EP3845853B1 - Projectile and ammunition - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a projectile, in particular a penetrator, for ammunition preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, or a caliber of less than 8 mm, such as small caliber. Projectiles of this type are preferably used in the military field and are used to penetrate stronger so-called protection classes. This means that the projectiles are able to achieve increased penetration power in order to damage targets of increased strength. Such projectiles are known, for example, as anti-material rifles (AMR) in English-speaking countries and are used to combat armored objects or objects located behind cover, such as helicopters, armored vehicles, aircraft, ships or the like.

Projectiles of this type are made from EP 0 279 732 B1 known and have an ogive on the bow side, which is responsible for the aerodynamics of the projectile, and a projectile base connected to the ogive, which is used, among other things, to attach to a projectile shoe, which is placed on the projectile on the bow side. The projectile shoe and the projectile are dimensioned in relation to each other in such a way that the projectile shoe rests directly on or against the projectile base. The projectile base merges into the ogive, forming a radially protruding shoulder in order to form an axial stop for the projectile shoe.

A disadvantage of such known projectiles has been found to be that the radially protruding shoulder acts as a breaking point, causing an undefined and uncontrolled deformation and/or fragmentation of the projectile. When the projectile hits a target, especially during the penetration process, this results in reduced penetration power.

BE1015378A5 relates to an armour-piercing projectile for a handgun having a penetrator and means for limiting the movement of the penetrator.

DE 40 22 821 A1 concerns a sub-caliber impact projectile.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the disadvantages of the known prior art, in particular to provide a projectile, preferably a penetrator, for ammunition or ammunition with improved penetration performance, in particular without increasing the cost of the projectile.

The problem is solved by the subject matter of claims 1, 5 and 12 respectively.

According to this, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition. Generic projectiles, in particular penetrators, in particular for armor-piercing ammunition (known in English as armor piercing, or AP for short), are used to achieve increased penetration performance in the target, for example in order to penetrate higher so-called protection classes in the military field. Generic projectiles achieve at least protection class 12, preferably protection class 13, according to VPAM Standard APR 2006 Edition. For example, the projectile can be an API projectile (Armor Piercing, Incendiary), in which an flammable substance (for example zirconium) is added to an AP projectile to create an additional fire effect after penetrating armor, for example.

The projectile comprises a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining projectile base. When the present description refers to the bow or bow side or the stern or stern side, the corresponding terms are to be understood with regard to a flight direction of the projectile or with regard to its orientation in the gun barrel, with the projectile bow being arranged at the front in relation to the flight direction, i.e. at the front, and the stern being arranged at the back in relation to the flight direction. The projectile base is, for example, essentially completely cylindrical in shape and/or made of solid material.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a transition between the projectile base and the bow-side sacrificial section and/or the projectile base is/are notched on the outside in such a way that an impact on a standard target is accompanied by at least a partial separation of the sacrificial section from the projectile base. The standard target can be a predefined steel sheet with a predetermined hardness, namely 367 Brinell (HB), and given thickness, namely 13 mm. The standard target can be used in a standard test setup, which is as follows looks like this: The projectile is fired by a firearm at a launch velocity of about 880 m/s, so that it hits the standard target, which is about 900 m away, essentially orthogonally on its target surface.

In order to increase the penetration power or penetration effect of projectiles, the following challenges in particular arise: as a rule, a compromise must be found between costs, in particular material costs for materials of high density and hardness, and penetration effect, as well as a compromise between aerodynamics and penetration effect. By means of the design measures according to the invention, the inventors of the present invention were able to resolve the above-mentioned compromises in such a way that high penetration effects can be achieved without increasing the costs of the projectile and/or without having to resort to expensive materials and/or without impairing the aerodynamics. For example, the projectile can be made of steel, whereby previously known projectiles with a similar penetration effect could only be produced at increased costs for expensive materials and/or reduced aerodynamics and thus reduced precision and/or flight range.

