EP3921162B1 - Intaglio printing unit for printing substrate using an intaglio printing method - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a gravure printing unit for printing on a substrate using a gravure printing process according to the preamble of claim 1.

The EP 2 909 033 B1 discloses an intaglio printing press with a printing unit in which a plate cylinder designed as a gravure cylinder is inked indirectly via an ink collecting cylinder. This receives the printing ink via several stencil rollers, which in turn are inked by inking devices. In one embodiment, the inking is carried out by two inking rollers in each case, which receive the color via a duct roller that interacts with an ink fountain. In another embodiment, an ink transfer roller is additionally provided between the duct roller and the stencil roller.

In the US 4,604,951A discloses an intaglio printing press with a plate cylinder carrying a printing plate, with an inking roller which is in rolling contact with the plate cylinder and has a structure of ink-transferring elevations on its circumference, and with an inking device which includes a duct roller and is in rolling contact with the inking roller. The duct roller has essentially the the same circumference as the applicator roller and has on its outer circumference corresponding depressions of different depths to the depressions on the printing plate. When printing, a gap of 0.03 to 0.05 mm is set between the duct roller and the inking knife. An adjustment mechanism is also provided for circumferentially and axially positioning the textured duct roller relative to the plate cylinder.

through the WO 2005/077656 A1 an inking system of an intaglio printing machine is known, in one embodiment the intaglio printing plate being inked directly by a stencil roller, which in turn is inked by a selective inking cylinder. The latter is exposed to printing ink on its peripheral surface by a spray device, the excess ink being removed by means of a wiping roller before contact with the stencil roller. In the other versions, the intaglio printing plate is inked indirectly via a transfer or collecting cylinder, which is inked via one or more stencil rollers, which in turn are inked by a selective inking cylinder. The latter is exposed to printing ink on its peripheral surface by a spray device or a ductor roller interacting with an ink fountain, with the excess ink being removed again by means of a wiping roller before contact with the stencil roller.

The CN 101544098B relates to a duct roller, an ink transfer device and an ink transfer system of a gravure printing press. The ink is transferred from an ink reservoir via a duct roller, which has an engraving on its circumference that corresponds to the engraving on the gravure cylinder, to an elastic ink roller and from there to the gravure cylinder. When applying the ink to the duct roller, its outer surface is in contact with a hook-shaped scraper in order to strip off the ink on the non-engraved areas. As a result, there is no uniform layer of ink on the elastic ink roller, but an ink pattern with different thicknesses that corresponds to the pattern of the engraving on the gravure cylinder, similar to the shape of a Reliefs applied. The pressure of the contact on the lateral surface can be adjustable via an adjusting device.

through the WO 2011/077350 A1 discloses an intaglio printing machine with a printing point between the forming cylinder and impression cylinder, an ink collection cylinder, five stencil cylinders that interact with this and inking units for inking the stencil cylinders, whereby in one variant the form and impression cylinder have a common rotary drive and the ink collection cylinder has its own Drive, the five stencil cylinders five drives and the inking units are assigned one or more drives. The motors of the drives that rotate these cylinders or units in this embodiment, even during operation, are preferably designed as torque motors. A correction and adjustment system is provided for this embodiment to control the rotational position of the ink collecting cylinder and the stencil cylinder to ensure correct register to the forme cylinder.

The WO 2004/069538 A2 relates to an intaglio printing machine with a printing point between the forming cylinder and the impression cylinder, an ink collecting cylinder, five stencil cylinders interacting with this and inking unit units inking for the stencil cylinders, with the stencil cylinder referred to here as the "selector cylinder" being driven by a drive motor independently of the ink collecting cylinder . In one embodiment, this is driven together with a ductor roller of the ink fountain, in another on its own, the ductor roller then being driven by the ink collecting cylinder via a gear train. One of the goals of this drive is to vary the relative speed between the ink collecting cylinder and the selector cylinder in order to compensate for any elongation of a printing plate on the forme cylinder. An elongation is detected and corrected by means of an engraved pattern on the forme cylinder using two sets of lines arranged next to one another, one of which depending on the presence plate elongation, a line in the middle or further out from the stencil cylinder is inked and printed on the product.

The DE 103 04 117 A1 relates to a clamping cylinder and a method for clamping embossing molds for embossing rollers. In contrast to applications in the field of printing technology, the clamping cylinders used there are not suitable for the embossing molds with a wall thickness of just a few tenths of a millimeter. The embossing molds designed there as a sleeve can be stretched according to a principle of cooling from the inside, for example with liquid nitrogen, or according to a principle of elastic expansion by means of compressed air.

The DE 198 07 505 A1 relates to a sheet-fed printing press with a plurality of printing units arranged in a row for multi-color printing and at least one coating unit, in particular a varnishing unit for partial varnish application. In one variant, the coating can be applied to a full-surface rubber blanket of a forme cylinder via a grid applicator roller with a partially closed basic grid, and in another variant it can be applied to the printing material by a conventional metering system via a forme cylinder with a partially closed basic grid. The partially closed basic grid, referred to here as the "gravure printing form", can be produced on the roller or on the cylinder within the machine by suitable means by filling individual cells and regenerated by removing it. Alternatively, this can be done outside after the roller or cylinder has been removed or from a sleeve with which the roller or cylinder can be fitted inside or outside the coating unit.

through the DE 101 26 264 A1 discloses a gravure cylinder and a method for its production, wherein a ceramic layer, optionally via an auxiliary coating, is applied to a steel cylinder and this is ground to produce a gravure cylinder blank. The delivered blank is then preferred by the end customer engraved and polished.

The DE 10 2006 025 577 B3 relates to a wiping device of a steel gravure printing machine, a cylinder consisting of ceramic being provided in a roller train of the wiping device.

The DE 697 05 080 T2 proposes a sleeve and method for manufacturing a liquid transfer roll, particularly for a continuously engraved anilox roll or gravure roll engraved with a specific pattern, comprising an expandable inner skin, a compressible liner and a supporting metallic tube. This sleeve can then - if necessary using compressed air or an expandable mandrel - mounted on the mandrel, smoothed and thermally coated with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, in particular ceramic or metal carbide. The coating can then z. B. be engraved by a laser or electron beam.

The DE 10 2011 012 735 A1 apparently a printing or embossing sleeve of a printing or embossing system, in particular a gravure, flexographic or offset printing sleeve, with an adapter sleeve being detachably arranged on a carrier roller and a printing sleeve detachable from the latter being arranged or arrangeable thereon. In one variant, the adapter sleeve can be made of metal and have a ceramic, metal or carbon-containing layer to increase the service life.

through the EP 1 316 423 A1 discloses an anilox roller, in particular for flexographic printing machines, and a method for producing it, in which case a sleeve is firstly arranged detachably on a cylinder core and only then is the anilox layer applied. The sleeve consists of GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) and is pushed on, primed and provided with a ceramic layer with the aid of compressed air before the cells are inserted using a laser.

The DE 10 2013 205 860 A1 discloses a temperature control unit for temperature control of functional parts of a z. B. as a gravure printing machine or offset printing machine trained printing machine, in the case of a gravure printing unit in addition to printing cylinders and the ductor rollers and stencil rollers are temperature controlled.

The invention is based on the object of creating a gravure printing unit for printing on a substrate using a gravure printing process.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that the consumption of printing ink can be reduced to a particularly low value and/or that printed images have particularly fine image structures, in particular with regard to resolution in terms of color and/or in terms of color density or color intensity can be implemented economically and easily managed.

A gravure printing unit according to the invention for printing on a substrate using a gravure printing process comprises a forme cylinder which has an imaging pattern of indentations on its circumference, and an inking unit for inking the pattern of indentations provided on the forme cylinder, comprising a first inking unit cylinder which in the area of its lateral surface Wells on the forme cylinder includes corresponding wells and downstream with a second inking cylinder forms a nip point which at its periphery includes color-transferring surveys or raised areas.

According to a particularly advantageous first embodiment, the first inking cylinder z. B. a cylinder body rotatably mounted or storable in the inking unit, on which a closed circumference, on its outward directed surface, the depressions of the first inking cylinder bearing color transfer mold sleeve is preferably detachably arranged or arrangeable.

An embodiment of the coloring form of transfer of color on the color gravure cylinder, for example, as - e.g. B. exchangeable - sleeve allows z. B. a particularly simple and economical, and thus possibly more frequent exchange, which can serve, for example, to maintain quality and / or simplified logistics.

In an advantageous further development of this first embodiment, the ink transfer sleeve can comprise a layer having the indentations on its outwardly directed surface and a carrier layer directly or indirectly carrying this layer. In particular, the layer having the depressions can be formed by a ceramic layer, in particular a layer of oxide ceramic and/or a layer of chromium oxide.

In a second particularly advantageous embodiment, the first inking unit cylinder has a cylinder body that is rotatably mounted or can be mounted in the inking unit, which directly or indirectly bears a ceramic layer on its lateral surface, on the outward-facing surface of which the indentations of the first inking unit cylinder are provided.

In an advantageous development, the material forming the layer can have a Vickers hardness VH of at least 800 HV 10 and/or a porosity of at most 5% and/or Young's elasticity of between 30 and 70 GPa and/or a Poisson's ratio of 0.20 to 0.30 Poisson and/or a fracture toughness of 4.0 to 5.0 MPa*m1/2 and/or a tear strength of at least 40 MPa.

In an advantageous development, the layer can have a thickness of at most 350 μm, in particular at most 200 μm.

In an advantageous development, the carrier layer can be formed from a carbon fiber material and/or the material forming the carrier layer can have a modulus of elasticity of less than 65 GPa, in particular less than 45 GPa, in the circumferential direction and/or a layer thickness of less than 5 mm, in particular less than 4 mm.

In an advantageous development, the ink transfer sleeve can include a metallic intermediate layer between the layer having the depressions and the carrier layer, which is preferably formed by aluminum and/or has a layer thickness of 0.10 to 0.35 mm.

In an advantageous development, the cylinder body can have one or more outlet openings or groups of outlet openings in the area of its lateral surface, which can be pressurized from the inside via a line system with a pressurized fluid at least for a period of time during the removal or mounting of an ink transfer mold sleeve.

In an advantageous development, a cylinder body diameter of the cylinder body can be increased, in particular reversibly expanded, by a mechanism that acts in particular in the manner of a wedge gear, and can be reduced again at least in a period of time during the removal or mounting of an ink transfer mold sleeve, in particular can be returned to the unloaded state.

According to the invention, the color engraving cylinder and/or the cylinder body can be temperature-controlled, in particular designed so that temperature-control fluid can flow through it, and can be removed from the inking unit during operation for maintenance and/or set-up purposes.

For example, with a temperature control of the color gravure cylinder - z. B. just when the excess ink is removed by a squeegee - given an influence on the ink transport.

In an advantageous development, the first inking unit cylinder can be inked by an inking device in the area of an application point located on its circumference.

The inking device can have a retaining means, advantageously designed as a squeegee or ink knife, on at least the side of the application point downstream in the operating direction of rotation of the inking unit cylinder containing the indentations, through which, viewed in the operating direction of rotation, behind the ink application and in front of the first nip point with the second inking unit cylinder beforehand on the Lateral surface of the first inking cylinder applied ink is removable.

An advantageous embodiment as a squeegee can prevent or at least minimize contamination of the printed image between two picture elements--for example, impinged with different colors--and/or blurring in the representation on the substrate.

In an advantageous development, the retaining means designed as a squeegee, which in the operating position is in physical contact with the lateral surface of the first inking unit cylinder, or an inking unit that carries it and is mounted so that it can move axially in the inking device, can be moved by a drive means with respect to the relative axial position to the inking unit cylinder that includes the depressions Be axially movable and / or oscillating during operation.

a z. B. iridescent restraint means when removing excess ink can - especially in the case of an employed squeegee in operation - a more even cause wear-related removal and thus serve a more stable operation.

In an advantageous development, depressions on the second color cylinder that correspond to depressions on the forme cylinder can comprise a supporting web which interrupts the depression on the second color cylinder that corresponds to the continuous depression on the forme cylinder and whose upper side is at the level of the undisturbed, d. H. unengraved lateral surface of the second color cylinder.

In an advantageous development, a temperature control device can be provided in a line system that supplies the inking device with printing ink, by which the temperature of the printing ink to be supplied can be controlled.

Temperature control of the printing ink, which is provided in an advantageous development, even before it enters the ink original space of the inking device, contributes to stable printing conditions and/or enables a short start-up time.

In an advantageous development, according to a second particularly advantageous embodiment, the second engraving cylinder can comprise elevations on its lateral surface that correspond to engravings on the forme cylinder and have a maximum width of 1.0 mm and/or a maximum width of 0.8 mm in the area of their smallest diameter width than the width of a corresponding engraving on the forme cylinder and/or which depict individual engravings on the forme cylinder with a maximum width of ten times greater and/or which depict individual engravings on the forme cylinder that are spaced apart by 1000 µm or less and/or which on its Lateral surface includes areas with at least five, preferably at least 10, discontinuous elevations on an area of 10 cm ² and/or with two or more discontinuous elevations, which are at a maximum distance of 1000 μm from an adjacent elevation, or raised areas that have indentations ng extensive areas of the imaging pattern of pits form cylinder correspond.

Such a design of the color relief cylinder z. B. with particularly fine structures corresponding to the engravings on the forme cylinder enables a high resolution in terms of multicolor and/or in terms of deliberately varied color density or color intensity.

In an advantageous development, a third inking unit cylinder that interacts with the second inking unit cylinder via a second nip point can be provided, which preferably has an elastic and/or compressible lateral surface and which forms a further nip point with the forme cylinder for inking it.

The use of such an ink collecting cylinder, for example, makes it possible for the printing form to be inked simultaneously with a plurality of colors at the same nip point.

In an advantageous development, the printing unit can comprise a plurality of ink trains, each with an inking device, a first inking unit cylinder having indentations and a second inking unit cylinder, with the second inking unit cylinder interacting indirectly via the same third inking unit cylinder or directly with the forme cylinder for its inking.

In an advantageous development, the first inking unit cylinders of two color trains can have different patterns of depressions and/or the second inking unit cylinders of two color trains can have different patterns of elevations or raised areas.

In an advantageous further development, the first inking unit cylinder, together with the cylinder journal on the end face, can be moved along during operation for replacement and/or for set-up purposes a removal path, which runs in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, can be configured between the frame walls of the frame so that it can be removed from the inking unit. The length of the first inking unit cylinder, together with its cylinder journal fixed to the end face of the cylinder, is preferably smaller than the clear width between the two frame walls of the frame that carry the inking unit cylinder at the end face, or between side parts of a subframe arranged on the inside of the frame walls of the frame. Radial bearings accommodating end-face cylinder journals are e.g. B. arranged within a clear width between the two frame walls of the frame carrying the inking unit cylinder on the front side or between side parts of an underframe arranged on the inside of the frame walls of the frame and/or in the drive train there is between a rotary positive drive and a cylinder pin on the drive side, e.g. B. a detachable, in particular with respect to the rotational angle position backlash-free and / or unique coupling provided.

In an advantageous further development that is an alternative to the last-mentioned further development, the inking unit cylinder or a cylinder body it encompasses can only be mounted on one of its Be mounted or can be mounted on the end faces on a first side of the frame, while the inking unit cylinder or its cylinder body is not mounted on its other end and is freely accessible at least in the area of the axial projection of its cross-sectional area in the plane of the frame without overlapping the frame and/or from outside the frame alignment . Bearing means supporting the inking unit cylinder on the first side of the frame, or a frame wall element accommodating such a bearing means, can operationally be transferred from a working position, in which they support the inking unit cylinder in a radially rotatable manner, to a set-up position in which they support the way for an axial Release the removal of the inking unit cylinder or a cylinder body encompassed by the inking unit cylinder from the inking unit or release an ink transfer mold sleeve that is closed on the circumference from the cylinder body.

In an advantageous development, the first inking unit cylinder can be mounted so that it can move axially in a frame of the gravure printing unit and can be moved axially by an axial drive with a drive means and/or the first inking unit cylinder alone or together with the second inking unit cylinder in production operation by one of the forme cylinders rotating drive means in production operation can be driven and/or driven independently and preferably with regard to an angular position of the inking unit and/or the inking unit cylinder and the inking unit inking it can be mechanically connected to one another via side parts of a subframe movably mounted in the frame such that when the inking unit cylinder is moved radially, the inking unit is forced into the way is moved, so that a radial relative position between the inking unit cylinder and the inking device is maintained.

In an advantageous further development, an actuator can be provided, by means of which the retaining means, designed in particular as a squeegee, is automatically and/or continuously tracked during operation, which contributes to constant conditions in the area of ink application.

A provided in an advantageous development color distribution device that distributes the ink in the template room, z. B. to a stable operation in that the freshly supplied, possibly previously tempered printing ink is added evenly to the already existing, possibly already mechanically stressed color.

In an advantageous further development with a coupled radial bearing of the color gravure cylinder and the inking device inking it, a variation the adjustment position of the color gravure cylinder without changing the color feed to it at the same time.

To check and / or correct the register between color gravure cylinder and forme cylinder in an advantageous development z. B. provided image elements allow - especially for the use of individual drive technology for the color gravure cylinder alone or together with color relief cylinder - a quick and targeted optimization of the print result.

A particularly advantageous form of ink transfer for an inking unit cylinder of a gravure printing unit, in particular for use in a gravure printing unit according to an above-mentioned Embodiment or further development, comprises in the area of its lateral surface depressions corresponding to image elements of a print image to be printed in gravure printing, the ink transfer mold preferably being designed as an ink transfer mold sleeve that can be detachably arranged on a cylinder body of the inking unit cylinder and is closed in circumference and which on its outwardly directed surface the has depressions.

In an advantageous further development of the ink transfer mold, the ink transfer mold sleeve can comprise a layer having the indentations on its outwardly directed surface and a carrier layer directly or indirectly carrying this layer.

In an advantageous development of the color transfer form, the layer having the depressions can be formed by a ceramic layer, in particular a layer of oxide ceramic and/or a layer of chromium oxide.

When setting up an inking unit cylinder included in a gravure printing unit, in particular a gravure printing unit according to one of the above embodiments or developments, which comprises a pattern of indentations in the area of its lateral surface, which correspond to indentations of a printing forme arranged or to be arranged on a forme cylinder of the printing unit, for setting up or renewing the lateral surface having the indentations, a closed circumference and on its outward-facing surface the Ink transfer mold sleeve comprising depressions is arranged on a cylinder body which is encompassed by the inking unit cylinder and is rotatably mounted or can be mounted in the printing unit.

In an advantageous development, the loading of the cylinder body is supported by the application of pressure medium, which flows out of one or more outlet openings opening into the lateral surface. Instead of or in addition to this, the fitting of the cylinder body can be assisted by cooling the cylinder body to a temperature below the ambient temperature.

In an alternative development, the color transfer mold sleeve can be held on the cylinder body by enlarging, in particular reversible widening, the diameter of the cylinder body, preferably hydraulically effected, and making it smaller again for loading and/or changing the color transfer mold sleeve.

In the production of an ink transfer forme for an inking unit cylinder of a gravure printing unit, in particular an ig ink transfer forme, a sleeve-like body with a closed circumference and a single or multi-layer structure is preferably provided as a blank for an ink transfer forme sleeve and is provided on its outwardly directed lateral surface with image elements of an image to be printed in gravure printing Printed image underlying engravings provided corresponding depressions. Advantageously, a peripherally closed sleeve-shaped carrier layer, preferably made of a carbon fiber material, is coated directly or indirectly with a ceramic layer and/or a layer of material with a Vickers hardness of at least 800 HV 10 provided by hardness, where z. B. first a layer with a layer thickness greater than that to be provided for the ready-to-operate state is applied and the blank bearing the layer applied with oversize is subsequently ground round to the desired outer diameter.

The solution according to the invention and its developments are of particular advantage in relation to an intaglio printing or intaglio printing machine or an intaglio printing or intaglio printing unit or to a printing method working according to an intaglio printing or intaglio printing process, in particular for security printing, preferably banknote printing.

The mentioned and possibly others, e.g. B. Aspects arising in the following description can contribute individually or in combination to the realization of a selective ink application with sufficient quality in the printed product and/or a stable production.

Special advantages of an above mentioned The printing unit unfolds in a printing machine designed as a security printing machine and/or as a printing machine that processes a sheet-like substrate and/or as a gravure printing machine that works according to the intaglio method, which has a substrate feed through which the substrate to be printed can be fed to the printing machine on the input side, a first conveyor section, through which the substrate can be fed to the at least one printing unit, a second conveying section, through which the substrate can be fed directly or indirectly to a product receptacle, by which the substrate, which has been printed at least once, can be combined into bundles.

The above-mentioned advantageous designs, embodiments and developments are each on their own, but also individually or in groups, provided that no contradictory or conflicting objects are involved combinable.

Further design variants, developments and details can be found individually or in combination in the following description and in the dependent claims.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Fig. 1a

eine Seitenansicht einer Druckmaschine, insbesondere Tiefdruckmaschine in einer ersten Ausführung;

Fig. 1b

eine Seitenansicht einer Druckmaschine, insbesondere Tiefdruckmaschine in einer zweiten Ausführung;

Fig. 2a

einen vergrößerte Darstellung des Druckwerkes aus Fig. 1a;

Fig. 2b

einen vergrößerte Darstellung des Druckwerkes aus Fig. 1b;

Fig. 3a

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem Druckwerk gemäß Fig. 2a;

Fig. 3b

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem Druckwerk gemäß Fig. 2b;

Fig. 4a

eine schematische Darstellung i) eines Musters von Vertiefungen auf dem Formzylinder, ii) eines Musters von korrespondierenden Erhebungen auf dem die Erhebungen aufweisenden Farbwerkszylinder und iii) eines Musters von korrespondierenden Vertiefungen auf dem die Vertiefungen aufweisenden Farbwerkszylinder;

Fig. 4b

eine schematische Detaildarstellung für vorteilhafte Ausführungen für die Ausbildung der Vertiefungen auf dem Farbwerkszylinder;

Fig. 5a

eine Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführung für den die Vertiefungen umfassenden Farbwerkszylinder mit Einfärbeeinrichtung;

Fig. 5b

eine Seitenansicht einer zweiten Ausführung für den die Vertiefungen umfassenden Farbwerkszylinder mit Einfärbeeinrichtungen ;

Fig. 6a

eine Schrägansicht der Einfärbeeinrichtung aus Fig. 5a;

Fig. 6b

eine Schrägansicht der Einfärbeeinrichtung aus Fig. 5b;

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf eine Einfärbeeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 5a;

Fig. 8a

eine Detailansicht aus der Einfärbeeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 5a;

Fig. 8b

eine Detailansicht aus der Einfärbeeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 5b;

Fig. 9

eine Detailansicht einer Lagerung der das Rückhaltemittel tragenden Traverse mit Axialantrieb gemäß der Ausführung aus Fig. 6a;

Fig. 10a

ein Detailschnitt des Axialantriebes aus Fig. 9 aus anderer Richtung;

Fig. 10b

eine Detailansicht einer Lagerung der Einfärbeeinrichtung mit Axialantrieb gemäß der Ausführung nach Fig. 6b;

Fig. 11

eine Einzelansicht der Farbverteileinrichtung nach einer ersten Ausführung;

Fig. 12a

eine Detailansicht der Farbverteileinrichtung aus Fig. 11 von schräg unten;

Fig. 12b

eine Einzelansicht der Farbverteileinrichtung nach einer zweiten Ausführung;

Fig. 13

eine Detailansicht zur Linearführung aus der Einfärbeeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 5a;

Fig. 14

eine Gesamtansicht der im Gestell angeordneten Einfärbeeinrichtung;

Fig. 15

eine Ausführung der Einfärbeeinrichtung mit alternativen Ausgestaltung des Farbvorlageraumes;

Fig. 16

eine Seitenansicht der Einfärbeeinrichtung mit Stellantrieb;

Fig. 17

eine Seitenansicht im Schmitt der Einfärbeeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 16;

Fig. 18

eine Perspektivansicht eines die Gravuren direkt auf seiner Mantelfläche tragenden Farbgravurzylinders;

Fig. 19

ein Längsschnitt durch einen Farbgravurzylinder aus Fig. 18, exemplarisch in Ausführung mit von Temperierfluid durchströmbaren Strömungskanälen;

Fig. 20

ein Teilschnitt durch einen als Vollzylinder oder - strichliert angedeutet - als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Farbgravurzylinder mit Mehrschichtaufbau;

Fig. 21

eine als Farbübertragungsformhülse bzw. Sleeve ausgebildete Farbübertragungsform;

Fig. 22

ein Teilschnitt durch einen als Vollzylinder oder - strichliert angedeutet - als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Farbgravurzylinder mit Sleeve;

Fig. 23

ein teilschnitt durch eine mehrschichtig aufgebaute Sleevewand;

Fig. 24

eine Schrägansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels für einen mit Sleeve zu bestückenden Zylinderkörper;

Fig. 25

ein Längsschnitt durch einen Zylinderkörper gemäß Fig. 24 in einer ersten Ausführung als Hohlzylinder, exemplarisch in Ausführung mit der Unterstützung eines Sleevewechsels dienenden Auslassöffnungen und mit von Temperierfluid durchströmbaren Strömungskanälen;

Fig. 26

ein Längsschnitt durch einen Zylinderkörper gemäß Fig. 24 in einer zweiten Ausführung als Vollzylinder, exemplarisch in Ausführung mit der Unterstützung eines Sleevewechsels dienenden Auslassöffnungen;

Fig. 27

eine Querschnitt durch den Hohlzylinder aus Fig. 26, exemplarisch in Ausführung mit der Unterstützung eines Sleevewechsels dienenden Auslassöffnungen und mit von Temperierfluid durchströmbaren Strömungskanälen;

Fig. 28

eine zweite Ausführung eines als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Zylinderkörpers mit zwei gegenläufig konisch verlaufenden Bauteilflächen zur Unterstützung eines Sleevewechsels;

Fig. 29

eine Seitenansicht eines Beispiels für ein Farbwerk mit linearbeweglicher Lagerung der Farbgravurzylinder;

Fig. 30

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Farbwerks gemäß Fig. 29 mit einer exemplarisch abgeschwenkten Lagerkappe;

Fig. 31

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Farbwerks gemäß Fig. 30 von schräg hinten;

Fig. 32

ein Längsschnitt (a) sowie eine Querschnittsansicht (b) eines Farbgravurzylinder, wie er beispielsweise in einem Farbwerk gemäß Fig. 30 und Fig. 31 eingesetzt oder einsetzbar ist;

Fig. 33

eine Seitenansicht eines weiteren Beispiels für ein Farbwerk mit linearbeweglicher Lagerung der Farbgravurzylinder;

Fig. 34

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines drei Farbgravurzylinder umfassenden Gestellteils;

Fig. 35

eine Schnittansicht durch eine Ausführung eines radial entnehmbaren Farbgravurzylinders;

Fig. 36

eine Schnittansicht durch eine Ausführung eines Farbreliefzylinders;

Fig. 37

eine Seitenansicht eines Druckwerks mit schematisch dargestellten Antriebsmitteln sowie mit Mitteln zu deren Steuerung- und/oder Regelung;

Fig. 38

ein detaillierterer Ausschnitt aus Fig. 37;

Fig. 39

eine schematische Darstellung zum Konzept zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder;

Fig. 40

eine zweite Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 41

eine dritte Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 42

eine vierte Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 43

eine Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder beim Drucken über mehrere Farbzüge, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 44

eine Lage der Prüfelemente aus Fig. 43 in korrekter Relativlage, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 45

eine schematische Darstellung eines Intensitätssignal a) in Umfangsrichtung und b) in Axialrichtung;

Fig. 46

eine schematische Darstellung zum Konzept zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbreliefzylinder und Formzylinder;

Fig. 47

eine zweite Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 48

eine Ausgestaltung von Prüffeldern zum Überprüfen und ggf. Einstellen oder korrigieren einer Relativlage von Farbgravurzylinder und Formzylinder beim Drucken über mehrere Farbzüge, a) in Axialrichtung und b) in Umfangsrichtung;

Fig. 49

eine schematische Darstellung eines Substratabschnittes mit die Axialrichtung und Umfangsrichtung von Farbgravur- und Farbreliefzylinder betreffenden Prüffeldern;

Fig. 50

eine Seitenansicht eines Druckwerks mit temperierten Farbwerks- und Druckwerkszylindern;

Fig. 51

ein vergrößerte Darstellung eine Ausschnittes aus Fig. 50;

Fig. 52

eine schematische Darstellung für den Verlauf eines Farbtransfers im Druckwerk in Abhängigkeit einer von der Temperatur am Umfang des Farbgravurzylinders;

Fig. 53

eine Seitenansicht eines Druckwerks mit radial verlagerbaren Farbwerks- und Druckwerkszylindern;

Fig. 54

eine schematische Darstellung eines Zylinderzuges mit radial verlagerbaren Farbwerks- und Druckwerkszylindern;

Fig. 55

eine schematische Darstellung einer gegenläufigen Abhängigkeit des Farbtransfers von der Stärke einer Druckbeistellung an einer Nippstelle unter Beteiligung eines harten und/oder eine Gravur aufweisenden Zylinders und an einer Nippstelle ohne Beteiligung eines solchen Zylinders;

Fig. 56

eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Abhängigkeit des Farbtransfers von der Betriebsgeschwindigkeit ohne jeglichen Ausgleich, mit teilkompensierender Überlagerung einer Variation in der Druckbeistellung einer ersten Nippstelle und mit Überlagerung einer Variation in der Druckbeistellung zweier Nippstellen;

Fig. 57

eine schematische Darstellung eines Prozesses zur Herstellung der Gravuren für den Farbgravurzylinder;

Fig. 58

ein Beispiele für Kurvenformen Transformationsvorschrift.

Show it:

Fig. 1a

a side view of a printing machine, in particular a gravure printing machine in a first embodiment;

Fig. 1b

a side view of a printing machine, in particular a gravure printing machine in a second embodiment;

Figure 2a

an enlarged representation of the printing unit Fig. 1a ;

Figure 2b

an enlarged representation of the printing unit Fig. 1b ;

Figure 3a

according to an enlarged section of the printed matter Figure 2a ;

Figure 3b

according to an enlarged section of the printed matter Figure 2b ;

Figure 4a

a schematic representation of i) a pattern of indentations on the forme cylinder, ii) a pattern of corresponding elevations on the inking unit cylinder having the elevations and iii) a pattern of corresponding indentations on the inking cylinder having the indentations inking cylinder;

Figure 4b

a schematic detailed representation of advantageous embodiments for the formation of the depressions on the inking unit cylinder;

Figure 5a

a side view of a first embodiment for the inking unit cylinder comprising the depressions with inking device;

Figure 5b

a side view of a second embodiment for the inking unit cylinder comprising the depressions with inking devices;

Figure 6a

an oblique view of the inking device Figure 5a ;

Figure 6b

an oblique view of the inking device Figure 5b ;

7

a top view of an inking device according to FIG Figure 5a ;

Figure 8a

a detailed view of the inking device according to FIG Figure 5a ;

Figure 8b

a detailed view of the inking device according to FIG Figure 5b ;

9

a detailed view of a bearing of the restraining means-bearing traverse with axial drive according to the embodiment Figure 6a ;

Figure 10a

a detailed section of the axial drive 9 from another direction;

Figure 10b

a detailed view of a storage of the inking device with axial drive according to the embodiment Figure 6b ;

11

a detail view of the color distribution device according to a first embodiment;

12a

a detailed view of the color distribution device 11 from diagonally below;

Figure 12b

a detail view of the color distribution device according to a second embodiment;

13

a detailed view of the linear guide from the inking device according to FIG Figure 5a ;

14

an overall view of the inking device arranged in the frame;

15

an embodiment of the inking device with an alternative configuration of the color master space;

16

a side view of the inking device with actuator;

17

a side view in Schmitt of the inking device according to FIG 16 ;

18

a perspective view of a color engraving cylinder bearing the engravings directly on its lateral surface;

19

a longitudinal section through a color engraving cylinder 18 , exemplarily in an embodiment with flow channels through which tempering fluid can flow;

20

a partial section through a solid cylinder or--indicated by dashed lines--designed as a hollow cylinder with a multilayer color gravure cylinder;

21

an ink transfer mold designed as an ink transfer mold sleeve;

22

a partial section through a solid cylinder or--indicated by dashed lines--designed as a hollow cylinder with color engraving cylinder;

23

a partial section through a multi-layered sleeve wall;

24

an oblique view of an embodiment of a cylinder body to be equipped with a sleeve;

25

according to a longitudinal section through a cylinder body 24 in a first embodiment as a hollow cylinder, for example in an embodiment with outlet openings serving to support a sleeve change and with flow channels through which tempering fluid can flow;

26

according to a longitudinal section through a cylinder body 24 in a second embodiment as a solid cylinder, for example in an embodiment with outlet openings serving to support a sleeve change;

27

a cross section through the hollow cylinder 26 , exemplarily in an embodiment with outlet openings serving to support a sleeve change and with flow channels through which tempering fluid can flow;

28

a second embodiment of a cylinder body designed as a hollow cylinder with two component surfaces running conically in opposite directions to support a sleeve change;

29

a side view of an example of an inking unit with linearly movable mounting of the color gravure cylinder;

30

a perspective view of an inking unit according to FIG 29 with a pivoted bearing cap as an example;

31

a perspective view of the inking unit according to FIG 30 from behind;

32

a longitudinal section (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) of a color gravure cylinder, as for example in an inking unit 30 and 31 is used or usable;

Figure 33

a side view of another example of an inking unit with linearly movable mounting of the color gravure cylinder;

34

a perspective view of a frame part comprising three color engraving cylinders;

Figure 35

a sectional view through an embodiment of a radially removable color gravure cylinder;

Figure 36

a sectional view through an embodiment of a color relief cylinder;

37

a side view of a printing unit with drive means shown schematically and with means for their control and / or regulation;

38

a more detailed snippet 37 ;

Figure 39

a schematic representation of the concept for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder;

figure 40

a second configuration of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 41

a third configuration of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 42

a fourth configuration of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 43

an embodiment of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder when printing over several color trains, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 44

a position of the test elements Figure 43 in the correct relative position, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 45

a schematic representation of an intensity signal a) in the circumferential direction and b) in the axial direction;

Figure 46

a schematic representation of the concept for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color relief cylinder and forme cylinder;

Figure 47

a second configuration of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of the color engraving cylinder and the forme cylinder, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 48

an embodiment of test fields for checking and, if necessary, adjusting or correcting a relative position of color engraving cylinder and forme cylinder when printing over several color trains, a) in the axial direction and b) in the circumferential direction;

Figure 49

a schematic representation of a substrate section with the axial direction and circumferential direction of color engraving and color relief cylinder relevant test fields;

figure 50

a side view of a printing unit with temperature-controlled inking unit and printing unit cylinders;

Figure 51

an enlarged view of a section figure 50 ;

Figure 52

a schematic representation of the course of a color transfer in the printing unit as a function of the temperature on the circumference of the color gravure cylinder;

Figure 53

a side view of a printing unit with radially displaceable inking unit and printing unit cylinders;

Figure 54

a schematic representation of a cylinder train with radially displaceable inking unit and printing unit cylinders;

Figure 55

a schematic representation of an inverse dependence of the color transfer on the strength of a Druckbeistellung at a nip point involving a hard cylinder and/or a cylinder having an engraving and at a nip point without the participation of such a cylinder;

Figure 56

a schematic representation of a dependence of the ink transfer on the operating speed without any compensation, with partially compensating superimposition of a variation in the pressure setting of a first nip point and with superimposition of a variation in the pressure setting of two nip points;

Figure 57

a schematic representation of a process for producing the engravings for the color gravure cylinder;

Figure 58

an example of a curve shape transformation rule.

