EP3868954B1 - Concrete paving block and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a concrete paving stone according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for producing a concrete paving stone according to the preamble of patent claims 12 and 15.

Concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, steps, wall and boundary stones made of concrete are well known from the prior art. Such concrete blocks are often used in road, traffic route and landscaping construction for the production of surface coverings, walls, stairs or other structures firmly installed in the ground.

To create surface coverings, in addition to well-known concrete or asphalt surfaces, such concrete blocks or concrete slabs are often used in urban areas, for example to design squares and streets. Such surface coverings are particularly suitable not only for pedestrians to walk on, but also for vehicles to drive on. Therefore, surface coverings made from the concrete blocks or concrete slabs mentioned are often subject to strong dynamic loads due to the acceleration and braking of cars, trucks or other heavy-duty vehicles. This can lead to damage to the traffic area created with the concrete blocks.

The dynamic forces mentioned cause the structure of the surface coverings, which are usually laid in a composite, and thus individual concrete blocks or concrete slabs to loosen in a relatively short time. This not only makes the appearance of the surface covering unsightly, but it can also cause damage to the surface covering if further traffic is driven over the loosened coverings.

In order to counteract these dynamic forces or to absorb them, so-called displacement protection is already used in the prior art, which can be designed differently. Known anti-displacement devices have in common that they are used when laying the concrete blocks or concrete slabs in such a way that they rest on the concrete blocks or concrete slabs and provide support or anchoring thereof in the subsoil or the bedding or the base layer at least in a predetermined direction of displacement.

For example, plate-shaped displacement locks are made from the DE 20 2013 005 763 U1 or the DE20 2017 005 452 U1 known, which has a preferably flat base plate made of metal with several threaded holes. Threaded pins can be inserted into the threaded holes, which create so-called spikes to anchor the base plate in the subsurface. The threaded pins can also extend from the underside of the base plate through the threaded hole beyond the top of the base plate and protrude upwards from it. This creates contact surfaces or contact webs for the side surfaces of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs, which effectively prevent them from shifting in at least one direction of displacement. The disadvantage is that such plate-shaped anti-displacement devices need to be installed underneath the surface covering, in particular before the concrete blocks or concrete slabs are laid. Another disadvantage is that such anti-displacement devices only engage in the edge area of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs and are therefore only effective with regard to a predetermined displacement direction. A central anchoring of the concrete blocks or concrete slabs in the subsurface is therefore not possible.

From the US 5,787,666 A1 a system of masonry panels is known which have serpentine-shaped seam covering edges. These consist of masonry elements made of stone or brick, which are connected to each other by a cement or mortar-like material.

From the DE 10 2017 102821 A1 A paving stone with an anchoring means is also known, which has claws designed as a spade wedge.

Based on this, it is the object of the invention to provide a concrete paving stone in the form of a surface element that can be laid in a composite, which enables the provision of improved anti-displacement protection. The object is achieved by a concrete paving stone according to patent claim 1 and by methods for producing a concrete paving stone according to patent claims 12 and 15. Concrete paving stones in the sense of the invention can in particular be concrete slabs and paving stones made of concrete.

According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a concrete paving block, in which at least one plate-shaped holding element is integrated into the concrete block body in the area of the underside of the concrete block, the plate-shaped holding element having at least one fastening opening accessible from the underside of the concrete block and extending in the direction of the top of the concrete block for receiving and fastening a Has anti-displacement element. Particularly advantageously, during the production of the concrete paving stone, part of the intended displacement system is already firmly integrated into the stone body, preferably in the area of the underside of the stone, so that a central anchoring of the concrete paving stone system in the subsurface is possible. Furthermore, it is advantageous for the anti-displacement elements to be inserted into the holding element prepared in the concrete paving stone before or during laying, ie on the construction site, whereby the number and/or arrangement of these can be selected depending on the application. For this purpose, for example, several fastening openings can be provided distributed over the plate-shaped holding element. The integration of the anti-shift system into the concrete paving stone also makes transport easier.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, the at least one plate-shaped holding element is accommodated flush with the underside of the concrete block in the concrete block body. This ensures optimal use of the anti-shift protection.

Furthermore, the anti-displacement element is advantageously formed by an elongated and/or rod-shaped locking pin or locking pin. Alternatively, the anti-displacement element can be implemented at least in sections in the form of a profile element.

