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EP3889986B1 - Disjoncteur de protection compact électromécanique - Google Patents

Disjoncteur de protection compact électromécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3889986B1
EP3889986B1 EP21161314.6A EP21161314A EP3889986B1 EP 3889986 B1 EP3889986 B1 EP 3889986B1 EP 21161314 A EP21161314 A EP 21161314A EP 3889986 B1 EP3889986 B1 EP 3889986B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current path
switching device
arc
magnetic
protective switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21161314.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3889986A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Leitl
Thomas Ritzer
Tobias Sturm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3889986A1 publication Critical patent/EP3889986A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3889986B1 publication Critical patent/EP3889986B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/26—Electromagnetic mechanisms with windings acting in opposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0207—Mounting or assembling the different parts of the circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2481—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the coil design

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromechanical compact protective switching device with a housing width of only one pitch unit, in which a first magnetic coil for actuating a first switching contact and a second magnetic coil for actuating a second switching contact are arranged, with the two switching contacts being arranged between the two magnetic coils.
  • Electromechanical protective switching devices for example circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers and arcing or fire protection switches - are used to monitor and protect an electrical circuit and are used in particular as switching and safety elements in electrical energy supply and distribution networks.
  • the protective switching device is electrically conductively connected to an electrical line of the circuit to be monitored via two or more connection terminals in order to interrupt the electrical current in the respective monitored line if necessary.
  • the protective switching device has at least one switching contact which can be opened when a predefined state occurs—for example when a short circuit or a fault current is detected—in order to separate the monitored circuit from the electrical mains.
  • Such protective switching devices are also known as modular installation devices in the field of low-voltage technology.
  • Circuit breakers are specially designed for high currents.
  • a circuit breaker which is also known as a “miniature circuit breaker” (MCB)
  • MBC miniature circuit breaker
  • Circuit breakers and miniature circuit breakers guarantee safe shutdown in the event of a short circuit and protect consumers and systems from overload. In this way, for example, electrical lines are protected from damage due to excessive heating as a result of an excessively high electric current.
  • a single-pole circuit breaker To interrupt a single phase line, a single-pole circuit breaker is usually used, which usually has a width of one pitch unit (corresponds to approx. 18mm).
  • three-pole miniature circuit breakers are used, which accordingly have a width of three modular widths (corresponds to approx. 54mm).
  • a pole i.e. a switching point, is assigned to each of the three phase conductors. If the neutral conductor is to be interrupted in addition to the three phase conductors, this is referred to as a four-pole device, which has four switching points: three for the three phase conductors and one for the shared neutral conductor. Accordingly, for single-phase applications there are so-called "1+N" devices which have two switching points, a first for interrupting the phase conductor and a further one for interrupting the neutral conductor associated with the phase line.
  • the electromechanical compact protective switching device has an insulating material housing with a width of only one module.
  • the insulating material housing has a front side, a fastening side opposite the front side, and first and second narrow and broad sides connecting the front side and the fastening side.
  • the protective switching device has a first magnetic coil for actuating a first switching contact and a second magnetic coil for actuating a second switching contact of the protective switching device.
  • the first magnetic coil is arranged in the area of the first narrow side and the second magnetic coil in the area of the second narrow side, with the two switching contacts being arranged between the two magnetic coils, with the two magnetic coils being wound in opposite directions.
  • counterclockwise is to be understood as meaning that one of the two magnetic coils is wound to the right, ie clockwise, while the other of the two magnetic coils is wound to the left, ie counterclockwise.
  • first magnet coil is wound in the right direction
  • second magnet coil is wound in the left direction
  • first magnet coil is wound in the left direction
  • second magnet coil is wound in the right direction.
  • each of the two tripping systems has a plunger which is movably mounted relative to the respective magnetic coil and which acts directly and/or indirectly on the respective switching contact when a short-circuit current occurs, in order to open it and thus interrupt the relevant circuit. Since the two switching contacts are arranged between the two magnetic coils, the two tappets move in opposite directions to the direction of the two centrally arranged switching contacts.
  • the electromagnetic fields that occur when a short-circuit is triggered also have an effect on the electrically conductive arcs: the aim here is to drive both arcs as quickly as possible and - if possible - simultaneously into the respective arcing chamber and extinguish them there. Due to the different, opposite winding direction of the two magnetic coils - one is wound clockwise, the other anti-clockwise - a significantly more favorable magnetic field can be achieved, i.e. the resulting force of the entire magnetic field caused by the two magnetic coils on the respective arc acts at differently (clockwise and counterclockwise) wound magnetic coils significantly stronger in the direction of the arcing chamber assigned to the respective arc. In this way, a positive effect on the running and erasing behavior can be achieved; the thermal load on the assemblies and components involved and the energy transmission value can be significantly reduced as a result.
  • a first arc quenching chamber for extinguishing a first arc occurring when the first switching contact opens and a second arc quenching chamber for extinguishing a second arc occurring when the first switching contact opens are also accommodated and held in the insulating housing.