A printing press, in particular a security printing press, comprises at least one printing unit 500, by which substrate S can be printed using at least one gravure printing process, for example a substrate feed 100, through which the substrate S to be printed can be fed to the printing press on the input side, a first conveyor section 200, through which the substrate S can be fed to the at least one printing unit 500, a product receptacle 400, through which the substrate S', which has been printed at least once, can be combined to form bundles, and a second conveyor section 300, through which the substrate S' can be fed to the product receptacle 400 - possibly via additional processing units is.

The printing machine is z. B. formed as a sheet-fed printing machine, in particular as a sheet-fed gravure printing machine, preferably as a sheet-fed printing machine printing in an intaglio printing process. The intaglio printing process is a gravure printing process which is preferably used for the industrial production of banknotes, security documents or security elements.

The printing machine according to the invention, which prints according to a gravure printing process, in particular in an intaglio printing process, comprises in a preferred embodiment as Sheet-fed printing press in addition to the at least one printing unit 500 that operates according to a gravure printing process, in particular an intaglio printing process, preferably at least one substrate feed 100 embodied as a sheet feeder 100, by means of which a substrate S to be printed in the form of, in particular, stacked substrate sheets S, e.g. B. substrate sheet S, in particular security sheet S, is provided on the input side of the printing press or at least can be provided. The rectangular substrate sheets S have z. B. an edge dimension in the range between 475 x 450 mm and 700 x 820 mm; the grammage of the substrate sheet S is z. B. in the range between 70 g/m ² and 120 g/m ² . It also includes a sheet system 201 included in the first conveyor line 200, by means of which substrate sheets S provided at the sheet feeder 100 are z. B. via linear conveyors 202 and / or one or more transfer drums 203 or a first printing unit 200 of the printing press in a sequence, d. h are fed individually one after the other or at least can be fed. A swing gripper system is preferably provided in order to transfer the substrate sheets S to the first transfer drum 203 . Downstream of the last printing unit or of a last printing unit 500, the printing press also has e.g. g. a transport device 301 comprised by the second conveyor section 300, embodied, for example, as a circulating conveyor belt or as a circulating chain system, in particular a chain gripper system, to which the substrate sheets S' printed at least by the printing unit 500 are connected directly or via at least one or more, e.g. B. from the second conveyor line 300 comprised intermediate cylinders are transferred, with substrate sheets S` transferred to the transport device 301 being transported by means of this to a subsequent processing unit or to a delivery device 400, here a stack delivery device 400, e.g. B. multi-stack delivery, formed product receptacle 400, are transported or at least can be transported and are stored there or at least can be stored. In execution off Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b the stack delivery 400 points in the transport direction T of the substrate sheets S; S' considers e.g. B. four stacks or stack spaces 401 arranged one behind the other. In the area of the transport device 301, an undesignated, e.g. B. optoelectronic, preferably camera-based inspection system be arranged, by means of which a quality of the printed substrate sheet S` is checked or at least can be checked. The substrate sheets S' are checked in particular for their freedom from defects in comparison with a given template. Depending on this test result, the substrate sheets S' are then placed on a specific stack of the multi-stack delivery.

In the case of a printing press designed as a web-processing machine, the printed images of a specific print length are or will be replaced by substrate sheets S; S' formed substrate sections S; S' are formed by repeating lengths formed in a row S; S', which are then wound into a product roll or into a substrate sheet S; S' are or can be cut and stacked.

In principle, the at least one printing unit 500 that operates according to a gravure printing process in the first and/or second conveyor line 200; 300 one or more further printing units working according to the same or different printing processes can be provided.

, insbesondere m ≤ 3), z. B. dreifachgroß, ausgeführt und ist zur Aufnahme von m, z. B. m = 3, Druckformen 504 hintereinander und/oder zum Bedrucken von m z. B. m = 3, Drucklängen, insbesondere zur Aufnahme und/oder bedrucken mehrerer z. B. m = 3, Substratbogen S je Umdrehung ausgeführt. Die Gravuren 514 sind bevorzugt in einer äußeren Metallschicht der Druckform 504 vorgesehen, welche nach Einbringung der Gravuren 514 mit einem harten metallenem Material, insbesondere mit Chrom, beschichtet ist bzw. wurde.Printing unit 500 that operates according to an intaglio printing process, in particular an intaglio printing process, hereinafter also referred to as intaglio printing unit 500, in particular intaglio printing unit 500 or intaglio printing unit 500, comprises at least one printing unit cylinder 501 that is also effective and/or designated as impression cylinder 501 and a printing point with impression cylinder 501 502 forming printing unit cylinder 503, in particular intaglio printing cylinder 503, designed as forme cylinder 503 for gravure printing, impression cylinder 501 and forme cylinder 503 preferably being or at least being set against one another under high pressure. In the form of a sheet-shaped substrate S; The impression cylinder 501 preferably comprises one or m axially extending cylinder channels on the circumference, each with a holding means, e.g. B. a gripper bar, through which the sheet-shaped substrate S resting on the impression cylinder 501 can be conveyed through the printing point 502. The forme cylinder 503 carries on its circumference one or more printing forms 504 with a print image to be printed, e.g. B. subject, underlying pattern of depressions 514, hereinafter referred to as "engravings" 514, regardless of their production, unless explicitly specified. Where this is not explicitly differentiated, the printing forme 504, in particular gravure printing forme 504, should be either a cylinder outer peripheral surface comprising the indentations 514 or engravings 514 itself or a preferred embodiment as a detachably arranged or arrangeable on forme cylinder 503, the indentations 514 or engravings 514 comprehensive printing form 504, e.g. B. as a pressure plate 504 or possibly as a printing forme sleeve. Preferably, the forme cylinder 503 is "multiple sized", e.g. B. m-fold, (with $\mathrm{m}\in \mathbb{N}\le 5$

, especially m ≤ 3), e.g. B. triple large, and is designed to accommodate m, z. B. m = 3, printing forms 504 in a row and / or for printing m z. B. m = 3, print lengths, in particular for recording and / or print several z. B. m = 3, substrate sheet S performed per revolution. The engravings 514 are preferably provided in an outer metal layer of the printing form 504, which is or was coated with a hard metal material, in particular with chromium, after the engravings 514 had been made.

The printing unit 500 or the printing machine for printing the substrate S, in particular the substrate sheet S, is preferably designed with multiple copies. The applied to a print or repeat length and / or a substrate sheet S; S' or substrate section S; The overall image assigned to S' is preferably formed by the print images of a multiplicity of copies N _i to be printed on the substrate S in several columns next to one another and in several rows one behind the other, e.g. B. banknotes N _i formed. Accordingly, the engraved pattern of a printing forme 504 assigned to the printing length is characterized by a corresponding number of patterns of indentations, e.g. B. Motif engravings formed. In principle, a number of first rows or Columns with a plurality of first patterns of depressions 514 first panels N _i , e.g. B. banknotes of a first currency and/or a first denomination, and a number of second rows or columns with a plurality of second patterns of depressions 514 of second blanks N _i , e.g. B. banknotes of a second currency on a print length or printing form 504 may be included.

The print image to be printed by the printing unit 500 can in principle be a single, e.g. B. over the entire print width and length, ie a substrate section S; S 'reaching image motif have. In the preferred case here, a plurality per substrate section S; However, the same image motifs are printed on at least a plurality of copies N _i , preferably on all copies N _i , of the copies N _i to be printed. Such an image motif can be a spatially isolated printed image area with complete image information, such as portraits, cultural sites, objects of daily use, landscape details or the like. Alternatively, the image motif can also be alphanumeric information or a regular or irregular pattern - e.g . B. without actual representational meaning - be given. An image motif can also be a combination of the above characteristics. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the image motif to be printed in gravure or intaglio printing can be a security feature or part of one that is distinguished, for example, by a particularly high resolution in terms of color and/or color density of in particular raised features applied in gravure or intaglio printing , lines or print elements.

It is also possible for a number of such image motifs, spatially separated from one another, to be provided for each panel N _i .

A removal device 506, e.g. B. a wiping device 506 with a wiping cylinder 507, against the forme cylinder 503 employed or at least employed. The wiping cylinder 507 is on its lateral surface e.g. B. coated with a plastic.

The forme cylinder 503 or a printing forme 504 provided on it can be inked in one color or preferably in multiple colors by an inking unit 508 . This inking unit 508 can, in its entirety or in sections, be separated from the printing unit cylinder 501; 503 including the printing unit part 509 can be mounted such that it can be moved away and/or can even be designed to be divisible.

The inking unit 508 comprises—with respect to the direction of ink transport in the inking unit 508 viewed at the upstream end—an inking device 511 supplied or capable of being supplied with printing ink 517, for example by an ink supply system, through which a—e.g. B. first - inking unit cylinder 512 can be colored. In the area of its lateral surface 518, this inking unit cylinder 512 comprises indentations 513, hereinafter also referred to as "engravings" 513, regardless of their manufacture, unless explicitly specified, which correspond to the or a part of the engravings 514 on the printing forme 504 of the forme cylinder 503. This does not mean that they have to have the same dimensions and the same depth z as the corresponding engravings 514, but rather that their shape and/or depth z are in a defined relationship to one another, which is or is obtained, for example, using specified or to be specified laws. A greater width b513, e.g. g. as line width b513, and/or a greater depth z than for the corresponding engravings 514 on forme cylinder 503 or the printing forme 504 it encompasses or carries.

For example, for at least some of the depressions 514 on forme cylinder 503, corresponding depressions 513 on color gravure cylinder 512 are on all sides of depression 513, for example by at least 20 µm and/or by at most 200 µm, advantageously by at least 50 µm and/or at most 150 µm, in particular 80 up to 120 µm, preferably 100 ± 5 µm larger than the corresponding depressions 513 on the forme cylinder 503. For at least some of the indentations 514 on the forme cylinder 503, a line width b513 or width b513 on the color gravure cylinder 512, e.g. B. at least 40 microns and / or at most 400 microns, advantageously at least 100 microns and / or at most 300 microns, in particular 160 to 240 microns, preferably 200 ± 10 microns larger than that of the corresponding depression 514 on the forme cylinder 503. Narrow line structures on the printing form 504, the inking unit cylinder 512 comprising the engravings 513 can, for example, partially merge to form larger engraved areas. With a partial merging of engravings 513 z. B. two or more such partially contiguous depressions 513 as a result of the above enlargement compared to the depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 and z. B. only a small distance coherent, for example, the depressions 513 are recognizable at least on an unfused longitudinal section. Areas of depressions 513 that have been fused in this way can also be present, so that as a result of the enlargement and because of a high line density on the forme cylinder 503, individual, e.g. B. internal depressions 513 in such an area are no longer isolated. Nevertheless z. B. in the following such - due to a transfer of the individual depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 according to a law on individual, in this case -overlapping depressions 513 on the color gravure cylinder 512 are also considered as corresponding to depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503.

For the sake of simplicity, the inking unit cylinder 512 comprising the engravings 513 is also referred to as “ink engraving cylinder” 512, independently of the production of the depressions 513, unless explicitly specified.

, insbesondere n = 1, 2 oder 3.The outside diameter of the color gravure cylinder 512 is preferably in a ratio of 1:n to the outside diameter of the forme cylinder 503 $\mathrm{n}\in \mathbb{N}<10$

, in particular n = 1, 2 or 3.

The first inking unit cylinder 512, which in the region of its lateral surface 518 comprises depressions 513 corresponding to depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503, can be dyed by the inking device 511 at an application point located on its circumference. The “application point” should also be understood to mean a circumferential section extending in the circumferential direction, at which ink is applied to the first inking unit cylinder 512 by the inking device and/or contact is made with the printing ink 517 provided. The application at the application point can in principle be designed in any way.

In a preferred embodiment, the inking device 511 inking the color gravure cylinder 512 comprises an ink original space 516, which is at least partially delimited on the side facing the color gravure cylinder 512 by its lateral surface 518 (see e.g. Figure 3a and Figure 3b , Figure 5a and Figure 5b as well as 15 ). Eg opening out or protruding into the color original space 516 - e.g. B. in its axial position in the middle - the opening of at least one - stationary or axially moving - ink supply line, through which the proportion of used printing ink 517 in the ink master space 516 is or can be replaced. Under the color original space 516 z. B. is generally understood to be the space in which the printing ink 517 that is to be applied and is in contact with the lateral surface 518 is located. Depending on the design, this can be a color space 516 that is open at the top, open at the bottom, or closed at the top and bottom.

The engravings 513 or depressions 513 of the inking unit cylinder 512 are, for example, depressions with a depth z (513) of, for example, up to a maximum of 0.3 mm, in particular a maximum of 0.2 mm compared to the unengraved lateral surface area.

Downstream of the color gravure cylinder 512 is in the inking unit 508 a color to be inked by this - z. B. second - inking unit cylinder 519 provided in the region of its - preferably elastic and / or compressible - outer surface 521 by lower-lying bumps 522 separated by locations or areas; 524; 524' in order in the region of these elevations 522; 524; 524' with the outer surface of the next inking or printing unit cylinder 531; 503 to work together. A color transfer is then z. B. only in the area of these elevations 522; 524; 524'. A color transfer is then z. B. only in the area of these surveys 522; 524; 524'. The elevations 522; 524; 524' lie with their surface in a cylindrical surface area, which represents the effective cylinder diameter of the color relief cylinder 519 for printing.

The elevations 522; 524; 524' can be raised areas 522 in a first embodiment, which correspond to engraved areas 523 of the printing form 504 to be inked. These engraved areas 523 are assigned, for example, to the individual image motifs and cover, for example, in a first embodiment--for example, monochrome image motifs--the entire area of the image motif or the engravings 504 relating to it on the forme cylinder 503. Such elevations 522 are, for example, areas 522 with a surface that extends over an image motif from a large number, e.g. B. more than 100, of engravings 504 provided on the forme cylinder 503 and/or around elevations 522 spatially spaced apart from one another, which extend over spatially separate, in particular not intertwined, image motifs, as is known, for example, from the prior art.

In an advantageous embodiment - which is fundamentally independent, but particularly advantageous in connection with color gravure cylinder 512 and/or multicolor printing - the engravings 504 of the same image motif provided on forme cylinder 503 on color relief cylinder 519 have a smaller raised area 522 or a raised area 522 than the area of the image motif elevation 522 that does not extend over all engravings 504 relating to the same image motif and is provided on the color relief cylinder 519. Such a region 522 extends, for example, over an uninterrupted area or a closed area of the same Color gravure cylinder 512 or indentations 514 belonging to a part of an image motif to be inked with the same color on the forme cylinder 503--particularly irrespective of the line density present there. On a color gravure cylinder 512 z. B. provided one or more areas 522 with a maximum diameter of its extent of less than 50 mm.

The elevations 522; 524; 524 'are in an advantageous embodiment on several different color relief cylinder 519 of the z. B. designed as a multi-color printing unit printing unit 500, in particular such that they cover the engravings 514 of the image motif on the forme cylinder 503 overall. One or a plurality of disjointed elevations 522; assigned to the same image motif; 524; 524' may be provided on the same color relief cylinder 519 and e.g. B. coloring the engravings 504 of image parts of the same color.

The above areas of elevations 522 are e.g. B. to areas 522, each extending over only part of an image motif or part of the image motif related depressions 514, wherein another part of the same image motif or the image motif related depressions 514 by one or more respective elevations 522 on a another color engraving cylinder 512 of the printing unit 500 is or is covered. When unrolled on forme cylinder 503, these elevations 522 of the same image motif provided on different color engraving cylinders 519 relate to parts of the same image motif or the associated engravings 504 that are adjacent to one another, for example at least partially intertwined and/or _{interpenetrating} parts Area of a copy N _i provided image motif areas 522 of several, z. B. two, three, four or even five color gravure cylinders 519 assigned.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, on the lateral surface 521 - elevations 524 corresponding in particular to individual engravings 514 (e.g. individual point, area or preferably line-like engravings 504) of the forme cylinder 503 or the printing forme 504; 524, e.g. B. in the form of a relief with point, area or preferably line-shaped webs 524; 524', provided which z. B. viewed in plan view and/or in unrolling have a shape and surface correlating to the shape and/or surface of the respective depression 514 . The latter does not mean that the surveys 524; 524' must have the same surface dimensions as the corresponding engravings 514, but that their shape is in a defined relationship to the shape of the corresponding engraving 514 of the printing form 504, which is or is obtained here, for example, using established or to be established laws. Webs 524; 524' merge into a larger structure of an elevation 524`, as explained below, whereby the edge area, however, due to the underlying law, e.g. B. corresponds to the underlying engravings 513. For the sake of simplicity, the raised areas 522 and/or elevations 524; 524' including inking unit cylinders 519, where not explicitly specified, are also referred to as "ink relief cylinders" 519, regardless of the type and design of the elevations 524. For elevations 524 on the color relief cylinder 519 that correspond to engravings 514 on forme cylinder 503, a greater width b524 is preferably provided than the width b514 or knitting width b514 of the corresponding engravings 514 on forme cylinder 503 or printing forme 504.

As already mentioned, for example, individual, z. B. corresponding elevations 524 on the color relief cylinder 519 merge partially or in total to form larger elevations 524`. With an only partial merging of elevations 524; 524' are e.g. B. two or more partially contiguous bumps 524; 524' as a result of the above-mentioned enlargement compared to the depressions 513; 514 on the color gravure cylinder 512 or on the forme cylinder 503 and z. B. only a small distance from each other contiguous, for example the elevations 524; 524' are still individually recognizable at least on an unfused longitudinal section. Entire areas of merged elevations 524; 524' may be present in such a way that, as a result of the enlargement and because of a high line density on the forme cylinder 503 and/or on the color engraving cylinder 512, individual, e.g. B. internal depressions 513 in such an area are fused and are no longer resolved or recognizable in isolation. Nevertheless, in the following such - as a result of the transfer of the individual depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 to individual, in this case overlapping - elevations 524; 524' on the color gravure cylinder 512 (e.g. in contrast to the above-mentioned rough areas 522) are also regarded as corresponding to indentations 514 on the forme cylinder 503, since they have, for example, a specified specification from the individual engravings 513 on the forme cylinder 503 and/or on the color gravure cylinder 512 result and/or reveal the underlying structure of the depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 at least partially at the edge. The individual engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 503 are therefore also the basis for the pattern of corresponding elevations 524 in the event of fusions occurring; 524', which as a result of the laws applied to individual engravings 514 in this sense are also to be understood as corresponding to individual depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503. In addition, at least a number of elevations 524 that are actually resolved individually, ie elevations 524 that correspond exactly to an engraving 513, are preferably also included on the lateral surface 521 of the color relief cylinder 519.

Especially in the case of the above Raised areas 522 with a greater extent than individual elevations 524, this second inking unit cylinder 519 is also referred to as a stencil cylinder 519.

In principle, all elevations 524; 524' on the color relief cylinder 519 as such individual or in the above sense merged correlated, corresponding elevations 524; 524' or possibly just part of the elevations 522; 524; 524', in which case one or more larger raised areas 522 can additionally be provided in the latter case.

In the surveys 522; 524; 524` are, for example, elevations 522; 524; 524` with a height of, for example, between 0.03 and 2.0 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 1.2 mm compared to the non-printing background. In this case, for example, the non-printing base is provided at the same depth, so that with elevations rolling in the same cylindrical enveloping surface, the elevations have the same height above the ground. For the embodiment with only larger raised areas 522, their height above the ground can be greater than that of the elevations 524 correlated to individual engravings 514; 524'.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the width b524 of elevations 524 on color relief cylinder 519 that correspond to engravings 514 on printing forme 504 is greater than the width b513 of the engravings 513 that correspond to them on color engraving cylinder 512, and the width of these engravings 513 on color engraving cylinder 512 is in turn greater than the width b514 of the corresponding engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 503 or on the printing forme 504 (see e.g. 4 ).

For example, several individual elevations 524; 524' on the color relief cylinder 519 on all sides of the elevations 524; 524', for example by at least 20 µm and/or at most 200 µm, advantageously by at least 50 µm and/or at most 150 µm, in particular 80 to 120 µm, preferably by 100 ± 5 µm larger than the respective corresponding indentations 513 on color gravure cylinder 512 and /or e.g. B. at least 40 microns and / or at most 400 microns, advantageously at least 100 microns and / or at most 300 microns, in particular 160 to 240 microns, preferably 200 ± 10 microns larger than the corresponding depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 for example, for at least some of the depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503, a line width b524 or width b524 of the corresponding depressions 524; 524' on the color relief cylinder 519 z. B. at least 40 microns and / or at most 400 microns, advantageously at least 100 microns and / or at most 300 microns, in particular 160 to 240 microns, preferably 200 ± 10 microns larger than the corresponding depression 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512 and / or z . B. at least 80 µm and/or at most 800 µm, advantageously at least 200 µm and/or at most 600 µm, in particular 320 to 480 µm, preferably 400 ± 20 µm larger than the corresponding depression 514 on forme cylinder 503.

In the version with corresponding elevations 524; 524 'are on the lateral surface 521 of the color relief cylinder 519 - possibly among other things - z. B. several to individual engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 503 corresponding elevations 524 are provided, the z. B. on all sides at most 400 µm, in particular at most 300 µm, preferably at most 200 µm larger than the corresponding indentation 514 on the forme cylinder and/or several elevations 524 corresponding to a group of indentations 514 on the forme cylinder 503 by area-wise merging resulting contiguous elevations 524', the contiguous elevations 524' preferably each occupying a contiguous area which results from the superimposition of the relevant corresponding depressions which are each enlarged on all sides by at most 400 µm, in particular by at most 300 µm, preferably by at most 200 µm 514 of the forme cylinder 503 and/or which protrudes on all sides by a maximum of 400 μm, in particular a maximum of 300 μm, preferably a maximum of 200 μm, beyond the surface resulting from a shortest envelope curve around the depressions 514 in question. On the color relief cylinder 519, for example, several, e.g. B. at least five, such individual or connected by fusion elevations 524; 524' provided.

In contrast to the above Raised areas 522, in which the raised area 522, for example, regardless of the density of depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 over the surface of a plurality, z. g. more than fifty adjacent engravings 514 on forme cylinder 503 and at the edge of which no structure of elevations 524 corresponding to individual depressions 514 on forme cylinder 503 can be seen, elevations 524, preferably elevations 524, are provided as engravings 514 on printing forme 504, which in the area of their smallest diameter, i. H. a shortest distance between edges or edges lying opposite one another, for example a maximum width b524 of 1 mm, in particular at most 0.8 mm, and/or a width b524 greater by at most 0.8 mm, preferably at most 0.6 mm, than the have the corresponding engraving 514 on the forme cylinder 503 and/or which z. B. depict individual engravings 514 on forme cylinder 503 with a width b524 greater by a maximum of a factor of ten, preferably a maximum of a factor of three, and/or which engravings are spaced apart from one another, for example by 1000 μm or less, preferably by a maximum of 600 μm, in particular by a maximum of 500 μm 514 individually on the forme cylinder 503, i. H. colored or can be colored by elevations 524 spaced apart from one another. As elevations 524' merged from individual corresponding elevations 524--in contrast to the above-mentioned raised areas 522 - e.g. B. superimpositions of elevations 524 obtained individually from corresponding depressions 514 via a lawful enlargement and/or z. B. Elevations 524' with a largest diameter of less than 20 mm, in particular less than 10 mm. There are e.g. B. at least one number, in particular a plurality of such individually resolved and/or merged elevations 524; 524' on the color relief cylinder 519, in particular on a surface corresponding to a blank Ni.

In the embodiment preferred here, with the above-mentioned corresponding elevations 524; 524', for example, an area of corresponding elevations 524; 524' of a first color to be printed or on a first color relief cylinder 519 on all sides of corresponding elevations 524 belonging to the same image motif; 524' of a second color or a second color relief cylinder 524; 524' e.g. B. of the same printing unit 500 and/or areas of corresponding elevations 524; 524' of a first color or on a first color relief cylinder 519 and areas of corresponding elevations 524 belonging to the same image motif; 524' of a second color to be printed or on a second color relief cylinder 519 be intertwined or penetrate each other in unrolling.

In a preferred embodiment with z. B. above surveys 524; 524' are e.g. B. more than 50, in particular more than 100, in special designs also more than 250 such, spaced, ie non-contiguous, elevations 524; 524' on the color relief cylinder 519 and/or z. B. at least 5, advantageously at least 10, in particular more than 25, in special designs also more than 50, such, spaced, ie non-contiguous, elevations 524; 524' on a lateral surface area corresponding to a blank N _i on the color relief cylinder 519.

In an embodiment that is advantageous for the case of a particularly high resolution, the color relief cylinder 519 comprises e.g. B. Bumps 524; 524', which in the area of their smallest diameter has a width b524 of no more than 0.6 mm and/or a width b524 that is no more than 0.3 mm greater than the width b514 of the corresponding engraving 514 on forme cylinder 503 and/or which individual engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 504 with a maximum width b513 that is greater by a factor of three and/or which, for example, individually depict engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 503 that are spaced apart by 0.5 mm or less.

For example, areas with more than 20 or more than 50 (individually resolved and/or merged) discontinuous bumps 524; 524' on a area of 10 cm ² , preferably on an area of 1 cm ² , and/or with two or more discontinuous elevations 524; 524' which leads to an adjacent elevation 524; 524' have a distance of at most 1000 μm, in particular at most 500 μm, preferably at most 300 μm. For example, the color relief cylinder 519 comprises on its lateral surface 21 a number of regions of such a surface density and/or resolution of elevations 524 corresponding to the number of copies Ni to be printed; 524', which are arranged in rows and columns according to the grid of the copies Ni to be printed.

Areas with an above-mentioned areal density and/or resolution of elevations 524; 524', at least five elevations 524; 524 'have and / or z. B. extend over at least 1 cm ² , in particular over at least 2 cm ² . The elevations 524; 524' may not be evenly distributed within such an area and/or may be part of a larger area, which e.g. B. also elevations 524; 524' in a lower areal density and/or higher resolution.

Basically independent of the presence of an area with an above-mentioned number, area density and/or resolution, but preferably in connection with this, the color relief cylinder 519 can have areas on the lateral surface 21, in particular a number of areas corresponding to the number of copies, which are in an area of 10 cm ² total z. B. at least five, preferably at least ten, discontinuous bumps 524; 524'.

By designing the color relief cylinder(s) 519 with, for example, corresponding—individual and/or fused—elevations 524; 524', color resolutions and/or image effects that cannot otherwise be realized in gravure or intaglio printing can be realized. This applies not only, but particularly in connection with the above-mentioned color engraving cylinder 512.

The engravings 513 on color gravure cylinder 512 are provided, for example, directly on lateral surface 518 of color gravure cylinder 512, which is at least encompassed by the outer circumference of color gravure cylinder 512, or on the outer circumference of an ink transfer form designed as a printing form, which is in the form of an im Scope closed color transfer mold sleeve 637, z. B. a so-called. Sleeves 637, or as a finite gravure form, z. B. with leading and trailing color transfer mold end can be formed.

The raised areas 522 or bumps 524; 524'of the second inking unit cylinder 512 can also be provided in an advantageous embodiment on the surface of an ink transfer forme, which is in the form of an ink transfer forme sleeve closed on the circumference, e.g. B. a so-called sleeve, is detachably arranged or can be arranged on a rotatably mounted or storable cylinder body in the inking unit 508.

The inking device 511 comprises, on at least the side of the above-mentioned Application point a restraining means 526, z. B. a squeegee or an ink knife, through which or which viewed in the operating direction of rotation D after the application of ink - and in particular in front of a nip point 776 with a subsequent inking unit cylinder 519 - previously applied to the lateral surface 518 printing ink 517 can be removed.

In particular, inking device 511 has such a retaining means 526 on at least the downstream side of ink original space 516 in operating direction of rotation D of ink gravure cylinder 512, through which, viewed in operating direction of rotation D, on the output side of ink original space 516, i.e. in the region of the downstream end of ink original space 516, on the previously contact with the lateral surface 518 on this entrained printing ink 517 can be removed. In this embodiment of the application of paint, the ink template space 516 is delimited by the retaining means 526 on its downstream side in the circumferential direction.

The inking device 511 is preferably without color zones, i. H. for example, without individually adjustable ink zones, and/or with a continuous retaining means 526 in the axial direction over the printing width and/or without individually adjustable ink knife sections.

The inking device 511 preferably also includes a sensor device 594, through which a measure of the amount of ink and/or filling level present in the ink original space 516, but at least information about the reaching of a critical filling state, e.g. B. for a lower and / or an upper limit of the level can be derived.

In a first, e.g. In an embodiment that is advantageous, e the preferably hard and unyielding lateral surface 518 of the color engraving cylinder 512, is formed, preferably with a variable or adjustable stripping force, in particular a squeegee, by means of which printing ink 517 applied to non-engraved areas can be removed - essentially completely. This means that an entry of printing ink 517 at points where no printing ink 517 is required on the forme cylinder 503 can be reduced particularly greatly from the outset. Complete removal of the printing ink 517 should also be understood to mean the case in which traces of printing ink 517 still remain on unengraved lateral surface areas despite squeegeeing off with physical contact. In contrast to ink knives, with which the ink layer thickness required for operation - e.g. B. in zones - is adjustable by the gap between the cylinder jacket and ink knife, and which z. B. at a standstill to avoid an outflow of ink to the lateral surface can be moved, the retaining means 526, which is in contact with the preferably hard and unyielding lateral surface 518 of the ink gravure cylinder 512, is to be understood as such that is engaged during operation to scrape the ink off the lateral surface 518. A suitable for this purpose squeegee z. B. higher demands on the abrasion resistance of the standing in working position and / or hardness in physical contact end of the squeegee than would be required for an adjustable ink knife and spaced apart during operation. On the other hand, there should be a certain elasticity and/or resilience so that it rests against the lateral surface 518 in a resilient manner and/or over the entire width. The retaining means 526 embodied as a squeegee is formed at least in a section adjoining the squeegee edge 566 with a thickness of 0.7 to 1.3 mm, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 mm. In addition to this or independently of this, the version with a touch contact provided during operation, e.g. B. an actuator 551, which moves the squeegee against the lateral surface 518 not only up to the first touching contact, but also up to an at least slight elastic deformation caused by the positioning.