In a preferred embodiment variant, the at least one plate-shaped holding element and/or the anti-displacement element are made of metal or plastic, so that absorption of high dynamic forces is also ensured.

In a further embodiment variant, the at least one fastening opening is through a hole or through hole, preferably each with an internal thread. For example, the hole or through hole can have a hexagonal cross-section, which is designed to preferably receive a hexagonal screw nut in a positive manner.

For example, the anti-displacement element has at least one free-end connecting section, via which a releasable screw or plug connection can be produced with the plate-shaped holding element, namely by screwing or inserting into the fastening opening.

Particularly advantageously, the free-end connecting section can have an external thread at least in sections for producing the releasable screw connection. Alternatively, the free-end connecting section can have, at least in sections, a cross section that deviates from the circular shape and/or plug connection means for producing the detachable plug connection.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, the at least one plate-shaped holding element and/or the anti-displacement element form an anti-displacement system that is at least partially integrated into the concrete block.

According to a further development of the invention, the plate-shaped holding element can have at least one anchoring or reinforcing element projecting from the top in the direction of the top of the concrete block, whereby improved integration into the concrete is achieved.

Furthermore, the plate-shaped holding element advantageously has a rectangular or L-shaped cross section.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a concrete paving stone, in which a formwork with at least one production plate is provided, in which concrete is introduced into the formwork, the concrete introduced is then compacted and hardened and the formwork is removed from the concrete. Particularly advantageously, at least one plate-shaped holding element is introduced and fixed in a precise position and position on the production plate before the concrete is introduced into the formwork. Advantageously, the position and/or position in and/or on which the at least one plate-shaped holding element is to be introduced and fixed is projected onto the production plate by means of display means, preferably a laser pointer unit. This makes highly precise integration of the anti-displacement system into the concrete paving stone possible in terms of production technology.

According to an embodiment variant of the manufacturing method, the plate-shaped holding element can be held or fixed on the production plate by applying a magnetic force from a permanent magnet arranged in or on the plate-shaped holding element.

According to an alternative embodiment variant of the method according to the invention for producing a concrete paving block by means of a hermetic pressing unit, a Formwork is provided and concrete is placed in the formwork, whereby the concrete placed is then compacted and hardened and the formwork is removed from the concrete. Particularly advantageously, before the injected concrete is pressed, at least one plate-shaped holding element is inserted in a precise position and position into the, preferably already pre-compacted, concrete located in the formwork and then compacted or further compacted.

In the sense of the invention, the expressions “approximately”, “essentially” or “approximately” mean deviations from the exact value by +/- 10%, preferably by +/- 5% and/or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function .

Further developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention also emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. The content of the claims is also made part of the description.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonpflastersteins,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Betonsteinunterseite des erfindungsgemäßen Betonpflastersteins gemäß Figur 1,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Betonpflastersteins gemäß Figur 1,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines integrierten Verschiebeschutzsystems umfassend ein plattenförmiges Halteelement und zwei mit diesen verbundenen Verschiebesicherungselementen,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Schalung zur Herstellung des Betonpflastersteins mit darin aufgenommenen plattenförmigen Halteelement und

Fig. 6

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Betonsteinunterseite des erfindungsgemäßen Betonpflastersteins gemäß Figur 2 mit einer alternativen Ausführungsvariante eines plattenförmigen Halteelements.

The invention is explained in more detail below using the figures and exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a concrete paving stone according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a schematic top view of the underside of the concrete block of the concrete paving stone according to the invention Figure 1 ,

Fig. 3

a schematic side view of the concrete paving stone according to the invention Figure 1 ,

Fig. 4

a schematic side view of an integrated anti-displacement system comprising a plate-shaped holding element and two anti-displacement elements connected to it,

Fig. 5

a schematic sectional view of a formwork for producing the concrete paving stone with a plate-shaped holding element accommodated therein and

Fig. 6

a schematic top view of the underside of the concrete block of the concrete paving stone according to the invention Figure 2 with an alternative embodiment variant of a plate-shaped holding element.

Identical reference numbers are used in the figures for elements of the invention that are the same or have the same effect. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference numbers that are necessary for the description of the respective figure are shown in the individual figures.