  • the two arc quenching chambers each have a plurality of quenching plates, which are kept spaced apart from one another in a stacking direction. If an arc is driven into the quenching chamber, it is divided into several partial arcs by the quenching plates. On the one hand, this causes a higher arc voltage and, on the other hand, the arc is cooled by the metallic splitters. Both effects lead to faster extinguishing of the arc; the energy input and thus the thermal load on the surrounding assemblies and components can be significantly reduced as a result.
  • the insulating housing is divided into two current path areas, each adjoining one of the broad sides, in a plan view of the fastening side, the first current path area having a first current path in which the first switching contact and the first magnetic coil are arranged, and wherein the second current path region has a second current path in which the second switching contact and the second magnetic coil are arranged.
  • One of the two magnetic coils is assigned to each of the two current paths, in which one of the two switching contacts is arranged, in order to interrupt the relevant current path by opening the switching contact assigned to it in the event of a short circuit occurring in the respective current path.
  • two independent current paths can be protected in a compact protective switching device with a width of just one pitch unit.
  • the first current path can be contacted with a first phase conductor and the second current path can be contacted with a second phase conductor.
  • each of the two current paths is electrically connected to a phase conductor, two independent phase lines can be protected using the compact circuit breaker. Instead of using two miniature circuit breakers, each one width, this protection can now be implemented using a two-pole protective switching device that is only one width. This is particularly the case when space is limited, for example in an electrical installation distributor, is a decisive advantage.
  • the compact protective switching device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in plan and elevation.
  • the protective switching device 1 has an insulating housing 2, which in turn has a front side 3, a front side 3 opposite mounting side 4, and the front side 3 and the mounting side 4 connecting first and second narrow sides 5-1 and 5-2 and first and second broad sides 6-1 and 6-2.
  • the protective switching device 1 can be fastened to a mounting rail or top-hat rail (not shown) with the aid of a slide 7 which is movably mounted in a first direction R 1 in the region of the fastening side 4 on the insulating material housing 2 .
  • An actuating element 9 is arranged in the area of the front side 3, with the aid of which the protective switching device 1 can be actuated manually.
  • the insulating material housing 2 is designed to be narrow and has a width B of only one pitch unit (1 TE) in a second direction R 2 oriented orthogonally to the first direction R 1 , which corresponds to approximately 18 mm.
  • an imaginary dividing line 8 (shown in dashed lines) which divides the insulating material housing 2 into two approximately equally sized sections—the first current path area 10 and the second current path area 20 .
  • the dividing line 8 is shown oriented exactly in the middle and parallel to the broad sides 6-1 and 6-2. However, this is only the schematic representation of the figure 1 owed and not mandatory.
  • Sections of the separating line can also be designed as a partition between the first current path area 10 and the second current path area 20, for example in order to electrically insulate the two areas from one another.
  • Both the first current path area 10 and the second current path area 20 are provided for the connection of an external electrical phase conductor P1 or P2, respectively.
  • both current path areas 10, 20 each have two connection terminals 30, one of which is in the area of the first Narrow side 5-1 and the other is arranged in the region of the second narrow side 5-2 of the insulating material housing 2.
  • the external phase conductors P1 and P2 are passed through openings formed in the narrow sides 5-1 and 5-2 and electrically conductively connected to the connection terminals 30 located behind them.
  • the two connection terminals 30 of the first current path area 10 are electrically conductively connected to one another via a first current path 11, which runs from the first narrow side 5-1 to the opposite second narrow side 5-2.
  • a first switching contact 12 is arranged in the first current path region 10, which can be opened by means of a first magnetic release 13 in the event of an electrical short circuit.
  • the first magnetic trigger 13 has a first magnetic coil 13-1, with the aid of which a first plunger 13-2 can be actuated. When a short-circuit current flowing through the first magnetic coil 13-1 occurs, the first plunger 13-2 is moved by the magnetic coil 13-1 in the direction of the first switching contact 12, as a result of which the latter is opened.
  • the two connection terminals 30 of the second current path area 20 are electrically conductively connected to one another inside the insulating housing 2 via a second current path 21, which runs from the first narrow side 5-1 to the opposite second narrow side 5-2.
  • a second switching contact 22 is arranged in the second current path region 20, which can be opened by means of a second magnetic release 23 in the event of an electrical short circuit.
  • the second magnetic trigger 23 has a second magnetic coil 23-1, with the aid of which a second plunger 23-2 can be actuated.
  • the second plunger 23-2 is activated by the second magnetic coil 23-1 in Direction of the second switching contact 22 moves, whereby it is opened.
  • the first magnetic coil 13-1 and the second magnetic coil 23-1 are not arranged side by side in the width direction.
  • the first magnet coil 13-1 is therefore accommodated and held in the insulating material housing 2 in the area of the first narrow side 5-1
  • the second magnet coil 23-1 is accommodated and held in the insulating material housing 2 in the area of the second narrow side 5-2.
  • the two switching contacts 12 and 22 are arranged essentially centrally between the first magnetic coil 13-1 and the second magnetic coil 23-1 in the insulating material housing 2, i.e. they are accommodated and held.
  • the two switching contacts 12 and 22 can also be activated manually by actuating the actuating element 9 arranged on the front side 3 by means of a switching mechanism (not shown), which creates a mechanical connection to the switch contacts.
  • These arc quenching chambers 14 and 24 are used to split an arc that occurs when the associated switching contact 12 or 22 opens into a plurality of partial arcs, to cool it and thus to extinguish it.
  • Protective switching devices usually also have at least one thermal trigger for triggering the protective switching device in the event of a thermal overload.
  • Thermal triggers also have a direct and/or indirect effect on the respectively assigned switching contact on to interrupt the current path assigned to it in the event of a thermal overload. However, since this is not essential to the invention, thermal triggers are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • FIGs 3 and 4 a magnetic short-circuit tripping system for a compact protective switching device with two magnet coils 13-1 and 23-1 wound in the same direction is shown schematically.