The restraining means 526, in particular as a stripping means, e.g. B. as a squeegee, is advantageously designed "positive" or arranged accordingly "positive" in the inking device 511, i. H. employed or can be employed with an inclination to the tangent, so that the tangent at the point of contact with the restraining means 526, z. B. stripping means, in particular the squeegee, on the side of the ink original space 516 forms an acute angle. This angle prevails z. B. at least in the area of the active end, d. H. in one, e.g. B. at least 3 mm long, end section of the restraining means 526, which interacts with or without contact with the lateral surface 518.

In an advantageous embodiment of the pattern of indentations 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512, particularly in connection with the design of the retaining means 526 as a squeegee in touching contact during operation, indentations 513 on the forme cylinder 503 are corresponding - in particular linear - indentations 513 on the Color gravure cylinders 512 are at least not all designed without interruptions, but rather have--particularly in the case of indentations 513 of great length, e.g. B. for depressions 513 with lengths of at least 500 microns - at least in part at least one support point 515, in particular a support web 515, which interrupts the depression 513 corresponding to the continuous depression 514 on the forme cylinder 503 on the second ink cylinder 512 and/or or which lies within the envelope of a depression whose shape corresponds to a continuous depression 514 on forme cylinder 503, and whose upper side lies at the level of the undisturbed, i.e. unengraved, lateral surface 518 of color engraving cylinder 512 to support the doctor blade (see Fig e.g. in Fig. 4a,iii exemplarily indicated by two engravings 513 in the lower area of the illustration). Such a supporting web 515 preferably connects two wheels lying on different sides of the depression 513 in question with an upper side lying at the undisturbed level. These interpolation points 515 or Support webs 515 prevent elongated depressions 513 - z. B. squeegee edge 566 collapsing, no matter how slight, which can lead to irregularities in the squeegee edge 566 and/or to abrasions on the edges of depressions 513 in the case of a large number of repetitions.

Preferably, however, such support points 515 or support webs 515 are not placed individually in individual indentations 513, but rather when indentations 513 to be provided on color gravure cylinder 512 are derived from imaging indentations 514 on forme cylinder 503, in particular when transforming from or imaging indentations 514 to be provided in specifications for corresponding indentations 513 to be provided on the color gravure cylinder 512, such as e.g. B. explained in more detail below, also taken into account or provided.

Support points 515 or support webs 515 of this type can in principle--by means of appropriate software, for example--be "random", ie randomly, not regularly Arrangement be provided or what z. B. brings advantages in terms of avoiding visible structures. In a solution that is advantageous with regard to the reliability of secure support, however, supporting points 515 or supporting webs 515 are superimposed on the pattern of depressions 513 on the color gravure cylinder 512 in a regular structure 525 (see, for example, FIG. 4ii). This is preferably at least the entire area of depressions 513 of the same image motif to be inked on the forme cylinder 503, e.g. B. all lines or the lines of a color extract of the image motif to be displayed, such as a portrait, a building, a representation of fauna or flora, superimposed. The result of the superimposition is that where the imaginary structure 525 and a depression 513 on the color gravure cylinder 512 intersect, an elevation with a height that is at the level of the undisturbed lateral surface 518 is or is provided. That is, the structure 525 is only recognizable in the region of the depressions 513 at the support points 787 or webs 787 running there according to the pattern 525 and is made up of z. B. in adjacent depressions 513 continue accordingly.

In principle, such a regular structure 525 of supporting webs 787 can be designed in different ways. For example, support webs 787 can be provided along straight and parallel lines of an open line structure 525 (see, for example, FIGS. 4b, i and ii). Instead, support webs 787 on walls of closed, circular or polygonal structures such. B. honeycomb structures 525 (see e.g. Fig. 4b, iii ) can be provided, or along opposite directions (see e.g. Fig. 4b, iv ) or co-rotating wave structures 525 (see e.g. Fig. 4b, v ) or along structures 525 provided in some other way in an open or closed form. B. as a line structure 525 with straight lines overlaid on the pattern of depressions 513, the lines running straight and parallel to one another and being spaced apart from one another by, for example, 300-700 μm, advantageously 400-600 μm and/or for example 20°-30° 25°-35°, in particular 30°±2°, against a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the Color gravure cylinder 512 on the lateral surface 518 running line or run inclined towards the squeegee edge 566 and / or at the level of its surface z. B. have a web width of 30-50 microns, in particular 35-45 microns, preferably 40 ± 2 microns. In Fig. 4b z. For example, an example of the underlying structure 525 and a representation of an image section with a correspondingly emerging structure are given for each of the structural forms mentioned. The reference number 515 for the webs was placed in brackets, since these are only indirectly recognizable here.

In a second, e.g. In an embodiment that is advantageous in terms of wear, for example, the inking device 511 can comprise, for example, a retaining means 526 embodied as a preferably adjustable ink knife on at least the side of the application point or ink original space 516 that is downstream in the operating direction of rotation D of the ink engraving cylinder 512, through which in the working or operating position a small, preferably adjustable distance of z. B. at least 2 microns, in particular at least 5 microns and / or for example less than 100 microns, advantageously less than 50 microns, in particular less than 20 microns, to the lateral surface 518 of the color gravure cylinder 512 can be produced or produced during operation. As a result, the printing ink 517 applied to non-engraved areas is limited to a small layer thickness of z. B. at least 2 microns, in particular at least 5 microns and / or for example less than 100 microns, advantageously less than 50 microns, in particular below 20 microns, limited or limitable.

In particular in connection with an at least extensive removal of the printing ink 517, i.e. the complete removal or the removal except for a thin layer, from the non-engraved lateral surface areas of the color gravure cylinder 512, a significant application of color is achieved selectively at desired locations, which is why the engravings 513 or depressions 513 having inking unit cylinder 512 or color gravure cylinder 512 is also referred to as "selective cylinder" 512.

The color relief cylinder 519 has, for example, a—preferably elastic and/or at least slightly compressible—material layer on its circumference, which forms the lateral surface 521 on its outside and has the raised areas 522 or elevations 524 or depressions lying in between.

The color gravure cylinder 512 to be inked by the inking device 511 and the downstream color relief cylinder 519 represent here - possibly with one or more serially arranged inking unit rollers or cylinders - an inking unit 529, hereinafter also referred to as inking train 529, through which or which printing ink 517 of a specific color can be entered into the printing unit 500 and conveyed in the direction of the forme cylinder 503 or is being conveyed.

In principle, this color train 529 can be located in the area of the downstream end, e.g. B. directly with the lateral surface 521 of the stencil cylinder 519, with the forme cylinder 503 or its printing forme 504 can be arranged in the printing unit 500 in cooperation. In an embodiment that is advantageous in terms of multi-color printing, several, e.g. B. at least two such color trains 529 can be arranged around the forme cylinder 503. One or more of the above-mentioned Color trains 529 executed with color engraving cylinder 512 and one or more differently executed, e.g. B. conventional, trained without color gravure cylinder, color units 532, z. B. color trains 532, for example, be associated with an ink fountain comprehensive ink fountain and an ink fountain roller with a flat surface.

In the case of a plurality of color trains 532, a so-called color separation of the print image, ie a partial print image assigned to this color to be applied, is inked by each of these, for example. The pattern of depressions 513 and/or elevations 524; 524' or raised areas 522 on the relevant inking unit cylinder 512; 519 of two color trains 529 are therefore, at least to a large extent, different from one another. In particular, the relevant inking cylinders 512; 519 have different patterns of indentations in each area of the lateral surface 518 corresponding to the same image motif to be printed at the printing point 502.

In an embodiment that is to be preferred--particularly with regard to multi-color printing--the color train 529 is in the area of the downstream end, e.g. B. the color relief cylinder 519, with another, z. B. acting as a transfer cylinder 531 inking unit cylinder 531 arranged to work together. This is in turn arranged in the printing unit 500 to interact with the forme cylinder 503 and preferably has an elastic and/or compressible lateral surface.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the printing unit 500 as a multicolor printing unit 500--particularly set up for simultaneous multicolor printing at the printing point 502--the additional inking unit cylinder 531 is designed or effective as an ink collection cylinder 531. Here, several, z. B. at least two color trains 529 executed in the above manner with color engraving cylinder 512 or a combination of one or more color trains 529 executed in the above manner with color engraving cylinder 512 and one or more differently executed, e.g. B. conventional, trained without ink engraving cylinder, color trains 532 with, for example, an ink fountain comprehensive ink fountain and an ink fountain roller with a flat surface on the circumference of the ink collecting cylinder 531 can be arranged. For example, a total of five color trains 529; 532 may be provided, of which, for example, three - z. B. lower - color trains 529 as selective printing ink 517 entering color trains 529 (short selective color trains 529) and the other two - z. B. upper - color trains 532 are conventionally formed (see e.g. Figure 2b ). In principle, however, another heterogeneous division and/or positioning of selective and conventional color trains 529; 532, e.g. B. a lower and an upper color train 532 of five color trains 529; 532 conventional and three selective color trains 529 in between, or a homogeneous design with only selectively developed color trains 529 may be provided.

In principle, the inking device 511 can be placed anywhere on the free, i. H. be arranged cooperating with the lateral surface 518 on the circumference that is not covered by the nip point 776 for the color relief cylinder 519 or possibly other components.

In a first embodiment (see, inter alia, e.g. Fig. 1a , Figure 2a and Figure 3a ) the inking device 511 can, however, be arranged on the side of the color gravure cylinder 512 facing away from the color relief cylinder 519. The above line of contact or line of smallest distance is z. B. on the side facing away from the color relief cylinder 519 side.

A line of contact formed between the stripping means, in particular a squeegee, when retaining means 526 is configured as a stripping means, and that of lateral surface 518 of color gravure cylinder 512, or when retaining means 526 is configured as an ink knife, the line of the smallest distance on the circumference of color engraving cylinder 512 is therefore in this first embodiment for positioning the inking device 511 on a peripheral section of the color engraving cylinder 512, which is on the side facing the color relief cylinder 519, in particular viewed in the operating direction of rotation D before the intersection line with the above-mentioned vertical plane. In the case of a contact line, a touch contact is of course also to be understood, which, viewed in the circumferential direction, has a real non-zero width, e.g. B. has a width of up to 2 mm. In the case of physical contact, this can be caused by the squeegee edge "snapping in" as a result of contact with the lateral surface 518 and/or it can be intended for better sealing.

In an alternative, and particularly advantageous second embodiment with regard to the color template and dosage (see, among other things, e.g. Fig. 1b , Figure 2b and Figure 3b ) the inking device 511 is arranged on the side of the color gravure cylinder 512 facing the color relief cylinder 519. This is under one side of the color gravure cylinder 512 is to be understood as a half-space lying on one side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of rotation R512 of the color gravure cylinder 512.

Here z. B. For both the first and alternative embodiments, an arrangement of the color engraving and associated color relief cylinder(s) 512; 519 in the printing unit 500 in such a way that in Print-On the connecting plane of the axes of rotation R512; 519 of color engraving and associated color relief cylinder 512; 519 for all, several or at least for one, e.g. B. a third of five, comprised by the printing unit 500 color gravure cylinder 512 with the horizontal at most an angle of 60 °, preferably at most 45 °. Such an arrangement represents an arrangement of the main inking unit components aligned predominantly in the horizontal direction—namely from the ink supply, through the selective transfer and, if necessary, ink collection and inking of the forme cylinder 503. Versions are functionally the same components or groups of components, no distinction is made here in the reference symbols used for this purpose.

The inking cylinders 512; 519; 531 and the inking device 511, together with the printing unit cylinders 501; 503 may be provided in a common frame or in a separate one, for example from the printing unit cylinders 501; 503 supporting frame different frame 533; 538, e.g. B. Subframe 533; 538.

The inking unit frame 533, 538 is designed to be divisible, basically independently of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above positions and/or designs. It includes a z. B. the at least and the inking device 511 and the color gravure cylinder 512 supporting frame 538, z. B. Partial frame 538, with frame walls provided on both sides, which can be separated and radially from a frame part carrying the color relief cylinder(s) 519 and, if applicable, the transfer cylinders 531, in particular horizontally, can be moved away or moved away, in order to form an operating and/or maintenance space for the operating personnel in between, for example in the open state. This frame part can also contain the printing unit cylinders 501; 503, but is preferably designed as a partial frame 533 assigned only to the inking unit 508, which in turn carries the printing unit cylinders 501; 503, which is preferably stationary, can be moved away radially from the printing unit part 509, in particular horizontally, in order, for example, to form an operating and/or maintenance space for the operating personnel in between in the open state.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above positions and/or designs, the inking device 511, but at least the restraining means 526, e.g. e.g. stripping means or squeegee or the inking blade, and if necessary the delimitation of the ink original space 516 on the inking unit 511 side, can be adjusted with respect to the radial position relative to the inking cylinder 512, for example closer to or closer to lateral surface 518 and less strongly or further away from it Lateral surface 518 movable (see z. B. indicated schematically by double arrow 534). The setting is done by an actuator 551, z. g. via a gear 527 comprised by actuator 551 and/or preferably by a remotely actuatable drive means 536 comprised by actuator 551. Actuator 551 is preferably designed such that, in particular for the design of retaining means 526 as a squeegee that makes contact during operation, of the squeegee, the squeegee is tracked towards the lateral surface 518 or against this. In principle, this can be done by a control loop with a sensor that registers the shortening and a drive motor 536 as the drive means, or by a drive motor 536 that is controlled with respect to the applied torque as the drive means. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the drive means 536 is designed as a force-based drive means 536, preferably by a fluid-actuated actuator 536, z. B. working cylinder 536, in particular pneumatic cylinder 536. In this way, in particular when the retaining means 526 is designed as a squeegee, a contact force can be ensured and/or varied in a targeted manner by selecting the pressure level. In execution of the restraining means 526 as - z. B. in the distance adjustable - ink knife, such a force-based drive means 536 can be adjustable, for example, against a - preferably adjustable - stop means. This adjusting movement preferably takes place at least in a region close to the cylinder, ie for example in at least the last 3 mm before reaching the lateral surface 518, linearly or at least approximately linearly. Thus, the conditions on the lateral surface 518 z. B. also obtained with a readjustment or with changing lengths of restraining means. In the event of a pivoting movement about a pivot axis, preferably with a radius of curvature that corresponds to at least twice the color engraving cylinder diameter. Particularly advantageous is a movement or a guide that enforces it, for which the angle of inclination of the restraining means 526 or of the entire moving arrangement—e.g. B. to the horizontal or to the tangent of the color gravure cylinder 512 at the point of impact when tracking due to wear and / or when turning on and off - is retained. The movement preferably runs linearly in the squeegee blade plane, ie in the direction of the extension running from the holder to the first contact with the color engraving cylinder 512 . The movement can be defined by a guide 576 that defines the path of motion, which is included in the drive train between the drive means 536 and the component to be moved, or forces the component to be moved onto the path of movement parallel to the drive train acting on the component. The parts delimiting the angle of inclination of the restraining means 526 or the color original space 516 on the part of the inking device 511, e.g. B. in relation to the horizontal, maintaining guidance 576 can z. B. be provided in particular as a straight linear guide 576 or as a parallelogram guide 576. For this purpose, the inking device 511 or at least the retaining means 526 and the parts forming the ink original space 516 on the side of the inking device 511 are directly or indirectly attached to a side part 537, e.g. B. lateral frame part 537, in particular Side plates 537, correspondingly movably mounted, which in turn is fixed to a frame 538 of the inking unit 508 or preferably to holding means 539, e.g. B. end-side side parts 539 of a subframe moved along with the color engraving cylinder 512. For the preferable case that the color gravure cylinder 512 z. B. for adjustment purposes or for switching on and off in the radial direction in the frame 538 of the inking unit 508, is supported by the cylinder-fixed mounting, i.e. coupled to the color gravure cylinder 512, of the inking device 511 or of the frame part 537 carrying the inking device 511 when the position of the color engraving cylinder 512 changes, a constant relative position of the retaining means 526 to the lateral surface 518 is ensured. The front side parts 539 can, for example, fixed to an outer, non-rotating, but z. B. in turn eccentrically mounted bearing ring of a radial bearing 672; 691 may be arranged, which receives a front-side cylinder pin 559 or a front-side end 559 of a shaft carrying the inking unit cylinder 512 . In the following, such a shaft end is also referred to as a journal 559 or cylinder journal 559 of the color engraving cylinder 512, if not explicitly distinguished. This example, eccentric running bearing ring or this bearing ring eccentrically receiving outer ring is z. B. mounted in a frame bore and formed for example as an eccentric ring 733, in particular as an eccentric bushing 733.

To stiffen the base, the two side parts 539 - z. B. in one of the rotation axis R512 (in Figure 5b insertion of the color engraving cylinder 512 - be stiffened by a cross brace 605, in particular cross member 605 (see e.g. indicated as an example in Figure 5b and Figure 10b ).

The actuating mechanism and its drive can in principle be designed in such a way that, in addition to adjusting the position of the restraining means 526 and/or the contact force or a distance, a maintenance or For set-up purposes, the inking device 511 must be switched off over a large travel distance, e.g. B. at least 50 mm, in particular 100 mm away, can take place. In an advantageous embodiment, however, the inking device 511, e.g. B. on the frame part 537, movable away from the color engraving cylinder 512, for example pivotable about an axis 541 provided on the frame part 537. The moving to and fro can be done manually or by a remotely operable drive means.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above positions and/or designs, the inking device 511, but at least the restraining means 526, e.g. e.g. as a stripping means or squeegee or as a paint knife, and possibly the delimitation of the ink original space 516 on the part of the inking device 511, in the relative axial position to the ink engraving cylinder 512 can be moved, in particular oscillated, for example oscillating between a right-hand reversal position and a left-hand reversal position movably stored. This movement corresponds to Am Figure 3a and Figure 3b of a movement into or out of the plane of the page and is therefore only indicated by a slightly sloping double arrow 542 and the symbols representing an arrow end and an arrowhead. This oscillating movement preferably takes place over a total stroke of at least 2 mm, e.g. B. a stroke between 3 and 8 mm, preferably between 4 and 6 mm. The storage of the inking device 511 or at least the restraining means 526, e.g. B. as a stripping means or squeegee or ink knife, and possibly the limitation of the ink original space 516 on the part of the inking device 511 is designed to an axial oscillating over a stroke of at least 2 mm, z. B. between 3 to 8 mm, preferably between 4 to 6 mm stroke. The axial movement takes place via an axial drive 552, for example oscillating drive 552, z. g. via a transmission 528 comprised by oscillating drive 552 and/or preferably by a remotely controllable drive means 543 comprised by oscillating drive 552, in particular an electric motor 543. Inking device 511 or at least that Retaining means 526, in particular the squeegee, and the parts forming the ink original space 516 on the side of the inking device 511 are mounted so that they can move axially, for example on the frame part 537 or the frame, frame part or partial frame 538 carrying the ink engraving cylinder 512. This bearing, which enables the axial relative movement, can, as explained above, be provided directly or indirectly on the frame 538 of the inking unit 508 or preferably on a holding means 539 fixed to the cylinder. A frequency for the axial oscillation is, for example, between 0.05 and 1.00 Hz, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 Hz.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above positions and/or designs, a device 544 for the axial equalization of the color level in the color master space 516, e.g. B. a paint distribution device 544, in particular paint stirring device 544, is provided. This comprises, for example, at least one paint distributor 546 acting as distributor finger 546, or in particular paint stirrer 546, whose front end 553 - at least in the working position - protrudes into the paint template space 516, in particular to such an extent that it has one end 553 in the operational area in front of retaining means 526 or the Squeegee fill level immerses or can immerse. Instead of the immersing end 553 or preferably in addition thereto, the ink distributor 546 of the ink distribution device 544 can comprise an ink outlet 619, which is moved or can be moved back and forth axially in the ink template space 516 on the ink distributor 546 and thereby distributes printing ink 517 to be supplied. During operation, the particularly viscous printing ink 517 stored in the ink original space 516 forms what is known as an inking roller, which is formed directly in front of the retaining means 526 through contact with the lateral surface 518 moving past. The at least one color distributor 546 is axially movable, for example, directly or indirectly on the frame 533 supporting the inking device 511; 538 or preferably on a side part 537; 558 of the inking device 511 or directly on a cross member 547 that may be provided, e.g. B. Traverse 547 stored. For example, it is arranged on a carriage 548, which is or axially movable on a linear guide 549 and driven by a drive means 581, z. B. an electric motor 581, is movable back and forth. In an advantageous first embodiment (see, for example, based on the first embodiment for the arrangement and/or design of the inking device 511 in 11 and 12a ) for example via a gear converting a rotation into a linear movement - can be moved back and forth by a drive means 581 designed as an electric motor 581 . In a second advantageous embodiment (see e.g. as an example based on the second embodiment for the arrangement and/or design of the inking device 511 indicated in Figure 12b ) by a drive means 581 designed as a piston-cylinder system 581 that can be actuated by pressure medium. In this case, for example, a piston connected to the carriage 548 carrying the paint distributor 546 is moved in an axially running pressure medium chamber 565, e.g. B. cylinder 565, reciprocated. In a preferred embodiment, the pressure medium chamber 565 runs in a traverse, in particular in the above-mentioned traverse 547 carrying the squeegee holder 554 or the carriage 548 with squeegee holder 554. The two chambers can be supplied with pressure fluid, in particular under overpressure, on both sides of the piston through two separate pressure fluid lines 545 stationary compressed air, be supplied or by such a pressure fluid line 545 via a controlled switching valve.

Advantageously, the paint manifold 546 is moved back and forth at a frequency of at least 0.3 Hz, preferably at least 0.5 Hz.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned positions and/or designs, the color gravure cylinder 512 is functional - ie for example for replacement or for maintenance and/or armament purposes and/or or z. B. without dismantling other inking unit components - can be found in the inking unit 08 or its frame 533; 538 stored. In one embodiment, this can be a removal in the axial direction of the inking unit cylinder 512 or in another Execution be a removal in the radial direction.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned Positions and/or versions of the color engraving cylinder 512 can be temperature-controlled, in particular designed so that temperature-control fluid can flow through it.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned Positions and/or configurations, the temperature of the printing ink 517 to be supplied to the ink original space 516 can be controlled in the line path upstream of an exit into the ink original space 516. For this purpose, a temperature control device 604, in particular a heating device 604, is provided, for example, in the paint supply line path.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned Positions and/or designs, in a preferred embodiment, the color engraving cylinder 512 is rotary by its own drive from the other inking unit cylinders 519; 531 and/or printing unit cylinder 501; 503 mechanically independent drive means 616, e.g. B. drive motor 616 can be driven.

Without restricting the above versions and variants, a first advantageous exemplary embodiment (see e.g. Figure 5a , Figure 6a , 7 , Figure 8a , 9, 10a , 11 , 12a , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 and 17 ) and a second advantageous embodiment (see e.g. Figure 5b , Figure 6b , Figure 8b , Figure 10b and Figure 12b ) for the design and/or arrangement of inking device 511 in more detail, with inking device 511 being arranged on the side of color gravure cylinder 512 facing away from color relief cylinder 519 in the first exemplary embodiment, and on the side facing away from color relief cylinder 519 in the second exemplary embodiment Side of the color engraving cylinder 512. The restraining means 526 acts z. B., for example as an inking blade or in particular as a squeegee, in the first embodiment on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 rotating upwards together with this during operation and in the second embodiment on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 rotating downwards during operation. The latter applies in particular to the design of the inking unit 508 with an additional transfer cylinder 531, in particular an ink collection cylinder 531.

The inking device 511 comprises, on at least the side of the above-mentioned Application point or the color original space 516 the restraining means 526, z. B. a squeegee or an ink knife, through which or which viewed in the operating direction of rotation D after the application of ink - and in particular before passing through a nip point 776 with a subsequent inking unit cylinder 519 - previously applied to the lateral surface 518 printing ink 517 can be removed. In this embodiment, the retaining means 526 is preferably designed as a squeegee and completely removes printing ink 517 previously applied to the lateral surface 518 from unengraved areas in the above sense.

The line of contact or, in the embodiment of the retaining means 526 as an ink knife, the line of the smallest distance on the circumference of the ink engraving cylinder 512 is preferably in the area of the upper half, e.g. B. in the range of 10 ° to 30 ° above the horizontal running through the axis of rotation R512, the ink engraving cylinder 512, and for the second embodiment preferably in the region of the lower half, z. B. in the range of 70° to 89° below the horizontal line dividing the color gravure cylinder 512 in the middle. The retaining means 526, which is preferably designed here as a squeegee, is held, in particular clamped, in a two-part retaining means holder 554, in particular a squeegee holder 554. B. color space side and in a second version z. B. on the outside - a receiving bar 556 carrying the restraining means and on the other side a detachable one with the former connected, e.g. B. screwed, terminal or cover strip 557 has. The restraining means holder 554 or the receiving strip 556 can, for example, be designed to be self-supporting and directly, e.g. B. directly on side parts 537; 558, e.g. B. side frame members 537; 558, e.g. side plates 537; 558, but is preferably mounted on or on a cross member 547, z. B. the traverse 547 arranged, the z. B. on both sides of the front frame parts 537; 558 is stored. In the first embodiment of the arrangement of inking device 511, a part of receiving bar 556 that continues downward forms the rear boundary of ink original space 516, either alone or together with any crossbeam 547 provided or another component that may be provided. In a first embodiment variant of this first embodiment, the ink original space 516 is open at the bottom, except for an ink distributor 546 that may protrude into it from below, an ink distribution device 544 that may be provided and/or an ink collection device 561 that may be provided underneath, for example during operation or afterwards dripping ink 517. In this case, for example, a guide device 563, z. B. a one-part or multi-part guide plate 563 that just about touches or only almost touches the lateral surface 518, which guides the printing ink 517 to the lateral surface 518 in order to be transported by it again in the direction of rotation to the retaining means 526. Including a collection container 562, z. B. a collecting tray 562 for receiving printing ink 517 running out of the ink original space 516 at a standstill, for example, can be provided.

From the operative side edge 566 of the restraining means 526, e.g. B. the squeegee edge 566 which is spaced from the receiving bar 556 for the arrangement of the inking device 511 in the first embodiment on the color template space side, for example a barrier 564 rising into the color template space 516, e.g. B. Drip Barrier 564, is provided by which run-off of ink 517 at the rear boundary is counteracted. This barrier 564 can be formed by shaping the receiving bar 556 or by a separate, angled bar 564 .

Irrespective of the arrangement of the inking device 511 in the first or second embodiment, the restraining means holder 554, in particular the receiving bar 556, is designed to accommodate restraining means 526 of different lengths and/or to accommodate restraining means 526 with different free lengths, i. H. the length of the section of the restraining means 526 not clamped in the restraining means holder 554 or supported by the receiving strip 556. The length of the retaining means 526 or the section thereof is considered to be from the front edge facing the color gravure cylinder 512 to the rear edge remote from the cylinder or to its clamping point or point of support. The axial extent of the restraining means 526 is to be considered here as its width. In addition to or instead of this, the retaining means holder 554 is designed to accommodate retaining means 526 of different strengths and/or, in addition to a retaining means 526 effective for removing printing ink 517, a support element (not shown), which compensates for a height difference for thinner retaining means 526 and/or which is mounted on the cylinder-near side protrudes from the retaining means holder 554 and the retaining means 526--particularly in the case of the embodiment as a doctor blade provided for the physical contact--is supported on that side which forms an obtuse angle with the cylinder tangent in the line of contact.

In an advantageous configuration of inking device 6511, restraining means 526 of different thickness and/or rigidity can be provided and/or can be used in restraining means holder 554.

Regardless of the arrangement of the inking device 511 in the first or second embodiment, the color original space 516 is frontally closed by side parts 567, e.g. B. side plates 567 limited. These side parts 567, also referred to as side seals, close the color template space 516 from the side and have the side 568 facing the color gravure cylinder 512, e.g. B. sealing side 568, a to cooperating cylinder peripheral section complementary profile. In this way, this side can be placed against the cylinder peripheral section in question with almost no gap. The side parts 567 can be formed from an at least slightly compressible and/or elastic material, or on the side 568 effective for sealing, an overlay made from a flexible material, e.g. B. compressible and / or elastic material. The side parts 567 are z. B. arranged on the front side of the receiving strip 556 of the restraining means holder 554 and/or on the cross member 547 carrying it, in particular releasably fastened. They can be movably mounted in the direction of color gravure cylinder 512 and z. B. by spring means, z. B. compression spring, be biased in the direction of color engraving cylinder 512. In the contact position, the two side parts 567 interact directly with the lateral surface 518 having the engravings 513 or, in the case of an ink transfer form carried by the ink engraving cylinder 512 and having the engravings, preferably with edge regions of this ink transfer form.

In an advantageous embodiment, in addition to the retaining means 526 that delimits the ink original space 616 downstream in the direction of rotation, in particular to the retaining means 526 embodied as a doctor blade, a removal device 572 can be provided behind the retaining means 526 in the direction of rotation, through which on the edge of the retaining means 526 can be removed from the edge before it is detached and entrained on lateral surface 518, or in another embodiment, printing ink 517 that has accumulated and been entrained can be retained by the second inking unit cylinder 519 before it enters nip point 776.

For this purpose, a holding device 569 can be connected to the receiving strip 556 of the restraining means holder 554 and/or to the cross member 547 carrying it and/or to the frame 538 or side parts 539 of the above-mentioned underframe, on which - preferably in connection with the arrangement of the inking device 511 in first Execution - a removal device 572, which is to be provided if necessary and is explained in more detail below, is arranged, in particular can be arranged in a detachable manner.

The components directly surrounding the color original space 516 on the side of the inking device 511, e.g. B. at least the restraining means holder 554 including restraining means 526, if necessary the cross member 547, if necessary the side parts 567, a possibly provided removal device 572 or holding device 569 for a removal device 572 and possibly fixed to these components but z. B. for maintenance or set-up purposes detachably arranged other components such. B. further restraining means and/or any inking blade drives provided, are also referred to in their entirety below as ink master unit 571, especially in connection with a restraining means 526 embodied as an inking blade also as ink fountain 571.

This color original unit 571 can preferably be removed as a whole from the inking device 511 (see, for example, using the second embodiment for the arrangement of the inking device 511 in Figure 6b indicated, but is also shown rotated by 180° about a vertical central axis from the other side for viewing purposes), but can advantageously be moved at least within inking device 511 from a working position to a maintenance or set-up position that is further away from color gravure cylinder 512. For this purpose, the color template unit 571 - such. B. as an example based on the execution Figure 3a and Figure 5a shown - e.g. B. movable, in particular linearly movable, directly on the frame, frame part or partial frame 538 carrying the color engraving cylinder 512 or preferably on a side part 537; 558, e.g. B. frame part 537; 558, in particular a side plate 537; 558, which in turn is mounted directly or indirectly - for its part movable or rigid - on the frame, frame part or partial frame 538 carrying the color engraving cylinder 512. The linearly movable mounting preferably takes place via a linear guide 573, e.g. B. dovetail guide 573. Such as. B. as an example for the execution Figure 3b and Figure 5b based on e.g. B. the Figure 6b shown, the means of restraint holder 554 and the color original unit 571 comprising the retaining means 526 can be removed as a whole from the inking device 511, in particular from the crossbeam 547 remaining in the inking device 511 and directly or indirectly carrying the retaining means holder 554. In this case, the color original unit 571 is attached by means of fastening means not specifically designated in the figures, e.g. B. via screws or a lock, indirectly or directly on the cross member 547 can be fixed.

The configurations and configurations of details presented above and below for one of the configurations and/or arrangements of the inking device 511 "by way of example" can - unless explicitly stated to the contrary or obviously not applicable - analogously relate to the general approach or alternately to the other configuration transfer.

