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EP3950460B1 - Underframe of a vehicle, associated vehicle and assembly method - Google Patents

Underframe of a vehicle, associated vehicle and assembly method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3950460B1
EP3950460B1 EP21189823.4A EP21189823A EP3950460B1 EP 3950460 B1 EP3950460 B1 EP 3950460B1 EP 21189823 A EP21189823 A EP 21189823A EP 3950460 B1 EP3950460 B1 EP 3950460B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floor
panel
longitudinal direction
transverse
floor elements
Prior art date
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Application number
EP21189823.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3950460A1 (en
Inventor
Fabrice BENIZEAU
Cédric Laurencon
Guy RENAUD
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SpeedInnov SAS
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SpeedInnov SAS
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Publication of EP3950460A1 publication Critical patent/EP3950460A1/en
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Publication of EP3950460B1 publication Critical patent/EP3950460B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F1/00—Underframes
    • B61F1/08—Details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle underbody.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising at least one body comprising such a rocker panel, as well as a method of assembling the rocker panel.
  • the invention lies in the field of manufacturing vehicle bodies, in particular railway vehicle car bodies, and more precisely the underbody.
  • a railway vehicle generally comprises several cars mechanically connected to each other and comprising at least one engine provided with vehicle propulsion means.
  • Each car includes a metal body mounted on wheels, generally offset on bogies located under the body.
  • the metal body is formed by assembling a lower body, two side walls and a ceiling, arranged to form a tube structure, and two end closing walls. These elements are generally assembled by welding, in particular by electric arc welding, for example of the MIG type (for Metal Inert Gas , that is to say welding under neutral gas which does not react with the welded metal).
  • MIG type Metal Inert Gas
  • the underbody is also assembled beforehand from several metal parts welded with an electric arc.
  • the structure of the lower body comprises two longitudinal stretchers arranged on either side of the lower body, and a plurality of transverse beams connecting the two stretchers.
  • a sealing floor comprising one or more sheets is then placed under the transverse beams so as to close the lower body and form the floor of the car.
  • This manufacturing process can be improved. In fact, it uses a large number of electric arc welds, which are difficult to automate and require a lot of intervention on the assembly line.
  • welds are carried out using a process by adding material, and the additional mass added to the underbody is not negligible.
  • the floor plates must be dimensioned exactly to the dimensions of the underbody, which leads to low modularity of the process.
  • the document DE 29 08 823 A1 discloses a vehicle underbody comprising two stretchers extending in a longitudinal direction and floor elements arranged between the stretchers.
  • An aim of the invention is therefore to provide a lower body manufactured using a process that is simpler to automate, more modular, and requires a reduced number of complex welds.
  • the subject of the invention is a rocker panel according to claim 1.
  • rocker panel is simple and modular in manufacturing, thanks to floor elements replacing both the transverse beams and the sealing floor and whose installation and assembly are simpler and automatable.
  • the underbody according to the invention has one or more of the characteristics of claims 2 to 6, taken in isolation or in any technically feasible combination.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle according to claim 7.
  • the invention further relates to a method of assembling a rocker panel according to claim 8.
  • the method according to the invention has one or more of the characteristics of claims 9 and 10, taken in isolation or in any technically feasible combination.
  • a rocker panel 10 according to the invention is shown in exploded view on the figure 1 .
  • the lower body 10 is intended to form part of a vehicle body, in particular in combination with two side walls, a ceiling and two transverse end walls.
  • the body base is more particularly intended to form the floor of the car.
  • the vehicle is in particular a railway vehicle comprising several cars each comprising such a body, the bodies being mounted on bogies carrying wheels.
  • the vehicle is a road vehicle, such as for example a bus with one or more bodies, or a utility vehicle.
  • the longitudinal direction X extends according to the direction of travel of the vehicle in normal operation.
  • the elevation direction Z is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X and extends along a height of the vehicle.
  • the transverse direction Y is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X and to the elevation direction Z and extends along the width of the vehicle.
  • substantially equal means “equal” with a margin of error less than or equal to 10% of the nominal value, preferably less than or equal to 5%.
  • the lower body 10 comprises two stretchers 12 and a floor 14 arranged between the stretchers 12.
  • the stretchers 12 have elongated shapes in the longitudinal direction X, and are spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction Y, on either side of the floor 14.
  • the stretchers 12 extend over the entire length of the lower body 10, in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the stretchers 12 have curved profiles in a plane YZ parallel to the transverse direction Y and to the direction of elevation Z, so as to form a junction between the floor 14 extending substantially in a transverse plane XY parallel to the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction Y and a side wall extending substantially in an elevation plane XZ parallel to the longitudinal direction X and to the elevation direction Z.
  • the plane XY is substantially horizontal and the XZ plane is substantially vertical.
  • each stretcher 12 has an upper edge 16 intended to be fixed to one of the side walls of the body, and a lower edge 18 fixed to the floor 14.
  • the floor 14 comprises a plurality of floor elements 20 aligned in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the floor 14 is formed by assembling a plurality of panels 22, each panel 22 comprising a plurality of floor elements 20 assembled in the longitudinal direction X, in particular between three and seven floor elements 20.
  • the floor 14 thus comprises four panels 22, including two panels 22 comprising six floor elements 20 and two panels 22 comprising five floor elements 20.
  • the floor 14 also comprises at least one crosspiece 24 connecting between the stretchers 12, each crosspiece 24 extending in the transverse direction Y along one of the panels 22 to which the crosspiece 24 is fixed.
  • each panel 22 is fixed to two crosspieces 24 which extend on either side of the panel 22 in the longitudinal direction X, so that each panel 22 is separated from neighboring panel(s) 22 by crosspieces 24.
  • the floor 14 further comprises two crosspieces 24 located at its two ends in the longitudinal direction X.
  • a floor element 20 is shown in detail on the figure 2 .
  • the floor elements 20 are all identical to each other, which simplifies their manufacture and the management of parts stocks.
  • Each floor element 20 comprises a substantially rectangular plate 30 and at least one beam 32 elongated in the transverse direction Y, the plate 30 and the beam 32 being integral with each other.
  • the beam 32 and the plate 30 are two parts of the same part and are continuous with each other.
  • Each floor element 20 has in particular a section of constant shape in any elevation plane XZ.