By at least partially separating the sacrificial section from the projectile base after the projectile has hit the target, in particular completely separating the sacrificial section from the projectile base, it is achieved that shock and impulse waves introduced into the sacrificial section as a result of the impact, which can lead to failure and/or uncontrolled deformation, in particular to cracks within the projectile material, are largely taken up and absorbed by the sacrificial section, thus ensuring that the projectile base remains essentially intact and can continue to penetrate essentially intact after the sacrificial section has been separated. By designing the notch in such a way that the sacrificial section separates reliably, the penetration performance of projectiles can be significantly increased.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the sacrificial section and projectile base are made from one piece. For example, the projectile can be manufactured by machining, such as turning, or by forming, in particular tensile pressure forming, such as deep drawing. The one-piece projectile is functionally converted into a two-piece projectile by providing the circumferential notch or depression, namely the bow-side, the shock waves and the The sacrificial section, which absorbs the energy input, and the rear projectile base, which carries out the penetration process. It has been discovered that by providing and forming a targeted and defined predetermined breaking point in the form of a circumferential notch or depression, the deformation behavior of the projectile can be influenced, in particular adjusted.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition.

The projectile comprises a sacrificial section on the bow side, in particular an ogive-shaped section, and an adjoining projectile base. At the transition between the sacrificial section and the projectile base and/or on the projectile base, a circumferential depression is formed, which has two opposing depression flanks and a depression base connecting the depression flanks. The depression flanks limit the depression in relation to the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

According to the further aspect of the present invention, at least one profile jump is provided at the base of the depression. In other words, at least one of the two depression flanks at the base of the depression jumps back towards the outside of the projectile, which can be formed, for example, by a sacrificial section casing or a projectile base casing, depending on the position of the depression in relation to the longitudinal direction. For example, the depression can have a V-shape in cross-section, with a single profile jump being formed at the base of the depression. The depression can also have a U-shape in cross-section, for example, so that two profile jumps are realized at the base of the depression, namely between the base of the depression and an adjacent depression flank, which thus jump back from the base of the depression to the respective casing section. The design of the depression according to the invention generates a clearly defined predetermined breaking point, which significantly increases the penetration effect of the projectile. The inventors of the present invention have found that the profile jump at the base of the depression in The recess has the effect of a crack brake and focuses cracks introduced into the victim section after the projectile has hit a target like a needle's eye and prevents the cracks from spreading into the projectile base. Furthermore, the ability of the recess to absorb shock and impulse waves introduced into the victim section after the projectile has hit or to prevent them from spreading into the projectile base is significantly increased. The recess design according to the second aspect of the invention thus also enables a significantly increased penetration effect and protection of the projectile base so that it remains essentially intact for the penetration process that takes place after the projectile has hit.

For example, one of the recess flanks, in particular the recess flank on the sacrificial section side, is oriented substantially perpendicularly with respect to a longitudinal axis of the projectile. The other of the two recess flanks, in particular the nose-side recess flank, is oriented at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and with respect to the other recess flank in order to form the recess. In other words, the recess can be designed such that a recess flank on the sacrificial section side is substantially perpendicular with respect to an adjacent sacrificial section casing and a nose-side recess flank is inclined with respect to both the recess flank on the sacrificial section side and with respect to an adjacent projectile base casing.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the recess is implemented as a tapered notch. The notch has a sharp-edged notch base with a radius of less than 0.8 mm, in particular less than 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm or less than 0.4 mm. The radius of the sharp-edged notch base can be greater than 0.05 mm. The sharp edges of the notch base have proven to be advantageous in terms of reliably separating the sacrificial section from the projectile base and in terms of protecting the projectile base.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the depression or notch has a depth starting from a lateral surface of the sacrificial section and/or from a lateral surface of the projectile base, wherein the respective lateral surface determines the outer diameter of the respective section, in the range of 5% to 50%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 40%, 9% to 30% or in the range of 10 to 25% of a caliber diameter. A significant depression or notch depth in the above-mentioned range reinforces the above-mentioned advantageous technical effects according to the invention.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the depression or notch has an opening angle in the range from 5° to 50°, in particular in the range from 7.5° to 45° or in the range from 10° to 40°. It can be provided that the depression or notch has two circumferential depression or notch flanks that open into a common depression or notch base. The depression or notch flanks can be angled to one another at an angle in the stressed range, i.e. in the range from 5° to 50°, in particular in the range from 7.5° to 45° or in the range from 10° to 40°. The opening angle can be understood to be an angle that is spanned by the two opposite, mutually associated depression or notch flanks.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the previous aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition. The projectile comprises a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining rear-side projectile base. A circumferential recess is formed at the transition between the sacrificial section and the projectile base and/or on the projectile base.