In an advantageous embodiment already mentioned above, the retaining means 526, in particular the color original unit 571 comprising the retaining means 526 and/or delimiting the color original space 516, is controlled by an actuator 551 with z. B. a drive means 536 and / or a gear 527, adjustable in its or their radial position relative to the color gravure cylinder 512, in particular on this and can be removed from this. Actuating drive 551 is preferably designed - particularly in the case of a removal means 526 provided for physical contact - so that, in the event of abrasion of the effective edge and a resulting shortening of restraining means 526, restraining means 526 is repositioned in such a way that the desired and/or present Employment, in particular contact force and/or position, of the squeegee edge on the lateral surface 518 is retained. For this purpose, for example, a sensory determination of the shortening or relief caused by abrasion can be provided or take place by means of appropriate sensors and a corresponding motorized readjustment by a motorized drive means. Alternatively, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the drive means 536 can be designed as a force-based drive means 536, preferably as a pressure-actuated working cylinder 536, in particular pneumatic cylinder 536. The force, in this case the pressure, can preferably be varied within at least one adjustment range. In this way, a specific contact force can be guaranteed and/or varied in a targeted manner by selecting the pressure level, particularly when the retaining means 526 is designed as a squeegee. In execution of the restraining means 526 as - z. B. inking blade that can be adjusted at a distance, the restraining means 526 or the ink original unit 571 or the restraining means holder 554 carrying the restraining means 526 can be set against a—preferably adjustable—stop means by such a force-based drive means 536.

Although the positioning can in principle also be implemented by pivoting about a pivot axis, in a first advantageous embodiment - particularly in connection with a possible oscillating movement and/or an inking device 511 lying on the side of the color engraving cylinder 512 facing away from the color relief cylinder 519 - the radially movable bearing is advantageous a guide 576 designed as a parallelogram guide 576 is provided. The color original unit 571, which comprises at least the retaining means 526, is mounted on both sides or on each side part 558 that mounts the color original unit 571 or the retaining means 526 in a relatively movable manner in the above sense on two rockers 574, in particular running in the manner of two opposite sides of a parallelogram. These two rockers 574 act on the color original unit 571 carrying the retaining means 526 or on the retaining means holder 554 at two points which are at different distances from the color engraving cylinder 512 and can be pivoted about correspondingly spaced pivot axes. On the frame side, they can be pivoted at the same distance from one another about respective pivot axes, the distance between the pivot axes on the respective rocker 574 being the same for both rockers 574 .

In particular, in the execution of the guide as a parallelogram guide 576, the rockers 574 are, for example, in the event that the restraining means 526 or this comprehensive color template unit 571 is designed to be axially movable or changeable, preferably as an elastically deformable rocker arm 574, e.g. B. as sheet metal strips formed.

On the frame side, the rockers 574 can be mounted directly on the frame, frame part or frame part 538 that supports the ink engraving cylinder 512, or on a one-part or multi-part side or frame part 537 indirectly connected to such a frame, frame part or frame part 538. On the frame side, the rockers 574 are preferably mounted on that one-part or multi-part side or frame part 537 on which the drive means 536 causing the adjusting movement acts on the frame side. If necessary, an electric motor is provided as the drive means 536, but here a working cylinder 536 actuated by pressure medium, in particular a pneumatic cylinder 536, is preferred. In the event that one of the above If axial mobility or oscillating is provided, drive means 536 is coupled to the ink original unit 571 or the retaining means holder 554 on the drive side via a coupling that absorbs the relative movement, for example as shown in the example for the first embodiment of inking device 511, via an articulated connection 577, e.g . B. via a ball joint head 577, or such. B. provided as an example for the second embodiment of the inking device 511 on a non-changing part of the inking device 511, z. B. the non-changing cross member 547 here.

In - e.g. An alternative embodiment of the guide 576 as a linear guide 576 that is advantageous, e. 576.2 (see e.g. as an example based on the second embodiment for the arrangement and/or design of the inking device 511 in Figure 5b set forth), one of which is arranged fixed to the frame on the inking unit frame 533, 538 or on the above-mentioned partial frame 538 and the guide element 576.2, which is movable relative thereto, with the retaining means 526 of the inking device 511 directly or indirectly connected is. An-positioning is preferably done here via a fluid-actuated actuator 536, which is preferably against a resilient element 535, z. B. at least one compression spring 535 works. The travel is possibly limited by an adjustable stop on the side of the on position.

The guide elements 576.1 fixed to the frame are, for example, together with the drive means 536 and the optionally provided resilient element 535 in a housing 555, e.g. B. Bearing housing 555 arranged, which directly or indirectly on the inking unit frame 533, 538 or on the o. Subframe 538 is arranged.

In particular when guide 576 is designed as a linear guide 576 and/or, for example, in the event that retaining means 526 or an ink copy unit 571 that includes it is designed to be axially movable or oscillating, however, the guide elements 576.2 associated with inking system 511 are not rigid and are directly connected to the Retaining means 526 connected, but with a retaining means 526 - preferably axially movable - supporting component, z. B. one or the above-mentioned cross member 547. The restraining means 526 is, for example, on a carriage 575, z. B. carriage 575 is arranged, which is mounted in one or more axially running guides 585 so that it can move axially (see, for example, using the second embodiment for the arrangement of the inking device 511 in Figure 8b ). In the case of the removable color original unit 571, this is, for example, detachably arranged or to be arranged on the axially movable carriage 575.

The color gravure cylinder 512 and the inking device 511 can be arranged directly on the printing couple frame or on the subframe 538 (533) in question. In an advantageous development, they are mounted on side parts 578 of a subframe that supports color engraving cylinder 512 and inking device 511, which can be moved as a unit, in particular along a horizontal direction, on guides 579, for example via plain bearings or, in particular, roller bearings can be moved, in particular with the color engraving cylinder 512 on or off the downstream inking unit cylinder 519.

In an advantageous embodiment with an oscillating or oscillating retaining means 526 or an oscillating or oscillating ink original unit 571, the axial drive 552 is basically an axially acting linear drive, e.g. B. an electric motor rotated and reversible in the direction of rotation spindle drive, in particular ball screw drive, or a reversible linear motor in the direction of movement can be provided. In an embodiment preferred here, the axial drive takes place via a gear 528 that converts the rotation of a drive means 543 designed as an electric motor 543 into a linear movement.

In a first embodiment (see, for example, based on the second embodiment for the design and/or the arrangement of the inking device 511 in Figures 9 and 10a ) includes this gear 528, for example, an eccentric to a z. B. perpendicular to the desired axial direction of rotation axis rotatable drive element 583, in particular one with an axis of rotation z. B. perpendicular to the desired axial direction running eccentric disc 583, which engages in a recess 584, which is fixed in the transverse direction or at least rigidly connected to the restraining means holder 554, one-part or multi-part transmission means 586 is provided. The latter or the latter can or can, for example, an extension 586, z. B. a tab 586, which is on the color original unit 571 directly or - is arranged on the color original unit 571 radially movably mounted side part 558 - in the case of the above-mentioned removability. Viewed in the axial direction, the recess 584 has a clear width which corresponds to the outer diameter of the eccentric disk 583 or is slightly larger. Perpendicular to this, a larger clear width is provided, for example, which corresponds at least to the diameter of the eccentric disk 583 plus twice the eccentricity. The eccentric disk 583 can be driven directly by the electric motor 543, or via a gear 587, e.g. B. here a corner drive 587, be driven.

In a second embodiment (see, for example, based on the second embodiment for the design and/or the arrangement of the inking device 511 in Figure 6b and Figure 10b ) This gear 528 also includes an eccentric to a z. B. perpendicular to the desired axial direction of rotation axis rotatable drive element 583, here in particular an eccentrically on the end face of a driven by the electric motor 543, z. B. with its axis of rotation perpendicular to the desired axial direction extending shaft 595, arranged coupling 583 here z. B. as a one- or multi-member coupler 586 trained transmission means 586, z. B. a one-piece or multi-piece linkage 586. The shaft 595 can be formed, for example, by the axis 595 of the electric motor 543 itself or by a shaft 595 that continues and/or is driven by it. The one- or multi-part coupler can act directly or indirectly on the color original unit 571, which can be moved axially as a whole, or on an axially moveable carriage 575. radially movably mounted side part 558 is arranged. Viewed in the axial direction, the recess 584 has a clear width which corresponds to the outer diameter of the eccentric disk 583 or is slightly larger. Perpendicular to this, a larger clear width is provided, for example, which corresponds at least to the diameter of the eccentric disk 583 plus twice the eccentricity.

The parts that determine the axial stroke due to the eccentricity, e.g. B. the eccentric disc 583 or the eccentric coupling 583 having shaft 595 can be exchangeable in an advantageous embodiment.

In an advantageous embodiment with an above-mentioned ink distribution device 544, the inking device 511 comprises an above-mentioned device 544 for axial color distribution and/or equalization with an axially movably mounted ink distributor 546 viewed in the axial direction of the color gravure cylinder 512 (see e.g. double arrow 588). a paint manifold 546, e.g. B. distributor finger 546 is here, for example, via a carriage 548 on a - z. B. different from the above Traverse 547 - cross member 589, z. B. a further traverse 589, axially movably mounted, which in turn is directly or indirectly on the end face of the inking device 511-bearing frame 533; 538 or preferably on a side part 537; 558 of the inking device 511 is mounted. The ink distributor 546 of the ink distribution device 544 can include an ink outlet 619 instead of the immersing end 553 or preferably in addition thereto, which is or can be moved back and forth axially in the ink template space 516 on the ink distributor 546 and thereby evenly distributes the printing ink 517 to be supplied axially.

The - here z. B. single - color distributor 546 is arranged on a carriage 548, which is axially movably mounted in or on a linear guide 549 and - for example via a rotation into a linear movement converting gear 582 - by a drive means 581, z. B. an electric motor 581, movable back and forth. The gear 582 is preferably embodied here as a gear 582 that converts a rotation into a linear movement, in particular a traction mechanism gear 582 . It includes a - preferably circumferential - traction means 591, z. B. a toothed belt 591, on which the carriage 548 mounted in or on the guide 549, in particular linear guide 549, is fixed in such a way that it follows the axially moved traction means 591 or the strand of a revolving traction means 591, on which he - preferably detachable - is fixed. In this case, the traction means 591 is clamped, for example, to a block that is fixed to the carriage. Rollers, for example, are provided on the carriage 548 and interact with lateral, axially running guides. The traction mechanism 591 is, for example, by a - z. B. by the traction means 591 partially looped drive wheel 592, z. B. pulley 592, drivable or driven. This is driven or can be driven by the electric motor 581 directly or via a gear.

The movement reversal can be controlled, for example, via a non-contact sensor 617, e.g. B. a proximity switch 617 done. In addition, a Emergency stop switching element 618, e.g. B. designed as a mechanically actuated emergency stop switch 618, which is provided on the front side of the carriage 548 or with the carriage 548 axially moved component in its path of movement.

In the region of its front end 553, which is effective for the distribution, the distributor finger 546, e.g. B. a mixing head, 553, several stirring elements 593, which for example in the form of paddles or as - z. B. multi-row - arrangement of tines can be formed.

In an advantageous embodiment of one of the above The inking device 511 that includes the color distribution device 544 includes a sensor device 594, through which a measure of the amount of ink present in the color original space 516 and/or filling level, but at least information about the reaching of a critical filling state, e.g. B. for a lower and / or an upper limit of the level can be derived.

In a first advantageous embodiment (see e.g. in 12a exemplarily based on the second embodiment for the configuration and/or the arrangement of the inking device 511), an arm lying between the carriage 548 and the stirring head 553 comprises a section 596 for this purpose, which is designed with a lower transverse rigidity in the axial direction compared to the other arm sections. In particular, this section 596 is designed with such a reduced stiffness in the transverse direction that the arm in this section 596 in the working position during axial movement at operating speed and sufficiently filled ink template space 516 - at least in the axially central movement section and/or at maximum axial speed - experiences significant elastic bending . In this section 596, on at least one side pointing in the axial direction, preferably on both sides, there is a sensor 597 that extends in the longitudinal direction of the arm and detects expansion and/or compression. e.g. B. strain gauges 597 provided. The section 596 carrying the strain gauge(s) 597 can comprise adjoining arm sections due to a web-like taper 598 . The area of the taper 598 can be filled with compressible and/or elastic filling pieces 599. In principle, the arrangement of one or more such sensors 597 in a simple design—possibly with losses in accuracy—can also be provided on an arm with a homogeneous cross section.

In a second advantageous embodiment (see e.g. in Figure 8b exemplarily based on the second embodiment for the design and/or arrangement of the inking device 511), the sensor device 594 works without contact and/or comprises an optical sensor 597, which is aimed at a location in the color original space 516 and picks up radiation reflected from there. The measurement principle can be based on a reflection measurement with or without a specially provided illumination source. Alternatively, the sensor 597 can also be an acoustic sensor 597 that picks up acoustic signals reflected by the printing ink 517 .

The sensor device 594 or the strain gauge(s) 597 or other types of sensors 597 is/are operatively connected to evaluation and/or control means (not shown).

In normal operation, ie when the filling level is sufficient, the printing ink 517 present in the ink original space 516 provides a specific resistance for the ink distributor 546 which is in the working position and oscillates at the operating speed, which results in a specific operationally desired deflection and thus a specific signal. If the master space 516 now lacks ink 517, the resistance decreases and the signal representing the strain changes accordingly. A lower limit can be determined empirically, for example. Although an evaluation of the current fill level via a correlation of the signals with If the fill level is conceivable over a range, a simpler embodiment provides for monitoring when a limit value is reached, when a limit value is reached and a warning is given and/or preferably a specific quantity of printing ink 517 is refilled. For this purpose, the evaluation and/or control means relating to the filling level can be equipped with an actuating and/or conveying device 601, e.g. B. a valve or preferably a pump 601, be operatively connected, through which printing ink 517 from an ink reservoir 602, z. B. an ink tank 602, in the ink master space 516 can be conveyed. The funding is z. B. via a line system with at least one flexible and/or at least one rigid line section 603.

In principle, the printing ink 517 can be fed into the ink master space 516 at a z. B. central location or stationary at several axially spaced locations. This, for example, in particular in the event that none of the above Color distribution device 544 is provided. In an advantageous embodiment, the paint is supplied through the line system via a paint outlet 619 which opens into the paint template space 516 and which is moved back and forth axially in the paint template space 516 or can be moved. In the embodiment with the paint distribution device 544, the paint outlet 619 is preferably moved along with the paint distributor 553 and is in particular arranged on the paint distributor 553. The line section 603 leading to the paint outlet 619 or at least to a connection point on the carriage 548 can be flexible or, as explained here, rigid. In the case of a rigid design of at least one oscillating part of the line system, in particular the above Line section 603, a frame structure 621 can be provided on the side of the frame 538, which guides an upstream flexible line section 622 and/or offers protection for the operating personnel from collision.

In an advantageous embodiment, the feed system includes, in particular in the line system, a temperature control device 604, by means of which the printing ink 517 can be heated to a constant and/or desired operating temperature. This can basically anywhere in the conveying path between the ink reservoir 602 and the ink exit point, e.g. B. color outlet 619, provided in the color master space 516 and be executed in any manner. However, it is preferably designed here as a heating device 604 based on electrical resistance or a heating device 604 based on electromagnetic induction and/or is integrated into a—preferably rigid—line section 603, e.g. B. in the cable sheath, integrated. An advantageous embodiment comprises, for example, a tubular sleeve made of ferrous material which can be excited by a coil winding and which can be connected directly or via a non-magnetic and/or thermally highly conductive coaxially arranged sleeve, e.g. B. a copper sleeve that forms the actual line itself or surrounds such. The line section 603 and/or an end of the temperature control device 604 close to the outlet side is preferably close in the supply system, e.g. B. less than twice the length l639 of a cylinder body 639 of the color gravure cylinder 512 removed, provided for ink exit.

In addition to or instead of a heating device 604 provided in the line section 603, a heating device 604 in the pump 601, e.g. B. within the housing, especially in the area of the transmission.

In an advantageous embodiment, the inking device 511, particularly in the region of the color original unit 571 delimiting the color original space 526, such as B. in the area of the restraining means holder 554, means by which the temperature of the printing ink 517 located in the ink master space 526 can be controlled. Preferably, this -. B. in a wall of the color master space 526 delimiting parts or even in the color master space 526 itself - at least one fluid path, z. B. a channel or a line is provided, which can be flowed through with tempering fluid. For this purpose, this fluid path at an entry point 615, z. B. a detachable coupling piece 615, z. B. a valve coupling 615, tempering fluid can be supplied, which after flowing through the inking device 511, in particular the color original unit 571, such as. g. the restraining means holder 554, via an outlet the inking device 511 or Color original unit 571, e.g. B. the restraint device holder 554 leaves.

Particularly advantageous for an embodiment in which the retaining means 526 interacts with the side of the color gravure cylinder 512 rotating upward during operation, but not only for such an embodiment, precautions are taken that on the downstream side of the edge 566 of the retaining means 526 , e.g. B. the squeegee edge 566, no or at least a larger amount of ink 517 collects. This can, for example, be a measure according to which the restraining means 526 has an ink-repellent, e.g. B. oleophobic surface layer, e.g. B. has coating.

Instead of or in addition to this, a removal device 572 is provided, for example in a first embodiment, through which, if necessary, on the downstream side of the edge 566 of the restraining means 526, z. B. the squeegee edge 566, collecting ink 517 removable from this, in particular removable. Due to the highly viscous nature of the ink 517, this - e.g. e.g. even with the retaining means 526 employed as a squeegee - gradually pass under the edge 566 and accumulate on the other side. This can also be due to the conveying in the engravings 513. The removal from the downstream side of the edge 566 can basically be done in different ways. For example, a blowing device, e.g. B. a so-called.

In an advantageous, z. Am Figure 5a and Figure 6a illustrated embodiment includes the removal device 572 as a removal means 606; 606' - in its width extending in the axial direction of the inking cylinder 512, preferably over at least the entire width of the retaining means 526 and/or the through the Side parts 567 frontally limited ink original space 516 extending - cleaning belt 606, which is adjacent to the downstream edge 566 of the retaining means 526 at a small distance from the lateral surface 518 of the color gravure cylinder 512, z. B. less than 10 mm, z. B. less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm apart, is guided past this or can be guided past it. The cleaning belt 606 is or will be z. B. around a deflection element 607 running in the axial direction of the ink engraving cylinder 512 and in particular extending over at least the width of the cleaning belt 606. The distance from the edge 566 viewed in the direction of rotation is z. B. also less than 10 mm, z. B. less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm. Preferably, the fresh cleaning tape 606 is taken from a supply 608, e.g. B. a roll 608, possibly via one or more deflection elements 611, z. B. deflection rollers 611, introduced into the angle between the lateral surface 518 and the downstream side of the restraining means 526, there by a - deflection element 607, z. B. guide wedge 607, deflected, and possibly via one or more deflection elements 612, z. B. pulleys 612 collected in a receptacle 609, z. B. is wound onto a roll 609. An at least slightly absorbent cleaning belt 606, in particular a paper web 606, is preferably provided as the cleaning belt 606. The above-mentioned elements of the removal device 572 are preferably arranged in a common frame 613, which can be removed as a whole from the inking device 511, e.g. B. from the above-mentioned holding device 569 - for example after opening a possibly provided holding and / or locking device 614 - is removable.

In an alternative embodiment to the first embodiment of the removal device 572, the removal means 606; 606', downstream between the retaining means 526 and the nip point 776, a doctor blade 606', e.g. B. Fangrakel 606 'may be provided, which under physical contact or forming a - preferably variable - distance, z. B. less than 0.5 mm, in particular at a distance of less than 100 microns against the lateral surface 518 is adjustable. In an advantageous embodiment, this can be adjusted against the lateral surface 518 either with physical contact or with the formation of the aforementioned, preferably variable, distance. The removal device 572 preferably includes an actuator 625, by means of which the catch blade 606' can be brought into the working position and/or its working position can be changed with respect to the distance from the lateral surface 518. This actuator 625 can in principle be designed as a mechanism to be set manually, but is preferably a remote-controlled drive means 645, e.g. B. a drive motor 645 or preferably with respect to the force F adjustable drive means 645, such as. B. a fluid-operated piston-cylinder system 645 adjustable. In an advantageous embodiment, an adjustable stop means 655 is provided, which limits the travel of catch rake 606' or a holder carrying catch rake 606' for its working position, and against which actuating drive 625 places catch rake 606' or a holder carrying catch rake 606' . This allows z. B. a contact force caused by elastic deformation of a catch blade 606' placed against lateral surface 518 or, in another embodiment variant, a distance from lateral surface 518. Stop means 655 can, for example, be an adjusting eccentric and/or can be adjustable manually or via another remote-controlled drive means.

In an advantageous embodiment, the squeegee 606' and a collecting container 562 provided underneath, e.g. B. a drip tray 562 jointly adjustable, z. B. connected to each other and jointly adjustable by the actuator 625, z. B. pivotable, be arranged on the holding device 569. An embodiment is advantageous such that the collecting pan 562 together with the catch scraper 606′ are detachably arranged on the holding device 569 so that they can be removed for cleaning or maintenance purposes without costly dismantling.

In a variant for the inking device 511 - shown as an example on and particularly advantageous, but not only for the first embodiment - is the Ink original space 516 in operation, ie when the downstream retaining means 526 is in position, it is also essentially completely closed on the upstream side by at least one further retaining means 623, preferably in the form of a squeegee. In this case, in the embodiment of the further retaining means 623 as a stripping device or scraper, there can preferably be physical contact or a small distance, e.g. B. less than 50 microns, present or be foreseeable.

In one embodiment of the ink original space 526, which is closed on both sides, can be used as a chamber in a chamber doctor blade 627 between downstream retaining means 526, e.g. B. as a working blade, and the upstream restraining means 623, z. e.g. as a closing blade (see e.g. 15 ). This chamber doctor blade 627 can, for example, be self-supporting and directly, e.g. B. directly on side parts 537; 558, e.g. B. side frame members 537; 558, e.g. side plates 537; 558, but is preferably mounted on or on one of the above cross members 547, z. B. the traverse 547 arranged, the z. B. on both sides of the front frame parts 537; 558 stored.

In addition to this, upstream of the upstream restraining means 623, a guiding device 624, e.g. B. a baffle 624, to the lateral surface 518 employed or employed. This is used, for example, to catch and drain ink 517 in the chamber after the chamber doctor blade 627 has been switched off and can be placed on and off the lateral surface 518 itself, for example via an actuating mechanism 626 .

The engravings 513, as already mentioned, are basically independent of the special design of the printing press or printing unit 500, the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511 or their embodiments and variants, but preferably in connection with one of the named designs, embodiments and variants in a first - e.g. B. with regard to easy handling particularly advantageous - execution on the color engraving cylinder 512, provided, for example, directly on the externally effective lateral surface 518 of the set up color engraving cylinder 512, in particular produced or engraved directly on this outer lateral surface 518 and/or arranged inseparably on this.

The engravings 513 can basically directly in the area of a z. B. metallic cylinder surface 631 of a z. B. load-bearing, made of a metallic material, such as. g. a steel, cylinder body 628, for example the lateral cylinder surface 631 of a cylinder body 628 designed as a solid cylinder 628, in particular made of a metallic material, preferably steel, or a single or outer cylinder wall, in particular made of a metallic material, preferably steel 629 of a z. B. as a one-piece or multi-piece hollow cylinder 628 designed cylinder body 628. The above-mentioned lateral surface 518, which carries the indentations 513 or engravings 513 and/or is effective for the color transfer, is thus replaced in this embodiment by the outer, e.g. B. metallic cylindrical surface 631 of the cylinder body 628 itself (see e.g. 18 ). Such a cylindrical surface 631 made of metallic material can be engraved, for example, in the same way that is also used in the production of gravure printing forms 504, preferably designed with a metallic surface, for the forme cylinder 503.

Unless specifically specified otherwise, a metal or metallic material should be understood here to mean in general all metals and metal alloys that are suitable for the production of such cylinder bodies 628, such as e.g. B. steels, in particular cast, construction or possibly tool steels.

However, the engravings 513 are preferably not directly on the z. B. metal cylindrical surface 631 is provided, but in an outwardly directed surface 632 of a directly or indirectly on the cylinder body 628, z. B. as a cylinder base body 628, provided or foreseeable layer 633, in the following e.g. B. also referred to as active or cover layer 633. This layer 633 is preferably solid, ie operationally non-detachable, e.g. B. via adhesion, on the cylinder surface 631, short lateral surface 631, arranged, for example cohesively connected to this. It extends on the color gravure cylinder 512 z. B. axially at least over the maximum width to be printed by the printing unit 500, in short the maximum printing width, and/or the maximum width provided by the color gravure cylinder 512 for inking, e.g. B. over a width of 750 to 1,000 mm, in particular between 800 mm and 950 mm, and in the circumferential direction over at least one printing length, preferably over the entire circumference. The above-mentioned lateral surface 518, which bears the depressions 513 or engravings 513 and/or is effective for the color transfer, is or is in this embodiment thus formed by the outwardly directed surface 632, e.g. B. lateral surface 632, of the layer 633 provided on the cylinder base body 628 (see e.g. 18 , 19 , 20 ).

In principle, the layer 633 can be made of any material or material mix, provided it is made sufficiently hard and/or abrasion-resistant. This can e.g. B. layers 633 of preferably coated metal or of a ceramic material. As a metal layer 633 z. B. be provided a chrome-plated nickel layer or a brass layer.

The layer 633 preferably has a hard surface with z. B. a Vickers hardness VH of at least 800 HV 10, advantageously more than 1000 HV 10, preferably at least 1100 HV 10, and / or a small porosity with z. B. a porosity of at most 5%, preferably less than 3%, in particular less than 2%, and / or an elasticity according to Young of, for example, between 30 to 70 GPa, preferably from 40 to 60 GPa, and / or a Poisson's ratio of z. B. 0.20 to 0.30 Poisson and / or a fracture toughness of z. B. 4.0 to 5.0 MPa * m ^1/2 and / or a tear strength of at least 40 MPa, preferably at least 45 MPa.

The layer 633 is preferably designed as a ceramic layer 633, ie made of a ceramic material—in particular with one or more of the above properties. The design of the ceramic material as a technical ceramic is advantageous. The ceramic is preferably designed as an oxide ceramic, particularly advantageously as chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ). The ceramic layer 633 is or is preferably applied as a coating 633 by a plasma spraying process or a flame spraying process to the cylinder jacket surface 631 or an intermediate layer 636 that may be provided on this.

The thickness d633, e.g. B. layer thickness d633, the - in particular ceramic - trained layer 633 is in unengraved areas or areas without depression 513 or engravings 513, for example, at most 350 microns, advantageously at most 200 microns, preferably 160 ± 20 microns

The layer 633 can be arranged directly on the cylinder jacket surface 631, in particular applied, or possibly as an outer layer 633, i. H. the active or cover layer 633 effective for the color transfer, of a multi-layer layer structure 634 can be provided.

If advantageous, an intermediate layer 636, e.g. B. a better adhesion serving substrate 636, short adhesion substrate 636, may be provided. As such an intermediate layer 636, in particular at least in the embodiment of the layer 633 directly on the cylinder body 628, for example a CrNi or Al layer 636, z. B. be provided with a layer thickness d636 of 0.03 to 0.08 mm.

In a second, also already mentioned - z. B. with regard to the use of materials and/or the costs are particularly advantageous - the engravings are 513 or Indentations 513--in principle independent of the special design of the printing press or of the printing unit 500, the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511 or its embodiments and variants, but preferably in connection with one of the designs, embodiments and variants mentioned--on the following outwardly directed surface 632 of an ink transfer mold 637, which is in the form of an ink transfer mold sleeve 637 that is closed in the circumferential direction, hereinafter also referred to as sleeve 637 for short, and can be arranged on the cylinder jacket surface 631 of the cylinder base body 628 (see e.g. 21 , 22 and 23 ). Such a sleeve 637 can in principle be constructed in one layer, the cylindrical wall in this case being solely due to the indentations 513 or engravings 513 on the outwardly directed surface 632, e.g. B. lateral surface 632, having and / or effective for the color transfer layer 633 is formed. This layer 633 can in principle be replaced by any material, but preferably abrasion-resistant, e.g. B. a metallic or preferably a ceramic material.

However, a multi-layer design of the sleeve 637 is particularly preferred, for example with a carrier layer 638 which, on its outer circumference, in particular on the outwardly directed lateral surface 635, directly or indirectly contains the indentations 513 or engravings 513 and/or for the Color transfer effective, preferably ceramic, layer 633, z. B. top or active layer 633 carries. The carrier layer 638 can form the inner layer of the sleeve 637 or possibly with a further inner layer, z. B. protective or sliding layer.

The indentations 513 or engravings 513 on the outwardly directed surface 632, e.g. B. Lateral surface 632, having and / or effective for the color transfer layer 633 is preferably carried out comparable to the layer 633 already specified in more detail above. She preferably has a hard surface with z. B. a Vickers hardness VH of at least 800 HV 10, advantageously more than 1000 HV 10, preferred at least 1100 HV 10, and / or a small porosity with z. B. a porosity of at most 5%, preferably less than 3%, in particular less than 2%, and / or an elasticity according to Young of, for example, between 30 to 70 GPa, preferably from 40 to 60 GPa, and / or a Poisson's ratio of z. B. 0.20 to 0.30 Poisson and / or a fracture toughness of z. B. 4.0 to 5.0 MPa * m ^1/2 and / or a tear strength of at least 40 MPa, preferably at least 45 MPa.

Here too, the layer 633 is preferably designed as a ceramic layer 633, ie made of a ceramic material--in particular with one or more of the above-mentioned properties. The design of the ceramic material as a technical ceramic is advantageous. The ceramic is preferably designed as an oxide ceramic, particularly advantageously as chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ). The ceramic layer 633 is or is preferably applied as a coating 633 by a plasma spraying process or a flame spraying process onto the lateral surface 632 of the carrier layer 638 or an intermediate layer 636 that may be provided on this.

The thickness d633, e.g. B. layer thickness d633, the - in particular ceramic - trained layer 633 is in unengraved areas or areas without depression 513 or engravings 513, for example, at most 350 microns, advantageously at most 200 microns, preferably 160 ± 20 microns.

The carrier layer 638 can in principle be made of any material, e.g. B. in a respect. The thermal conductivity advantageous embodiment by a metallic material, but is advantageous in terms of assembly and / or handling embodiment by a carbon fiber material, in particular a carbon fiber composite material such. B. CFRP formed. In this case, the layer thickness d638 is advantageously less than 5 mm, in particular less than 4 mm, advantageously in the range from 2.0 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably from 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm. The carrier layer 638 preferably has a modulus of elasticity of less than 65 GPa in the circumferential direction, in particular less than 45 GPa, preferably less than 30 GPa.

Preferably, between the carrier layer 638 formed, for example, by a carbon fiber material, and the depressions 513 or engravings 513 and/or the preferably metallic intermediate layer 636 that is effective for the color transfer, a z. B. better adhesion serving, preferably metallic, substrate 636 is provided. This intermediate layer 636 is advantageously formed by a layer 636 of aluminum, e.g. B. with a layer thickness d636 of 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular 0.20 mm to 0.25 mm.

An overall thickness of the sleeve 637 is preferably 3.0 to 5 mm, in particular 4.0±0.2 mm.

In a - e.g. B. with regard to the thermal conductivity advantageous - alternative embodiment of the sleeve 637, the carrier layer 638 is made of a metallic material, on which directly or possibly via an intermediate layer 636, z. B. CrNi or Al layer, indirectly the depressions 513 or engravings 513 on the outwardly facing surface 632, z. B. lateral surface 632, having and / or effective for the color transfer, preferably ceramic, layer 633 is provided.

In the manufacture of a cylinder body 628 provided with a ceramic layer 633 or a sleeve 637 comprising a carrier layer 638--directly or indirectly in the above-mentioned manner--the cylinder body 628 or a sleeve-shaped cylindrical carrier layer 638, e.g. B. as formed by a sleeve-shaped body blank - possibly after an above-mentioned intermediate layer 636 was first applied - with a ceramic layer 633, z. B. with a greater layer thickness d633 compared to the above, for the operational state to be provided thickness d633, for example by a plasma spraying process or a flame spraying process, provided, in particular coated. Thereafter, the optionally coated in excess blank, z. B. coated Cylinder body 628 or sleeve blank, ground to the desired outside diameter. Such an outer diameter is z. B. between 260 and 300 mm, in particular from 270 to 290 mm. The cylinder body 628 or sleeve 637, which is coated and possibly ground to the desired diameter, is then provided with the indentations 513 or engravings 613. This is preferably done by a laser. This is advantageously a laser with a lying in the near, especially short-wave infrared range, z. B. between 950 and 1,200 nm, preferably lying at 1,064 ± 20 nm radiation maximum. It is designed, for example, to provide a preferably pulsed beam with a preferably adjustable beam cross section of 10 to 15 μm and/or a focal length of 70 to 90 μm and/or with a repetition rate of 400 to 600 kHz in the area of the focus.