  • the floor elements 20 are manufactured by extrusion through the same die, so as to simultaneously form the plate 30 and the beam 32. This simplifies the manufacture of the floor elements 20 and increases reproducibility.
  • the beam 32 is a structure, in particular metallic, of elongated shape in the transverse direction Y, which has for example a T-shaped section, so as to present good resistance to torsion.
  • the beam 32 has an I, K, Z, or other section.
  • the beam 32 has a height H, measured in the direction of elevation Z, for example between 3 cm and 10 cm.
  • the height H is chosen according to the stiffness desired floor 14, and in some cases may be less than 3 cm or greater than 10 cm.
  • the plate 30 is a flattened structure, in particular metallic, which extends on either side of the beam 32 in a transverse plane XY orthogonal to the direction of elevation Z.
  • the plate 30 extends for example from the foot of the T in the case where the beam 32 has a T-shaped section.
  • the plate 30 has a thickness E, measured in the direction of elevation Z, for example between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the thickness E is chosen according to the desired resistance of the underbody 10, and in certain cases can be less than 1 mm or greater than 10 mm.
  • the plate 30 has a width L, measured in the longitudinal direction X, for example between 50 cm and 150 cm.
  • the width L of the plate 30 is equal to a total width of the floor element 20.
  • the beam 32 and the plate 30 have transverse lengths T, measured in the transverse direction Y, equal to each other, and between 200 cm and 500 cm.
  • the transverse lengths T of the beam 32 and the plate 30 constitute a transverse length of the floor element 20, and therefore of the floor 14.
  • the floor elements 20 are for example made of aluminum alloy. Alternatively, the floor elements 20 are made from another metallic material capable of being shaped by extrusion and welded.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a panel 22 in a section plane XZ parallel to the longitudinal direction X and the elevation direction Z.
  • the floor elements 20 are fixed together by transverse weld beads 34 to form the panels 22.
  • Each transverse weld bead 34 extends between the plates 30 of two adjacent floor elements 20, in the transverse direction Y, over the entire transverse length T of each plate 30.
  • the transverse weld beads 34 are advantageously produced using a friction stir welding process.
  • Friction stir welding is a solid state welding process which consists of joining two parts by bringing them into a paste state using a rotating pin against the edges in contact and in translation along the weld bead to form.
  • transverse weld beads 34 formed by friction stir welding have an external surface 36 that is substantially flat, or even slightly concave, since the process is carried out without the addition of external material. This allows them to be distinguished visually weld beads obtained by a process with material addition, such as MIG type electric arc welding.
  • the transverse welding beads 34 are produced from the top of the panel 22, so that the external surface 36 extends over the top of the panel 22.
  • FIG 4 is a sectional view in a longitudinal plane XZ of two of the panels 22 and one of the crosspieces 24 of the floor 14, the crosspiece 24 being fixed to the two panels 22.
  • the crosspieces 24 are fixed to the panels 22 by intermediate weld beads 38, in particular produced by electric arc welding, for example using a MIG type process.
  • the intermediate weld beads 38 formed by electric arc welding, that is to say with the addition of material, have a curved external surface 40 which allows them to be distinguished from a bead obtained by friction mixing.
  • Each intermediate weld bead 38 is for example produced from below the floor 14.
  • the curved external surface 40 therefore extends over a lower face of the floor 14.
  • the crosspieces 24 increase the rigidity of the floor 14 in the transverse direction Y.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the floor 14 in a transverse plane YZ orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X.
  • the floor 14 is fixed to the stretchers 12 by longitudinal weld beads 42 extending in the longitudinal direction floor 14 on the other hand.
  • the longitudinal weld beads 42 extend along the lower edges 18 of the stretchers 12, over the entire length of the floor 14.
  • the longitudinal weld beads 42 are in particular produced by electric arc welding, for example using a MIG type process.
  • each longitudinal weld seam 42 is for example produced from below the floor 14.
  • each longitudinal weld seam 42 has a convex external face 44 extending over the lower face of the floor 14.
  • the underbody 10 is arranged to receive a facing floor 50 covering the floor 14 to insulate and protect it and allowing circulation in the car and/or the support of objects placed in the car.
  • the floor elements 20 manufactured by extrusion in a die make it possible to easily modify the transverse length T of the floor 14.
  • the underbody 10 is easily modular in manufacturing to the desired dimensions for the vehicle car.
  • floor elements 20 are all identical to each other, which simplifies their manufacture and the management of parts stocks.
  • the underbody 10 includes a lower number of welds than the underbody of the state of the art, and in particular a lower number of welds carried out with an electric arc.
  • welds made by friction stir are simpler to automate and do not require the addition of material. The manufacture of the underbody 10 is therefore simplified and the underbody 10 has a lower total mass than the underbody panels of the state of the art.
  • the process includes a preliminary step of producing floor elements 20 by extrusion in a die.
  • Each floor element 20 is produced with an identical transverse length T, determined as a function of the desired width of the lower body 10 in the transverse direction Y.
  • the number of floor elements 20 produced depends on the desired length of the bottom of the body 10 in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the method comprises the production of between fifteen and thirty floor elements 20, in particular twenty-two floor elements 20 in the example shown in the figures.
  • the method includes another preliminary step of supplying the two stretchers 12.
  • the method then includes a step of assembling the floor 14.
  • the assembly of the floor 14 firstly comprises the manufacture of one or more panels 22, by welding the floor elements 20 aligned in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the floor elements 20 are fixed by transverse weld beads 34, in particular produced by friction stir welding, extending between the floor elements 20 in the transverse direction Y.
  • the assembly of the floor 14 includes the manufacture of two panels 22 comprising six floor elements 20 and two panels 22 comprising five floor elements 20.
  • the assembly of the floor 14 then comprises the assembly of the panels 22 together in the longitudinal direction X, with crosspieces 24 interposed between the panels 22.
  • the panels 22 are assembled to the crosspieces 24 by intermediate weld beads 38 made with an electric arc.
  • Crosspieces 24 are also assembled at the two ends of the floor 14 in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the method finally includes a step of assembling the stretchers 12 on either side of the floor 14 in the transverse direction Y.
  • the stretchers 12 are fixed to the floor 14 by longitudinal weld beads 42, which extend between the lower edges 18 and the floor 14, in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the manufacturing process is simpler to automate than pre-existing manufacturing processes, thanks to the use of friction stir welding.
  • the method is more modular and simpler in terms of parts inventory management, thanks to the use of multiple identical floor elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un bas de caisse de véhicule.The present invention relates to a vehicle underbody.