  • figure 3 shows a side view of the short-circuit tripping system, while in figure 4 a bottom view of the first arc quenching chamber 14 shown on the right is shown.
  • the high short-circuit current flows through one of the two or both magnetic coils 13-1 and/or 23-1, causing the respective plunger 13-2 and/or 23-2 is actuated and the associated switching contact 12 and/or 22 is opened.
  • Each of the two switching contacts 12, 22 has a fixed contact and a moving contact that is movable relative thereto.
  • the second switching contact 22 has a fixed contact 22-1, which is electrically connected via the second magnetic coil 23-1 to one of the connection terminals 30 (input terminal of the second current path) shown on the left is conductively connected, as well as a moving contact 22-2 which can be moved relative thereto and which is electrically conductively connected to one of the connecting terminals 30 shown on the right (output terminal of the second current path).
  • FIG 4 Such a force vector F 1 , caused by the magnetic field of the short-circuit tripping system and acting on an arc in front of the first arc quenching chamber 14 , is shown schematically. It is noticeable here that the force vector F 1 acting on the arc has not only a force component F 1R1 in the first direction R 1 , but also a further force component F 1R2 in the second direction R 2 .
  • the limited space in the compact protective switching device 1 with a width B of only one pitch unit TE means that in the event of a short-circuit disconnection, in which electrical currents of up to 10,000 amperes can flow, the magnetic coils 13-1 and 23-1 and the magnetic fields generated by the other current-carrying components mutually influence one another, which also has an effect on the forces acting on the arc or arcs due to Lorentz's rule.
  • the arrangement of the functional assemblies in the compact devices and the current position of the arc or arcs that have formed during the shutdown process there can be very different - also negative - influences on the running behavior of the arc or the arcs come.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 a similar magnetic short-circuit tripping system for a compact protective switching device 1 is shown schematically.
  • figure 5 shows one again Side view of the short-circuit tripping system with two magnetic coils 13-1 and 23-1 while in figure 6 the corresponding bottom view of the first arc quenching chamber 14 shown on the right is shown.
  • the short-circuit tripping system shown has two magnet coils 13-1 and 23-1 wound in opposite directions: while the second magnet coil 23-1 shown on the left is still wound in the right direction, the first magnet coil 13-1 shown on the right now has a left-hand winding direction.
  • the effect of this design change can be seen in figure 6 : there again a force vector F 2 is shown acting on an arc standing in front of the first arc quenching chamber 14 and caused by the magnetic field of the short-circuit tripping system.
  • This likewise has a force component F 2R1 in the first direction R 1 and also a further force component F 2R2 in the second direction R 2 .
  • the response and tripping behavior of the individually considered magnetic releases 13 and 23 with right-hand or left-hand wound magnet coils 13-1 or 23-1 is identical, but the resulting overall magnetic field of the compact protective switching device 1 in relation to the running and Extinguishing behavior of the two arcs is a significantly more favorable behavior: the resulting force of the entire magnetic field of the compact protective switching device 1 acts on the arc with different, ie oppositely wound magnet coils 13-1 and 23-1 in the desired direction R 1 than with magnet coils wound in the same direction would be the case.
  • the second magnet coil 23-1 shown on the left is wound in the right direction, ie clockwise, while the first magnet coil 13-1 shown on the right is wound in the left direction, ie counterclockwise.
  • the two magnetic coils 13-1 and 23-1 are wound in opposite directions, the positive effect of the overall magnetic field resulting from this arrangement and the resulting force vector driving the arc is retained.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Disjoncteur de protection compact électromécanique (1),
    - avec un boîtier en matériau isolant (2) avec une largeur (B) de seulement une unité modulaire (TE), comprenant une face avant (3), une face de fixation (4) opposée à la face avant (3), ainsi que des premières et deuxièmes faces étroites et larges (5-1, 5-2, 6-1, 6-2) reliant la face avant et la face de fixation (3, 4),
    - avec une première bobine magnétique (13-1) pour l'actionnement d'un premier contact de commutation (12) ainsi qu'une deuxième bobine magnétique (23-1) pour l'actionnement d'un deuxième contact de commutation (22),
    - dans lequel la première bobine magnétique (13-1) est disposée dans la zone de la première face étroite (5-1) et la deuxième bobine magnétique (23-1) est disposée dans la zone de la deuxième face étroite (5-2),
    - dans lequel les deux contacts de commutation (12, 22) sont disposés entre les deux bobines magnétiques (13-1, 23-1),
    caractérisé en ce que les deux bobines magnétiques (13-1, 23-1) sont enroulées en sens inverse.
  2. Disjoncteur de protection (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans le boîtier en matériau isolant (2), sont en outre accueillies et maintenues une première chambre d'extinction d'arc électrique (14) pour l'extinction d'un premier arc électrique apparaissant lors de l'ouverture du premier contact de commutation (12), ainsi qu'une deuxième chambre d'extinction d'arc électrique (24) pour l'extinction d'un deuxième arc électrique apparaissant lors de l'ouverture du premier contact de commutation (22).
  3. Disjoncteur de protection (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier en matériau isolant (2) est subdivisé selon une vue de dessus sur la face de fixation (4) en deux zones de trajet de courant (10, 20) respectivement contiguës à l'une des faces larges (6-1, 6-2),
    - dans lequel la première zone de trajet de courant (10) comprend un premier trajet de courant (11), dans lequel sont disposés le premier contact de commutation (12) ainsi que la première bobine magnétique (13-1),
    - dans lequel la deuxième zone de trajet de courant (20) comprend un deuxième trajet de courant (21), dans lequel sont disposés le deuxième contact de commutation (22) ainsi que la deuxième bobine magnétique (23-1).
  4. Disjoncteur de protection (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier trajet de courant (11) peut être mis en contact avec un premier conducteur de phase (P1) et le deuxième trajet de courant (21) peut être mis en contact avec un deuxième conducteur de phase (P2).
EP21161314.6A 2020-03-30 2021-03-08 Disjoncteur de protection compact électromécanique Active EP3889986B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020204073.7A DE102020204073A1 (de) 2020-03-30 2020-03-30 Elektromechanisches Kompakt-Schutzschaltgerät