The cylinder body 628 provided with the layer 633, e.g. B. together with this possibly already included or to be provided front-side pin 559, forms after the introduction of the depressions 513 or engravings 513 the ready-to-use colored engraving cylinder 512 with the depressions 513 or engravings 513 provided on its lateral surface 518. In the embodiment already mentioned above, in which the color gravure cylinder 512 in the inking unit 508 or its frame 533; 538 is operationally removable stored, the color gravure cylinder 512 - for example, a new print job or to replace a worn in the layer 633 color gravure cylinder 512 - against a new, z. B. completely new or revised color gravure cylinder 512 can be exchanged or removed after the end of a production.

In a second embodiment according to the invention, after which the layer 633 having the depressions 513 or engravings 513 is covered by an ink transfer mold sleeve 637, e.g. B. Sleeve 637, formed ink transfer mold 637, is the cylinder body 628, preferably made of steel, or its cylinder wall 629, preferably made of steel, for forming a ready-to-use color engraving cylinder 512 with the sleeve comprising the depressions 513 or engravings 513 on its lateral surface 518 637 or to remove one at the end of production or for a change of production.

In an embodiment mentioned above, the color gravure cylinder 512 in the inking unit 508 or its frame 533; 538 is operationally removable, the color gravure cylinder 512 or the still unequipped cylinder body 628 can be removed from the inking unit 508, for example to set up a new print job or to replace a worn sleeve 637. To equip it with a new sleeve 637 or to pull it on, the color gravure cylinder 512 is e.g. B. on the inking unit 508. If necessary, after the basic cylinder body 628 has been freed from a previously worn sleeve 637 , the new sleeve 637 is slipped onto the basic cylinder body 628 . To this end, means are preferably provided to support the pulling on of a sleeve 637 .

In a first embodiment, the cylinder body 628 comprises one or more outlet openings 641 in the area of the cylinder jacket surface 631 as means to support the pulling on of a sleeve 637; 644, e.g. B. Blowing ports 641; 644, which can be acted upon at least for removing or putting on a sleeve 637 via a line system from the inside with a pressurized fluid, in particular with compressed air. At least one first outlet opening 641 - in particular near the front side - or a first group of outlet openings 641 distributed or spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction - preferably lying on the same circumferential line - is preferably provided in at least one section of the basic cylinder body 628 close to an end face, through which - e.g . B. to pull on a new sleeve 637 - a color transfer mold sleeve 637 pushed with its front end over the at least one first outlet opening 641 or first group of outlet openings 641 is or can be acted upon by a radially outwardly directed force when pressure is applied from the inside. This first outlet opening 641 or group is, for example, viewed in the axial direction by at most ±10 mm spaced from the lateral edge of the maximum cylinder section that can be used for coloring, constant cylinder body diameter D628. At least on the side from which the sleeve 637 is to be pulled on, this section can already begin directly in the area of the front edge of the cylinder barrel 639 or immediately next to an end cap 662 .

Preferably, however, cylinder barrel 639 is longer than the maximum length intended for inking and/or longer than the maximum printing width l639, and is chamfered in the area of its barrel edge on the side from which sleeves 637 are to be pulled on. For this purpose, it preferably has on this side in the area of the front end a opposite to the above Target diameter smaller diameter, which steadily increases over an axial section 642 away from the front end up to the beginning of a maximum width intended for coloring for use to the full target diameter. The increase can be linear with increasing axial distance from the front edge and against the section constant target diameter z. B. at an angle of 0.5 ° to 2 °. This simplifies the process of placing the sleeve 637 on the cylinder jacket surface 631 at the end. The first outlet opening 641 or group of outlet openings 641 is preferably arranged in the transition area between the axial section 642 with increasing diameter and the constant desired diameter. A channel 643 running in the circumferential direction can be provided as a support, into which the first outlet opening 641 or the outlet openings 641 of the first group open. This promotes underwashing of the end of the sleeve that is to be attached, and at least a slight expansion of the sleeve 637 is achieved.

Spaced apart from the first outlet opening 641 or the first group, e.g. B. in a central ball area, z. B. in the range between one and three quarters, in particular between two and three fifths of the bale length, at least one second outlet opening 644 or preferably a second group of a plurality of outlet openings 644 distributed or spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction—preferably lying on the same circumferential line.

In an advantageous further development, a stop means 649 can be provided in the area of the side opposite that for pulling the sleeve 637 on, which is radially above the above-mentioned Section constant cylinder body diameter D628 protrudes. This stop means 649 is formed, for example, by a circumferential shoulder 649 that rises in the area of the end face above the lateral surface of a constant cylinder body diameter D628.

The first outlet opening 641 or group of outlet openings 641 and the advantageously provided second outlet opening 644 or group of outlet openings 644 are connected by at least one cylinder base body 628, e.g. B. axially extending feed line 646; 647 can be supplied with pressure fluid, in particular compressed air. A single, respective or common entry point 648 into the cylinder body 628 for supplying the exit ports 641; 644 with pressurized fluid is preferably provided in the area of the end face or in the area of a pin 559 . As an entry point 648 z. B. a coupling piece 646 for compressed air, for example in the form of a valve coupling 648, is provided. In the case of a first and second outlet port 641; 644 or first and second groups of outlet openings 641; 644 are for this z. B. separate axially extending supply lines 646; 647 are provided, which can be supplied via the same entry point 648 leading into the cylinder base body 628 .

Such outlet openings 641; 644 and supply lines 646; 647 can be mounted in the outer cylinder wall 629 of a cylinder body 628 designed as a hollow cylinder 628 (see e.g. 25 ) or in the near-surface area, e.g. B. lying closer to the circumference than to the cylinder axis, of a solid cylinder 628 formed cylinder body 628 (see e.g. 26 ) be provided.

When a sleeve 637 is pulled on, in the embodiment with means supporting the pulling on of a sleeve 637, the outlet opening 641 or group of outlet openings 641 near the end face is subjected to pressure fluid, in particular compressed air, one end of the sleeve 537 leading over the end face to the cylinder body 628 pushed, wherein the compressed air flowing out of the outlet opening 641 or group of outlet openings 641 forms an air cushion under the sleeve 637 and/or the sleeve 637 slightly, e.g. B. by at least 5 microns, in particular at least 10 microns diameter widens. Is - as in an advantageous embodiment - a second, z. If, for example, the above-mentioned outlet opening 644 or group of outlet openings 644 is provided, this is also pressurized simultaneously or successively with the first, with the fluid cushion being renewed under the sleeve 637 that has already been pushed on axially up to this outlet opening 644 or group of outlet openings 644 and/or a renewed slight widening takes place.

Previously, the cylinder base body 628 is or was removed, for example, from the inking unit 508, at its other front end, z. B. on the cylinder pin 559, fixed to a holding device such that the sleeve 637 can be pushed undisturbed onto the cylinder body 628 to its end position. Also, a connection between a source of pressurized fluid, e.g. B. compressed air source, to the entry point 648 in the cylinder body 628 made.

If a sleeve 637 to be removed was already fitted prior to loading, this sleeve 637 is pulled off the cylinder body 628 - for example fixed in the above-mentioned holding device - while at least one, in particular at least the outlet opening 644 located in the central region; 641, preferably all outlet openings 641; 644 is pressurized with pressurized fluid, preferably compressed air, or become.

After the cylinder body 628 has been fitted with a (new) sleeve 637, the color engraving cylinder 512 that may have been removed for this purpose is reinserted into the inking unit 508.

In an embodiment with the outlet openings 641; 644 alternative means that support the pulling on of a sleeve 637, the cylinder body 628 designed as a hollow cylinder 628 comprises at least one first, preferably rotationally symmetrical body 664, for example a first sleeve 664, e.g. B. first tubular sleeve 664, which is supported directly or indirectly with its outside on the inside of the cylinder wall 629 to the outside. In a preferred embodiment, it is supported inwardly with the inside, directly or indirectly, on the outside of a second, preferably rotationally symmetrical body 666, e.g. B. a second sleeve 666, for example second tubular sleeve 666, from. The first body 664 is arranged axially movable relative to the outer cylinder wall 629, in an advantageous embodiment between the outer wall and the second body 666. In an advantageous embodiment, the first body 664, in particular designed as a sleeve 664, is provided on both end faces with a space 667 that can be pressurized with pressurized fluid; 668, e.g. B. pressure chamber 667; 558 in operative connection, through the alternating loading of which an axial movement - in the manner of a two-chamber piston system - is or can be brought about in one direction or the other.

At least one side of the first, in particular rotationally symmetrical body 666 and the side of the adjacent component facing this side, namely preferably the cylinder wall 629 or the second, in particular rotationally symmetrical body 666 that may be provided, are tapered in opposite directions on the sides facing one another, i.e. with formed with a radius that varies continuously in the axial direction, and act in the manner of a Wedge drive together with a resulting in the radial direction of motion component and / or application of force. With appropriate dimensioning of the wall thicknesses of the inner body 664 and a comparatively weaker cylinder wall 629, the latter is elastically widened radially—at least slightly—when the pressure chamber 668 causes the two conical surfaces to move towards one another, in particular to be pushed into one another. Conversely, when the conical surfaces are moved apart, the force acting radially on the cylinder wall 629 is withdrawn by the pressure chamber 667 causing the moving apart, whereby the previously elastically expanded cylinder wall 629 returns to its less or even unloaded radius.

In an advantageous embodiment, the inside of the cylinder wall 629 and the outside of the first sleeve 664 are designed with a conical lateral surface running in opposite directions. With a correspondingly rigid first sleeve 664, the fixed mounting of this sleeve 664 on a first end cap 662; 663, the fixed mounting of the cylinder wall 629 on the other end cap 663; 662 and an arrangement of the pressure chamber 668 relating to the first end face as interacting with the outer cylinder wall 629 from the end face, the second sleeve 666 can be omitted.

In a preferred embodiment, a pressurized liquid, in particular pressurized oil, and/or a pressurized fluid source that can be connected to the cylinder body 628 via corresponding lines and a connection is provided as the pressurized fluid. The relevant components are hydraulically shifted axially against each other.

A sleeve 637 is pulled open, possibly with prior removal of a previously worn sleeve 637, for example, in the same way as in connection with the outlet opening(s) 641; 644 trained means of support, but with the difference that for raising and for taking down the a Pressure chamber 667 that causes the sleeves 637 to be pulled apart is acted upon, and to fix the sleeve 637 that has been pulled open, the pressure chamber 668 that causes them to move toward one another is pressurized with pressure fluid, in particular with oil that is under excess pressure. The pressure chambers 667; 668 are connected beforehand to a pressurized fluid source, in particular an oil-hydraulic pump.

Basically independent of the special design of the printing press or the printing unit 500, the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, its embodiments and variants and/or the statements, embodiments and variants presented above for the type of arrangement of the depressions 513 or Engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512 and/or the means supporting the mounting of a sleeve 637, but preferably in connection with one of the stated designs, embodiments and variants, the color engraving cylinder 512, in particular its cylinder body 628, can be temperature-controlled in an embodiment according to the invention, in particular with temperature control fluid designed to be flown through.

For this purpose, it has a temperature control medium inflow 651 on one of its end faces, in particular running coaxially to the axis of rotation R512, and on the other or preferably the same end face, in particular running coaxially to the axis of rotation R512, a temperature control medium return flow 652. Inflow and return flow take place here, for example, in line sections 651 that are coaxial with one another ; 652 and/or via a rotary inlet. Inside the cylinder barrel 639 of the color engraving cylinder 512 or cylinder body 628, the tempering fluid -. B. depending on the structure of the cylinder body 628 - be performed in different ways. Thus, when the cylinder body 628 is designed as a hollow cylinder 628, for example, an extended space between a cylinder wall 629 and an optionally central line 658, e.g. B. pipeline 658 with tempering fluid. Any tempering fluid to be supplied is in through the pipeline 658 the opposite end-side area can be conveyed, from which it flows back via the cavity, or vice versa.

In a - e.g. B. with regard to a better guided temperature control fluid flow - advantageous embodiment, however, are for the - preferably close to the cylinder jacket flow - one or preferably more flow channels 653; 654 with e.g. B. in each case a flow cross section that is small compared to the maximum cylinder body cross-sectional area perpendicular to the cylinder axis (viewed perpendicular to the respective flow direction), for example at most one tenth, in particular at most one twentieth of the maximum cylinder body cross-sectional area. In order to ensure a sufficiently rapid flow medium exchange, the total flow area is, for example, less than a quarter, preferably less than an eighth, in particular less than a twentieth, of the maximum cross-sectional area of the cylinder body.

In the embodiment of a cylinder body 628 designed as a hollow cylinder 628, this can, for example, concentrically to the outer cylinder wall 629, have a cylindrical wall 656 of a cylindrical body 657, z. B. a so-called., Also frontally closed displacement body 657, wherein in a simple embodiment between the outer cylinder wall 629 and the wall 656 of the displacement body 657 designed as an annular gap flow channel 653 can be provided. In a further development, a plurality of axially running annular gap segments can be provided as a flow channel 653 by, for example, axially running separating elements 669, e.g. B. webs or ribs, between the inside of the cylinder wall 629 and the outside of the inner wall 656 are provided.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the cylinder body 628 designed as a hollow cylinder 628, in particular in the embodiment with a wall 656 located further inwards, one or preferably several are on the inside of the outer cylinder wall 629 helical flow channels 653 are provided. This or these can be formed by channels placed on the inside. In a preferred embodiment with a further inner wall 656 or displacement body 657, this or these are separated by one or more helically circumferential separating elements 669, e.g. B. webs or ribs formed, which are provided between the inside of the cylinder wall 629 and the outside of the more inner wall 656. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature control medium guide provided helically on the inside of the cylinder wall 629 has multiple threads, ie is designed with a plurality of flow channels 653 running next to one another in a helical manner around the cylinder axis. For a multi-stage arrangement of helical flow channels 653, these flow channels, spaced apart in the circumferential direction, branch out of a front distributor chamber 659 on one cylinder side and open out on the other cylinder side into a collection chamber 661 on the return flow side, before the collected temperature control fluid is discharged to the outside again via the temperature control medium return flow 652.

In execution of a z. B. as a solid cylinder 628 designed cylinder body 628 (see e.g. 26 , 27 ) this is, for example, at least in one between end caps 662; 663 lying area of the cylinder barrel 639 in one piece. As flow channels 654, it has a plurality of bores 654 spaced in the circumferential direction, radially spaced from the cylinder center axis and running in the axial direction, which are preferably spaced from the center axis in the area close to the cylinder, i.e. more than half, in particular at least two-thirds of the radius. In the embodiment with the inlet and outlet on the same side, an additional central bore 658 is provided for the fluid flow or return.

The end caps 662; 663 can each be formed in one piece with the pin 559 in question.

With the temperature control medium inflow and return flow 651 lying on the same side; 652, the supplied tempering fluid is, for example, via the distributor space 659, initially via one or more flow channels 653; 654 in an area close to the cylinder jacket into the collection chamber 661 on the other side and from there via a z. B. central line 658, in particular pipeline 658, to the tempering medium return flow 652, or vice versa, first through the line 658 and back via the flow channel(s) 653; 654 in the area near the cylinder jacket.

In an advantageous embodiment of z. B. in one of the above embodiments and variants trained cylinder body 628, the cylinder body 628 - z. B. in an above mentioned way - designed to be temperature-controlled and comprises one or more flow channels 653 through which temperature-control medium can flow as an alternative or as an additional means to support the mounting or removal; 654

A temperature control device providing the temperature control medium, e.g. B. a tempering template with integrated tempering, z. B. a cooling device and / or a heating device is preferably designed to provide temperature control fluid with a below ambient temperature, in particular below 20 ° C, preferably below 17 ° C fluid temperature. In addition, the temperature control device is preferably also set up to provide temperature control fluid at a temperature above the ambient temperature, in particular above 25° C., preferably 40° C. The temperature control device is advantageously set up to set a desired temperature for the temperature control fluid and/or to keep it constant via a controller.

To support the pulling on or off of a sleeve 637, the cylinder body 628 of the color gravure cylinder 512 is first cooled to below ambient temperature, for example to below 20 °C, in particular to below 17 °C, preferably to a temperature of 15 ± 1 °C.

The sleeve 637 has, for example, at 20°, a length that matches or is advantageously slightly, e.g. B. 10 to 70 microns, in particular 20 to 60 microns smaller inside diameter. In other words, at a temperature of 20° C., the sleeve 637 would sit on the cylinder surface 631 of the cylinder body 628, which is at a temperature of 20° C., without prestressing in the first case and with prestressing in the second, advantageous case.

After cooling to z. B. below 17 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 15 ± 1 ° C, the cooled cylinder body 628, for example, the same outer diameter as the inside diameter of z. B. 20 ° C warm sleeves 637 or advantageously an undersize, z. B. from 1 to 40 µm, i. H. one compared to the inside diameter of the uncooled, z. B. 20 ° C warm, sleeves 637 to z. B. 1 to 40 microns smaller outer diameter. As a result, the sleeve 637 can be slid onto the cylinder body 628 more easily—particularly in the case of an undersize in the outer diameter of the cylinder body 628 .

In an advantageous development, this can be done with additional support from one or more, e.g. B. fluid-actuated or -beaufschlagbare outlet openings 641 set forth above; 644 done.

After the sleeve 637 has been slid on, the cylinder body 628 is heated to a temperature of z. B. greater than 30 ° C, preferably heated to 40 ± 3 ° C, which increases the diameter of the heating of the cylinder body 628 and braced the sleeve 637 on its lateral surface 631. A resulting oversize of the cylinder body 638 in relation to the sleeve 637 lying on it during operation at an operating temperature of, for example, 40±3° C. and the The associated prestressing of the sleeve 637 on the cylinder jacket surface 631 is, for example, between 70 and 140 μm, preferably between 80 and 120 μm. This ensures that the sleeve 637 is seated firmly and prevents the sleeve 637 from rotating on the cylinder body 628 .

It is particularly preferable to select the materials for the cylinder body 628, at least in the area of its outer wall, and for the sleeve 637, with the associated coefficients of expansion in each case, such that at least in the area of heating from 20 °C to 40 °C, for example, the cylinder body 628 has a larger The sleeve 637 experiences a change in diameter in the area of its outer diameter in its clear inner diameter.

A sleeve 637 is pulled open, possibly with prior removal of a previously worn sleeve 637, for example in the same way as in connection with the outlet opening(s) 641; 644 trained support means, but with the difference that to pull on and off the sleeve 637, the cylinder body 628 to, for example, below 20 ° C, in particular below 17 ° C, preferably to a temperature of 15 ± 1 ° C , is cooled. Then the z. B. ambient temperature or at least 20 ° C having sleeve 637 pushed on or a removable sleeve 637 deducted. After being pushed on, the cylinder body 628 is heated by the environment, the heat generated during operation and/or by the temperature control device via the heated temperature control fluid, as a result of which the sleeve 637 is braced on the lateral surface 631.

In a particularly advantageous development, the cylinder body 628 is designed to be temperature-controlled and also includes on its lateral surface 631 at least one outlet opening 641 that can be pressurized with pressurized fluid, in particular compressed air; 644

A sleeve 637 is then pulled open, possibly with prior removal of a previously worn sleeve 637, for example in the same way as described above in connection with the outlet opening(s) 641; 644 trained support means, but with the difference that beforehand the cylinder body 628 is or was cooled to, for example, below 20 °C, in particular below 17 °C, preferably to a temperature of 15 ± 1 °C.

Basically independent of the special design of the printing press or the printing unit 500, the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511 or its embodiments and variants and/or the design of the cylinder body 628, the color engraving cylinder 512 or the arrangement of the engravings 513 or Depressions 513, but preferably in connection with one of the stated designs, embodiments and variants, is the color engraving cylinder 512 carrying the ink transfer form 637 according to the invention via a detachable sleeve 637 as a whole or preferably - without removing the cylinder body 628 - only the ink transfer form 637 designed as a sleeve 637 during operation - i.e. H. for example for an exchange or for maintenance and/or set-up purposes - can be removed from the inking unit 508.

In an advantageous first embodiment, the color engraving cylinder 512 as a whole or a sleeve 637 arranged on it can be removed from the inking unit 508 to the side, i.e. in the axial direction of the color engraving cylinder 512 arranged in the inking unit 508, or inserted in it in the opposite direction. Without restricting the design to this application, this axial removal is of particular advantage in connection with an above-mentioned Arrangement of the inking device 511 on the side facing away from the color relief cylinder 519.

For this purpose, the inking unit cylinder 512 or a cylinder body 628 comprised by it is in at least one set-up position in which the entire Inking unit cylinder 512, the cylinder body 628 or an ink transfer sleeve 637 carried by the cylinder body 628 is to be and/or can be removed axially, only on one of its end faces on the frame 538; 533 mounted, while this inking unit cylinder 512 or its cylinder body 628 is not mounted on its other end and at least in the area of the axial projection of its cross-sectional area in the plane of the frame without overlapping with the frame 538; 533 or is freely accessible from outside the frame alignment. The inking unit frame 538, 533 has z. B. at least in this area, for example, a recess or an opening. For the preferred case between the first and second inking unit cylinder 512; 519 divisible frame 538, 533, the above-mentioned uncovered area or the area of free axial accessibility is, for example, at least when the frame 538; 533 given.

In a variant, the first inking unit cylinder 512 can fundamentally be mounted on one side—that is, also during operation—which is also referred to as cantilevered mounting or cantilevered, and be freely accessible in the region of its other end.

In an embodiment that is advantageous in terms of stability, for example, bearing means 671, e.g. B. a bearing device comprising the outer and inner ring of a radial bearing 672 with rolling elements 673 preferably arranged in between, or possibly a wall element accommodating such a bearing means 671 operationally for setting up or changing the color engraving cylinder 512 or in particular the sleeve 637 from a working position, in which the color gravure cylinder 512 is fixed and ready for use on the frame 533 by the bearing means 671; 538 is stored, can be transferred to a set-up position. In principle, the set-up position can be given by any position of the bearing means 671 in which the axial path for removing the color gravure cylinder 512 or in particular the sleeve 637 is released, i.e. is no longer impeded by the bearing means 671 or a wall element carrying it.

In a first embodiment, the bearing means 671 are on one of the two frame sides, preferably on the so-called operating side, completely detachable on the wall of the frame 533; 538 or on one of the above, on the frame 533; 538 movably mounted side part 578, in particular carriage 578, of the color engraving cylinder 512 together with the inking device 511-bearing underframe is mounted in such a way that after loosening the corresponding holding means, e.g. B. of screw connections and / or clamping devices, from the color engraving cylinder 512, its pin 559 or cylinder barrel 639 in the axial direction completely from the frame 533; 538 are removable.

In a preferred embodiment, the bearing means 671 are on one of the two sides of the frame, preferably on the so-called operating side, but can be pivoted directly or indirectly on the wall of the frame 533; 538, ie directly on the wall of the frame 533; 538 or on one of the above, in turn on the frame 533; 538 movably mounted side part 578 of a subframe carrying the color engraving cylinder 512 together with the inking device 511, so that after loosening the corresponding holding means, e.g. B. of screw connections and / or clamping devices, from the ink engraving cylinder 512, its pin 559 or its cylinder body 639 can be moved, in particular pivoted, but further via a particularly movable connection 674, for example via a joint connection 674, on the frame 533; 538 are held (e.g. exemplarily in 30 shown for the upper color gravure cylinder 512).

The removable or pivotable bearing means 671 can -. B. with a correspondingly small outer diameter of the radial bearing 672 and / or a change of only the sleeve 637 - a bearing block receiving the outer ring, z. B. Bearing ring and, if necessary, a cover protecting against dirt, the radial bearing 672 remaining connected to the color engraving cylinder 512 or its cylinder barrel 639.

In an advantageous embodiment, however, at least the radial bearing 672, i. H. bearing means 671 comprising at least its outer and inner bearings, separable in the axial direction from the cylinder pin 559 and movable away from it, e.g. B. completely removable or preferably swing away. In the latter case, these bearing means 671 are preferably also at least indirectly attached to the frame 533; 538 held.

In the embodiment preferred here, the cylinder pin 559 on the end face is in the ready-to-operate installed state of the color engraving cylinder 512--e.g. B. via an axially releasable connection 678 embodied as a clamp seat 678 and/or in particular a conical seat 678, for example with or without an additional form fit with a circumferential effect, releasably connected to a shaft section 677 carrying the radial bearing 672 - in particular on its outside. This connection 678 does not necessarily have to be suitable for the transmission of higher torques, but should accommodate the pin 559 without play in the radial direction in the ready-to-operate installed state. The shaft section 677 is mounted via the radial bearing 672 in a bearing housing 679, which for example on its inside at the same time the outer ring-side bearing surface, z. B. tread wears. In this embodiment, the radial bearing 672, the axially releasably connected or connectable shaft section 677, and the bearing housing 679 are encompassed by the bearing means 671, which can be converted into a set-up position, in which the axial path for removing the color engraving cylinder 512 or, in particular, the sleeve 637 is released. ie is not or is not impeded by the bearing means 671 or by a wall element carrying them. The bearing means 671, which preferably comprise the radial bearing 672, the axially releasably connected or connectable shaft section 677 and the bearing housing 679, and which can be moved into the set-up position are also referred to below for brevity as the bearing cap 671, in particular at least one that can be moved.

The bearing cap 671 or the bearing housing 679, which can be separated and removed from the cylinder journal 559, together with the radial bearing 672 and the shaft section 677, can now in principle be directly installed in the ready-to-operate installed state of the color engraving cylinder 512 on a stand 533; 538 or subframe 533; 538 of the inking unit 508 attached, e.g. B. be screwed. In a preferred embodiment with a frame 533; 538 or subframe 533; 538 radially adjustable color engraving cylinder 512, the bearing cap 671 or the bearing housing 679 is in the ready-to-install state, however, on a side part 539; 578 stored, in particular releasably attached via appropriate fasteners, z. B. screwed and/or clamped, which, in the case of a radially movable color engraving cylinder 512, moves with it, for example on a side part 539 of a base frame (as can be seen, e.g. as can be seen in Figure 3b ) or on a lever not shown here, or on a linearly movable side part 578 (see e.g. 29 ) of the above, e.g. B. both the color gravure cylinder 512 and the inking device 511 supporting base.

By properly attaching the bearing cap 671 to the frame 533; 538, on an eccentrically mounted bearing ring or side part 539 together with the color engraving cylinder 512, on a lever or on the linearly movable side part 578 via connecting elements of a preferably positive connection 681, for example screws 682 of a screw connection 681, the cylinder journal 559 and the radially mounted shaft section 677, in particular via a conical seat 678, rigidly connected to one another against relative radial movement, so that the cylinder pin 559 is radially connected indirectly via the shaft section 677 to the frame 533; 538, on the eccentrically mounted bearing ring or side part 539, a lever or the side part 578 that is preferably provided.

As already mentioned, the bearing cap 671 can be completely removable for set-up after loosening. In a preferred embodiment, however, it can be pivoted on the frame 533 after loosening the connecting elements for the axial separation of the cylinder pin 559 and the shaft section 677 and for releasing the cylinder end face; 538, the eccentric bearing ring or side part 539, the lever or side part 578 stored. In the latter, preferred embodiment, the bearing cap 671 is mounted ready for operation with, for example, the bearing housing 679 on a z. B. annular end portion 676 of the side part 578, in particular screwed.

For example, the bearing cap 671 can be attached via a lateral mechanism, e.g. B. an articulated connection 674 pivoted on the opposite frame 533; 538 for the radial movement of the operational color engraving cylinder 512 movably mounted bearing ring or side part 539, lever or side part 578 by the mechanism, for example, in a corresponding recess, the wall of the frame 533; 538 passes through and is thereby moved along with the color engraving cylinder 512.

In the solution preferred here, however, the connection 674 is via a coupling on the frame 533; 538 fixed, the coupling resulting in the radial position relative movement between frame 533; 538 and color engraving cylinder 512 or bearing cap 671 accommodates.

In the preferred embodiment with a radially adjustable color engraving cylinder 512, the two end-side bearing means, e.g. B. eccentrically mounted bearing rings or side parts 539, pivotable levers or preferably linearly movable side parts 578, for example by one or more cross members 684 connected to the base frame, in particular reinforced. In or on the base is then, for example, directly to the side parts 578 or to one of these connecting, z. B. stronger traverse the inking device 511 attached.

The above operational transfer of the bearing means 671 or the bearing cap 671 differs from dismantling or partial dismantling of a bearing z. B. the fact that during operational conversion no readjustment of the bearing clearance and / or no Removal of a radial bearing 672 and/or no separate removal of a bearing housing 679 and/or no removal or insertion of a bearing ring from or into a frame 538; 533 or one or in a frame wall must be done, but a z. B. at least the radial bearing 672, a shaft section 677 and the bearing housing 679 supporting the radial bearing 672 as a whole, for example as a unit forming the bearing cap 671, can be transferred between the working position and the set-up position.

In this case, color engraving cylinder 512 is placed on or off the second or color relief cylinder 519 and away from it preferably by moving color engraving cylinder 512 and inking device 511 together by moving the bearing means that enable the radial positioning movement, for example color engraving cylinder 512 together with side part 539 adjusting eccentric ring or pivoting a lever carrying the color engraving cylinder 512 and the inking device 511, or by linearly moving the lateral part 578 carrying the color engraving cylinder 512 and the inking device 511. B. of particular advantage when in production a pressure, ie the contact force between the color engraving cylinder 512 and the downstream next inking cylinder 519 changed, or the color engraving cylinder 512 a movement of the next downstream inking cylinder 519 is to be tracked. In the figures 29 , 30 and 31 are those according to the first embodiment of the inking device 511, for example (see e.g. among others Fig. 1a , Figure 2a , Figure 3a or Figure 5a ) or the first embodiment of the inker 511 (e.g. see, among others Fig. 1b , Figure 2b and Figure 3b ) executed inking devices 511 are not shown, but preferably on, for example, a respective cross member 547; 684 in an above embodiment - e.g. B. on the side facing or away from the color relief cylinder 519 - arranged.

The positions of the radial adjustment movement enabling bearing means, z. B. the above Eccentric rings or side parts 539 or the above-mentioned lever, or the linearly movable side parts 578 are effected by actuators 686--preferably provided on both sides--which, for example, have a drive means 687, e.g. B. an electric motor 687 or preferably a fluid-operated piston-cylinder system 687, z. B. pneumatic cylinder 687 include, through which a gear 688, z. B. via a comprehensive lever gear 688, the bearing means, z. B. above eccentric rings or side parts 539 or above lever, or the linearly movable side parts 578, adjustable and thus the color engraving cylinder 512, in particular together with the inking device 511, is radially displaceable.

In the embodiment of the drive means 687 as a pressure-medium-actuable piston-cylinder system 687, the actuator 686 works for queuing z. B. against a - here z. B. as an eccentric or eccentrically mounted stop bolt executed - stop means 689, which is advantageously adjustable in its radial distance to the operating position located in the second or color relief cylinder 519. This can preferably be done by another. This can, for example, comprise a drive means designed as an electric motor, which sets the stop means 689 via a gear, for example a spindle drive.

On the end face opposite to the separable bearing means 671, the color gravure cylinder 512 in the embodiment of the cylinder body 628 that can be fitted or fitted with a sleeve 637 is operationally fixed to the frame 533; 538 or on the bearing means, e.g. B. the above eccentric ring or side part 539 or the above lever, or the linearly movable side part 578 stored. This is done here via a permanently provided radial bearing 691. When configured as a temperature-controlled color engraving cylinder 512, an interface 692, in particular a rotary feedthrough 692, can be provided on the front side, through which the cylinder-side temperature control medium inflow and return flow 651; 652 can be connected to corresponding outer line sections.

Spaced axially from the radial bearing 691 can be another, e.g. B. a radial bearing 693 spaced at least 50 mm apart, which has axial play between the stationary outer and rotating inner ring when the color engraving cylinder 512 is ready for operation, but is able to support the color engraving cylinder 512 with a separate bearing cap 671 by absorbing at least part of the torque. In the floating or cantilevered mounting mentioned above as an alternative, the further radial bearing 693 is designed, for example, without bearing play.

In an advantageous embodiment, the drive motor 616, which is mechanically independent of the color engraving cylinder 512, can be designed here as a torque motor and/or as a hollow shaft motor 616 and can be designed to surround the end-side cylinder pin 559.

The color gravure cylinder 512 is inventive -z. B. in a form set out above - executed tempered.

Although not explicitly shown, in one advantageous embodiment, the above-mentioned means supporting the pulling on of a sleeve 637, in particular one or more of the above-mentioned outlet ports 641; 644 or groups of such outlet openings 641; 644, provided.

In an advantageous development, the color engraving cylinder 512 is on both sides with respect to its height relative to the frame 533; 538 adjustable. This can be the case, for example, in the area of the effective coupling between the guides 579 fixed to the frame and the guided side parts 578, e.g. B. be realized eccentrically mounted guide pins.