L'invention concerne également un véhicule comprenant au moins une caisse comprenant un tel bas de caisse, ainsi qu'un procédé d'assemblage du bas de caisse.The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising at least one body comprising such a rocker panel, as well as a method of assembling the rocker panel.

L'invention se situe dans le domaine de la fabrication des caisses de véhicule, notamment des caisses de voitures de véhicule ferroviaires, et plus précisément du bas de caisse.The invention lies in the field of manufacturing vehicle bodies, in particular railway vehicle car bodies, and more precisely the underbody.

Un véhicule ferroviaire comporte généralement plusieurs voitures reliées mécaniquement entre elles et comprenant au moins une motrice pourvue de moyens de propulsion du véhicule.A railway vehicle generally comprises several cars mechanically connected to each other and comprising at least one engine provided with vehicle propulsion means.

Chaque voiture comprend une caisse métallique montée sur des roues, généralement déportées sur des bogies situés sous la caisse.Each car includes a metal body mounted on wheels, generally offset on bogies located under the body.

La caisse métallique est formée par assemblage d'un bas de caisse, de deux parois latérales et d'un plafond, agencés de manière à former une structure en tube, et deux parois de fermeture d'extrémités. Ces éléments sont généralement assemblés par soudage, notamment par soudage à l'arc électrique, par exemple de type MIG (pour Metal Inert Gas, c'est-à-dire soudage sous gaz neutre ne réagissant pas avec le métal soudé).The metal body is formed by assembling a lower body, two side walls and a ceiling, arranged to form a tube structure, and two end closing walls. These elements are generally assembled by welding, in particular by electric arc welding, for example of the MIG type (for Metal Inert Gas , that is to say welding under neutral gas which does not react with the welded metal).

Le bas de caisse est également assemblé préalablement à partir de plusieurs pièces métalliques soudées à l'arc électrique. Notamment, la structure du bas de caisse comprend deux brancards longitudinaux disposés de part et d'autre du bas de caisse, et une pluralité de poutre transversales reliant les deux brancards. Un plancher de scellement comprenant une ou plusieurs tôles est ensuite disposé sous les poutres transversales de manière à fermer le bas de caisse et à former le sol de la voiture.The underbody is also assembled beforehand from several metal parts welded with an electric arc. In particular, the structure of the lower body comprises two longitudinal stretchers arranged on either side of the lower body, and a plurality of transverse beams connecting the two stretchers. A sealing floor comprising one or more sheets is then placed under the transverse beams so as to close the lower body and form the floor of the car.

Ce procédé de fabrication peut être amélioré. En effet, il met en oeuvre un grand nombre de soudures à l'arc électrique, qui sont difficiles à automatiser et nécessitent beaucoup d'interventions sur la ligne de montage.This manufacturing process can be improved. In fact, it uses a large number of electric arc welds, which are difficult to automate and require a lot of intervention on the assembly line.

Les soudures multiples sont de plus susceptibles de provoquer des déformations thermiques importantes dans le bas de caisse.Multiple welds are also likely to cause significant thermal deformation in the underbody.

En outre, ces soudures sont réalisées selon un procédé par ajout de matière, et la masse supplémentaire ajoutée au bas de caisse n'est pas négligeable.In addition, these welds are carried out using a process by adding material, and the additional mass added to the underbody is not negligible.

Enfin, les tôles du plancher doivent être dimensionnées exactement aux dimensions du bas de caisse, ce qui induit une faible modularité du procédé.Finally, the floor plates must be dimensioned exactly to the dimensions of the underbody, which leads to low modularity of the process.

Le document DE 29 08 823 A1 divulgue un bas de caisse de véhicule comprenant deux brancards s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale et des éléments de plancher disposés entre les brancards.The document DE 29 08 823 A1 discloses a vehicle underbody comprising two stretchers extending in a longitudinal direction and floor elements arranged between the stretchers.

Un but de l'invention est donc de fournir un bas de caisse fabriqué selon un procédé plus simple à automatiser, plus modulaire, et nécessitant un nombre réduit de soudures complexes.An aim of the invention is therefore to provide a lower body manufactured using a process that is simpler to automate, more modular, and requires a reduced number of complex welds.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un bas de caisse selon la revendication 1.To this end, the subject of the invention is a rocker panel according to claim 1.

Un tel bas de caisse est de fabrication simple et modulaire, grâce à des éléments de plancher remplaçant à la fois les poutres transversales et le plancher de scellement et dont la mise en place et l'assemblage sont plus simples et automatisables.Such a rocker panel is simple and modular in manufacturing, thanks to floor elements replacing both the transverse beams and the sealing floor and whose installation and assembly are simpler and automatable.

Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers, le bas de caisse selon l'invention présente l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 2 à 6, prise(s) isolément ou selon toute combinaison techniquement réalisable.According to particular embodiments, the underbody according to the invention has one or more of the characteristics of claims 2 to 6, taken in isolation or in any technically feasible combination.

Selon un autre aspect, l'invention a également pour objet un véhicule selon la revendication 7.According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a vehicle according to claim 7.

Selon un autre aspect, l'invention a en outre pour objet un procédé d'assemblage d'un bas de caisse selon la revendication 8.According to another aspect, the invention further relates to a method of assembling a rocker panel according to claim 8.

Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers, le procédé selon l'invention présente l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 9 et 10, prise(s) isolément ou selon toute combinaison techniquement réalisable.According to particular embodiments, the method according to the invention has one or more of the characteristics of claims 9 and 10, taken in isolation or in any technically feasible combination.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non-limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • [Fig 1] la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un bas de caisse selon l'invention,
  • [Fig 2] la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de plancher du bas de caisse de la figure 1,
  • [Fig 3] la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle d'un panneau du bas de caisse de la figure 1,
  • [Fig 4] la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle du plancher du bas de caisse de la figure 1, et
  • [Fig 5] la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale du bas de caisse de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the appended drawings, among which:
  • [ Figure 1 ] there figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a rocker panel according to the invention,
  • [ Figure 2 ] there figure 2 is a perspective view of a floor element of the underbody of the figure 1 ,
  • [ Figure 3 ] there Figure 3 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a lower body panel of the figure 1 ,
  • [ Figure 4 ] there figure 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the floor of the underbody of the figure 1 , And
  • [ Figure 5 ] there figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the underbody of the figure 1 .

Un bas de caisse 10 selon l'invention est représenté en vue éclatée sur la figure 1.A rocker panel 10 according to the invention is shown in exploded view on the figure 1 .

Le bas de caisse 10 est destiné à faire partie d'une caisse de véhicule, notamment en combinaison avec deux parois latérales, un plafond et deux parois transversales d'extrémité. Le base de caisse est plus particulièrement destiné à former le sol de la voiture.The lower body 10 is intended to form part of a vehicle body, in particular in combination with two side walls, a ceiling and two transverse end walls. The body base is more particularly intended to form the floor of the car.

Le véhicule est notamment un véhicule ferroviaire comprenant plusieurs voitures comprenant chacune une telle caisse, les caisses étant montées sur des bogies portant des roues. En variante, le véhicule est un véhicule routier, comme par exemple un bus à une ou plusieurs caisses, ou un véhicule utilitaire.The vehicle is in particular a railway vehicle comprising several cars each comprising such a body, the bodies being mounted on bogies carrying wheels. Alternatively, the vehicle is a road vehicle, such as for example a bus with one or more bodies, or a utility vehicle.

La description qui suit est faite en référence à une direction longitudinale X, une direction transversale Y et une direction d'élévation Z, représentées sur les figures. La direction longitudinale X s'étend selon la direction d'avancée du véhicule en fonctionnement normal. La direction d'élévation Z est orthogonale à la direction longitudinale X et s'étend selon une hauteur du véhicule. La direction transversale Y est orthogonale à la direction longitudinale X et à la direction d'élévation Z et s'étend selon la largeur du véhicule.The following description is made with reference to a longitudinal direction X, a transverse direction Y and an elevation direction Z, shown in the figures. The longitudinal direction X extends according to the direction of travel of the vehicle in normal operation. The elevation direction Z is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X and extends along a height of the vehicle. The transverse direction Y is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X and to the elevation direction Z and extends along the width of the vehicle.

Par les termes « sensiblement parallèle », « sensiblement selon » et « sensiblement perpendiculaire », on entend respectivement « parallèle », « selon » et « perpendiculaire » avec une marge d'erreur angulaire inférieure ou égale à 10°, de préférence inférieure à 5°.By the terms “substantially parallel”, “substantially along” and “substantially perpendicular”, we mean respectively “parallel”, “according to” and “perpendicular” with an angular error margin less than or equal to 10°, preferably less than 5°.

Par le terme « sensiblement égal », on entend « égal » avec une marge d'erreur inférieure ou égale à 10% de la valeur nominale, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 5%.The term “substantially equal” means “equal” with a margin of error less than or equal to 10% of the nominal value, preferably less than or equal to 5%.

Le bas de caisse 10 comprend deux brancards 12 et un plancher 14 disposé entre les brancards 12.The lower body 10 comprises two stretchers 12 and a floor 14 arranged between the stretchers 12.

Les brancards 12 présentent des formes allongées selon la direction longitudinale X, et sont écartés l'un de l'autre selon la direction transversale Y, de part et d'autre du plancher 14.The stretchers 12 have elongated shapes in the longitudinal direction X, and are spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction Y, on either side of the floor 14.

Les brancards 12 s'étendent sur toute la longueur du bas de caisse 10, selon la direction longitudinale X.The stretchers 12 extend over the entire length of the lower body 10, in the longitudinal direction X.

Les brancards 12 présentent des profils incurvés dans un plan YZ parallèle à la direction transversale Y et à la direction d'élévation Z, de manière à faire jonction entre le plancher 14 s'étendant sensiblement dans un plan transversal XY parallèle à la direction longitudinale X et à la direction transversale Y et une paroi latérale s'étendant sensiblement dans un plan d'élévation XZ parallèle à la direction longitudinale X et à la direction d'élévation Z. Lorsque le véhicule circule sur un sol horizontal, le plan XY est sensiblement horizontal et le plan XZ est sensiblement vertical.The stretchers 12 have curved profiles in a plane YZ parallel to the transverse direction Y and to the direction of elevation Z, so as to form a junction between the floor 14 extending substantially in a transverse plane XY parallel to the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction Y and a side wall extending substantially in an elevation plane XZ parallel to the longitudinal direction X and to the elevation direction Z. When the vehicle is traveling on horizontal ground, the plane XY is substantially horizontal and the XZ plane is substantially vertical.