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3889986A1 EP3889986A1 (fr) 2021-10-06
EP3889986B1 true EP3889986B1 (fr) 2022-08-24

Family

ID=74859822

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21161314.6A Active EP3889986B1 (fr) 2020-03-30 2021-03-08 Disjoncteur de protection compact électromécanique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3889986B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113471032B (fr)
DE (1) DE102020204073A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB353228A (en) * 1929-07-15 1931-07-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to methods of and means for limiting short-circuit currents
ES2292393T3 (es) 2000-09-21 2008-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cortacircuito automatico en forma constructiva pequeña con disposicion de bornes universal.
EP1473750A1 (fr) 2003-04-30 2004-11-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil interrupteur électromagnétique
DE102004034859A1 (de) * 2004-07-19 2006-02-16 Siemens Ag Schutzschaltgerät in Schmalbauweise
CN2755769Y (zh) * 2004-12-25 2006-02-01 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局电力管理总公司 真空灭弧直流接触器
KR100823528B1 (ko) * 2006-03-14 2008-04-24 상도전기통신 주식회사 과부하 및 단락보호 겸용 소형 누전 차단기
DE102009035299B4 (de) * 2009-07-30 2013-02-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kontaktsystem und Schaltgerät
CN209447757U (zh) * 2019-04-22 2019-09-27 寺崎科技有限公司 一种塑壳直流断路器的磁吹灭弧系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113471032A (zh) 2021-10-01
DE102020204073A1 (de) 2021-09-30
EP3889986A1 (fr) 2021-10-06
CN113471032B (zh) 2024-08-30

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