According to the further aspect of the invention, the depression is inclined in the direction of the rear of the projectile with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile. In other words, two opposing depression flanks which delimit the depression in the longitudinal direction of the projectile can have both a radial and an axial component, with the depression flank on the base side or rear side in particular having a larger axial component than the depression flank on the victim section side or bow side. The axial direction is to be understood as a direction oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and the radial direction is to be understood as a direction oriented transversely, in particular vertically, with respect to the axial or longitudinal direction of the projectile. The projectile can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to a projectile center axis, which then determines the axial direction, and can have a Radial direction starting from the projectile center axis towards an outer circumference of the projectile. It was found that the inclination of the depression towards the rear of the projectile results in a desired deformation and in the same way a desired projectile intermediate product, also called an intermediate, since the inclination of the depression results in the sacrificial section separating at least partially from the projectile base along the inclination direction and thus the projectile base tapers at least axially in sections on the bow side after the sacrificial section has been separated, in particular conically. Initiated shock or impulse waves can thus be better absorbed or better diverted by the projectile base, whereby the projectile base remains stable for a longer period of time and can therefore penetrate for a longer period of time. The depression design according to the third aspect of the invention thus also brings about a significantly increased penetration effect and/or increased protection of the projectile base, so that it remains essentially intact for the penetration process that takes place after the impact of the projectile.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the recess is inclined in such a way that after the sacrificial section has been separated from the projectile base, the projectile base essentially has a torpedo-like or arrow-like shape, in particular pointing in the direction of flight. For example, the projectile base can taper on the bow side after the sacrificial section has been separated. The arrow or torpedo shape, in particular the bow-side taper, of the projectile intermediate, which is essentially formed exclusively by the projectile base, can achieve improved penetration performance and better absorb or divert incoming shock or impulse waves.

In a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the depression or notch has two circumferential depression or notch flanks that lead to a common depression or notch base. The depression or notch flanks delimit the depression or notch in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and the depression or notch base delimits the depression or notch transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile, in particular in the radial direction. It can be provided that the depression or notch flank on the projectile base side, on the bow side, is convexly curved at least in sections, preferably completely. It has been found that a convexly curved bow side depression or notch flank allows the projectile intermediate, which is essentially formed by the projectile base, adapts even better to the torpedo or arrow shape which increases the penetration performance.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the depression or notch has two circumferential depression or notch flanks that lead into a common depression or notch base. The depression or notch flanks have a distance of at least 2 mm from one another, measured in the longitudinal or axial direction of the projectile, at the radial height of a lateral surface of the sacrificial section and/or a lateral surface of the projectile base. The claimed distance of at least 2 mm between the depression or notch flanks, in particular between their edges arranged at the radial height of the corresponding lateral surface, prevents only a ductile deformation of the projectile, in particular of the two depression or notch flanks, after the impact of the projectile on the target and ensures that the desired deformation, in particular the desired predetermined breaking point, i.e. separation of the sacrificial section from the projectile base, is achieved.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the depression is positioned approximately centrally in relation to an overall longitudinal extension of the projectile. For example, the depression or the notch is arranged at the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, so that the depression or the notch divides the projectile approximately centrally into the projectile base and the sacrificial section.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the depression is located at a transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section. At the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, an increase in diameter from the projectile base to the sacrificial section can occur. The sacrificial section head, which thus protrudes in the radial direction over the projectile base and in particular tapers in an ogive shape, has a positive effect on the aerodynamics of the projectile and, in conjunction with the depression arranged at the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, increases the penetration performance of the projectile, in particular by protecting the projectile base. The increase in diameter of the projectile base to the sacrificial section can be realized by forming a step-like or continuously increasing step.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, at least two notches or depressions are distributed in particular evenly along the entire longitudinal extension of the projectile, for example arranged at one third or two thirds in relation to the longitudinal extension of the projectile. It can be provided that the two notches or two depressions are formed in the same shape, in particular produced by means of the same tool, such as a piercing tool.