Figure 1 A schematic and perspective view of a concrete paving stone 1 according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as a concrete block, is shown as an example. The concrete block 1 is preferably designed in the form of a surface element that can be laid in a composite to create a surface covering. In the present case, concrete blocks or concrete slabs are understood to mean essentially identical elements that can be used to create a surface covering in a manner known per se. Depending on the chosen laying pattern, these are interlocked and laid flush with the surface, so that a preferably flat surface covering is created.

A concrete block 1 according to the invention comprises at least one concrete block body 2 with at least one flat concrete block underside 2.1 and a substantially flat concrete block upper side 2.2 opposite this, which preferably forms the tread surface or drivable surface. The specific design of the lateral surface sections of the concrete block 1 is not relevant to the invention, i.e. the specific cross-sectional shape of the concrete block 1 can be chosen almost arbitrarily without thereby departing from the idea of the invention. In the present exemplary embodiment, the concrete block 1 is chosen to be cuboid or square and each has two equal-surface concrete block sides 2.3, 2.4.

According to the invention, at least one plate-shaped holding element 3 is integrated into the concrete block body 2 in the area of the underside of the concrete block 2.1, the plate-shaped holding element 3 having at least one fastening opening 4, 4 'that is accessible from the underside of the concrete block 2.1 and extends in the direction of the top side of the concrete block 2.2 for receiving and fastening an anti-displacement element 5 having. The at least plate-shaped holding element 3 and at least one anti-displacement element 5, 5' form an integrated anti-displacement system. The plate-shaped holding element 3 and/or the anti-displacement element 5, 5' are preferably made of metal or plastic. The use of alternative materials or material combinations with comparable hardness properties is also possible.

For improved integration or integration of the plate-shaped holding element 3 into the concrete block body 2, the plate-shaped holding element 3 can have anchoring or reinforcing elements projecting from the top side facing the concrete block top 2.2, which are either formed in one piece or in one piece with the plate-shaped holding element 3 or analogously to the displacement securing elements 5 , 5 'can be screwed or inserted into further fastening opening 4, 4' in the plate-shaped holding element 3.

In the present exemplary embodiment according to Figure 2 and 3 a plate-shaped holding element 3 is provided with a first and second fastening opening 4, 4 '. Figure 2 shows an example of a top view of the underside of the concrete block 2.1 and Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of the concrete block body 2 according to the invention, the location and position of the plate-shaped holding element 3 integrated into the concrete block body 2 being indicated by a dotted line.

Figure 4 shows an example of a section along the two fastening openings 4, 4', each with a displacement securing element 5, 5' accommodated therein, which in the present exemplary embodiment is formed in the form of a so-called "spike".

It is understood that one or more such plate-shaped holding elements 3 can be accommodated in the concrete block body 3, in particular in almost any rotational position relative to the central longitudinal axis MLA of the concrete block 1. Particularly advantageous can be achieved by selecting the rotational angle position of the plate-shaped holding element 3 in relation to the central longitudinal axis MLA the displacement direction can be set in which the effective displacement protection direction can be set

In a preferred embodiment variant, the at least one plate-shaped holding element 3 is accommodated in the concrete block body 2 flush with the underside 2.1 of the concrete block. In Figure 2 A corresponding embodiment of a concrete block 1 according to the invention is shown as an example. However, it is understood that the plate-shaped holding element 3 can also be offset further inwards, ie spaced from the underside of the concrete block 2.1 within the concrete block body 2 and/or encased by the concrete material.

The displacement securing element 5, 5 'can be formed, for example, by an elongated and / or rod-shaped locking pin or locking pin, such as exemplary in Figure 4 shown. Alternatively, the anti-displacement element 5, 5' can be formed by a profile element, preferably a metal profile. The metal profile can be designed at least in sections to be S-shaped, U-shaped or Z-shaped, which then has at least one free-end connecting section 5.1, 5.1 ', via which a preferably releasable screw or plug connection can be produced with the plate-shaped holding element 3.

The free-end connecting section 5.1, 5.1' of the anti-displacement elements 5, 5 is preferably designed to produce a releasable screw or plug connection with the plate-shaped holding element 3, namely by screwing or inserting into the respective fastening opening 4, 4'. In addition, the anti-displacement element 5, 5' can taper to a point at the opposite free end section 5.2, 5.2' or form a flat, i.e. spade-shaped, end section.

The fastening opening 4, 4 'is preferably formed by a hole or a through hole, which can each have an internal thread to realize a screw connection.