In the in the figures 30 , 31 and 32 The embodiment shown with a color engraving cylinder 512 or cylinder body 628 fixed on one side is used for equipping with or for pulling on a new sleeve 637, the color engraving cylinder 512 or the unequipped cylinder body 628 is removed axially after the bearing cap 671 has been released and brought into the set-up position, in particular pivoted. Then - z. B. in a manner set out above with or without the aid of the exchange-supporting means - possibly after the cylinder base body 628 has been freed from a previously worn sleeve 637, the new sleeve 637 is pulled onto the cylinder base body 628. Thereafter, the bearing flap 671 is again on the frame 538; 533 or the movable bearing means enabling the radial adjustment movement, as a result of which the pin 559 of the color engraving cylinder 512 is or is radially supported again on this side of the frame via the connection to the shaft section 677.

In a z. B. in the figures 30 , 31 and 32 In the illustrated embodiment, the storage of the color engraving cylinder 512 on the side of the frame opposite the bearing cap 671 is operationally fixed, ie the color engraving cylinder 512 or its cylinder body 628 cannot easily axially slide out of the frame 538; 533 can be removed, but via one of the - on this side of the frame z. B. axially non-operationally separable - cylinder pin 559 medium or directly engaging thrust bearing 683 held against uncontrolled axial movement. In an advantageous embodiment, it is also designed with the above-mentioned second radial bearing 693 that absorbs the tilting moment.

In an alternative embodiment, in which, for example, the engravings 513 are surrounded directly by the lateral surface 631 of the cylinder body 628 or by one of the lateral surface 632 of a layer 633 supported by it in the manner set out above, the bearing opposite the bearing cap 671 is also designed such that the color engraving cylinder 512 or at least its cylinder body 628 can be removed from the inking unit 508 axially towards the side of the machine on the side of the bearing flap 671. This can be done, for example, by a separable connection between a cylinder pin 559 and a frame 538; 538 remaining Shaft section, for example comparable to the solution on the side of the bearing flap 671, can be realized. If temperature control fluid is to be able to be fed in and out, a sealing coupling, for example, is required between the subsections of the corresponding line sections 651; 652 to be provided.

In this alternative embodiment with a removable color engraving cylinder 512 or cylinder body 628, the color engraving cylinder 512 or cylinder body 628 is removed axially in order to be fitted with a new or renewed color transfer mold 637, after the bearing cap 671 has been loosened and brought into the set-up position, in particular pivoted. Subsequently, a cylinder body 628 carrying a new or renewed ink transfer mold 637 is inserted with one pin 559 on the opposite side of the frame and the bearing flap 671 located on the removal or assembly side is attached and fastened.

In one embodiment variant, a cylinder body 628 that can or is to be fitted with a sleeve 637 can be removed, fitted and reinserted with a sleeve 637 in the manner of the alternative embodiment in order to be fitted with a sleeve 637 or to change the sleeve.

In the z. Am 29 exemplary embodiment of the inking unit 508 are z. B. all, z. B. five, color trains 529 selectively, ie executed with a above-mentioned color gravure cylinder 512. In principle, however, other, z. B. mixed configurations possible, such. B. three, for example middle, of five color moves 529; 532 selective and two, e.g. the first and the last color move 529 conventional (see e.g. Figure 33 ).

At the level of the respective color engraving cylinder 512 with the axially removable cylinder base body 628 or the axially removable or pull-on sleeve 637, the one between the color engraving cylinder 512 and the color relief cylinder 519 is preferably designed to be divisible Inking unit frame 533, 538 e.g. B. at the height of the respective color gravure cylinder 512 is not closed even when ready for operation, but forms at least at the height of the respective color gravure cylinder 512 between the subframe 538 carrying the color engraving cylinder 512 and the subframe 533 carrying the color relief cylinder 519 - possibly over the height of several adjacent ones selective pressure trains 629 extending - wall opening 694 out.

In an advantageous second embodiment of color engraving cylinder 512, which can be removed for replacement or for maintenance and/or set-up purposes, the latter, if necessary with a sleeve 637 arranged on it, is arranged in the radial direction of color engraving cylinder 512 arranged in inking unit 508 from inking unit 508 or the frame 538; 533 can be removed or used in this in the reverse direction. Without restricting the design to this application, this radial removal is of particular advantage in connection with an above-mentioned Arrangement of the inking device 511 on the side facing the color relief cylinder 519. This means a removal in the radial direction - in contrast to removal in the axial direction - a removal along a removal path, which - z. B. at least up to the exit from the frame alignment limited on both sides - runs in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation R512. This can, for example, run in a straight line, curved or with any changes in direction in this plane.

The color engraving cylinder 512 together with the pin 559 fixed to the cylinder is designed here - for example at least along the removal path running in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation R512 - with a shorter length l512 compared to a clear width w538 of the frame 538 or of a subframe supported by the frame 538. This clear width w538 is also intended to include those versions in which the clear width w538 is not directly defined by the frame walls, but by the distance between the side parts 539 of an above-mentioned, e.g. B. the inking device 511 supporting base is given. Here is the clear expanse w538 at least on a removal path leading from the storage location to a frame edge with a larger clear width w538 compared to the pin diameter. In an advantageous embodiment of the frame 538; 533, the respective frame wall is designed on its inward-facing side with a predominantly planar surface, e.g. B. cast, whereby for the above purpose preferably the distance between these flat surfaces is to be considered as the clear width w538.

On one side, e.g. B. the drive side of the color gravure cylinder 512, on which it, for example, by a gear from one of the other inking or printing cylinder 519; 531; 503; 501 forth or - as preferred - is driven in rotation by its own drive motor 616, the pin 559 z. B. by a play-free with respect to the angular position of rotation and preferably unique coupling 724, z. B. designed as a claw or star coupling, detachable with a shaft 726, z. B. drive shaft 726, connected or connectable (see e.g. 34 and Figure 35 ). This is in an advantageous embodiment as a split shaft 726 with a non-rotatable, an axial angular offset receiving coupling 727, z. B. a metal bellows coupling 727, formed between the two shaft pieces. The shaft 726 is, for example in a section or shaft piece closer to the cylinder, via a radial bearing 691 directly or indirectly in a bore or recess of the frame 538; 533 stored. Preferably, the radial bearing 691 for a radial position of the color engraving cylinder 512 in a z. B. formed as an eccentric bush 728 eccentric ring 728 stored. A radial position takes place, for example, by pivoting the eccentric bushing 728 by the drive means 687, z. B. an electric motor 687 or preferably a fluid-operated piston-cylinder system 687, z. B. pneumatic cylinder 687. In an advantageous embodiment of the coupled via the coupling 727 pin 559 is supported by a radial bearing 729 - lying in particular within the clear width w538. B. in the eccentric bushing 728 mounted bushing 738 is arranged and preferably divisible for the removal of the color gravure cylinder 512 with a removable, z. B. upper bearing segment, in particular upper bearing half shell, and a frame-fixed, z. B. lower bearing segment, in particular lower bearing half shell, is formed.

Although a drive from a drive motor 616 to the shaft 726 via gear wheels is also conceivable, the motor rotor of the drive motor 616 is arranged here coaxially with the color engraving cylinder 512 and its motor rotor is connected directly or indirectly to the cylinder journal 559, in particular detachably. For this z. B. the shaft 726, for example in a cylinder-distant section or piece of shaft on its circumference directly the motor rotor, which is surrounded by the motor stator. The motor stator is directly or indirectly fixed to the frame, e.g. B. on the eccentric bushing 728 attached. To prevent twisting of the motor stator compared to the z. B. on the shaft 726 arranged motor rotor z. A further radial bearing 739 is provided, for example, between a motor housing carrying the motor stator and the eccentric bushing 728 . In order to nevertheless prevent the motor housing from rotating with the motor stator, this is coupled to a so-called torque support 741, which absorbs the closing and closing movement and is thus secured against twisting.

On the other side of the color engraving cylinder 512, its pin 559 is supported in the inserted state by a radial bearing 731, which is designed to be divisible with a removable, in particular upper bearing half shell for the removal of the color engraving cylinder 512. In an advantageous temperature-controlled embodiment of the color engraving cylinder 512, for example, a temperature control medium inflow and outflow 651; 652 provided on this page. Between the part of the temperature control medium inflow and outflow 651 that is fixed to the cylinder and the part that is fixed to the frame; 652 is preferably a z. B. self-locking valve provided. The radial bearing 731 is arranged on a bushing 732 which -. B. also designed as an eccentric bushing 733 eccentric ring 733 - is mounted in the frame 538. The radial bearing 731 is in particular arranged within the clearance w538. The eccentric bushing 733 can be pivoted by its own drive means or by the first-mentioned drive means 687 via a synchronous spindle.

In a preferred embodiment, the bushing 732 together with the radial bearing 731 is mounted so that it can move axially in the frame 538 and/or in the eccentric bushing 733 and is driven by an axial drive 734, e.g. B. to decouple the previously opened clutch 724 and / or to correct the axial position of the color engraving cylinder 512, d. H. of the side register, axially movable. The axial drive 734 includes a drive means 736, z. B. a drive motor 736, through which a gear, z. B. a rotary to linear motion converting transmission, the sleeve 732 is axially movable. The transmission here includes z. B. a screw drive 737.

The color relief cylinder 519 is in the same frame 538; 533 like the color engraving cylinder 512 or preferably in a part stand 533, from which the part frame 538 supporting the color engraving cylinder 512 can be moved away. In the version of the color relief cylinder 519, in which he also as a whole from the frame 533; 538 is to be removable, it can be configured or mounted in a manner corresponding to the manner set forth above axially, or radially in a manner corresponding to the manner set forth above.

In an embodiment of the color relief cylinder 519 in which it can be equipped with finite color relief shapes, it does not have to be removable for set-up purposes. It can be radially adjusted, for example, on both sides via radial bearings 743, e.g. B. in eccentric rings 742 designed as preferred eccentric bushings 742 (see e.g. Figure 36 ). Here, too, setting is indicated by a corresponding in Figure 35 drive means 783, not shown, e.g. B. an electric motor 783, or possibly a fluid-operated piston-cylinder system, z. B. pneumatic cylinder effected. The rotary drive can in principle via gears from a downstream inking unit or printing couple cylinder 531; 503; 501, but is preferably provided by a separate drive motor 698. This can take place via gear wheels, but preferably takes place axially to the color relief cylinder 519. For this purpose, the motor rotor is arranged, for example, directly on a one-part or multi-part shaft 747 which extends the cylinder journal 746 in a rotationally fixed manner. The motor stator can be supported by the internal motor bearing ring, but supported against rotation via a torque arm 744 on the frame 533.

Basically independently of the embodiment specifically described here, but advantageously in connection with this or one of the variants, the color relief cylinder 519 can be temperature-controlled, in particular designed so that temperature-control fluid can flow through it. For this purpose, it has an interface 748, in particular a rotary feedthrough 748, on one of its end bearings, preferably on the side opposite drive motor 698, and a corresponding line routing into color relief cylinder 519, inside this color relief cylinder 519 for its temperature control, and out of it again.

The color relief cylinder 519 is preferably connected via an axial drive 749, e.g. B. to correct the axial position of the color relief cylinder 519, d. H. of the side register, axially movable. The axial drive 734 includes a drive means such. B. a drive motor, through which a gear, z. B. a rotation in a linear motion converting gear, with the cylinder pin 746 tension and pressure resistant bushing connected or a ring is axially movable. The transmission here includes z. B. a screw drive.

In the embodiment presented here, the drive means 616; 698, e.g. B. drive motors 616; 698 of color engraving and color relief cylinder 512; 519 provided on different frame sides.

As discussed above, the color gravure cylinder 512 is a preferred embodiment rotationally by its own, from the drive of the other inking cylinder 519; 531 and/or printing unit cylinder 501; 503 mechanically independent drive motor 616 driven. This and the drive configuration described below is fundamentally independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, its embodiments and variants and/or the previously presented statements, embodiments and variants for the type of arrangement of the depressions 513 or engravings 513 the color gravure cylinder 512 and/or the means supporting the mounting of a sleeve 637, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned versions, embodiments and variants.

In a first embodiment, the respective color relief cylinder 519 can be rotated via a mechanical coupling, for example via gears, from the next downstream printing unit or inking unit cylinder 503; 531, for example the forme cylinder 503 or the transfer cylinder 531 that may be provided in between, but is preferably driven by a separate inking unit cylinder 519; 531 and/or printing unit cylinder 501; 503 mechanically independent drive motor 698 can be driven or driven.

In a variant, color engraving and associated color relief cylinders 512; 519 together, coupled via gears, for example, by one driven by the other inking unit cylinders 531 and/or printing unit cylinders 501; 503 mechanically independent drive motor 698 can be driven or driven.

The first inking unit cylinder 512, which includes depressions 513, is therefore preferably alone or possibly together with the second inking unit cylinder 519 during production operation by a drive means that is mechanically independent of the third inking unit cylinder 531 and/or the forme cylinder 503 rotating during production operation and whose angular position can be regulated Drive 616, 711 drivable and/or driven.

If a transfer cylinder 531, in particular ink collection cylinder 531, is provided in printing unit 500 between ink relief cylinder 519 and forme cylinder 503, in a first embodiment this is rotatable via a mechanical coupling, for example via gears 701 that mesh with one another at least during operation; 702, driven or drivable from the next downstream printing cylinder 503, for example the forme cylinder 503. In this embodiment, however, the transfer cylinder 531 is preferably equipped with a drive motor 703, e.g. a so-called auxiliary or set-up motor 703, through which the transfer cylinder 531, which is mechanically separated from the drive of the forme cylinder 503, can be rotated at least during set-up operation and/or when the inking unit 508 has moved away from the printing unit part 509. In an alternative embodiment, a transfer cylinder 531, which may be provided, is provided with a - e.g. B. with operating speed V operable - provided drive motor 699, which serves as a set-up drive when coupled separately and z. B. counteracts a tooth flank change during operation with an existing coupling as an auxiliary drive by applying a braking or driving torque to the transmission cylinder 531 . In another, e.g. B. because of its mechanically less complex embodiment, the drive motor 699 replaces the mechanical coupling to the forme cylinder 503 entirely and rotates the transfer cylinder 531 operationally without further drive coupling to other printing unit or inking unit cylinders 501; 503; 512; 519; 531.

Although the forme cylinder 503 can also be driven by its own drive motor in the above sense, it is preferably mechanically coupled, e.g. B. via gears 706 meshing during operation; 707, together with the impression cylinder 501, is driven or can be driven by a drive motor 704, in particular provided axially or via a drive pinion 708 on the forme cylinder 503.

The inking and printing cylinders 512; 519; 531; 501; 503 individually or in groups operationally, ie during production operations, rotationally driving drive motors 616; 698; 699; 704 are preferably used as drive motors 616; 698; 699; 704, in particular as servomotors 616; 698; 699; 704 or preferably as angular position controllable torque motors 616; 698; 699; 704 trained. O.g. Wiping cylinder 507 can be driven by the forme cylinder 503 or is preferably driven by its own drive motor 709, e.g. B. also a servo or preferably torque motor 709 driven or drivable.

Each of the drive motors 616; 698; 699; 704 is a control and/or regulating device 711; 712; 713; 714, e.g. B. a drive controller 711; 712; 713; 714 assigned, by which the relevant drive motor 616; 698; 699; 704 or the inking unit and printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 501; 503 is operated or can be operated with angular position control. A control and/or regulating device 716, e.g. B. is assigned a drive controller 716, by which the drive motor 709 in question or the wiping cylinder 507 rotated by it is or can be operated with regard to its rotational speed. A drive motor 616 that can be controlled with respect to its angular position or at least its speed of rotation; 698; 699; 704; 709 is used together with its drive controller 711; 712; 713; 714; 716 hereinafter also referred to as drive 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 and 709, 716, respectively.

The inking and printing cylinders 512; 519; 531; 501; 503 individually or in groups driving drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 receive an angular position Φ _L of a so-called electronic guide axis L, which progresses during operation, which is determined by the electronically transmitted angular position of a rotary encoder output provided on another unit of the printing press or preferably the angular position Φ _L of a virtual guide axis L is given. The latter can be driven by one of the drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 itself in the manner of a master drive or in an additional controller 717, e.g. B. drive control 717, be or are generated. A setpoint speed V _set , which can be, for example, an operating speed V desired for production, or production speed V _P for short, and/or the signal for starting or stopping can be specified for master axis L, for example via a machine controller 718 from a machine control station 719.

In a first embodiment, not shown here, the angular position Φ _L of the guide axis L can be assigned to each of the drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 or 709, 716, in particular their drive controllers 711; 712; 713; 714; 716, on the input side via a signal connection, e.g. B. a network connection, as a master signal, to which the angular position-controlled drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 each as a slave - possibly taking into account drive-specific parameters {P} and/or regulations V1; V2 - to follow or have to follow. A possibly likewise "coupled" speed-controlled drive 709, 716 receives a signal specifying the speed or also the angle signal, from which it derives the speed. The rule can be a relationship between the target angular position Φ _S and the angular position Φ _M supplied as a master on the input side or the time t

In a preferred embodiment, however, at least the drive 616, 711; 698, 712 as the master signal on the input side, not the angular position Φ _L of the master axis signal, but the actual angular position Φ _i ; Φ _i (531); Φ _i (501); Φ _i (503) of a downstream inking or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503, in particular of the next downstream inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 503, representative or with this strictly correlated angular position Φ _M ; Φ _M (512); Φ _M (519); Φ _M (531); Φ _M (503) as master. This drive 616, 711; 698, 712 then follows - for example using predetermined rules - as a slave due to the angular position Φ _M of the relevant downstream inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 predetermined angular position signal. The term "downstream" relates to the flow of ink in the printing or inking unit 500; 508

The drive 616, 711; 698, 712, for example, a common drive 616, 711; 698, 712 for color engraving and color relief cylinders 512; 519, which of the actual angular position Φ _i (531); Φ _i (501); Φ _i (503) of a, preferably next, downstream inking unit or printing unit cylinder 531; 501; 503 follows. Preferably, however, a separate drive 616, 711 is provided for the color engraving cylinder 512, which as a slave of the actual angular position Φ _i (519); Φ _i (531); Φ _i (503) of a, preferably next, downstream inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503, in particular that of the color relief cylinder 519. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a dedicated drive 698, 712 is also provided for the color relief cylinder 519, which as a slave is the actual angular position Φ _i (531); Φ _i (503) of a, preferably next, downstream inking unit or printing unit cylinder 531; 501; 503, in particular that of the forme cylinder 503 or that of the transfer cylinder 531, which is preferably to be provided.

To form the respective drive control loop and/or for providing a master signal for an upstream inking unit cylinder 531; 519; 512 is connected to the relevant inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 the actual angular position Φ _i (512); Φ _i (519); Φ _i (531); Φ _i (503) of the inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 directly or indirectly detecting sensors 721; 722; 723, e.g. B. a rotary encoder 721; 722; 723 or 721 encoder for short; 722; 723, operatively connected. These sensors 721; 722; 723 can be controlled by the rotary encoder 721; 722; 723, e.g. B. as a motor-internal rotary encoder or as a z. B. his Rotor non-rotatably with the relevant inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 or the motor shaft connected encoder attachment, be formed or by an additional, with z. B. its rotor rotatably or forcibly rotating with the relevant inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 or the rotary encoder 721; 722; 723.

An actual target angular position Φ _S ; _ΦS (512); _ΦS (519); _ΦS (531); Φ _S (503), which of the respective inking unit or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503 is to follow, can be made directly by the angular position Φ _M (L); Φ _M (519); Φ _M (531); Φ _M (503) which, for example, for all "coupled" drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 by the angular position Φ _M (L) specified by the guide axis L or by the way set out above from an actual angular position Φ _i (519); Φ _i (531); Φ _i (503) of a downstream inking or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 503 resulting actual angular position Φ _i (519); Φ _i (531); Φ _i (503) is formed.

As already indicated above, an actual target angular position Φ _S (512); _ΦS (519); Φ _S (503), however, by applying predetermined rules to the angular position Φ _M (L) supplied at the input as a master signal; Φ _M (519); Φ _M (531); Φ _M (503) can be adapted to the conditions present in the machine and/or varied to operating requirements. For this purpose, for example, corresponding parameters can be supplied, which in their entirety 37 are indicated by {P} by way of example.

The drives 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 or 709, 716, in particular drive controllers 711; 712; 713; 714; 716 via the same first or a further signal connection, e.g. B. Network connection, the external conditions into account and / or the operation of the drive 616, 711; 698, 712; 699, 713; 704, 714 or 709, 716 relevant parameters {P} can be supplied. Such parameters {P} include, for example, information that may be required for a gear factor G1; G2; G3, which z. B. the relative sizes of the respective inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 501; 503 and/or the ratio between the rolling length of the inking unit or printing unit cylinder 519 to be driven; 531; 501; 503 and the path length to be assumed for a full 360° rotation of the master axis L. Additionally or instead, a correction angle ΔΦ; Δφ (512); Δφ (519); ΔΦ (531), which, for example, as a correction of the circumferential register in the formation of the target angular position Φ _S in question from the angular position Φ _M (L) provided as a master; Φ _M (519); Φ _M (531); Φ _M (503) must be taken into account.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least for the drive 616; 711 of the color gravure cylinder 512, but in particular for the common or respective drive 616; 711; 698, 712 of the color engraving cylinder 512 and the color relief cylinder 519, if the latter is configured, a change in length of the printing forme 504 arranged on the forme cylinder 503 due to a peripheral speed of the inking unit cylinder 512 in question that varies at least temporarily compared to the peripheral speed of the forme cylinder 503; 519 to at least partially compensate. Such elongations can typically result in the course of a production with gravure printing, in particular with intaglio printing, due to the high contact forces acting in the printing point.

For such a compensation, the drive 616; 711; 698, 712 set up, for example, the relevant inking unit cylinder 512; 519 according to an angular position Φ _M (L); Φ _M (519); Φ _M (531); Φ _M (503) cyclically modified setpoint angular position Φ _S (512); Φ _S (519) to drive. The modification takes place e.g. B. cyclically with the repetition length on the forme cylinder 503, ie the circumference or an m-th part of the circumference on the forme cylinder 503 in the above sense.

The modification takes place, for example, after a drive in question 616; 711; 698, 712 or in particular in its drive controller 711; 712 filed and/or implemented regulation V1; V2, which, for example, by one or more variable parameters g ₁ ; g ₂ , g ₃ , e.g. B. one or more parameters g ₁ ; g ₂ , g ₃ of a non-linear transmission function, can be parameterized in terms of their form and/or amplitude, ie can be varied in turn. A cycle length is given, for example, by the m-th part of a forme cylinder revolution, m corresponding to the number of printing lengths or printing forms 504 provided one after the other on the circumference of the forme cylinder 503 in the manner explained above. The repetition length counts here z. B. from a print start of a print length to the next print start and closes any existing gap to the next print length - z. B. due to any existing channels for the ends of the printing forme on the forme cylinder 503 and/or for receiving gripper strips on the impression cylinder 501.

A regulation V1; V2 implemented, by which, viewed cyclically over a development length of the first inking unit cylinder 512 corresponding to a printing length, a defined deviation from the without application of the rule V1; V2 is built up from the target angular position Φ _S (512) resulting from the master signal on the input side, and is returned to zero again before the start of a new cycle. For example, the modification over the print length is considered on the inking unit cylinder 512 in question; 519 an angle difference, e.g. B. a lag, built up compared to the uncorrected synchronous angular position on the forme cylinder 503, with the passage of the cylinder channel on the forme cylinder 503 correlating peripheral area through the nip with the downstream next inking or printing unit cylinder 519; 531; 503 - e.g. B. using a relation to the printing speed excessive angular velocity - back to the synchronous angular position, z. B. forward, corrected, that is, transferred to the synchronous relative position. In a preferred connection, the color gravure cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 are in a synchronous relative position at the start of printing, with the angular velocity already assuming the slightly lower value for the build-up of the lag.

In principle, a different course can also be provided for the modification. For example, as an alternative, an increasing lead starting with the beginning of printing can be provided, which goes back to zero up to a middle area of the printing length and then leads to an increasing lag. This deviation is converted back to zero until the start of printing again.

The above-mentioned transfer to the synchronous angular position, which is to be maintained without the correction, takes place in an embodiment of the color relief cylinder 519 in which it can be equipped with a finite color relief shape, the ends of which are guided in an axially running channel 751 (example in 37 in the middle of the five in 37 color trains 529 shown as examples; 532) are accommodated, preferably takes place during the passage of this channel 751 through the inking unit cylinders 512; 519 formed Nipp.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, its embodiments and variants and/or the statements, embodiments and variants presented above for the type of arrangement of the depressions 513 or engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512, of the mounting means supporting a sleeve 637 and/or the drive concept or drive configuration described, but advantageously in connection with one of the above-mentioned statements, embodiments and variants, is a concept for checking and/or adjusting and/or correcting the information relating to forme cylinder 503 register-correct position of the color engraving cylinder 512, to be replaced synonymously here with the expression of the first inking unit cylinder 512 for the following, and/or of the color relief cylinder 519, to be replaced synonymously here with the expression of the first inking unit cylinder 512 for the following, and more preferred way as follows.

For checking and/or setting and/or correcting a relative position between first inking unit cylinder 512 and forme cylinder 503 in the circumferential and/or axial direction by printing unit 500, at least one first image element 761 serving as a register mark; 762 printed on the substrate S. A check and, if necessary, an adjustment and/or correction of the relative position between the first inking unit or color engraving cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 - e.g. B. in the circumferential direction, in the axial direction or preferably both - is then carried out using the print result and / or the position of at least one by the printing unit 500 on the substrate S; S' of the first picture element 761 printed on and serving as a register mark; 762.

Particular preference is given to checking and automatically setting and/or correcting a relative position in the circumferential and/or axial direction between the first and/or second inking unit cylinder 512 on the one hand and forme cylinder 503 on the other hand and/or checking and compensating for a change in a imaging pattern on the forme cylinder 503, in particular a print image length determined above. elongation, using a first picture element 761 printed on the substrate as a register mark by the printing unit 500; 762; 766; 767 made. The drive 616, 711; 798 of the relevant inking unit cylinder 512; 519 is preferably designed for this purpose in accordance with an embodiment or variant presented above.

The first pixel 761; 762 is or will be, in particular, by printing ink from an indentation 514.1; 514.2 are formed or printed, which are only partially formed on the forme cylinder 503 with a projection obtained by unrolling one of at least two indentations 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4 overlaps and in this way only partially Printing ink is or was inked.

The checking and/or adjustment and/or correction preferably takes place using the first-mentioned picture element 761; 762 and one in the same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u '"(512); R _u *(512) of the second image element 763 associated with it and serving as a reference mark—printed onto the substrate S by the printing unit 500; 764, which is provided by the printing ink of a further indentation 514.3; 514.4 which is formed on the forme cylinder 503 at least partially with a projection of a second indentation 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4 overlaps and in this way is or was at least partially colored with printing ink. The checking and/or adjustment and/or correction is preferably carried out using the at least one checking element 761; 762 printed picture element 761; 762 and its position relative to the same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u *(512) associated and also on the substrate S; S' via the same inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 via the second depression 514.3; 514.4 on the forme cylinder 503 as a reference element 763; 764 printed second picture element 763; 764

Since they are used to check or check a relative position, the indentations 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4; 514.1; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4 for distinguishing between indentations 513 (only) involved in the printed image; 514 here e.g. B. also as control wells 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4; 514.1; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4.

The test fields R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) can in one embodiment - for example on a Test desk - assessed and evaluated by visual inspection. Instead or in addition to this, a detection can also be made via a sensor system 753, e.g. B. a camera 753, which is provided directly on the substrate path of the printing machine for inline measurement or on the test desk. An evaluation and, if necessary, output of a result, e.g. B. to a display device 754, z. B. a display or a screen, can then, for example, integrated in the sensors 753 or in control means 756, z. B. a data processing device 756, implemented software. In an advantageous development, via one or more corresponding signal connections 758 between data processing device 756 and the relevant drive means 616; 736 an automatic correction of the relative position in the circumferential or axial direction, also referred to above as correction of the circumferential and lateral register, can take place. In the case of a pure display of the results or a mere visual inspection by the operator, the correction by the operator via z. B. provided at the control station user interface 757, z. B. via mechanical or virtual buttons or buttons.

The indentations 514.1; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4 can be integrated in the imaging pattern of the depressions 514 relating to the printed image and can be defined there as such, or else outside of this area. In an embodiment that is advantageous with regard to the possibility of checking by visual inspection, these depressions 514.1 are provided on the forme cylinder 503 for checking the correct relative position; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4 within the printing width or substrate width, but outside the area of those depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 which are also combined at the top by the imaging pattern of depressions 514. O.g. picture elements 761; 762; 763; 764 are then outside of the print image for the or - z. B. in columns and rows - to be printed benefit N _i in an edge area 752 of the substrate S.

The depressions 514.1; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4 each overlap at least partially with an above-mentioned projection obtained by unrolling one of the at least two depressions 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4.

The at least two depressions 514.1; 514.3; 514.2; 514.4 by interacting with the depressions 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4 on the first inking unit cylinder 512 information about the above Relative position in the axial or circumferential direction.

For this interaction, two particularly advantageous embodiments are presented below.

In the first embodiment, the forme cylinder 503, z. B. outside of the imaging pattern, at least one line-like, z. B. in development (ie developed on one plane) rectilinear, running on the circumference depression 514.1; 514.2, e.g. B. Examination depth 514.1; 514.2, and on the first inking unit cylinder 512 an associated line or strip-like, z. B. in development straight, running on the circumference depression 513.1; 513.2, e.g. B. Examination depth 513.1; 513.2, provided in such a way that an inking unit cylinder 512; 519; 531 projection of the associated indentation 513.1 running on the color gravure cylinder 512 obtained on the forme cylinder 503; 513.2 the recesses 514.1 running on the forme cylinder 503; 514.2 intersects and in the cutting or overlapping area in the direction of the linear depression 514.1; 514.2 viewed on the forme cylinder 503 is narrower than the length of this depression 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503. In--as is preferred--the recess 513.1; 513.2 runs the projection obtained on the forme cylinder 503 of the one running on the color gravure cylinder 512 cavity 513.1; 513.2 inclined to the depression 514.1 running on the forme cylinder 503; 514.2 and cuts them. The linear indentations 513.1; 513.2; 514.1; 514.2 or projection in development viewed perpendicular to each other.

The length of the depression 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 is significantly larger - e.g. B. at least twice as large - than the width of the corresponding depression 513.1; 513.2 on the color gravure cylinder 512 or its projection.

A picture element 761; 762 as a test element 761; 762 on the substrate S; S' z. B. formed by printing ink, which in the overlapping or cutting area of the linearly running on the forme cylinder 503 indentation 514.1; 514.2 and the inking unit cylinders 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 projection of a depression 513.1 running on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512; 513.2 recorded and when printing on the substrate S; S' is delivered. The depression 513.1; 513.2 on the first, i. H. the color gravure cylinder 512 and its projection is preferably also linear z. B. in settlement executed straight and runs inclined to the recess 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503.

In principle, the printing ink for the test elements 761, 762 can flow from the color gravure cylinder 512 over a flat surface of a subsequent inking unit cylinder, but preferably over to the indentations 513.1; 513.2 corresponding surveys 524.1; 524.2 or one or more corresponding raised areas 522.1; 522.2 of a color relief cylinder 519 are transmitted.

The term “line-like” should be understood here—unless a distinction is made explicitly—in addition to lines with small line widths as well as strip-like lines with larger line widths, one length in particular being greater than one in each case Broad. Although in a preferred embodiment the "line-like" indentation or elevation has a line thickness that is constant over the length, wedge-like structures can also be included in the broadest sense.

The checking and, if necessary, adjustment and/or correction of the relative position between the color gravure cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 in the axial and/or circumferential direction is carried out using at least one of the above-mentioned methods on the substrate S; S' via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 via a depression 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 as a test element 761; 762 printed picture element 761; 762 and its position relative to the same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u *(512) associated and also on the substrate S; S' via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 via another depression 514.3; 514.4, e.g. B. Reference well 514.3; 514.4, on the forme cylinder 503 as a reference element 763; 764 printed picture element 763; 764 (see e.g. Figure 39 , figure 40 , Figure 41 , 43 and 44 ).

In this first embodiment, the data assigned to the test element 761; 762 associated depression 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 and the projection of the corresponding depression 513.1; 513.2 on the color engraving cylinder 512 only partially, in particular in a crossing point or section. The position of the intersection or the crossing point supplies the information on the position of the color gravure cylinder 512. In Figure 39 is the functionality e.g. B. is shown schematically using the example of a printing unit 500 comprising an ink collecting cylinder 531, this being transferred accordingly to a printing unit 500 without an ink collecting cylinder 531. In the case of the latter, the indentations 514.1; 514.2; 514.3, 514.4 and indicated color imprints on the forme cylinder 503 and the image elements 761; 762; 763; 764 on the substrate S; S' mirrored on the horizontal to show in Figure 39 to foresee.