Ainsi, chaque brancard 12 présente un bord supérieur 16 destiné à être fixé à une des parois latérales de la caisse, et un bord inférieur 18 fixé au plancher 14.Thus, each stretcher 12 has an upper edge 16 intended to be fixed to one of the side walls of the body, and a lower edge 18 fixed to the floor 14.

Le plancher 14 comprend une pluralité d'éléments de plancher 20 alignés selon la direction longitudinale X.The floor 14 comprises a plurality of floor elements 20 aligned in the longitudinal direction X.

Notamment, le plancher 14 est formé par assemblage d'une pluralité de panneaux 22, chaque panneau 22 comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de plancher 20 assemblés selon la direction longitudinale X, notamment entre trois et sept éléments de plancher 20.In particular, the floor 14 is formed by assembling a plurality of panels 22, each panel 22 comprising a plurality of floor elements 20 assembled in the longitudinal direction X, in particular between three and seven floor elements 20.

Autrement dit, plusieurs éléments de planchers 20 sont fixés les uns aux autres selon la direction longitudinale X, pour former les panneaux 22 du plancher 12, puis plusieurs panneaux 22 sont fixés les uns aux autres pour former le plancher 14.In other words, several floor elements 20 are fixed to each other in the longitudinal direction X, to form the panels 22 of the floor 12, then several panels 22 are fixed to each other to form the floor 14.

Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le plancher 14 comprend ainsi quatre panneaux 22, dont deux panneaux 22 comprenant six éléments de plancher 20 et deux panneaux 22 comprenant cinq éléments de plancher 20.In the example shown on the figure 1 , the floor 14 thus comprises four panels 22, including two panels 22 comprising six floor elements 20 and two panels 22 comprising five floor elements 20.

Avantageusement, le plancher 14 comprend également au moins une traverse 24 reliant entre les brancards 12, chaque traverse 24 s'étendant selon la direction transversale Y le long d'un des panneaux 22 auquel la traverse 24 est fixée.Advantageously, the floor 14 also comprises at least one crosspiece 24 connecting between the stretchers 12, each crosspiece 24 extending in the transverse direction Y along one of the panels 22 to which the crosspiece 24 is fixed.

Notamment, chaque panneau 22 est fixé à deux traverses 24 qui s'étendent de part et d'autre du panneau 22 selon la direction longitudinale X, de sorte que chaque panneau 22 est séparé du ou des panneaux 22 voisins par des traverses 24.In particular, each panel 22 is fixed to two crosspieces 24 which extend on either side of the panel 22 in the longitudinal direction X, so that each panel 22 is separated from neighboring panel(s) 22 by crosspieces 24.

Par exemple, le plancher 14 comprend en outre deux traverses 24 situées à ses deux extrémités selon la direction longitudinale X.For example, the floor 14 further comprises two crosspieces 24 located at its two ends in the longitudinal direction X.

Un élément de plancher 20 est représenté en détail sur la figure 2.A floor element 20 is shown in detail on the figure 2 .

Avantageusement, les éléments de plancher 20 sont tous identiques les uns aux autres, ce qui simplifie leur fabrication et la gestion des stocks de pièces.Advantageously, the floor elements 20 are all identical to each other, which simplifies their manufacture and the management of parts stocks.

Chaque élément de plancher 20 comprend une plaque 30 sensiblement rectangulaire et au moins une poutre 32 allongée selon la direction transversale Y, la plaque 30 et la poutre 32 étant venues de matière l'une avec l'autre.Each floor element 20 comprises a substantially rectangular plate 30 and at least one beam 32 elongated in the transverse direction Y, the plate 30 and the beam 32 being integral with each other.

Par l'expression « venues de matière », on entend que la poutre 32 et la plaque 30 sont deux parties de la même pièce et sont continues l'une avec l'autre.By the expression "come of material", we mean that the beam 32 and the plate 30 are two parts of the same part and are continuous with each other.

Chaque élément de plancher 20 présente notamment une section de forme constante dans tout plan d'élévation XZ.Each floor element 20 has in particular a section of constant shape in any elevation plane XZ.

Avantageusement, les éléments de plancher 20 sont fabriqués par extrusion à travers une même filière, de manière à former simultanément la plaque 30 et la poutre 32. Cela simplifie la fabrication des éléments de plancher 20 et augmente la reproductibilité.Advantageously, the floor elements 20 are manufactured by extrusion through the same die, so as to simultaneously form the plate 30 and the beam 32. This simplifies the manufacture of the floor elements 20 and increases reproducibility.

La poutre 32 est une structure, notamment métallique, de forme allongée selon la direction transversale Y, qui présente par exemple une section en T, de manière à présenter une bonne résistance à la torsion.The beam 32 is a structure, in particular metallic, of elongated shape in the transverse direction Y, which has for example a T-shaped section, so as to present good resistance to torsion.

En variante, la poutre 32 présente une section en I, en K, en Z, ou autre.Alternatively, the beam 32 has an I, K, Z, or other section.

La poutre 32 présente une hauteur H, mesurée selon la direction d'élévation Z, par exemple comprise entre 3 cm et 10 cm. La hauteur H est choisie en fonction de la raideur désirée du plancher 14, et dans certains cas peut être inférieure à 3 cm ou supérieure à 10 cm.The beam 32 has a height H, measured in the direction of elevation Z, for example between 3 cm and 10 cm. The height H is chosen according to the stiffness desired floor 14, and in some cases may be less than 3 cm or greater than 10 cm.

La plaque 30 est une structure aplatie, notamment métallique, qui s'étend de part et d'autre de la poutre 32 dans un plan transversal XY orthogonal à la direction d'élévation Z.The plate 30 is a flattened structure, in particular metallic, which extends on either side of the beam 32 in a transverse plane XY orthogonal to the direction of elevation Z.