The free-end connecting section 5.1, 5.1' has, for example, an external thread at least in sections to produce the releasable screw connection. Alternatively, the free-end connecting section 5.1, 5.1' can have or form, at least in sections, a cross-section and/or plug-in connection means that deviate from the circular shape in order to produce the detachable plug-in connection.

The production or manufacture of the concrete block 1 according to the invention with an integrated anti-displacement system can be carried out using different industrial manufacturing processes.

First, as part of the manufacturing process, a known concrete formwork 6 is provided for the production of concrete blocks 1, with a production plate 7, also called "production sheet", being arranged in the area of the formwork base. The production plate 7 is preferably made of metal, in particular steel. However, other materials such as wood, plastic or materials with similar material properties can also be used. With this known formwork 6 with production plate 7 are from the prior art Known concrete blocks are produced without an integrated anti-shift system, preferably in layers, ie several concrete blocks in one layer at the same time.

The insertion of the plate-shaped holding elements 3 into the formwork 6 or mold for each concrete block 1 to be produced can be done either manually or using a program-controlled robot arm. For this purpose, the plate-shaped holding elements 3 are positioned at predetermined positions on the production plate 7, in such a way that they are later integrated in the concrete block body 2 at a predetermined position in the area of the concrete block underside 2.1 of the concrete block 1. The predetermined positions can be marked or displayed on the production plate 7 using laser pointer units, so that the respective plate-shaped holding element 3 can be positioned on the production plate 7 with precise position and/or position either manually or automatically. As already mentioned, the plate-shaped holding element 3 can have anchoring or reinforcing elements 8 projecting from the top in order to ensure optimal integration into the concrete.

In the case of production plates 7 made of metal, a permanent magnet 9 can be accommodated in the holding element 3 for simplified fixation of the plate-shaped holding elements 3 on the production plate 7. After the plate-shaped holding element 3 has been placed in the predetermined position on the production plate 7, it is fixed in a precise position and/or position by means of the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 9. The permanent magnet 9 can either be accommodated in the plate-shaped holding element 3 or placed on it. For non-metallic production panels 7, alternative fixing agents can be used. Figure 5 shows an example of a plate-shaped holding element 3 which is inserted into the formwork 6 and fixed to the production plate 7 by means of a permanent magnet 9, with an anchoring or reinforcing element 8 protruding into the interior of the formwork 6.

The formwork 6 prepared in this way is filled with core concrete in the next step and the plate-shaped holding element 3 is thus integrated into the concrete block 1 during the production process. The integration is preferably carried out flush with the underside of the concrete block 2.1, ie without any protrusion on the underside of the concrete block 1. The introduced core concrete is then pre-compacted in a manner known per se. Here, the plate-shaped holding element 3 continues to be completely enclosed by the core concrete. Facing concrete is then placed into the formwork 6 brought in. As an alternative to placing core concrete and facing concrete, just one type of concrete can be placed.

If a hermetic pressing unit is used to produce the concrete blocks 1, the production sequence described above is reversed, namely after filling the facing and core concrete into the formwork 6, the plate-shaped holding element 3 is introduced, in comparison to the previously described exemplary embodiment Rotated 180°, i.e. the plate-shaped holding element 3 is inserted into the core concrete with the protruding anchoring or reinforcing element 8. Insertion is also done either manually or automatically using an industrial robot. The correct position can be displayed again using a laser pointer unit. By means of the hermetic pressing unit, the filled core concrete is compacted and the plate-shaped holding element 3 is also formed flush with the underside of the concrete block 2.1.

In both embodiment variants, the connection of the anti-displacement elements 5, 5 to the plate-shaped holding element 3 integrated in the concrete block 1 only takes place on the construction site, i.e. before or when the concrete blocks 1 are laid. This has the advantage that the concrete blocks 1 can be transported on pallets without gaps.

In Figure 6 An alternative embodiment of a concrete block 1 according to the invention is shown as an example. The plate-shaped holding element 3 is, for example, angular or L-shaped, ie has two plate sections connected to one another at a right angle. The plate sections preferably have the same plate or leg length.

In the embodiment variant shown, the plate-shaped and rectangular holding element 3 has several, preferably three, fastening openings 4, 4 ', 4", which are accessible from the underside of the concrete block 2.1 and extend in the direction of the top side of the concrete block 2.2. These in turn are each for receiving and fastening one Anti-displacement element 5, preferably in the form of rod-shaped securing pins. The plate-shaped and rectangular holding element 3 in conjunction with at least three anti-displacement elements 5 form the integrated anti-displacement system. Here, in the transition area between the two plate sections, there is a first fastening opening 4 and a further fastening opening 4 ', 4" provided in the area of the free end of the plate sections.

