an infestation by a mite in an animal, for example the animal is a cat, a dog, a horse, a poultry, a bovine, a sheep or a bee,
- the invention relates to a method for reducing or preventing an infestation by a mite, comprising the exposure of varroa to a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof or a composition containing it.
- said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the infestation by a mite can be: - an infestation by a mite in an animal, for example the animal is a cat, a dog, a horse, a poultry, a bovine, a sheep or a bee,
- the mite is varroa.
- the composition of the compound of formula (I) or the composition of the salt of compound of formula (I) contains 0.001 to 200 ⁇ g / ⁇ L of compound of formula (I) or of salt thereof, preferably 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, for example approximately 0.1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 25 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 50 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 75 ⁇ g / ⁇ L or even approximately 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L.
- the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof can be diluted in a solvent.
- the solvent can for example be acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol or methanol.
- the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof may be in the form of a composition. It may be a composition according to the invention, as defined below.
- the compound of formula (I), the salt thereof or the composition containing it can be included in and / or on a strap. It may be a strap according to the invention, as defined below.
- the reduction of the infestation by a mite is a reduction of at least 25%, preferably of at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% , 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the number of living mites attached to an animal.
- a reduction is advantageously obtained less than 24 hours (h) after the treatment, for example less than 12 h, less than 6 h or even less than 3 h after the treatment, for example by implementing the test described in the example part.
- the reduction can be obtained after a few days or even a few weeks.
- the reduction in infestation can be easily measured, for example for varroa infestation of bees, by removing 100 bees from the hive and counting the number of varroa mites attached to them. It is then easy to compare the number of varroa mites attached to bees between a treated hive and an untreated hive or for a hive before treatment versus the same hive after treatment.
- a 50% reduction means that the treated animal carries half the mites of the untreated animal.
- a 100% reduction means that the animal no longer carries a mite.
- the use according to the invention and the implementation of the method according to the invention does not affect the survival of the animal.
- the animal is a bee
- preferably less than 20% of the bees are killed by treating the hive with the compound of formula (I), preferably less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, most preferably none. bee is killed.
- Exposure to the compound can take place by bringing the mite into contact with the compound of formula (I), for example by evaporation, by sublimation, by smoking, by dusting or by vaporization of the compound of formula ( I) or its salt. Exposure of the mite can also take place after ingestion by the animal of the compound of formula (I) or of its salt.
- Exposure can take place to prevent infestation or to treat mite infestation.
- the animal is a bee and the mite is varroa
- exposure to the compound of formula (I), to its salt or to the composition containing it may take place in the spring if the apiary varroa populations are too high, at the beginning of summer for beekeepers wishing to leave the rises to obtain buckwheat or callum honey, or at the end of summer just after the last honey flow (end of July / mid-August).
- the exhibition can also take place in winter.
- the compound of formula (I), its salt or to the composition containing it can be applied to at least part of the animal.
- compound of formula (I), its salt or the composition containing it can be applied to at least part of the hive, for example at the entrance of the hive on a device placed in the hive, for example a strap, directly on the bees or directly on the varroa mites.
- the form in which the compound is applied can be varied, as long as it makes it possible to have the desired varroacid effect, for example in the form of a powder, in the form of a gel, in the form of a polymer, in the form of smoke, in the form of solution, etc.
- the compound of formula (I) is combined, in a composition, with one or more substance (s) attractive to bees.
- Bee attractants are widely described in the literature, for example in patent EP0499510B1.
- attractive substance (s) for bees mention may be made, for example, of geraniol, citral, nerolic acid, lemongrass, farnesol and / or the constituents of royal jelly such as adipic acid, pinelic acid, suberic acid and / or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, and one or more polymer (s) selected from a plastic material, a rubber, a glue, a resin and polyholoside fibers, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the invention relates to a composition suitable for use as a varroacid in bees, said composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, one or more substance (s) attractive to bees, and one or more polymer (s) selected from plastic, rubber, glue, a polyholoside resin and fibers, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the plastic material can be a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA copolymer).
- the resin can be a natural or synthetic resin.
- the polyholoside fibers are cellulose, starch or inulin.
- the composition is advantageously suitable for use as an acaricide, for example for use as an acaricide in animals.
- the composition is suitable for use as a varroacid in bees and said composition further comprises one or more substance (s) attractive to bees.
- Bee attractants are widely described in the literature, for example in patent EP0499510B1.