In another exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the projectile is made of metal, such as steel, iron, hardened steel, hard metal or tungsten. It is clear that the harder materials with higher density have an even more positive effect on the penetration performance, but can be more expensive. The inventive structural design of the notch or the recess of the projectiles according to the invention has achieved a significant increase in the penetration effect despite the use of cheaper, less hard materials.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the depression is positioned and/or dimensioned such that when the projectile hits a target, the notch or the depression prevents shock waves from spreading from the sacrificial section into the projectile base. The shock waves introduced into the bow-side sacrificial section as a result of the projectile hitting a target cannot be introduced into the projectile base unhindered, but are prevented from spreading by the depression or the notch, in particular concentrated like a needle's eye. As a result, the shock wave energy is focused in the sacrificial section and essentially kept away from the projectile base, which can thus remain essentially intact and provide maximum energy to penetrate the target. Alternatively or additionally, the notch or the depression can be positioned and/or dimensioned such that when the projectile hits a target, the notch or the depression prevents cracks introduced into the sacrificial section from spreading into the projectile base. For example, the notch or depression acts as a crack sink or crack brake. Cracks forming in the sacrificial section are stopped at the notch or depression and channeled there, in particular in the form of a needle eye, in order to prevent the cracks from spreading into the projectile base, so that it can remain essentially intact. Alternatively or additionally, the depression or notch can be positioned and/or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile hits a The aim of the notch or depression is to prevent the transmission of impulses from the sacrificial section into the projectile base. In particular, the notch or depression is intended to reflect the impulses back into the sacrificial section in the direction of the projectile bow. The propagation of the impulses into the projectile base can be prevented and the projectile base can thus be protected.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, an ammunition is provided, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular with a caliber of less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, the ammunition comprises a projectile shoe or a projectile jacket and a projectile designed according to one of the preceding claims, preferably pressed into the projectile shoe or the projectile jacket. By means of the ammunition according to the invention, a significantly increased penetration effect can be achieved compared to the ammunition available in the prior art, without having to make any sacrifices in terms of poor aerodynamics and/or high costs.

Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

Figur 1

eine Schnittansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 2

eine Detailansicht II einer Vertiefung des Projektils nach Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine alternative Ausführung einer Vertiefung;

Figur 4

eine weitere alternative Ausführung einer Vertiefung;

Figur 5

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 6

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 5;

Figur 7

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 8

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 7;

Figur 9

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil; und

Figur 10

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 9.

In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

Figure 1

a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 2

a detailed view II of a recess of the projectile after Figure 1 ;

Figure 3

an alternative design of a recess;

Figure 4

another alternative design of a recess;

Figure 5

a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 6

a side view of the projectile after Figure 5 ;

Figure 7

a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 8

a side view of the projectile after Figure 7 ;

Figure 9

a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention; and

Figure 10

a side view of the projectile after Figure 9 .