The fastening openings 4, 4', 4" can be designed to receive conventional screw nut elements. For example, these can have a hexagon-shaped cross section, which is designed to preferably receive a hexagon screw nut in a positive manner.

The invention has been described above using exemplary embodiments. It goes without saying that numerous changes and modifications are possible without thereby departing from the inventive idea on which the invention is based.

Reference symbol list

1

Concrete paving stone

2

Concrete block body

2.1

Concrete block underside

2.2

Concrete block top

2.3

Concrete block side

2.4

Concrete block side

3

plate-shaped holding element

4, 4', 4"

Fastening opening

5, 5'

Anti-displacement element

5.1, 5.1'

free-end connecting section

5.2, 5.2'

free end section

6

formwork

7

Production plate

8th

Securing or reinforcing element

9

Permanent magnet

MLA

Central longitudinal axis

Claims (15)

1. Concrete paving block (1) in the form of a surface element that can be laid in bond to create a surface covering, comprising at least one concrete block body (2) with at least one even concrete block underside (2.1) and an opposite, substantially flat concrete block top side (2.2), characterised in that at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) is integrated in the concrete block body (2) in the region of the concrete block underside (2.1), wherein the plate-shaped holding element (3) comprises at least one fastening opening (4, 4'), which is accessible from the concrete block underside (2.1) and which extends in the direction of the concrete block top side (2.2), for accommodating and fastening an anti-displacement element (5, 5').
2. Concrete paving block according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) is accommodated flush with the concrete block underside (2.1) in the concrete block body (2).
3. Concrete paving block according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the anti-displacement element (5, 5') is formed by an elongate and/or rod-shaped securing pin or securing bolt.
4. Concrete paving block according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the anti-displacement element (5, 5') is formed by a profiled element.
5. Concrete paving block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) and/or the anti-displacement element (5, 5') are produced from metal or plastic.
6. Concrete paving block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fastening opening (4, 4') is formed by a boreholing or through-hole, preferably each with an internal thread.
7. Concrete paving block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the anti-displacement element (5, 5') comprises at least one connection portion (5.1, 5.1') at a free end-side, via which a detachable screw connection or plug-in connection to the plate-shaped holding element (3) can be made, namely by screwing or plugging into the fastening opening (4, 4').
8. Concrete paving block according to claim 7, characterised in that the connection portion (5.1, 5.1') at the free end-side for making the detachable screw connection comprises an external thread at least in portions.
9. Concrete paving block according to claim 7, characterised in that the connection portion (5.1, 5.1') at the free end-side for making the detachable plug-in connection comprises a cross section that differs from the circular shape and/or plug-in connection means at least in portions.
10. Concrete paving block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) and/or the anti-displacement element (5, 5') form an anti-displacement system integrated in the concrete paving block (1).
11. Concrete paving block according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the plate-shaped holding element (3) comprises at least one anchoring or reinforcing element (8) protruding from the top side in the direction of the concrete block top side (2.2) and/or in that the plate-shaped holding element (3) comprises a right-angled or L-shaped cross section.
12. Method for producing a concrete paving block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a formwork (6) with a production plate (7) is provided, wherein concrete is introduced into the formwork (6), the introduced concrete is then compacted and set, and the formwork (6) is removed from the concrete, characterised in that before the concrete is introduced into the formwork (6), at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) is introduced accurately in location and position on the production plate (7) and is fixed in place.
13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that the location and/or position at and/or in which the at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) is to be introduced and fixed in place is projected onto the production plate (7) by means of display means, preferably a laser pointer units.
14. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that the plate-shaped holding element (3) is fixed in place on the production plate (7) by application of a magnetic force of a permanent magnet (9) arranged in or on the plate-shaped holding element.
15. Method for producing a concrete paving block (1) by means of a hermetic press unit according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which a formwork (6) is provided, wherein concrete is introduced into the formwork (6), the introduced concrete is then compacted and set, and the formwork (6) is removed from the concrete, characterised in that before the introduced concrete is compressed, at least one plate-shaped holding element (3) is introduced accurately in location and position in the concrete and is then compacted together with the concrete.

Images