- the attractive substance (s) for bees mention may be made, for example, of geraniol, citral, nerolic acid, lemongrass, farnesol and / or the constituents of royal jelly such as adipic acid, pinelic acid, suberic acid and / or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. (See the article "Compounds which affect the behavior of the honeybee Apis mellifera - Bee world 69- 1988-104-123).
- composition should contain enough compound of formula (I) or one of its salts to allow the reduction of the infestation by the mite, preferably a reduction of at least 25%, preferably of at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the number of living mites attached to the animal.
- a reduction is advantageously obtained less than 24 hours (h) after the treatment, for example less than 12 hours, less than 6 hours or even less than 3 hours after the treatment.
- such a reduction can be obtained in a hive a few days after the application of the treatment, for example at least one week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, at least 5 weeks, at least 6 weeks after application of the treatment, for example up to 12 weeks after application of the treatment.
- composition of the invention should not be toxic to bees.
- less than 20% of the bees are killed when brought into contact with the composition of the invention, preferably less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, ideally no bees are killed. .
- the concentration of compound of formula (I) or of its salt is therefore suitable for killing mites without being toxic to the animal.
- the composition of the compound of formula (I) or the composition of the salt of the compound of formula (I) contains 0.001 to 200 ⁇ g / ⁇ L of compound of formula (I) or of a salt thereof, preferably of 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, for example approximately 0.1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 25 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 50 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, approximately 75 ⁇ g / ⁇ L or even approximately 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L.
- the invention relates to a strap, preferably suitable for use in beekeeping, comprising (i) a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof, a composition containing it or (ii ) a composition according to the invention, said formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the straps are conventionally used in the veterinary field in acaricide treatments, for example in the form of a collar for dogs or cats.
- the strips are also conventionally used in beekeeping in varroacid treatments.
- Several straps suitable for beekeeping are commercially available (eg APIVAR ® device).
- the acaricidal compound migrates from the inside of the strap to the surface of the latter in order to be in contact with the animal and / or the mite. This is the case for the product APIVAR ® .
- the bees rub against the thong taking care of the compound.
- the compound is then distributed among the bees by contact.
- Varroa mites attached to bees are thus exposed to the compound which causes mite death.
- Varroa mites then detach themselves from the bee. In a hive, the varroa thus unhooked fall to the bottom of the hive.
- the strap of the invention can therefore be adapted for use in beekeeping.
- it has a size, rigidity and shape adapted to be able to slide it into a beehive, that is to say so that the strap can slip between the frames of a hive.
- a suitable shape is a non-circular or non-curved strap, preferably a flat strap.
- a suitable size corresponds to a strap whose width is between 1 cm and 20 cm, preferably from 4 cm to 20 cm and the length is between 5 cm and 50 cm, preferably between 15 cm and 25 cm.
- the thickness of the strap is ideally between 0.5mm and 5mm, preferably it is 1mm to 2mm thick.
- An adapted rigidity corresponds to a rigidity sufficient to break the bridges of beeswax which can form between the frames of a hive.
- the thong can be impregnated or covered with the acaricidal compound, for example by spraying the thong with said compound.
- the strap can also be made from a mixture already comprising the acaricidal compound, for example by extruding this mixture to give it the desired shape or by molding.
- the invention relates to a hive comprising (i) a compound of formula (I), a salt thereof, a composition containing it, (ii) a composition according to the invention, or ( iii) a strap according to the invention, formula (I) is: in which :
- A is chosen from the group (II) or (III):
- X is NH, CH 2 or CH-CH 3 ;
- Y is a 5-bonded heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom
- Z 1 is halogen, H or CH 3 ;
- Z 2 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 3 is halogen, H or CH 3;
- Z 4 is halogen, H or CH 3 .
- the hive comprises a sufficient amount of (i) compound of formula (I), of salt thereof or of a composition containing it, (ii) of composition according to the invention, or (iii) of strap (s) ) according to the invention.
- all or part of the hive is covered with the acaricidal compound, for example by spraying the hive with said compound.
- the hive comprises a bee colony and the bee colony is covered with the acaricidal compound, for example by spraying the colony with said compound.
- the hive comprises one or more straps according to the invention.
- compositions for bees comprising the compound of formula (I) as defined in "Definition of the compound of formula (I)".
- the composition Bee Nutrient can be in various forms, for example as a bee syrup, a sweet paste or a bee protein paste.
- Another object relates to a device for veterinary use, for example in beekeeping, comprising the compound of formula (I) as defined in "Definition of the compound of formula (I)".
- the device may be a strap or a beehive.
- the device can be impregnated or covered with the acaricidal compound, for example by spraying the device with said compound.