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of ammunition according to the invention and projectiles according to the invention, an ammunition according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 1 and a projectile according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 3. Example caliber diameters, which represent a measure for the outer diameter of projectiles 3 and the inner diameter of a barrel of a weapon (not shown), are at most 40 mm, in particular at most 13 mm. For the exemplary description, it can be assumed that the projectile 3 is turned from hardened steel. In addition to the projectile 3, an ammunition 1 according to the invention comprises a projectile shoe 5, into which the projectile 3 is at least partially inserted, in particular pressed in. When reference is made below to the front, bow or rear side, the directions are to be understood in relation to a flight direction, which is indicated by the reference symbol F, of the projectile 3 and thus in relation to an orientation of the projectile 3 in the firearm barrel.

In Figure 1 an AP ammunition 1 is shown. The projectile shoe 5 is open at the front or bow and has a seat 9 that is essentially cylindrical inside and delimits an essentially cylindrical cavity 7. The seat 9 opens into a base 11 at the rear, which closes off the cavity 7 towards the rear. The projectile 3 is held in the projectile shoe 5 in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner.

A part of the projectile 3 is housed in the cavity 7, whereby the projectile 3 does not completely fill the cavity 7 at the rear. The projectile part housed in the cavity 7 forms a projectile base 13, which can also be referred to as a penetration core and provides the predominant penetration power of the projectile 3 after the projectile 3 has impacted on a target. On the bow side, the projectile base 13 is adjoined by a sacrificial section 15, in particular an ogive-shaped section, which is designed to absorb the impulse and energy inputs caused when the projectile 3 impacts. The sacrificial section 15 protrudes essentially completely from the cavity 7 in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and the direction of flight. The projectile base 13 and the sacrificial section 15 are made from one piece, for example turned from hardened steel. In the area of the transition from the projectile base 13 to the sacrificial section 15 or in the rear area of the sacrificial section 15, the projectile 3 has an enlarged diameter on which a circumferential support shoulder 17 is formed for a preferably complementary edge 19 of the seat 9. The transition between the edge 19 and the support shoulder 17 is realized in such a way that the projectile shoe 5 transitions into the projectile 3 continuously, without steps or projections.

In the area of the transition from the projectile base 13 to the sacrificial section 15 or in the projectile base 13, a recess 21 is made on the outside, which is designed to cause at least partial separation of the sacrificial section 15 from the projectile base 13 when the projectile 3 impacts a standard target. For the purposes of the present invention, in particular the separation of the sacrificial section 15 from the projectile base 13, the following design criteria apply in particular for the design of the recess 21: the recess 21 should basically be as pointed as possible, as deep as possible and as thin as possible, with a sufficient distance between the recess flanks defining the recess 21 to ensure reliable separation of the sacrificial section 15. The depressions 21 according to the exemplary embodiments are positioned and/or dimensioned such that when the projectile 3 hits a target, the depression 21 prevents shock waves from spreading from the sacrificial section 15 into the projectile base 13. Furthermore, it can be provided that when the projectile 3 hits the target, the depression 21 acts as a crack sink in order to prevent cracks introduced into the sacrificial section 15 from spreading into the projectile base 13. It can also be provided that when the projectile 3 hits the target, the depression 21 prevents impulse transmission from the sacrificial section 15 into the projectile base 13, with at least some of the impulses being reflected into the sacrificial section. The exemplary depressions 21 in the figures have in common that a respective transition of an adjacent projectile base casing 35 or sacrificial section casing 37 is realized by a profile jump or a respective edge 39, 41.

In the Figures 1 to 4 exemplary embodiments of recesses 21 are shown, wherein Figure 2 a detailed view according to section II in Figure 1 The depressions 21 can have the exemplary features mentioned in the preceding description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and/or can be designed in accordance with the exemplary depressions mentioned in the preceding description of exemplary embodiments of the invention. The depressions 21 can be introduced into the proticle 3 by turning.