La plaque 30 s'étend par exemple à partir du pied du T dans le cas où la poutre 32 présente une section en T.The plate 30 extends for example from the foot of the T in the case where the beam 32 has a T-shaped section.

La plaque 30 présente une épaisseur E, mesurée selon la direction d'élévation Z, par exemple comprise entre 1 mm et 10 mm, notamment comprise entre 1 mm et 3 mm. L'épaisseur E est choisie en fonction de la résistance désirée du bas de caisse 10, et dans certains cas peut être inférieure à 1 mm ou supérieure à 10 mm.The plate 30 has a thickness E, measured in the direction of elevation Z, for example between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm. The thickness E is chosen according to the desired resistance of the underbody 10, and in certain cases can be less than 1 mm or greater than 10 mm.

La plaque 30 présente une largeur L, mesurée selon la direction longitudinale X, par exemple comprise entre 50 cm et 150 cm.The plate 30 has a width L, measured in the longitudinal direction X, for example between 50 cm and 150 cm.

La largeur L de la plaque 30 est égale à une largeur totale de l'élément de plancher 20.The width L of the plate 30 is equal to a total width of the floor element 20.

La poutre 32 et la plaque 30 présentent des longueurs transversales T, mesurées selon la direction transversale Y, égale l'une à l'autre, et comprises entre 200 cm et 500 cm. Les longueurs transversales T de la poutre 32 et de la plaque 30 constituent une longueur transversale de l'élément de plancher 20, et donc du plancher 14.The beam 32 and the plate 30 have transverse lengths T, measured in the transverse direction Y, equal to each other, and between 200 cm and 500 cm. The transverse lengths T of the beam 32 and the plate 30 constitute a transverse length of the floor element 20, and therefore of the floor 14.

Les éléments de plancher 20 sont par exemple réalisés en alliage d'aluminium. En variante, les éléments de plancher 20 sont réalisés à partir d'un autre matériau métallique susceptible d'être mis en forme par extrusion et soudé.The floor elements 20 are for example made of aluminum alloy. Alternatively, the floor elements 20 are made from another metallic material capable of being shaped by extrusion and welded.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle d'un panneau 22 dans un plan de section XZ parallèle à la direction longitudinale X et à la direction d'élévation Z.There Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a panel 22 in a section plane XZ parallel to the longitudinal direction X and the elevation direction Z.

Comme représenté sur la figure 3, les éléments de plancher 20 sont fixés entre eux par des cordons de soudure transverses 34 pour former les panneaux 22.As shown on the Figure 3 , the floor elements 20 are fixed together by transverse weld beads 34 to form the panels 22.

Chaque cordon de soudure transverses 34 s'étend entres les plaques 30 de deux éléments de plancher 20 adjacents, selon la direction transversale Y, sur toute la longueur transversale T de chaque plaque 30.Each transverse weld bead 34 extends between the plates 30 of two adjacent floor elements 20, in the transverse direction Y, over the entire transverse length T of each plate 30.

Les cordons de soudure transverses 34 sont avantageusement réalisés selon un procédé de soudage par friction-malaxage.The transverse weld beads 34 are advantageously produced using a friction stir welding process.

Le soudage par friction-malaxage est un procédé de soudage à l'état solide qui consiste à assembler deux pièces en les amenant dans un état pâteux grâce à un pion en rotation contre les bords en contact et en translation le long du cordon de soudure à former.Friction stir welding is a solid state welding process which consists of joining two parts by bringing them into a paste state using a rotating pin against the edges in contact and in translation along the weld bead to form.

Les cordons de soudure transverses 34 formés par soudage par friction-malaxage présentent une surface externe 36 sensiblement plane, voire légèrement concave, puisque le procédé se fait sans apport de matière extérieure. Ceci permet de les distinguer visuellement des cordons de soudage obtenus par un procédé avec apport de matière, comme le soudage à l'arc électrique de type MIG.The transverse weld beads 34 formed by friction stir welding have an external surface 36 that is substantially flat, or even slightly concave, since the process is carried out without the addition of external material. This allows them to be distinguished visually weld beads obtained by a process with material addition, such as MIG type electric arc welding.

Les cordons de soudage transverses 34 sont réalisés depuis le dessus du panneau 22, de sorte que la surface externe 36 s'étend sur le dessus du panneau 22.The transverse welding beads 34 are produced from the top of the panel 22, so that the external surface 36 extends over the top of the panel 22.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe dans un plan longitudinal XZ de deux des panneaux 22 et une des traverses 24 du plancher 14, la traverse 24 étant fixée aux deux panneaux 22.There figure 4 is a sectional view in a longitudinal plane XZ of two of the panels 22 and one of the crosspieces 24 of the floor 14, the crosspiece 24 being fixed to the two panels 22.

Comme représenté, les traverses 24 sont fixées aux panneaux 22 par des cordons de soudure intermédiaires 38, notamment réalisés par soudage à l'arc électrique, par exemple selon un procédé de type MIG.As shown, the crosspieces 24 are fixed to the panels 22 by intermediate weld beads 38, in particular produced by electric arc welding, for example using a MIG type process.

Les cordons de soudure intermédiaires 38, formés par soudage à l'arc électrique, c'est-à-dire avec apport de matière, présentent une surface externe 40 bombée qui permet de les distinguer d'un cordon obtenu par friction-malaxage.The intermediate weld beads 38, formed by electric arc welding, that is to say with the addition of material, have a curved external surface 40 which allows them to be distinguished from a bead obtained by friction mixing.

Chaque cordon de soudure intermédiaire 38 est par exemple réalisé depuis le dessous du plancher 14. Ainsi, la surface externe 40 bombée s'étend donc sur une face inférieure du plancher 14.Each intermediate weld bead 38 is for example produced from below the floor 14. Thus, the curved external surface 40 therefore extends over a lower face of the floor 14.