- the device can also be manufactured from a mixture already comprising the acaricidal compound, for example by extrusion of this mixture to give it the desired shape or by molding.
- Another subject relates to a compound of formula (I) as defined in "Definition of the compound of formula (I)" for use in the treatment or prevention of an infestation by a mite as defined above in an animal.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram which represents the toxicity of certain solvents towards varroa mites and bees.
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of amitraz (Figure 2A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 2B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of clonidine hydrochloride (Figure 3A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 3B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of detomidine hydrochloride monohydrate (Figure 4A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 4B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Figure 5A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 5B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of romifidine hydrochloride (Figure 6A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 6B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of tizanidine hydrochloride (Figure 7A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 7B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of medetomidine hydrochloride ( Figure 8A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 8B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 9 represents the varroacid effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride by feeding bees.
- the negative control corresponds to bees receiving only pure syrup.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of levmedetomidine hydrochloride (Figure 10A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 10B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule and / or to carry out dilutions or concentrations.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram which measures the varroacid effect of Octopamine (Figure 11A) and its effect on bees ( Figure 11B).
- the negative control corresponds to untreated bees, that is to say bees having received no thoracic deposit.
- the solvent made it possible to dissolve the molecule.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph showing feeding units for breeding ticks.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram representing the percentage of dead ticks according to the different treatments over a period of 7 days.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram which measures the cumulative efficacy of the compounds tested as a function of the treatment time against varroa in bee hives.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram which measures the mortality of adult bees following the application of the test compounds in bee hives.
- Example 1 demonstration of the acaricidal effect of the compound of formula fl) against varroa destructor
- the mites thus recovered were dispatched in boxes (10 mites per box). Two dishes were used to test each compound at the same dose, in order to have data for 20 varroa mites.
- the 10 bees from the same box were transferred to a box containing the 10 varroa mites (cf. “Preparation of varroa mites” above).
- Sugar in liquid format was left in each of the boxes to feed the bees the time of observations.
- the series of boxes was then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. with a humidity of 50% in order to come as close as possible to the conditions of the hive. We make sure that after 5 minutes all the varroa mites are well attached to the bees.
- varroa mites correspond to varroa unhooked from bees.
- Dead bees correspond to bees which no longer move and which are often placed on their thorax.
- the solvents tested had no impact on the viability of bees and varroa mites. They can therefore be used to dilute the compounds tested.
- compositions were applied to the thorax of bees:
- Amitraz 100% of varroa mites were killed and 0% of bees were killed ( Figure 2). As expected, amitraz is very effective in the fight against varroa. Amitraz is a positive control.
- Clonidine hydrochloride the results are presented in FIG. 3. At concentrations of 100 ⁇ g / ⁇ L and 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, the mortality of varroa mites reached 85% for only 10% of the bees killed. Surprisingly, the efficacy of the compound against varroa was particularly clear at the concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L with zero mortality concerning bees and a mortality of 95% concerning varroa. The kinetics of this molecule appeared rather slow compared to the positive control because it showed all its effectiveness after 24 hours.
- Detomidine hydrochloride monohydrate the results are presented in FIG. 4. Detomidine hydrochloride monohydrate has proved to be particularly effective since after 2 h, 40% of the varroa mites were killed without mortality for the bees. After 24 hours, 100% of the varroa mites were killed without mortality for the bees.
- Tizanidine hydrochloride the results are presented in FIG. 7. The product has proved to be very effective at 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ L after 24 h (80% varroa mortality) without toxicity for the bees.
- Medetomidine hydrochloride the results are shown in Figure 8. The product has been found to be very effective.
- Levomedetomidine hydrochloride the results are presented in FIG. 10. The results are similar to those obtained with dexmedetomidine. Varroa mites were therefore sensitive to this compound.
- Example 2 exposure to the compound of formula (I) by feeding
- the syrup was made available to the bees at will in eppendorf tubes of 1.5 ml.
- Example 3 demonstration of the acaricidal effect of compounds according to the invention against Ixodes ricinus
- ticks of Ixodes ricinus were placed for 24 hours on a membrane in supply wells containing blood mixed with the compounds tested.
- Tick mortality number of dead, moribund or unaffected ticks in each well
- membrane attachment number of ticks attached / detached in each well
- behavior presence or absence of contractions
- Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) were collected. The collected adult females were kept separate from the nymphs and both were placed in sterile tubes in a humidity chamber to provide ⁇ 80% humidity and 17 ° C. Only healthy ticks (females / nymphs) were chosen for the experiment.