For example, the recesses 21 in the figures are formed circumferentially. In general, the recesses 21 have two recess flanks 23, 25 facing each other, namely a rear-side or projectile base-side recess flank 23 and a front/bow-side or sacrificial section-side recess flank 25. The recesses 21 according to the Figures 1 to 3 are realized as tapered notches; the recess 21 according to Figure 4 as a blind hole-like bore. The recess flanks 23, 25 open into a recess base 27 connecting the flanks 23, 25. At least one profile jump 29 is provided on the recess base 27. For example, the notches 21 in the Figures 1 to 3 a single profile jump 29 and the blind hole-like drilling 21 in the Figure 4 two profile jumps 29, 31. In an exemplary embodiment, the recess base 27 or the profile jumps 29, 31 have a radius of less than 0.8 mm.

Notch 21 according to the Figures 1 and 2 is characterized in that the recess flank 23 on the bow side is oriented essentially orthogonally to the direction of flight or the longitudinal axis of the projectile. An opening angle α between the recess flanks 23, 25 is, for example, in the range of 10° to 20°.

The tapered notch 21 in Figure 3 differs from notch 21 of the Figures 1 and 2 essentially by its orientation with respect to the projectile’s longitudinal axis: The notch 21 in Figure 3 is namely inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile in the direction of the projectile tail 33, which faces the bottom 11 of the projectile shoe 5. This is expressed in that the recess flank 23 on the sacrificial section side has an angle β of less than 90°, in particular less than 80° or 70°, with respect to a longitudinal axis pointing from the sacrificial section 15 in the direction of the projectile base 13, and the recess flank 25 on the projectile base side has an angle β of more than 90°, in particular more than 100° or 110°, with respect to a lateral surface 35 adjacent to the recess 21. The inclination of the recess 21 has the effect, among other things, that when the sacrificial section 15 is separated from the projectile base 13 as a result of an impact of the projectile 3 on a target, the projectile base 13 increasingly tapers in a defined manner at the front, so that a torpedo- or arrow-like shape of the remaining projectile base 13 results, which achieves an improved penetration performance.

The blind hole-like recess 21 from Figure 4 is designed in such a way that the recess flanks 23, 25 on the victim section side and the projectile base side are oriented essentially parallel to one another. Furthermore, the recess flanks are oriented essentially orthogonal to the flight direction F or the projectile longitudinal axis.

Based on the Figures 5 to 10 alternative embodiments of ammunition 1 according to the invention or projectiles 3 according to the invention are described. In this case, identical or similar components are provided with identical or similar reference numbers. In order to avoid repetition, the description of the embodiments is essentially limited to the embodiments that differ from the embodiments of the Figures 1 to 4 resulting differences.

In Figure 5 another embodiment of ammunition 1 according to the invention is shown, while in Figure 6 a side view of the projectile 3 of the ammunition 1 from Figure 5 shown. In the Figures 5 and 6 This is an AP ammunition 1. The design of the ammunition 1 or the projectile 3 according to the Figures 5 and 6 differs from the embodiment according to Figure 1 essentially in that the projectile 3 essentially completely occupies the guide shoe cavity 7. The projectile 3 is also held in the projectile shoe 5 in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. Furthermore, the support shoulder 17 is concavely curved. Furthermore, the edge 19 of the seat 9, which is formed to complement the support shoulder 17, is also curved, namely convexly curved. The sacrificial section casing 37 in the Figures 5 and 6 is inclined much more steeply with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile than the sacrificial section jacket 37 according to Figure 1 .

The ammunition 1 of the Figures 7 and 8 concerns an AP ammunition or an API ammunition. The design of the ammunition 1 and the associated projectile 3 according to the Figures 7 and 8 differs from the previous embodiments essentially in that two recesses 21 arranged at a distance from one another are introduced into the projectile 3. The recesses 21 are positioned approximately at 1/3 or 2/3 of the longitudinal extent of the projectile 3. Furthermore, the recesses 21 are essentially the same shape, although it is also conceivable to have different dimensions.