Les traverses 24 augmentent la rigidité du plancher 14 selon la direction transversale Y.The crosspieces 24 increase the rigidity of the floor 14 in the transverse direction Y.

La figure 5 est une vue en coupe du plancher 14 dans un plan transverse YZ orthogonal à la direction longitudinale X.There figure 5 is a sectional view of the floor 14 in a transverse plane YZ orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X.

Le plancher 14 est fixé aux brancards 12 par des cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42 s'étendant selon la direction longitudinale X. Les cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42 s'étendent entre les brancards 12 d'une part et chaque panneau 22 et chaque traverse 24 du plancher 14 d'autre part.The floor 14 is fixed to the stretchers 12 by longitudinal weld beads 42 extending in the longitudinal direction floor 14 on the other hand.

Les cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42 s'étendent le long des bords inférieurs 18 des brancards 12, sur toute la longueur du plancher 14.The longitudinal weld beads 42 extend along the lower edges 18 of the stretchers 12, over the entire length of the floor 14.

Les cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42 sont notamment réalisés par soudage à l'arc électrique, par exemple selon un procédé de type MIG.The longitudinal weld beads 42 are in particular produced by electric arc welding, for example using a MIG type process.

Les cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42 sont par exemple réalisés depuis le dessous du plancher 14. Ainsi, chaque cordon de soudure longitudinal 42 présente une face externe 44 bombée s'étendant sur la face inférieure du plancher 14.The longitudinal weld seams 42 are for example produced from below the floor 14. Thus, each longitudinal weld seam 42 has a convex external face 44 extending over the lower face of the floor 14.

Le bas de caisse 10 est agencé pour recevoir un plancher de parement 50 recouvrant le plancher 14 pour l'isoler et le protéger et permettant la circulation dans la voiture et/ou le support d'objets posés dans la voiture.The underbody 10 is arranged to receive a facing floor 50 covering the floor 14 to insulate and protect it and allowing circulation in the car and/or the support of objects placed in the car.

Les éléments de plancher 20 fabriqués par extrusion dans une filière permettent de modifier facilement la longueur transversale T du plancher 14.The floor elements 20 manufactured by extrusion in a die make it possible to easily modify the transverse length T of the floor 14.

De plus, il est aisé de modifier la longueur longitudinale totale du plancher 14 en faisant varier le nombre d'éléments de plancher 20 assemblés.In addition, it is easy to modify the total longitudinal length of the floor 14 by varying the number of assembled floor elements 20.

Ainsi, le bas de caisse 10 est de fabrication modulable facilement aux dimensions désirées pour la voiture de véhicule.Thus, the underbody 10 is easily modular in manufacturing to the desired dimensions for the vehicle car.

En outre, les éléments de plancher 20 sont tous identiques les uns aux autres, ce qui simplifie leur fabrication et la gestion des stocks de pièces.In addition, the floor elements 20 are all identical to each other, which simplifies their manufacture and the management of parts stocks.

Enfin, le bas de caisse 10 comprend un nombre de soudures plus faible que les bas de caisse de l'état de la technique, et notamment un nombre plus faible de soudures réalisées à l'arc électrique. De plus, les soudures réalisées par friction malaxage sont plus simples à automatiser et ne nécessitent pas d'apport de matière. La fabrication du bas de caisse 10 est donc simplifiée et le bas de caisse 10 présente une masse totale plus faible que les bas de caisse de l'état de la technique.Finally, the underbody 10 includes a lower number of welds than the underbody of the state of the art, and in particular a lower number of welds carried out with an electric arc. In addition, welds made by friction stir are simpler to automate and do not require the addition of material. The manufacture of the underbody 10 is therefore simplified and the underbody 10 has a lower total mass than the underbody panels of the state of the art.

Le procédé de fabrication du bas de caisse 10 va maintenant être décrit, en référence à la description du bas de caisse 10 qui précède.The method of manufacturing the underbody 10 will now be described, with reference to the description of the underbody 10 which precedes.

Le procédé comprend une étape préliminaire de production des éléments de plancher 20 par extrusion dans une filière.The process includes a preliminary step of producing floor elements 20 by extrusion in a die.

Chaque élément de plancher 20 est produit avec une longueur transversale T identique, déterminée en fonction de la largeur désirée du bas de caisse 10 selon la direction transversale Y.Each floor element 20 is produced with an identical transverse length T, determined as a function of the desired width of the lower body 10 in the transverse direction Y.

Le nombre d'éléments de plancher 20 produits dépend de la longueur désirée du bas de caisse 10 selon la direction longitudinale X.The number of floor elements 20 produced depends on the desired length of the bottom of the body 10 in the longitudinal direction X.

Par exemple, le procédé comprend la production d'entre quinze et trente éléments de plancher 20, notamment vingt-deux éléments de plancher 20 dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures.For example, the method comprises the production of between fifteen and thirty floor elements 20, in particular twenty-two floor elements 20 in the example shown in the figures.

Le procédé comprend une autre étape préliminaire de fourniture des deux brancards 12.The method includes another preliminary step of supplying the two stretchers 12.

Le procédé comprend ensuite une étape d'assemblage du plancher 14.The method then includes a step of assembling the floor 14.

L'assemblage du plancher 14 comprend tout d'abord la fabrication d'un ou plusieurs panneaux 22, par soudage des éléments de plancher 20 alignés selon la direction longitudinale X.The assembly of the floor 14 firstly comprises the manufacture of one or more panels 22, by welding the floor elements 20 aligned in the longitudinal direction X.

Les éléments de plancher 20 sont fixés par des cordons de soudure transverses 34, notamment réalisés par soudage par friction-malaxage, s'étendant entre les éléments de plancher 20 selon la direction transversale Y.The floor elements 20 are fixed by transverse weld beads 34, in particular produced by friction stir welding, extending between the floor elements 20 in the transverse direction Y.