- Membranes covered with silicone with a thickness of between 110 and 140 ⁇ m were used for the construction of the supply units.
- Feed units (sterilized acrylic glass tubes) were placed in feed wells consisting of sterilized six-well plates.
- Tick mortality number of dead, moribund or unaffected ticks in each well
- attachment number of attached / detached ticks in each well
- behavior presence, absence and intensity of convulsions
- Table 2 mean percentage of adult ticks affected (convulsion, morbidity or death of ticks) after the start of oral exposure to amitraz at 100 ppm. [0161] Detachment of ticks
- Table 3 average percentage of adult ticks attached after the start of exposure to amitraz at 100 ppm.
- Table 4 mean percentage mortality of tick nymphs (moribund or dead nymphs) exposed to SN0305, SN0306 and SN0307 at 1, 10 and 100 ppm, solvent control (0.1% DMSO) or Amitraz at 100 ppm.
- Table 5 mean percentage of mortality of adult ticks (moribund or dead adult ticks) exposed to SN0305, SN0306 and SN0307 at 1, 10 and 100 ppm, solvent (0.1% DMSO) or AMITRAZE at 100 ppm. Survival of adult ticks in amitraz treatment may be caused by early tick detachment.
- Example 4 demonstration of the acaricidal effect of compounds according to the invention against Rhipicephalus sanguineus
- Amitraze Three (3) compounds were tested, as well as a reference compound (Amitraze). For each compound tested and Amitraz, four doses (1000, 100, 10 and 1 ppm) were topically applied to ticks. A negative control (acetone) and an untreated group were included for comparison. The experiments were carried out in triplicate.
- ticks were placed in a clear plastic container, measuring approximately 120mm in diameter and 45mm in height. The ticks were then anesthetized by direct exposure (for 10 seconds) to carbon dioxide. The treatments were then applied to the back (scutum) of each tick, using a Hamilton syringe, at the level of 0.5 ⁇ l of treatment per tick (1 application).
- the treatments at 1000 ppm resulted in 100% mortality for the compounds SN0305, SN0306, SN0307 and amitraz after 7 days of treatment, without statistically significant difference between the compounds.
- the treatments at 100 ppm resulted in mortality of 100%, 93.3%, 50% and 96.7% for the compounds SN0305, SN0306, SN0307 and amitraz respectively after 7 days of treatment. With a significantly higher level of mortality at 7 days for the compounds SN0305, SN0306 and amitraz compared to the compound SN0307.
- the treatments at 10 ppm resulted in a mortality of 93.3%, 66.7%, 23.3% and 46.7% for the compounds SN0305, SN0306, SN0307 and amitraz respectively after 7 days of treatment.
- the compound SN0305 caused significantly more mortality high compared to all other treatments.
- Compound SN0306 resulted in significantly higher mortality compared to SN0307, but not compared to amitraz.
- Example 5 demonstration of the acaricidal effect in a hive and in a brood-free situation of the compound of formula (I) against varroa destructor
- Counts of varroa mites falling on the floor were carried out at regular time intervals in order to quantify the number of dead varroa mites.
- the effectiveness of the treatment was calculated by taking the sum of all the dead mites from D0 to D9 (compounds tested) and dividing it by the sum of all the dead mites from D0 to D16 (compounds tested + treatment of control).
- the bee mortality was also quantified in order to demonstrate a potential toxicity of the compound tested. For this, dead bee traps placed in front of the hives were used.
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PCT/FR2019/053064 WO2021116541A1 (fr) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Traitement d'une infestation par un acarien |
PCT/FR2020/052402 WO2021116631A1 (fr) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-12-11 | Traitement d'une infestation par un acarien |
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FR2672467B1 (fr) | 1991-02-11 | 1993-05-21 | Robert Jean Edouard | Composition acaricide utilisable contre la varroatose des abeilles et dispositif la renfermant. |
EP2053917B1 (fr) * | 2006-08-08 | 2010-03-03 | Intervet International BV | Composition à activité antiparasitaire améliorée |
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US20130210823A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-08-15 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Methods for controlling mites |
WO2012156344A1 (fr) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Procédés pour lutter contre les acariens parasites varroa |
RU2013157901A (ru) * | 2011-06-06 | 2015-07-20 | Джон И. Хаас, Инк. | Композиции и способы борьбы с заражением пчел медоносных паразитическими клещами |
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CN115003159B (zh) | 2024-04-26 |
JP2023506046A (ja) | 2023-02-14 |
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