In an embodiment variant that is particularly advantageous with regard to better measurement accuracy (see, e.g., the triple embodiment in 43 and 44 ), is or will be a group of test elements 761; 762 of the same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u *(512) on the substrate S; S' formed by printing ink which, in the intersection area of a depression 514.1; 514.2 and the inking unit cylinders 512; 512; 519; 531 projections obtained on the forme cylinder 503 of a group of depressions 513.1; 513.2 in recess 514.1; 514.2 of the forme cylinder 503 and when printing on the substrate S; S' is delivered. Here too, viewed in development, the preferably line-like projection preferably runs perpendicularly to the indentation 514.1, 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503.

The at least one test element 761; 762 as well as the different reference element 763; 764 of the same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u *(512) are preferably applied to the substrate S via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 during production operation together with the image motif or print image of the copy or copies N _i to be printed; S' printed on, preferably outside of the panel or panels N _i of the substrate S to be produced; S', for example in a lateral, leading or trailing edge area 752 surrounding the printed image of the copy N _i . B. simplified by visual inspection.

In the particularly advantageous embodiment specifically presented here (see e.g. Figure 39 , figure 40 , Figure 41 , 43 and 44 ). linearly running in the axial direction and a depression 514.1 via the paired unrolling of the inking unit cylinders 512 involved in the ink transport; 519; 531, obtained on the forme cylinder 503, of a depression 513.1 running linearly in the circumferential direction on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512 in the depression 514.1 of the forme cylinder 503 and recorded on the substrate S during printing; S' delivered. This applies correspondingly to the embodiment with the projections of a plurality of indentations 513.1 running linearly in the circumferential direction on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512 in order to produce a plurality of test elements 761.

A test element 762 relating to the relative position in the circumferential direction is or is formed, in the particularly advantageous embodiment specifically described here, by printing ink which is in the intersection area of an indentation 514.2 running linearly in the circumferential direction on the circumference of forme cylinder 503 and a depression 514.2 that runs in pairs in each case and that is involved in ink transport inking cylinder 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 projection of a depression 513.1 running linearly in the axial direction on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512; 513.2 received in the recess 514.2 of the forme cylinder 503 and when printing on the substrate S; S' delivered. This applies correspondingly to the embodiment with the projections of a plurality of indentations 513.2 running linearly in the circumferential direction on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512 in order to produce a plurality of test elements 762.

In a second embodiment, a group of--e.g. B. at least 10, in particular at least 20 - on the forme cylinder 503 in the axial or in the circumferential direction next to each other at a first distance from each other evenly spaced linear depressions 514.1; 514.2 and on the circumference of the color engraving cylinder 512 a group of - e.g. B. at least 10, in particular at least 20 - at a second distance from each other evenly spaced linear second depressions 513.1; 513.2 provided in such a way that the alignment of the linear depressions 514.1; 514.2; 513.1; 513.2 on the respective inking unit or forme cylinder 512; 503 is the same, and/or that the second distance between the adjacent depressions 513.1; 513.2 slightly on the color engraving cylinder 512, ie by less than one line width of the depressions 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503, deviates from the first distance and/or that the inking unit cylinders 512; 519; 531 projections of the depressions 513.1; 513.2 at least partially overlap with depressions 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 that are outside of the imaging pattern (see e.g. Figure 42 ). The check and, if necessary, the setting and/or correction is carried out on the basis of a print result of the first group of linear depressions 514.1; 514.2, which deals with the group of inking unit cylinders 512; 519; 531 projections of the second group of linear depressions 513.1; 513.2 overlap at least partially.

In this second embodiment, the information on the relative position between the first inking unit cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 is or will be via a varying intensity in the coloring of the indentations 514.1; 514.2 are given to linear image elements 761 printed on the forme cylinder 503, which result from the varying overlapping of these depressions 514.1; 514.2 with the projections of the depressions 513.1; 513.2 on the color engraving cylinder 512. The correct relative position between the first inking unit cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 is determined by the position of a characteristic over the course of this fluctuating intensity, preferably by the position of a maximum or a minimum, relative to a reference element 763; 764 of the same test field R _a "'(512); R _u ‴(512) fixed or determined. This second version is based on an optical impression similar to the moiré effect, with the changing overlap of two line grids that differ slightly in line spacing wandering maxima and minima of a long-period intensity modulation appear.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, the groups of first and second depressions 514.1; 514.2; 513.1; 513.2 are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the forme and color gravure cylinder 503; 512 in the axial or circumferential direction, a maximum of overlap between the first depressions 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 and the projection of the second depressions 513.1; 513.2 in a middle region of the group, i. H. at least within a middle third of the respective group. In this case, an assessment can already be made via the human eye without a reference and/or a fault area can be imaged on both sides.

In the advantageous embodiment presented here, the linear indentations 513.1; 513.2, 514.1; 514.2 of the first and the second group are each arranged next to one another in the axial direction and extend with their longitudinal extent in the circumferential direction. The linear indentations 513.1; 513.2, 514.1; 514.2 of the first and the second group are each arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction and run with their longitudinal extent in the axial direction.

Regardless of the specific arrangement of the test elements 761; 762 underlying pairs of wells 513.1; 513.2, 514.1; 514.2 is or becomes a respective reference element 763; 764 on the substrate S; S' is formed by printing ink which is deposited in a depression 514.3; 514.4 recorded and printed to the substrate S; S' is delivered, the color gravure cylinder 512 having a depression 513.3; 513.4, e.g. B. Reference well 513.3; 513.4, whose inking unit cylinders 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 obtained projection over the reference element 763; 764 on the forme cylinder 503 supplying depression 514.3; 514.4 comes to rest. A depression 513.3, which is provided on the color engraving cylinder 512 to check the position in the axial direction and serves as a reference, has an oversize, e.g. B. of more than 200 microns, compared to the corresponding depression 514.3 on the forme cylinder 503 in the axial direction and the verification of the position in the circumferential direction related depression 513.4 an oversize, z. B. of more than 200 microns, compared to the corresponding depression 514.4 on the forme cylinder 503 in the circumferential direction. In this case, the respective oversize exceeds a possibly within the printed image for the indentation 513.3; 513.4 provided on the first inking unit cylinder 512 oversize, for example up to 200 microns, and is intended to ensure reliable inking of the respective reference element 763; 764 corresponding depression 514.3; 514.4 on the forme cylinder 503 in the event of an incorrect relative position to be corrected.

In principle, the printing ink for the reference elements 763, 764 can flow from the color gravure cylinder 512 over a flat surface of a subsequent inking unit cylinder, but preferably over to the indentations 513.3; 513.4 corresponding surveys 524.3; 524.4 or one or more corresponding raised areas 522.3; 522.4 of a color relief cylinder 519 are transmitted.

The respective test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) can only be a single depression 514.3; 514.4 reference element 763 produced on the forme cylinder 503; 764 (see e.g. Figure 39 and Figure 41 ). In other, regarding a z. B. assessment made by visual inspection In an advantageous embodiment, the test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) a group of defined spaced apart, via corresponding, z. B. straight, punctiform or rectangular depressions 514.3; 514.4 of reference elements 761 generated on the forme cylinder 503; 762 be assigned in the manner of a scale.

The above-mentioned checking and, if necessary, setting and/or correcting an axial relative position preferably takes place via a first test field R _{a (} 512; R _a '(512) ; R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512) as well as the above-mentioned checking and, if necessary, adjusting and/or correcting a relative position in the circumferential direction via a second, in particular outside of the panel or panels to be produced N _i second test field R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) lying in an edge region 752.

In a particularly advantageous development, a relative position is checked in the circumferential direction via two in the transport direction within a printing length on the substrate S; S' spaced test fields R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512) _; R _u ‴(512 _{) ;} R _u *(512) (512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) from the respective target position, a periodic variation of the peripheral speed on the first inking unit cylinder 512 compared to that of the forme cylinder 503 can be made for the above-mentioned compensation of a change in length of a printing forme 504 provided on the forme cylinder 503, in particular in correlation to the extent of the difference . If there is a positional deviation on the two test fields R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) from the respective target position, a change in the relative angular position between the first inking unit cylinder 512 and forme cylinder 503, in particular in correlation to the extent of the two test fields R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) the same amount of deviation.

For an embodiment of the printing unit 500 with a plurality of color trains 529; 532, with the forme cylinder 503 simultaneously inking partial print images over a plurality of color gravure cylinders 512 onto the substrate S; S' are printed comprises a test field R _a (512) relating to the axial or circumferential direction; R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) per selective color train 529 preferably at least one as a test element 761; 761';762; 762` formed pixel 761; 761';762; 762` or a group of several test elements 761; 761';762; 762` according to e.g. B. the first version above (see e.g. 43 and 44 , in which, by way of example, only two of the five groups of test elements shown there are designated as 761 and 761' or as 762 and 762`). For example, each of the provided - particularly selective - color trains 529; 532 or color gravure cylinder 512 of a z. B. as a multi-color printing unit 500 embodied printing unit 500 a test element 761; 761';762; 762` or a group of several test elements 761; 761';762; 762` imprinted. The underlying depressions 513.1; 513.2; 514.1; 514.2 on the color engraving cylinders 512 and on the forme cylinder 503 are arranged in relation to one another such that the test elements 761; 761' are aligned in the direction of the printing length when the color engraving cylinders 512 are in the correct relative position relative to one another, and the test elements 762; 762' with the correct relative position of the color gravure cylinders 512 on the substrate S; S' are aligned with each other in the direction of the printing width. The test elements 761; 761';762; 762` are in relation to the consideration of the respective color gravure cylinder 512 towards the forme cylinder 503 as a kind of register marks 761; 761';762;762' effective, while considering the position of the color gravure cylinders 512 relative to one another, they act as so-called fiducial marks 761; 761';762;762', also as color register marks 761; 761';762;762' are effective.

Via the relative position of the test elements 761; 761';762;762' or groups of test elements 761; 761';762; 762` of a check field R <sub>a</sub> (512); R <sub>a</sub> '(512); R <sub>a</sub> "(512); R <sub>a</sub> ‴(512); R <sub>a</sub> *(512); R <sub>u</sub> (512); R <sub>u</sub> '(512); R <sub>u</sub> "(512); R <sub>u</sub> ‴(512); R <sub>u</sub> *(512) to one another thus becomes information about the register, i.e. the relative position of the color gravure cylinder 512 to one another, and about the relative position between at least one via at least one assigned color gravure cylinder 512 colored test element 761; 761';762; 762` and at least one same test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); Ra _‴ (512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) to be assigned reference element 763; 764 checks the relative position between the color engraving cylinder 512 in question and the forme cylinder 503.

For a the test elements 761; 761';762;762' of a plurality of color gravure cylinders 512 comprising test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) can be a single reference element 763; 764 may be provided. However, several reference elements 763; 764 provided, e.g. B. on different sides of the grouping of test elements 761; 761';762;762', specifically at least one on each of the four sides of the array. The at least one reference element 763; 764 can then be applied via one of the color gravure cylinders 512 involved.

Such a test field R _a (512) comprising several color gravure cylinders 512; R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512) can then including the reference element or elements 763; 764 have external dimensions that do not exceed a field of 6 mm X 6 mm. In this case, for the picture elements 761; 761', 762, 762';763; 764 Line widths of 0.15 to 0.25 mm, preferably approximately 0.20 ± 0.01 mm and/or distances between the test elements 761; 761';762; 762` different color gravure cylinders 512 from 0.45 to 0.55 mm, in particular 0.5 ± 0.01 mm.

By using a sensor system 753 working inline in the machine or offline on a test table, for example, an in Figure 45 intensity profile I(a) shown schematically; I(u) over a group of the axial and test and reference elements 761 relating to the peripheral position; 761';762;762' outlined.

In addition to the described checking and/or setting and/or correcting the position of color gravure cylinder 512, the relative position between the second inking unit cylinder 519, i.e. the color relief cylinder 519, and the forme cylinder 503 is preferably also checked and/or set and/or corrected circumferentially - and/or in the axial direction. This is preferably done using at least one on the substrate S; S' via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 as a test element 766; 767 printed picture element 766; 767 and its position relative to the same test field R _a (519); R _a *(519); _Ru (519); R _u *(519) associated and also on the substrate S; S' via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 as a reference element 768; 769 printed picture element 768; 769 (see e.g. Figure 46 ).

The respective lower representations in the figures Figure 40, Figure 41 , Figure 42 and Figure 43 each show a schematic representation of the conditions before the excess ink is wiped off the unengraved lateral surface.

In doing so, e.g. B. the test element 766 relating to the position of the second inking unit cylinder 519; 767 on the substrate S; S' formed by printing ink which, in the overlapping area of a depression 514.6; 514.7 with a depression 514.6 opposite this; 514.7, viewed in its longitudinal direction, is shorter, via the inking unit cylinders 512 involved in the ink transport unwind in pairs; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 projection of an area inked by the inking cylinder 512 of an elevation 524.6; 524.7 or raised area 522.6; 522.7 7 in depression 514.6; 514.7 of the forme cylinder 503 and when printing on the substrate S; S' delivered, the elevation 524.6; 524.7 or the raised area 522.6; 522.7 7 over a projection of this elevation 524.6; 524.7 or this raised area 522.6; 522.7 in the direction of the depression 514.6; 514.7 on the forme cylinder 503 viewed longer indentation 513.6; 513.7 is colored (see e.g. Figure 46 ).

Here, too, the at least one test element 766; 767 as well as the different reference element 768; 769 via the inking unit 508 and the forme cylinder 503 during production operation together with the image motif of the benefit or benefits N _i to be printed on the substrate S; S' printed.

The test element 766; 767 associated cavity 514.6; 514.7 on the forme cylinder 503 and the projection of the corresponding elevation 524.6; 524.7 or the raised area 522.6; 522.7 on the color relief cylinder 519 only partially overlap, with the position of the overlap providing the information on the position of the color relief cylinder 519.

Since they are used to check or check a relative position, the elevations 524.6; 524.7; 524.8; 524.9 or or raised areas 522.6; 522.7; 522.8; 522.9 here e.g. B. also as test surveys 524.6; 524.7 or reference surveys 524.8; 524.9 or examiner areas 522.6; 522.7 or reference ranges 522.8; 522.9 also as control area 524.6; 524.7; 524.8; 524.9 or raised control areas 522.6; 522.7; 522.8; 522.9.

As already for the test fields R _a (512) relating to the color gravure cylinder 512; R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512) can also be the test fields R _a (519); R _a *(519); _Ru (519); R _u *(519) in one embodiment in the manner set out above by visual inspection and evaluated or detected by a sensor system 753 and sent to the display device and/or a data processing device 754 and the resulting control commands via a signal connection 759 for automatic correction corresponding drive means 698; 749 to be forwarded.

Here, too, the elevations 524.6, 524.7, 524.8; 524.9 or areas 522.6, 522.7, 522.8; 522.9 lie in the width of the printed image, but are preferably outside the area of the elevations 524 or areas 522 involved in the printed image in an edge area 752 of the substrate S; S' provided.

In the schematic in Figure 46 indicated design are per test field R _a (519); R _u (519), an axial direction and a circumferential direction inspection element 766, respectively; 767 and in each case assigned a simple character, given for example by a dot, a line or a rectangle, as the reference element 768; 769 planned.

The respective reference element 768; 769 serving surveys 524.8; 524.9 or raised area 522.8; 522.9 is provided with a corresponding depression 513.8; 513.9 inked on the color engraving cylinder 512. The delivery to the substrate S; S' takes place from these directly or indirectly via corresponding depressions 514.8; 514.9 on the forme cylinder 503.

In a second embodiment, which is advantageous with regard to the possibility of an evaluation by visual inspection, the test field R _a '(519); R _u '(519) a group of defined spaced apart, via corresponding, z. B. straight, punctiform or rectangular, first depressions 514.6; 514.7 of image elements 766 produced on the forme cylinder 503; 767 may be assigned in the manner of a scale (see e.g. Figure 47 ). In order to obtain information about the relative position, the scale or group of indentations 514.6; 514.7 only inked in a section dependent on the position of the second inking unit cylinder 519 or after wiping as a corresponding part of the scale through part of the image elements 766; 767 pictured. In an embodiment that is easier to automate, a reference image element is used at the same time 768; 769 serving pixel 768; 769 via a corresponding depression 514.8; 514.9 formed or printed on the forme cylinder 503. This can e.g. B. on the forme cylinder 503 of a z. B. opposite target position lying in the middle of the scale.

In an embodiment comparable to the above embodiment of the embodiment relating to the position of the color engraving cylinder 512, the position of several, e.g. B. five color relief cylinders 519 as a test field R _a *(519); R _u *(519) of the printing unit 500, this preferably comprises at least one checking element 766; 766';767;767' formed pixel 766; 766';767; 767` according to e.g. B. the first version above (see e.g. Figure 46 ), where in Figure 48 exemplarily only two of the five groups of test elements shown there are designated as 766 and 766` or as 767 and 767`. For example, each of the provided color moves 529; 532 or over each of the color relief cylinders 519 contained therein a test element 766; 766';767;767' imprinted. The underlying elevations 524.6; 524.7 on the color relief cylinders 519 depressions 514.6; 514.7 are arranged on the forme cylinder 512 relative to one another in such a way that the checking elements 766; 766` with the correct relative position of the color engraving cylinders 512 on the substrate S; S' are aligned with one another in at least one of their ends viewed in the direction of the printing length, and the test elements 767; 767' with the correct relative position of the color relief cylinders 519 on the substrate S in the circumferential direction; S' are aligned with one another in at least one of their ends in the direction of the printing width (see e.g. Figure 49 ). The check elements 766; 766';767;767' are also here as a type of register marks 766; 766';767;767' effective, while considering the position of the color gravure cylinders 512 relative to each other in the form of register or color register marks 766; 766';767;767' are effective.

Via the relative position of the test elements 766; 766';767;767' or groups of check elements 766; 766';767;767' a check field R _a *(519); R _u *(519) to each other is thus information about the register, ie the relative position of the color relief cylinders 519 to each other, and about the relative position between at least one test element 766; 766`; 767; 767' and at least one of the same check field R _a *(519); R _u *(519) reference element 768 to be associated; 769 checks the relative position between the relevant color gravure cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503.

For a the test elements 766; 766`; 767; 767' comprising a plurality of color relief cylinders 519 test field R <sub>a</sub> *(519); R <sub>u</sub> *(519) can be a single reference element 768; 769 may be provided. However, multiple reference elements 768; 769 provided, e.g. B. on different sides of the array of probes 766; 766`; 767; 767`, specifically at least one on each of the four sides of the array. The at least one reference element 763; 764 can then be applied via one of the color relief cylinders 512 involved.

A substrate section S designed in particular for an above-mentioned check; S`, the z. B. basically by a web section S corresponding to a repeat length with a print length; S' or preferably by a printed substrate sheet S; S' may be formed includes - e.g. B. next to an intaglio printed image - an array of printed picture elements 761; 762; 763; 764 of a check field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a '"(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512), through their relative position and/or optical effect, conclusions can be drawn about a printing of the image elements 761; 762; 763; 764 in the axial and/or circumferential direction existing incorrect relative position between a forme cylinder 503 having depressions 514.1; 514.2; 514.3; 514.4 on its circumference and a first inking unit cylinder 512 of an inking unit 508 inking forme cylinder 503 having corresponding depressions 513.1; 513.2; 513.3; 513.4 on its circumference.

In this case, the substrate section S; S' preferably at least one test field R _a (512) characterizing the relative axial position; R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512) and at least one test field R _u (512) characterizing the relative position in the circumferential direction; R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512).

In a further development z. B. allows a distinction between register error and printing forme length, the substrate section S; S' on a print length two spaced test fields R _u (512) characterizing the relative position in the circumferential direction; R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512).

In an embodiment of the substrate section S corresponding to the first embodiment above; S' comprises the check field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) a picture element 763; 764 printed as reference element 763; 764 and a picture element 761; 762 printed on and in its position relative to reference element 763; 764 the information to the relative position between the forme cylinder and the first inking unit cylinder (503; 512).

In an embodiment of the substrate section S corresponding to the second embodiment above; S' comprises the check field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512) a group of evenly spaced linear image elements 761; 762, varying in the intensity of their coloring, from whose intensity profile conclusions can be drawn about a printing of the image elements 761; 762 in the axial and/or circumferential direction, the faulty relative position between the first inking unit cylinder 512 and the forme cylinder 503 can be derived.

Preferably, the substrate portion S; S', specifically on the same side - printed picture elements 766; 767; 768; 769 at least one other test field R _a (519); R _a '(519); R _a *(519); _Ru (519); R _u '(519); R _u *(519), by their relative position Conclusions about a when printing the picture elements 766; 767; 768; 769 faulty relative position in the circumferential and/or axial direction between the forme cylinder 503, which has the imaging depressions 514 on its circumference, and a second inking unit cylinder 519, i.e. the ink relief cylinder 519, which has the forme cylinder and has corresponding elevations 524 or raised areas 522 on its circumference 503 inking inking unit 508 can be derived.

Preferably, the substrate portion S; S' at least one test field R _a (519) characterizing the relative axial position of the color relief cylinder 519; R _a '(519); R _a *(519) and test field R _u (519) characterizing at least its relative position in the circumferential direction; R _u '(512); R _u *(512).

In an advantageous development, the substrate section S; S' on a print length two spaced test fields R _u (519) characterizing the relative position in the circumferential direction; R _u '(519); R _u *(519).

Although they can in principle also be incorporated in the area of the printed image, those on the substrate section S; S' provided test fields R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a '"(512); _Ra *(512); _Ru (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512); R _a (519); R _a '(519); R _a *(519); R _u (519); R _u '(519); R _u *(519) is preferably provided here in an edge region 752 of the substrate section S; S' outside of the print image formed by one or more printed copies N _i .

In an embodiment of the substrate section S that is suitable for particularly precise adjustment of the relative positions; S′, this includes a lateral edge area 752 of two groups of test fields R _a (512) that are spaced apart from one another in the direction of the printing length; R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a ‴(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512); R _u "(512); Ru _‴ (512); R _u *(512); _Ra (519); R _a '(519); R _a *(519); _Ru (519); R _u '(519); R _u *(519) each with the axial position of the color gravure cylinder 512 relevant test field R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); R _a *(512), a test field R _u (512) relating to the position in the circumferential direction of the color gravure cylinder 512; R _u '(512); R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512), a test field R _a (519); R _a '(519); R _a *(519 ) and a test field R _u (512); R _u '(519); R _u *(519) relating to the position in the circumferential direction of the color relief cylinder 519 (see e.g. Figure 49 , in which the spaced groups of test fields R _a (512); _Ru (512); _Ra (519); R _u (519 are designated in the lateral edge area 752 as an example for one of the exemplary embodiments presented above).

A printing unit 500, in particular for carrying out an above-mentioned method, through which substrate S; S' can be printed using a gravure printing process, comprises a forme cylinder 503, which has an imaging pattern of indentations 514 on its circumference, and an inking unit 508, through which the pattern of indentations 514 provided on the forme cylinder 503 can be inked, the forme cylinder 503 being controlled by an inking device 511 can be partially inked via a first inking unit cylinder 512, which has corresponding indentations 513 in the area of its lateral surface 518 to indentations 514 on the forme cylinder 503, and via a second inking unit cylinder 519, which is to be partially inked by the first inking unit cylinder 512. The forme cylinder 503 has to generate a verification of a relative position between forme and first inking cylinder 503; 512 serving pixel 761; 762; 763; 764 within the printing width, but outside of the peripheral region lying the printed image of one or more copies Ni and providing the imaging pattern of depressions 514, at least one depression 514.1; 514.2, which on the forme cylinder 503 is only partially related to an inking unit cylinder 512; 519; 531 obtained on the forme cylinder 503 projection of an indentation 513.1 provided on the circumference of the first inking unit cylinder 512 for checking the relative position in a defined position and location; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4 overlaps.

a z. B. for carrying out the above method and/or for producing such a substrate section S; S' particularly suitable printing machine with a printing unit 500, through which substrate S; S 'can be printed by a gravure printing process, e.g. B. a forme cylinder 503, which includes an imaging pattern of depressions 514 on its circumference, and an inking unit 508 through which the pattern of depressions 514 provided on the forme cylinder 503 can be inked, with the forme cylinder 503 being inked from an inking device 511 via a Lateral surface 518 to depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 corresponding depressions 513 having color gravure cylinder 512 and can be partially colored via a color relief cylinder 519 to be partially colored by the color gravure cylinder 512.

For preferably automated checking and correction, the forme cylinder 503 thus comprises at least one first depression 514.1 within the printing width, but advantageously outside a region lying the printed image of one or more copies providing an imaging pattern of depressions 514; 514.2; 514.3; 514.4 for printing at least one of the verification of a relative position between the forme cylinder 503 and the first or second inking unit cylinder 512; 519 serving first picture element 761; 762; 766; 767, with a sensor system 753 for detecting the first image element 761; 762; 766; 767, evaluation means for evaluating the position of the first picture element 761; 762; 766; 767 on the substrate S; S' and/or relative to a second pixel 763; 764; 768; 769 is provided and control and drive means 756; 616; 736; 698; 749 for correcting an incorrect relative position of the first or second inking unit cylinder 512; 519 are provided.

Software implemented in the sensor system 753 or in the control means 756 connected thereto in terms of signaling technology can be provided and/or designed in such a way that, as a result of the result of the evaluation of the position of the at least one image element 761; 762; 766; 767; 763; 764; 768; 769) one same test field (R _a (512); R _a '(512); R _a "(512); R _a "'(512); R _a *(512); R _u (512); R _u '(512) ; R _u "(512); R _u ‴(512); R _u *(512); (R _a (519); R _a *(519); R _u (519); R _u *(519) a manipulated variable can be output for the drive means (616; 736; 698; 749) affected by the correction of the positional deviation.

The at least one first depression 514.1; 514.2; 513.2; 513.4 only partially overlaps on the forme cylinder 503 with an inking unit rollers 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 obtained by rolling projection of at least two indentations 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4.

The forme cylinder 503 preferably has at least two indentations 514.1; 514.2; 514.3; 514.4, one of which is only partially and the other at least partially with a projection obtained by rolling one of at least two defined depressions 513.1; 513.3; 513.2; 513.4 overlap.

In a first embodiment, a depression 514.1; 514.2 and on the color gravure cylinder 512 an indentation 513.1; 513.2 be provided in such a way that, via unwinding in pairs of the inking unit cylinders 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 obtained projection of the indentation 513.1 running on the color gravure cylinder 512; 513.2 the depression 514.1; 514.2 overlaps, in an advantageously linear design inclined, in particular perpendicularly when developed, to the indentation 514.1 running on the forme cylinder 503; 514.2 runs.

In a second embodiment, z. B. on the forme cylinder 503 outside of the The imaging pattern is a first group of linear first depressions 514.1; 514.2 and on the circumference of the color gravure cylinder 512 a second group of linear second depressions 513.1; 513.2 provided in such a way that the alignment of the first and second linear depressions 514.1; 514.2; 513.1; 513.2 on the form or color gravure cylinder 503; 512 on the respective cylinder is the same, that the second distance is slightly, ie by less than a line width of the first depressions 514.1; 514.2, deviates from the first distance and that the inking unit rollers 512; 519; 531 projections of the indentations 513.1; 513.2 at least partially with indentations 514.1; 514.2 overlap on the forme cylinder 503.

In an advantageous embodiment, a depression 514.6; 514.7 and on the color gravure cylinder 512 an indentation 514.1; 514.2 on the forme cylinder 503 viewed in its longitudinal direction shorter elevation 524.6; 524.7; 524.8; 524.9 or a shorter raised area 522.6; 522.7; 522.8; 522.9 is provided in such a way that an inking unit cylinder 512; 519; 531 on the forme cylinder 503 projection of the elevation 524.6; 524.7; 524.8; 524.9 the corresponding depression 514.6; 514.7 on the forme cylinder 503 only partially covered.

Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, its embodiments and variants and/or the previously explained statements, embodiments and variants for the type of arrangement of the indentations 513 or engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512, the means supporting the mounting of a sleeve 637 and/or the described drive concept or the drive configuration and/or an above-mentioned checking and/or adjusting and/or correcting the relative position, but advantageously in A procedure and means for controlling the ink transfer in the inking unit 508 or in the respective ink train 529; 532 provided and preferably as explained below.

The color transfer via the inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 to the printing point 502 is - overall and also in each print image section - basically predetermined for a specific production on the input side of the inking unit 508 by the pattern of depressions 513 on the color gravure cylinder 512 and their volume, whereby the methods shown below allow a variation of these for the special, print image-specific Formation of the pattern basically predetermined size takes place. In the figures, which only serve to provide a qualitative explanation of the principle, a numerical indication of the size of a color transfer was therefore also dispensed with. The axis relating to the color transfer was generalized here and referred to as the transfer rate TR without a physical unit. Such a transfer rate TR could, for example, relate to the mass transport over a multiple or a fraction of a processing length z. B. of the color gravure cylinder 512 and take into account the entire usable lateral surface 518 or only a portion. The color transfer or the transfer rate TR on the path of the printing ink 517 from the inking device 511 to the printing point 502 ultimately determines the coverage of the substrate S; S' with ink 517, e.g. B. the color density in the printed image.

As already explained above, the color engraving cylinder 512 can be temperature-controlled according to the invention, in particular designed so that temperature-control fluid can flow through it. This is done, for example, on the front side via a rotary feedthrough 692 (in figure 50 and Figure 51 e.g. B. only indicated schematically). In an advantageous development, the temperature of the color relief cylinder 519 can also be controlled, e.g. B. the rotary feedthrough 748 with tempering fluid can flow, and / or - if available - the color collecting cylinder 531 tempered, z. B. an interface 771, in particular rotary feedthrough 771 with temperature control fluid, and / or the temperature of the forme cylinder 503, z. B. an interface 772, in particular rotary feedthrough 772 with temperature control fluid, and / or the temperature of the wiping cylinder 507, z. B. a rotary feedthrough 748 through which temperature control fluid can flow is formed. The temperature control of the color engraving and/or color relief cylinder 512; 519 is preferred for each of several, e.g. B. four or even five selective color trains 529 of a multi-color printing unit are provided.

In addition to the temperature-controlled inking unit cylinder 512, the means for controlling the ink transfer in the inking unit 508 preferably include control means by means of which the temperature on the inking unit cylinder 512 can also be varied during operation. A specification to the control means can, for example, be made manually via an operator interface or via a control circuit with a sensor system that evaluates the printed image.

In an advantageous development of this first embodiment, the color original space 516 or the color original unit 571 can also be temperature-controlled, in particular via a correspondingly provided interface 773, e.g. B. a fluid coupling 773, through which temperature control fluid can flow, is formed.

In the case of a printing unit 500 with a mixed configuration of the color trains 529; 531, e.g. B. as with three selective to two conventional color trains 529; 531, the duct roller and/or the ink fountain and/or the associated ink relief cylinder 519 of the conventionally designed ink train 531 can also be temperature-controlled, in particular so that temperature-control fluid can flow through it.

In a first application of temperature control or the ability to control the temperature of the inking unit cylinder(s) and/or printing unit cylinder(s) 512; 519; 531; 503 and/or the color original space 516 or the color original unit 571, in particular at least the color gravure cylinder 512, - in particular during stationary continuous printing at a constant operating speed V - due to the tempering, an operating temperature on the circumference of the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503 or in the area of the contact surface of the color original space 516 or the color original unit 571 essentially, ie for example at a maximum of ±2° C., at a specific temperature value, e.g. B. a temperature setpoint Ts, are kept constant and thus ensure consistent physical properties of the ink. Influences that arise, for example, via heat input from inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 and/or by a retaining means 526 that may be placed on the color engraving cylinder 512 are at least largely eliminated. In an advantageous embodiment, this desired temperature value T _S can be set, so that different specifications for the desired desired temperature value T S can be selected for different printing conditions and/or printing ink compositions. The (respective) temperature setpoint Ts can be set or changed via control means that are integrated, for example, in the machine control 718 or are implemented there as a software program or program part. B. the machine control station 719 can take place. When controlling the temperature of several of the different inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 of the same inking unit 508 or inking train 529; 532, the same or different temperature setpoints Ts can be specified or specified. The specification of a temperature setpoint T _s is to be understood here as meaning in general the specification of a temperature setpoint T s representing the desired setpoint temperature.