Furthermore, the projectile 3 differs from the projectile 3 of the previous embodiments, among other things, in that no support shoulder 17 is formed, but the sacrificial portion 15 extends further substantially cylindrically on the bow side of the bow-side recess 21 until the sacrificial portion 15 merges into a substantially ogive-shaped structure.

In contrast to the previous embodiments, the guide shoe is formed in two parts and comprises a rear-side guide shoe section enclosing the seat 9 and a front-side bus section 45 surrounding the sacrificial section 13, which directly adjoins the seat 9 and contacts it.

The seat 9 contacts a complementarily shaped and/or inclined edge 46 of the nose section 45 with its front edge 19, which is inclined with respect to the flight direction F or the longitudinal axis of the projectile. The edges 19 and 46 therefore overlap transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. Furthermore, the nose section 45 of the guide shoe 5 is closed on the nose side and, together with the seat 9, completely encapsulates the projectile 3. The projectile 3 is therefore completely encased.

In the further exemplary embodiment of ammunition 1 according to the invention Figures 9 and 10 , in which an AP ammunition 1 is shown, it is also full metal jacket ammunition 1. Instead of the guide shoe 5, the ammunition shows full metal jacket ammunition 1 made of Figure 9 a jacket 47 that is closed at the bow and open at the stern and has an essentially constant wall thickness. In the area of a bow-side ammunition tip 49, the jacket 47 has a significantly greater wall thickness.

The casing 47 surrounds a two-part core: a projectile 3 according to the invention is arranged at the front or bow side and a further core 51 at the rear, which defines an opening 53 at the bow side into which the projectile 3, in particular the projectile base 13, is pressed. The recess 53 of the core 51 is delimited by a circumferential opening wall 55, which essentially has a U-shape, the legs of which extend from the projectile tail 33 in the direction of the front to the transition between the projectile base 13 and the sacrificial section 15. In the area of the transition between the projectile base 13 and the sacrificial section 15, the projectile 3 widens and/or the casing 47 narrows in such a way that the sacrificial section 15 rests on the casing 47 in essentially flat contact. Furthermore, a circumferential recess 21 is arranged in the area of the transition, up to which the opening wall 55 of the rear core 51 extends. In the embodiment according to the Figures 9 and 10 the circumferential recess 21 is positioned essentially at ¼ to 1/5 of the total longitudinal extent of the projectile 3.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments.

List of reference symbols

1

ammunition

3

projectile

5

Projectile shoe

7

cavity

9

seat

11

Floor

13

Projectile base

15

Sacrificial section

17

Support shoulder

19

edge

21

Deepening

23, 25

Recess flank

27

Reason for deepening

29, 31

Profile jump

33

Profile rear

35

Projectile base jacket

37

Sacrificial section coat

39.41

Edge

45

Bow section

46

edge

47

Coat

49

Ammunition tip

51

core

53

opening

55

Opening wall

F

Flight direction

α

Opening angle

β

Angle between the sacrificial section side recess flank and the longitudinal axis

δ

Angle between projectile base side recess flank and adjacent shell surface

Claims (12)