Par exemple, l'assemblage du plancher 14 comprend la fabrication de deux panneaux 22 comprenant six éléments de plancher 20 et de deux panneaux 22 comprenant cinq éléments de plancher 20.For example, the assembly of the floor 14 includes the manufacture of two panels 22 comprising six floor elements 20 and two panels 22 comprising five floor elements 20.

L'assemblage du plancher 14 comprend ensuite l'assemblage des panneaux 22 entre eux selon la direction longitudinale X, avec des traverses 24 interposées entre les panneaux 22.The assembly of the floor 14 then comprises the assembly of the panels 22 together in the longitudinal direction X, with crosspieces 24 interposed between the panels 22.

Les panneaux 22 sont assemblés aux traverses 24 par des cordons de soudure intermédiaire 38 réalisés à l'arc électrique.The panels 22 are assembled to the crosspieces 24 by intermediate weld beads 38 made with an electric arc.

Des traverses 24 sont également assemblées aux deux extrémités du plancher 14 selon la direction longitudinale X.Crosspieces 24 are also assembled at the two ends of the floor 14 in the longitudinal direction X.

Le procédé comprend enfin une étape d'assemblage des brancards 12 de part et d'autre du plancher 14 selon la direction transversale Y.The method finally includes a step of assembling the stretchers 12 on either side of the floor 14 in the transverse direction Y.

Les brancards 12 sont fixés au plancher 14 par des cordons de soudure longitudinaux 42, qui s'étendent entre les bords inférieurs 18 et le plancher 14, selon la direction longitudinale X.The stretchers 12 are fixed to the floor 14 by longitudinal weld beads 42, which extend between the lower edges 18 and the floor 14, in the longitudinal direction X.

Le procédé de fabrication est plus simple à automatiser que les procédés de fabrication préexistants, grâce au recours au soudage par friction-malaxage.The manufacturing process is simpler to automate than pre-existing manufacturing processes, thanks to the use of friction stir welding.

De plus, le procédé est plus modulable et plus simple en termes de gestion des stocks de pièces, grâce à l'utilisation d'éléments de plancher 20 multiples identiques.In addition, the method is more modular and simpler in terms of parts inventory management, thanks to the use of multiple identical floor elements.

Claims (10)

  1. A vehicle rocker panel (10) comprising:
    - two stretchers (12) extending in a longitudinal direction (X), spaced apart in a transverse direction (Y) substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (X),
    - a floor (14) disposed between the stretchers (12), the floor (14) comprising a plurality of floor elements (20) aligned in the longitudinal direction (X), each floor element (20) comprising a plate (30)
    visibly rectangular and at least one beam (32) elongated in the transverse direction (Y), the plate (30) and the beam (32) being integral with each other.
  2. A rocker panel (10) according to claim 1, in which some of the floor elements (20) are fixed to at least one other adjacent floor element (20) by transverse weld seams (34) extending between the plates (30) in the transverse direction (Y), the transverse weld seams (34) being produced in particular by friction stirring.
  3. A rocker panel (10) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the floor elements (20) are fixed to one another in the longitudinal direction (X) to form at least one panel (22), each panel (22) comprising in particular between three and seven floor elements (20).
  4. A rocker panel (10) as claimed in claim 3, in which each panel (22) is fixed to the side rails (12) by longitudinal weld seams (42), the longitudinal weld seams (42) being produced in particular by electric arc welding.
  5. A rocker panel (10) as claimed in claim 3 or 4, in which the rocker panel (10) comprises at least one cross member (24) connecting the side rails (12), each cross member (24) being fixed to at least one panel (22) by an intermediate weld seam (38), in particular produced by electric arc welding.
  6. A rocker panel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which each floor element (20) is produced by extrusion through a die, so as to simultaneously form the plate (30) and the beam (32).
  7. A vehicle consisting of at least one rocker panel (10) according to any of claims 1 to 6.
  8. A method for assembling a rocker panel (10) according to any of claims 1 to 6, the process consisting of the following steps:
    - supply of the two stretchers (12) and the plurality of floor elements (20),
    - assembly of the floor (14), the floor (14) comprising floor elements (20) aligned in the longitudinal direction (X),
    - assembly of stretchers (12) on either side of the floor (14) in the transverse direction (Y).
  9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises a preliminary step of manufacturing floor elements (20), each floor element (20) being manufactured by a single extrusion step in a die.
  10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein assembling the floor (14) comprises fabricating at least one panel (22), each panel (22) comprising a plurality of floor elements (20) aligned in the longitudinal direction (X), and joining the panels (22) together in the longitudinal direction (X) with cross-members (24) interposed between the panels (22).
EP21189823.4A 2020-08-07 2021-08-05 Underframe of a vehicle, associated vehicle and assembly method Active EP3950460B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2008364A FR3113275B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 Vehicle underbody, vehicle and associated assembly method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3950460A1 EP3950460A1 (en) 2022-02-09
EP3950460B1 true EP3950460B1 (en) 2024-02-28

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EP (1) EP3950460B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2988195T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3113275B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2908823A1 (en) * 1979-03-07 1980-09-11 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Railway vehicle lightweight load bearing element - comprises support base with fixtures for vehicle appliances and element mounting members
JP2626340B2 (en) * 1991-09-20 1997-07-02 株式会社日立製作所 Vehicle underframe
AT503255A3 (en) * 2006-03-06 2010-05-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich RAIL VEHICLE WITH A BASE
CN109109892B (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-04-14 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 Railway vehicle's chassis subassembly and railway vehicle

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EP3950460A1 (en) 2022-02-09
FR3113275A1 (en) 2022-02-11
ES2988195T3 (en) 2024-11-19

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