In a second application that is advantageous instead of or preferably in addition to the first application, the temperature control or the ability to control the temperature of the inking unit cylinder(s) and/or printing unit cylinder(s) 512; 519; 531; 503 and/or the color original space 516 or the color original unit 571, in particular at least the color gravure cylinder 512, the temperature of the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503 or the color original space 516 or the color original unit 571 with a targeted change in the specification of the temperature setpoint T _s . A change in the temperature setpoint T _s can, for example, occur at the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503, especially e.g. B. on the color gravure cylinder 512, may be required and/or undertaken or initiated if the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503, especially e.g. B. the color gravure cylinder 512, too little or too much ink 517 promotes. The latter can be determined, for example, by the printer or an inspection system that may be provided, due to a lack or excess of color in the printed image, for example due to a value for the color density that is too low or too high. If, for example, a lack of printing ink 517 is determined, the temperature setpoint T _s for the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512 is increased; 519; 531; 503, in particular at least the color gravure cylinder 512 used here for metering ink on the input side. Conversely, the temperature setpoint Ts for the relevant inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503, in particular at least the color gravure cylinder 512 used here for metering ink on the input side, is lowered if too much printing ink 517 is detected. The temperature on the color gravure cylinder 512 can be varied in a targeted manner, for example at least in the range between 35° C. and 55° C., or even between 25° C. and 60° C., by correspondingly varying the temperature setpoint Ts. If there is a variation between 35° C. and 55° C. on the color gravure cylinder 512--particularly under conditions that otherwise remain the same--for example a variation in the color transfer, ie the transfer rate TR for the printing ink 517, e.g. B. the color transfer to the print point 502 out of z. B. 10%, in particular 15% and more, achievable. If, for example, at an initially set temperature, z. B. Base temperature To, e.g. B. To = 45 ° C, a lack of color in the printed image is found, the temperature on the color gravure cylinder 512 is set to a higher working temperature T ₁ , for example by changing the temperature setpoint Ts accordingly. Conversely, if too much color is determined, the temperature on the color gravure cylinder 512 is set to a lower working temperature _T2 , for example by changing the temperature setpoint Ts accordingly (see, for example, schematically in Figure 52 . A base temperature To of e.g. B. To = 45 ° C aimed at, with a control or regulation range of at least ± 5 ° C, in particular ± 10 ° C.

Adjusting the color transfer via the change in temperature can, for example, be relevant for adjusting the color transfer to changing external conditions, in addition to the elimination of a shortage or excess of printing ink 517 in the printed image, which is necessary during production, for example. B. to differing physical properties of different printing inks 517 or to a specific operating speed V intended for production.

Although tempering to different temperature setpoints Ts is basically done in different ways, e.g. g. by tempering the tempering fluid to different temperatures, by varying the tempering fluid volume flow or a combination thereof, a unit 779 that regulates the fluid temperature at least of the outgoing fluid to a setpoint value is preferably used as the tempering fluid source, e.g. B. a heating-cooling unit 779 provided. The unit 779 can preferably provide temperature control fluid at a selectable or adjustable temperature level.

If several color units 529 are present, the color gravure cylinder 512 of each color unit 529 can preferably be temperature-controlled or temperature-controllable to a desired temperature value T _s independently of the others. For this are or they are to be temperature-controlled or temperature-controlled independently of one another by their own temperature-control means, in particular their own temperature-control fluid circuits which can be set with respect to the temperature setpoint T _s .

The operator, in particular the printer, can evaluate the printed image and set or change the temperature setpoint T _s offline. is - e.g. B. offline at a test table z. B. at the machine control station 719 or even inline in the substrate path - an inspection system with z. B. a sensor system 774, z. B. a densitometer 774 or a camera 774 capable of densitometric measurement, the setting or changing of the temperature setpoint T _s can be carried out directly by the printer on the basis of the measurement result or alternatively or optionally - automatically via a comparison with values of a - e.g. B. found to be good or originating from the pre-press - take place reference image in a control loop.

Basically independent of the above adjustment, change or control of the ink transfer brought about by the targeted temperature control, but preferably in addition to this, the ink transfer is and/or is via variation of the contact present in print-on, i. H. the pressure contribution δ; δ1; δ2; δ3, at least one nip 776; 777; 778 between two inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512 involved in the ink transfer between inking device 511 and printing point 502; 519; 531; 503, in particular at least between the color engraving cylinder 512 and the color relief cylinder 519. This variation occurs in Druck-On, i. H. while maintaining contact between the inking unit or printing unit cylinders 512 involved; 519; 531; 503. Print-On designates an operating state which is used for operation when the inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 is provided or foreseeable.

During the above setting or changing of the color transfer or the transfer rate TR is usually relatively sluggish via the temperature control, it can take place spontaneously via the mentioned variation of the pressure supply.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, basic settings and longer-term adjustments to the color transfer are thus carried out by the above-mentioned Controlling and/or regulating the temperature of at least one inking unit and/or printing unit cylinder 512; 519; 531; 503, in particular at least of the color gravure cylinder 512, during dynamic changes in external conditions and/or short-term requests for a correction via the variation of the contact, i. H. the pressure adjustment, at least one nip point 776; 777; 778 is encountered. Such changes or requirements can, for example, be the result of the occurrence of an event that changes the color transfer.

The pressure adjustment δ; δ1; δ2; δ3 of two a nip 776; 777; 778 forming inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 is intended here by the dimension δ; δ1; δ2; δ3, around which the two inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; 503 one opposite to one in the unloaded touch contact, i. H. a contact without any contact force, existing center distance a1; a2; a3 have a smaller center distance and as a result in the area of the nip point 776; 777; 778 a touch strip between the at nip 776; 777; 778 participating inking unit and/or printing unit cylinders 512; 519; 531; train 503

A variation of the pressure contribution δ1; δ3 at a nip 776; 778 of the cylinder train on which one of the participating inking unit or printing unit cylinders 512; 503 at the periphery a hard surface and/or indentations 513; 514 towards greater pressure adjustment δ1; δ3 has a decreasing color transfer, to a smaller pressure setting δ1; δ3 towards increasing color transfer. This applies at least in a medium working range of the pressure adjustment δ1; δ3 around a middle working position (see e.g. schematically in Figure 55 ).

In contrast, a variation of the pressure adjustment δ2 at a nip point 777 of the cylinder train, at which neither of the two inking unit or printing unit cylinders 519; 531 at the periphery a hard surface and/or indentations 513; 514 has an increasing color transfer towards a larger pressure offset δ2 and a decreasing color transfer towards a smaller pressure offset δ2.

This applies at least in a middle working range of the pressure adjustment δ1; δ3, in each case by a middle working position for the pressure setting δ ₀ (776); δ ₀ (777) around (see e.g. the in Figure 55 as an example for the nip points 776 and 777 shown diagrammatically).

Thus, the color transfer - in particular dynamic - by a variation of Druckbeistellung δ1; δ2; δ3 in at least one of the nips 776; 777; 778, namely that between color engraving cylinder 512 and color relief cylinder 519 and/or that between color relief cylinder 19 and the preferably provided transfer cylinder 531 and/or that between the preferably provided transfer cylinder 531 and forme cylinder 503, can be changed in the appropriate direction. Advantageously, at least the pressure adjustment δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 varies, but preferably at the same time, both the pressure adjustment δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 and also the pressure setting δ2 in the nip point 777 between and color relief cylinder 519 and transfer cylinder 531. Since these last two nip points 776; 777 both include the color relief cylinder 519 and changes in the pressure setting act in the opposite direction, only the color relief cylinder 519 is moved to adjust or change the color transfer by changing a pressure setting δ, namely preferably in such a way that the pressure setting δ1; δ2 between color engraving and color relief cylinder 512; 519 is increased and at the same time the one between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531 is reduced or reversed.

If, for example, a shortage of printing ink 517 is detected or expected, the color transfer is increased by reducing the printing position δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 and/or by increasing the pressure adjustment δ2 in the nip point 777 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531. Conversely, if there is an actual or expected excess of printing ink 517, a reduction in the color transfer by increasing the pressure adjustment δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 and/or by reducing the pressure setting δ2 in the nip point 777 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531.

Adjusting or changing the color transfer via the variation of at least one pressure adjustment δ is particularly suitable; δ1; δ2; δ3 for corrections or changes in the color transfer, which are caused by short-term changes or rapidly changing courses of changes in the existing conditions affecting the color transfer. If such events or changes are foreseeable, the setting or changing of the color transfer via the variation of at least one pressure position δ; δ1; δ2; δ3 can also be used for pilot control in an advantageous application. Here z. B. a variation of at least one pressure adjustment δ; δ1; δ2; δ3 in fixed correlation to the occurrence and/or course of a change in the operating conditions affecting the color transfer.

For example, experience has shown that the color transfer varies with the operating speed V in such a way that the color transfer decreases with increasing operating speed V and increases with decreasing operating speed V (see e.g. schematically the lowest curve in Figure 56 ).

If one now makes use of the above dependency or dependencies and gives a curve correlated with the operating speed V for the respective pressure adjustment δ; δ1; δ2; δ3, then with varying operating speed V - as occurs, for example, when the printing press is started up and shut down - a change in the ink transfer that would otherwise occur can be at least partially compensated (see, for example, the middle and upper curves in Figure 56 with the correction components raising the curve, shown schematically, from the pressure adjustments δ1 that vary correlated to the velocity curve; δ2 in the nips 776 and 777).

Preferably, as the operating speed V increases, the pressure adjustment δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 is reduced and/or the pressure adjustment δ2 in the nip point 777 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531 is increased. Conversely, as the operating speed V decreases, the pressure adjustment δ1 in the nip point 776 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 is increased and/or the pressure adjustment δ2 in the nip point 777 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531 is reduced. In this case, the increase or decrease preferably relates in each case to a desired target value for the pressure adjustment δ when the stationary production speed V _P (ie V=V _P ) is reached. So lies z. B. the starting value for the Druckbeistellung δ1 between color engraving and color relief cylinder 512; 519 at low speeds above the pressure adjustment δ1 desired for the stationary production operation, that for the pressure adjustment δ2 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531 at low speeds below the pressure adjustment δ2 desired for the stationary production operation.

In a controller included in or connected to the machine controller 718 782, a corresponding functional or tabular relationship is preferably stored or implemented, which gives a current operating speed V a default value for a pressure adjustment δ1 between the color engraving cylinder and the color relief cylinder 512; 519 and/or the pressure adjustment δ2 between the color relief cylinder 519 and the transfer cylinder 531. This the respective Druckbeistellung δ1; δ2 can be a position value to be assumed by a sensor system supplying a cylinder position, a control value of an actuator that can be controlled, for example, in the travel, or any other variable that clearly characterizes the relevant pressure adjustment δ1. To implement the z. B. about the size in question assigned Druckbeistellung δ1; δ2 corresponding control means and actuators are provided. In the event that the color engraving cylinder 512 is to be set for this purpose, this can be the above-mentioned drive means 687 which causes the color engraving cylinder 512 to be switched on/off or additional drive means serving for fine adjustment, together with control means controlling this. In the preferred case in which the color relief cylinder 519 is to be set - in particular only - this can be, for example, the color relief cylinder 519 on/off, in particular electromotive drive means 783, which are connected to its setting mechanism, e.g. B. on the color relief cylinder 519 overlying eccentric bushings. Alternatively, these can be drive means acting on a stop means, with the stop means defining the setting position, pressure on, and for varying the pressure setting δ1; δ2 are provided by the drive means.

In an advantageous combination of both procedures, for example as a result of a visual inspection or as a result of a deviation in the coloring of z. B. a reference image, both a quick correction via an above-mentioned variation of Druckbeistellung δ1; δ2 take place as well as a change in the temperature setpoint T _S are made. With a changing temperature and the associated change in the color transfer, the correction can then be made by varying the pressure setting δ1; δ2 - e.g. B. gradually - be withdrawn again. Basically independent of the special position and/or special design of the inking device 511, its embodiments and variants and/or the statements, embodiments and variants presented above for the type of arrangement of the depressions 513 or engravings 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512, of the mounting means supporting a sleeve 637 and/or the described drive concept or the drive configuration and/or the above-mentioned checking and/or adjusting and/or correcting the relative position and/or the above-mentioned measure or combination of measures for controlling the ink transfer, but advantageously in connection a procedure and means for the data-processing-supported and/or based transformation of imaging depressions 514 present or to be provided on the forme cylinder 503 into specifications for to be provided on the color gravure cylinder 512 correspond to one of the above-mentioned statements, embodiments and variants ending indentations 513 are provided and/or a procedure and means for data-processing-supported and/or based variation of the inking are provided by indentations 514 to be provided or already present on the forme cylinder 503 and preferably implemented as set out below.

After creating a physical and/or data-based pattern of the imaging engravings 514 on the forme cylinder 503 or on the printing forme 504 to be arranged on it, the pattern of the imaging depressions 514 - and in particular for multicolored image motifs taking into account the color separations involved - becomes a specification for the arrangement and/or expression of the corresponding depressions 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512. For this purpose, data processing means 784 are provided, through which digitally available and/or supplied or supplied data D(514) for describing a pattern of engravings 514, e.g. B. to their position, shape and / or depth z (514), in digital data D (513) to describe the color gravure cylinder 512 to be provided corresponding engravings 514 are transformed. This transformed data D(513) is used to generate the depressions 513 for the color gravure cylinder 512, e.g. B. as set out above firmly on the lateral surface 631 of the cylinder body 628 or on an outermost layer 633 of a detachable ink transfer form 637, as a specification for its shape and / or depth z (513).

The transformation is at least a first transformation rule M, z. B. a so-called mapping curve M; M _i , which assigns a depth z (513) to be generated to an engraving 513 on the color engraving cylinder 512 to a value for a depth z (514) of an engraving 514 on the forme cylinder 503 . In principle, such a transformation rule M; M _i , in different ways, e.g. B. as a table or preferably as a functional context (see e.g. Figure 58 ), are present and stored or implemented in the data processing means 784. For a range of depths z (514) of the depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503 of z. B. 10 microns to 100 microns is a factor for a respective scaling of the depth z. B. between 1.2 and 1.8, preferably between 1.4 and 1.6. In this case, the same scaling factor can be present in the entire range, with the resulting mapping curve M=M ₁ then representing a straight line. However, for at least one application—for example, to correct and/or influence a color impression—a mapping curve M ₁ ; different from a straight line; _M2 ; M ₃ can be provided with a falling slope (M ₁ ), with a rising slope (M ₂ ; M ₁₃ ) or even a turning point.

In an advantageous development, several such mapping curves M; M _i can be provided or implemented or stored, for example after the completion of the imaging pattern of depressions 514 on the forme cylinder 503, there are still options for influencing the inking by selecting one of several different mapping curves M _i for the production of the depressions 513 on the color gravure cylinder 513 to get. Alternatively, the stored or implemented mapping curves M _i can also be parameterized, for example to to be able to select or generate the optimal curve form from the multitude of possibilities. If there is a need to change the coloring in the course of production or proofing, replacing the pattern of indentations 513 on the color gravure cylinder 512 with a pattern of indentations 513 produced according to a different mapping curve M _i can possibly influence the print result , e.g. B. be improved.

The aforementioned data processing means 684 and, if necessary, a means for engraving 786 of color transfer forms 686, e.g. B. an engraving device 786 are z. B. located in the area of a mold production, which can be spatially assigned to the printer or a prepress area of the printing press or provided elsewhere.

Reference List

100

substrate feeder, sheet feeder

200

Conveyor line, first

201

arch system

202

funding

203

false drum

300

Conveyor line, second

301

transport device

400

Product pick-up, delivery, stack delivery

401

stack space

500

Printing unit, gravure printing unit, intaglio printing unit, intaglio printing unit, multicolor printing unit

501

Printing unit cylinder, impression cylinder

502

pressure point

503

Printing unit cylinder, form cylinder, intaglio printing cylinder

504

Printing form, gravure form, printing plate

505

-

506

Removal device, wiping device

507

wiper cylinder

508

inking

509

printing part

510

-

511

inking device

512

Inking unit cylinder, color engraving cylinder, selective cylinder

513

deepening, engraving (512)

513.1

Deepening, control deepening, test deepening (512)

513.2

Deepening, control deepening, test deepening (512)

513.3

Well, Control Well, Reference Well (512)

513.4

Well, Control Well, Reference Well (512)

513.6

deepening (512)

513.7

deepening (512)

513.8

deepening (512)

513.9

deepening (512)

514

deepening, engraving (504)

514.1

deepening, control deepening, test deepening (504)

514.2

deepening, control deepening, test deepening (504)

514.3

Well, Control Well, Reference Well (504)

514.4

Well, Control Well, Reference Well (504)

514.6

deepening

514.7

deepening

514.8

deepening

514.9

deepening

515

Support point, support bridge

516

color master space

517

ink

518

Lateral surface (512)

519

Inking unit cylinder, color relief cylinder, stencil cylinder

520

-

521

lateral surface (519)

522

elevation, area, raised (519)

522.1

areas, raised, corresponding (519)

522.2

areas, raised, corresponding (519)

522.3

areas, raised, corresponding (519)

522.4

areas, raised, corresponding (519)

522.6

area, test area, control area, raised (519)

522.7

area, test area, control area, raised (519)

522.8

area, reference area, control area, raised (519)

522.9

area, reference area, control area, raised (519)

523

Area engraved (504)

524

Elevation, Jetty (519)

524.1

Surveys, corresponding (519)

524.2

Surveys, corresponding (519)

524.3

Surveys, corresponding (519)

524.4

Surveys, corresponding (519)

524.6

survey, control area, auditor survey (519)

524.7

survey, control area, auditor survey (519)

524.8

Survey, control area, reference survey (519)

524.9

Survey, control area, reference survey (519)

524'

elevation, jetty, merged (519)

525

Structure, line structure, honeycomb structure, wave structure

526

means of restraint

527

transmission

528

transmission

529

color unit, color train, selective (763; 764)

530

-

531

Inking unit cylinder, transfer cylinder, ink collection cylinder

532

Color unit, color train, conventional

533

frame, part frame

534

double arrow

535

Element, resilient, compression spring

536

Drive means, actuator, fluid-actuated, working cylinder, pneumatic cylinder

537

Side part, frame part, side plate

538

frame, part frame

539

Retaining means, side part

540

-

541

axis

542

double arrow

543

Drive means, electric motor

544

Device for axial equalization, paint distribution device, paint stirring device

545

pressure fluid line

546

Paint distributor, distributor finger, paint stirrer

547

Crossbeam, truss

548

Sleds

549

Guide, linear guide

550

-

551

actuator

552

Axial drive, oscillating drive

553

End Effective Mixing Head (546)

554

Retaining means holder, squeegee holder

555

housing, bearing housing

556

recording bar

557

terminal strip, cover strip

558

Side part, frame part, side plate

559

Cylinder Journals, Ends, Journals (512)

560

-

561

paint collection device

562

catchment container, drip tray

563

Guide device, baffle

564

Barrier, drop barrier, ledge

565

Pressure medium space, cylinder

566

edge, squeegee edge

567

side panel, side plate

568

side, seal side (567)

569

holding device

570

-

571

Color template unit, color box

572

removal device

573

Linear guide, dovetail guide

574

swingarm

575

carriage, carriage

576

Guide, parallelogram guide, linear guide

576.1

guide element

576.2

guide element

577

Connection, ball joint head

578

side panel, slide

579

guide

580

-

581

Drive means, electric motor, piston-cylinder system (pneumatic) (544)

582

Transmission, traction mechanism (544)

583

Drive element, eccentric disc, coupling (eccentric)

584

recess

585

guide

586

Means of transmission, attachment, strap, coupling, linkage

587

Gears, corner gears

588

double arrow

589

crossbeam, traverse

590

-

591

Traction means, toothed belt

592

drive wheel, belt wheel

593

stirring elements

594

sensor device

595

shaft, axis

596

Section (546)

597

Sensor, strain gauge

598

rejuvenation

599

filler piece

600

-

601

Adjusting and/or conveying device, pump

602

paint reservoir, paint tank

603

line section

604

Temperature control device, heating device

605

crossbar, traverse

606

Removal means, cleaning tape, paper web

606'

Detachment means, squeegee

607

Deflection element, guide wedge

608

stock, roll

609

recording, role

610

-

611

Deflection element, deflection pulley

612

Deflection element, deflection pulley

613

frame (572)

614

Holding and/or locking device

615

Entry point, coupling piece, valve coupling (tempering fluid)

616

Drive means, drive motor, servo motor, angular position controlled or controllable, torque motor, hollow shaft motor

617

Sensor, proximity switch

618

Emergency stop switch element, emergency stop switch

619

color outlet

620

-

621

frame construction

622

line section

623

means of restraint, more

624

Guide device, baffle

625

actuator

626

adjusting mechanism

627

chamber doctor blade

628

Cylinder bodies, solid cylinders, hollow cylinders, basic cylinder bodies

629

cylinder wall

630

-

631

Cylinder lateral surface, lateral surface (628)

632

surface, lateral surface (633)

633

Layer, active or top layer, coating

634

layer structure

635

lateral surface (638)

636

Intermediate layer, substrate, adhesive substrate, layer

637

Color transfer form, color transfer form sleeve, sleeve

638

backing layer

639

cylinder barrel

640

-

641

exhaust port, blow port

642

axial section

643

gutter

644

exhaust port, blow port

645

Drive means, piston-cylinder system 645

646

supply line

647

supply line

648

Entry point, coupling piece, valve coupling

649

slings, paragraph

650

-

651

Tempering medium inflow, line section

652

Tempering medium return line section

653

flow channel

654

flow channel

655

Lifting gear, adjustable

656

Wall

657

body, displacement body

658

Pipe, pipeline, bore

659

distribution room

660

-

661

collection room

662

end cap

663

end cap

664

Body, rotationally symmetrical, sleeve, tubular sleeve

665

-

666

Body, rotationally symmetrical, sleeve, tubular sleeve

667

room, pressure chamber

668

room, pressure chamber

669

separator

670

-

671

Storage means, storage cap

672

radial bearing

673

rolling elements

674

connection, joint connection

675

-

676

end section (578)

677

wave section

678

Connection, press fit, tapered fit

679

bearing housing

680

-

681

Connection, screw connection

682

screw

683

thrust bearing

684

cross member

685

-

686

actuator

687

Drive means, electric motor, piston-cylinder system, pneumatic cylinder

688

transmission

689

slings

690

-

691

radial bearing

692

Interface, rotary union

693

radial bearing

694

wall opening

695

-

696

Drive, adjustment drive

697

-

698

Drive means, drive motor, servo motor, torque motor

699

Drive motor, servo motor, torque motor

700

-

701

gear

702

gear

703

Drive motor, auxiliary motor, set-up motor

704

Drive motor, servo motor, torque motor

705

-

706

gear

707

gear

708

drive pinion

709

Drive motor, servo motor, torque motor

710

-

711

Control and/or regulating device, drive controller

712

Control and/or regulating device, drive controller

713

Control and/or regulating device, drive controller

714

Control and/or regulating device, drive controller

715

-

716

Control and/or regulating device, drive controller

717

control, drive control

718

machine control

719

machine control station

720

-

721

Sensor technology, angle of rotation position encoder, rotary encoder

722

Sensor technology, angle of rotation position encoder, rotary encoder

723

Sensor technology, angle of rotation position encoder, rotary encoder

724

coupling

725

-

726

shaft, drive shaft

727

Coupling, metal bellows coupling

728

Eccentric ring, eccentric bush

729

radial bearing

730

-

731

radial bearing

732

Rifle

733

Eccentric ring, eccentric bush

734

axial drive

735

-

736

Drive means, drive motor

737

screw drive

738

Rifle

739

radial bearing

740

-

741

torque arm

742

Eccentric ring, eccentric bush

743

radial bearing

744

torque arm

745

-

746

cylinder pin

747

Wave

748

Interface, rotary union

749

Drive means, axial drive

750

-

751

Channel (519)

752

edge area

753

sensors, camera

754

display device

755

-

756

Control means, data processing device

757

operator interface

758

signal connection

759

signal connection

760

-

761

Image element, inspection element, register mark, registration mark, color register mark (512, concerning axial direction)

761'

Image element, inspection element, register mark, registration mark, color register mark (512, concerning axial direction)

762

Picture element, test element, register mark, fiducial mark, color register mark (512, pertaining to the circumferential direction)

762`

Picture element, test element, register mark, fiducial mark, color register mark (512, pertaining to the circumferential direction)

763

Picture element, reference element (512, concerning axial direction)

764

Image element, reference element (512, pertaining to circumferential direction)

765

-

766

Image element, inspection element, register mark, register mark, color register mark (519, concerning axial direction)

766`

Image element, inspection element, register mark, register mark, color register mark (519, concerning axial direction)

767

Picture element, test element, register mark, fiducial mark, color register mark (519, pertaining to the circumferential direction)

767`

Picture element, test element, register mark, fiducial mark, color register mark (519, pertaining to the circumferential direction)

768

Picture element, reference element (519, concerning axial direction)

769

Image element, reference element (519, pertaining to circumferential direction)

770

-

771

Interface, rotary union

772

Interface, rotary union

773

Interface, fluid coupling

774

Sensors, densitometer, camera

775

-

776

nip point

777

nip point

778

nip point

779

Aggregate, heating-cooling aggregate

780

-

781

-

782

steering

783

Drive means, electric motor

784

data processing means

785

-

786

Means for engraving color transfer forms; engraving device,

a1

center distance

a2

center distance

a3

center distance

b514

width, line width

b513

width, line width

b524

Broad

d633

thickness, layer thickness (633)

d636

layer thickness

d368

layer thickness

g1

parameter

g2

parameter

g3

parameter

l512

length

l639

length

w538

width, light

D628

cylinder body diameter

D(513)

Data

D(514)

Data

f

Power

G1

gear factor

G2

gear factor

G3

gear factor

M

Transformation rule, mapping curve

wed

Mapping curve (with i = 1, 2, 3, ...)

no

To use

R512

axis of rotation

Ra(512)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra'(512)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra"(512)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra‴(512)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra*(512)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ru(512)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ru'(512)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ru"(512)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ru‴(512)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

R,*(512)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ra(519)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra'(519)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ra*(519)

Test field, regarding axial direction

Ru(519)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ru'(519)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

Ru*(519)

Test field, regarding the circumferential direction

T0

base temperature

T1

working temperature

T2

working temperature

V1

regulation

v2

regulation

vs

target speed

VP

production speed

e.g

depth

TR

transfer rate

I(a)

intensity curve

I(u)

intensity curve

t

Time

D

operating direction of rotation

S

Substrate, substrate sheet, printing material sheet, security sheet, substrate section

S'

substrate, substrate sheet, simply printed, substrate section; railway section

T

transport direction

V

operating speed

Φi

actual angular position

Φi (503)

actual angular position

Φi (512)

actual angular position

Φi (519)

actual angular position

Φi (531)

actual angular position

ΦL

Angular position, leading axis

ΦM

Angular position, master

ΦM (L)

Angular position, master

ΦM (503)

Angular position, master

ΦM (512)

Angular position, master

ΦM (519)

Angular position, master

ΦM (531)

Angular position, master

ΦS

target angular position

ΦM (503)

target angular position

ΦM (512)

target angular position

ΦM (519)

target angular position

ΦM (531)

target angular position

ΔΦ

correction angle

ΔΦ (512)

correction angle

ΔΦ (519)

correction angle

ΔΦ (531)

correction angle

δ

print provision

δ1

print provision

δ2

print provision

δ3

print provision

δ0(776)

print provision

δ0(777)

print provision

{p}

parameter

Claims (15)

1. Intaglio printing unit (500) for printing onto a substrate (S) according to an intaglio printing method, said intaglio printing unit having a forme cylinder (503), which comprises on its circumference an image-forming pattern of recesses (514), and having an inking unit (508) for inking the pattern of recesses (514) provided on the forme cylinder (503), said inking unit comprising a first inking unit cylinder (512), which comprises recesses (513) in the region of its outer cylindrical surface (518) that correspond to recesses (514) on the forme cylinder (503), and which forms a nip point downstream with a second inking unit cylinder (519), which comprises on its circumference ink-transferring elevations (524; 524') or raised areas (522), characterized in that the recesses (513) on the first inking unit cylinder (512) are provided on the outer circumference of a in the form of a circumferentially closed ink transfer forme sheath (637), and in that the first inking unit cylinder (512) is configured as temperature-controllable.
2. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first inking unit cylinder (512) comprises a cylinder body (628), which is or can be mounted rotatably in the inking unit (508) and on which a circumferentially closed ink transfer forme sheath (637) that carries the recesses (513) of the first inking unit cylinder (512) on its outwardly facing surface (632) is or can be detachably arranged.
3. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the ink transfer forme sheath (637) comprises a layer (633) that has the recesses (513) on its outwardly facing surface (632) and a substrate layer (638) that directly or indirectly supports said layer (633), and/or in that the layer (633) having the recesses (513) is formed by a ceramic layer (633).
4. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the material that forms the layer (633) has a Vickers hardness VH of at least 800 HV 10 and/or a maximum porosity of 5%, and/or an elasticity according to Young of between 30 and 70 GPa, and/or a Poisson number of 0.20 to 0.30 Poisson, and/or a fracture toughness of 4.0 to 5.0 MPa*m^1/2, and/or a tear resistance of at least 40 MPa, and/or in that the layer (633) has a maximum thickness of 350 µm.
5. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the substrate layer (638) is made of a carbon fiber material and/or the material of which the substrate layer (638) is made has a modulus of elasticity in the circumferential direction of less than 65 GPa and/or a layer thickness (d638) of less than 5 mm.
6. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the ink transfer forme sheath (637) comprises, between the layer (633) that has the recesses (513) and the substrate layer (638), a metallic intermediate layer (636), which is made of aluminum and/or has a layer thickness (d636) of 0.10 to 0.35 mm.
7. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the cylinder body (628) comprises, in the region of its outer cylindrical surface (631), one or more outlet openings (641) or groups of outlet openings (641), to which a pressurized compressed fluid can be applied from the inside via a system of lines, at least within a time period during the removal or mounting of an ink transfer forme sheath (637) .
8. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the first inking unit cylinder (512) is configured such that temperature control fluid can flow through it and/or said first inking unit cylinder can be removed operationally from the inking unit (508) for maintenance and/or makeready purposes.
9. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the first inking unit cylinder (512) can be inked in the region of an application point lying on its circumference by an inking device (511).
10. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the inking device (511) comprises, on at least the downstream side of the application point in the operating direction of rotation (D) of the inking unit cylinder (512) that comprises the recesses (513), a retaining means (526), advantageously in the form of a doctor blade or ink blade, by means of which printing ink (517) applied previously to the outer cylindrical surface (518) of the first inking unit cylinder (512) can be removed downstream of the ink application point and upstream of the first nip point with the second inking unit cylinder (519), as viewed in the operating direction of rotation (D).
11. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the inking device (511) is configured without zones, and/or in that the retaining means (526) or an inking unit (571) that supports said retaining means and is mounted axially movably in the inking device (511) can be moved and/or oscillated axially during operation in terms of its axial position relative to the inking unit cylinder (512) comprising the recesses (513), by a drive means (543), and/or in that recesses (513) on the second inking unit cylinder (512) that correspond to recesses (514) on the forme cylinder (503) comprise a supporting ridge (515), which interrupts the recess (513) on the second inking unit cylinder (512) that corresponds to the continuous recess (514) on the forme cylinder (503), and the upper surface of which lies at the level of the uninterrupted, i.e. non-engraved outer cylindrical surface (518) of the second inking unit cylinder (512).
12. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that in a line system for supplying the inking device (511) with printing ink (517) a temperature control device (604) is provided, by means of which the temperature of the printing ink (517) to be supplied can be controlled.
13. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that a third inking unit cylinder (531) is provided, which cooperates with the second inking unit cylinder (519) via a second nip point and which forms a further nip point with the forme cylinder (503) for the purpose of inking the same.
14. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the printing unit (500) comprises multiple inking trains (529), each having an inking device (511), a first inking unit cylinder (512) with recesses (513) and a second inking unit cylinder (519), wherein the second inking unit cylinders (519) cooperate with the forme cylinder (503), indirectly via the same third inking unit cylinder (531) or directly, for the purpose of inking the forme cylinder.
15. Intaglio printing unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the first inking unit cylinder (512) is mounted for axial movement in a frame (538) of the intaglio printing unit (500) and can be moved axially by means of an axial drive (734) having a drive means (736), and/or in that during production operation, the first inking unit cylinder (512) is and/or can be driven alone or together with the second inking unit cylinder (519) by a closed-loop angular position controllable drive (616, 711) that is mechanically independent of the drive means that rotate the forme cylinder (503) during production operation, and/or in that the inking unit cylinder (512) and the inking device (511) for inking the same are connected to one another mechanically via side parts (539; 578) of a subframe, which is mounted movably in the frame (538; 533), in such a way that, with a radial repositioning of the inking unit cylinder (512), the inking device (511) is forced to move along in such a way that a radial relative position between inking unit cylinder (512) and inking device (511) is maintained.

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