1. One-piece penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for armor-piercing ammunition (1), comprising a nose-sided, in particular ogival, sacrificial section (15) and an adjoining penetration core (13), a circumferential depression (21) being formed at the transition between the sacrificial section (15) and the penetration core (13) and/or on the penetration core (13), which has two opposing recess flanks (23, 25) and a recess base (27) connecting the recess flanks (23, 25), at least one profiled step (29, 31) being provided on the recess base (27), the recess (21) being realized as a tapered notch characterized in that the recess (21) has a sharp-edged notch base with a radius of less than 0.8 mm.
2. The penetrator according to claim 1, wherein the notch base has a radius of less than 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm or less than 0.4 mm and in particular greater than 0.05 mm.
3. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a depression or notch depth, starting from a lateral surface of the sacrificial section (15) and/or from a lateral surface of the penetration core (13), is in the range from 5 % to 50 %, in particular in the range from 7.5 % to 40 %, 9 % to 30 % or in the range from 10 % to 25 %, of a caliber diameter.
4. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess (21) or the notch has an opening angle (a) in the range from 5° to 50°, in particular in the range from 7.5° to 45° or in the range from 10° to 40°, wherein in particular the recess (21) or the notch has two circumferential depression or notch flanks opening into a common depression or notch base and the depression or notch flanks are angled towards each other at an angle in the range from 5° to 50°, in particular in the range from 7.5° to 45° or in the range from 10° to 40°.
5. One-piece penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for armor-piercing ammunition (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a nose-sided, in particular ogival, sacrificial section (15) and an adjoining penetration core (13), wherein a circumferential depression (21) is formed at the transition between the sacrificial section (15) and the penetration core (13) and/or on the penetration core (13), characterized in that the depression (21) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the direction of the projectile tail (33) in such a way that the penetration core (13) tapers at least in axial sections, in particular conically, on the nose-side after the separation of the sacrificial section (15).
6. Penetrator according to claim 5, wherein the recess (21) has two opposite recess flanks (23, 25) and one recess flank, preferably the recess flank on the ogival portion side, has an angle of less than 90° with respect to a longitudinal axis pointing from the sacrificial section (15) in the direction of the penetration core (13) and the other recess flank, preferably the recess flank on the penetration core side, has an angle of more than 90° with respect to a lateral surface of the penetration core (13) adjacent to the depression (21), wherein in particular the depression (21) is inclined in such a way that after separation of the sacrificial section (15) from the penetration core (13) the penetration core (13) essentially has a torpedo or arrow shape, in particular tapers on the nose-side.
7. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the indentation (21) or the notch has two circumferential indentation or notch flanks opening into a common indentation or notch base and the indentation or notch flank on the penetration core side is convexly curved at least in sections, and/or wherein the indentation (21) has two circumferential indentation or notch flanks opening into a common indentation or notch base, wherein the indentation or notch flanks are located at the radial height of a lateral surface of the sacrificial section (15) and/or of a lateral surface of the ogival section (15). notch base, the notch flanks having a distance of at least 2 mm from one another, measured in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, at the radial height of a lateral surface of the sacrificial section (15) and/or a lateral surface of the penetration core (13).
8. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or depression (21) is positioned approximately centrally with respect to an overall longitudinal extension of the projectile (3).
9. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or the depression (21) is located at a transition between penetration core (13) and sacrificial section (15), at which a diameter increase from the penetration core (13) to the sacrificial section (15) is accompanied, in particular with the formation of a step-shaped or continuously increasing shoulder, and/or wherein at least two notches or depressions (21) are distributed in particular evenly along the overall longitudinal extent of the projectile (3), wherein in particular the at least two notches or depressions (21) are of identical shape. at least two notches or depressions (21) are distributed in particular uniformly along the overall longitudinal extent of the projectile (3), the at least two notches or depressions (21) in particular being of identical shape.
10. Penetrator according to any one of the preceding claims, which is made of metal, such as steel, iron, hardened steel, hard metal or tungsten.
11. Penetrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or the depression (21) is positioned and/or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the notch or the depression (21) prevents shock waves from propagating from the sacrificial section (15) into the penetration core (13), and/or that when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the notch or the depression (21) prevents cracks introduced into the sacrificial section (15) from propagating into the penetration core (13), and/or that when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the notch or the depression (21) prevents cracks introduced into the sacrificial section (15) from propagating into the penetration core (13). the indentation, which acts in particular as a crack sink, prevents cracks introduced into the sacrificial section (15) from propagating into the penetration core (13), and/or when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the indentation or the indentation (21) prevents impulse transmission from the sacrificial section (15) into the penetration core (13), in particular reflects the impulses into the ogival section (15).
12. Ammunition (1), preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, comprising a projectile shoe (5) and a penetrator formed according to one of the preceding claims, preferably pressed into the projectile shoe (5).

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