EP3837407B1 - Modular system for a stair tower - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a modular system for constructing a statically independent stair tower, such as an escape staircase, a staircase attached in particular to the outside of a building, or an observation tower.

The 20 002 775 U1 relates to a stackable, statically self-supporting, floor-high elevator stairwell module in variable dimensions consisting of an elevator shaft, a stairwell and a corridor, which is designed as a frame skeleton construction made of steel, aluminum concrete or plastic, for example, using plug-in, screw-in or welding technology. Although the stairwell module offers a high degree of variability, it requires a lot of assembly work and can only be used inside the building.

The EN 10 2012 213 593 A1 describes a modular stair scaffold tower with a plurality of stair scaffold modules arranged one above the other and detachable from one another, with at least two modules arranged one above the other having a vertical post with an upper post end area and a lower post end area in each corner area of the module, an upper group of horizontal bars detachably connected to it in the upper post end areas of the vertical posts, a lower group of horizontal bars detachably connected to it in the lower post end areas of the vertical posts, and a stair unit with an upper end area and a lower end area, with the upper end area being detachably connected to a horizontal bar of the upper group of horizontal bars and the lower end area being detachably connected to a horizontal bar of the lower group of horizontal bars. The stair scaffold tower can be adapted to different construction situations and can be easily transported disassembled into its components. However, it requires a lot of assembly work when setting up and dismantling and, due to its design, exudes a construction site atmosphere.

EP1 780 162 A1 describes a modular system based on the "container construction" method for building a stair tower.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a stair tower which can be assembled and dismantled with relatively little effort, but which meets the highest aesthetic standards, particularly for long-term use.

• ein Grundmodul zur Ausbildung eines konstruktiven Anschlusses an ein bauseits zu erstellendes Fundament des Treppenturms,
• eine Anzahl an darauf stapelbaren und konstruktiv baugleichen Treppenmodulen und
• ein Abschlussmodul als oberen Abschluss der Treppe und des Treppenturms.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a modular system consisting of a plurality of stackable and statically self-supporting modules, each of which has a base area and a parallel top area with shell sections stretched between them. Staircases are arranged on the shell sections so that a statically independent stair tower can be created by stacking the modules on top of each other. The modular system includes

• a basic module for the formation of a structural connection to a foundation of the stair tower to be constructed on site,
• a number of stackable and structurally identical staircase modules and
• a final module as the upper end of the stairs and the stair tower.

The modules and in particular their casing sections consist of interconnected steel discs and have geometrically corresponding interfaces for structural coupling to one another.

The modular system according to the invention therefore comprises a plurality of room-enclosing modules, each of which contains a flight of stairs and can be stacked on top of one another to form a staircase. A flight of stairs is a part of a staircase that is made up of a plurality of steps, possibly with landings or platforms arranged in between. Not only the basic module, but also each staircase module has sufficient stability so that it can support the modules above it. This means that each staircase module can be used in any position within the staircase tower. This makes it easier to build the staircase tower because no special installation position of a staircase module has to be taken into account.

Each module is made up almost exclusively of disc elements. The stability of each module is based on the fact that its shell sections, steps, possible platforms, handrails, etc. are made of steel discs, which are preferably connected to one another by welding. The vertical stability of each module is largely the result of the rigidity of the shell discs or is based on their appropriate dimensioning. The structural and design ingenuity of the invention is also based on the fact that each module does not get its horizontal stability and rigidity from horizontally running disc or frame elements, particularly in the area of the cover or base area, but from the flight of stairs. Its construction and attachment to the shell surfaces represent an essential horizontal and torsional stiffening of the modules. The flight of stairs itself therefore makes a significant contribution to the overall load-bearing structure. The stair tower therefore does not require any dedicated frame elements, the manufacture of which is generally more complex than that of panels.

The invention therefore moves away from building a stair tower from a structurally solid shell and a flight of stairs built into it. Instead, it follows the principle of giving the flight of stairs itself a supporting role for the entire structure, making it an essential load-bearing support for the stair tower that not only supports itself and traffic loads.

At least every staircase module has a base surface and a cover surface that run parallel to each other. The term "surface" is to be understood purely geometrically, because neither the base surface nor the cover surface is closed, but rather the staircase runs through them with the air space above it. The basic module only has a cover surface, the end module only has a base surface. Each base surface and each cover surface each contains an interface at which the modules can be attached to each other by welding, screwing, riveting or the like. The interfaces are located on the base and cover surface side boundaries of the casing sections of a module.

The shell sections pointing outwards are called outer shell sections because they represent the outer boundary of the modules. Depending on the spatial design of the flights of stairs, the stair tower can have a stairwell. The stairwell is generally the clear opening or air space that is formed and enclosed by the flights of stairs and, if applicable, landings or landings. In the stair tower, a continuous space can thus be created across several modules. The stairwell can be completely or partially surrounded by a shell. The stair tower can therefore take the shape of a hollow cylinder, for example. The shell of the stairwell is therefore referred to as the inner shell section. The above interfaces can therefore be located both on the outer and - additionally or alternatively - on the inner shell sections.

The stair modules are therefore structurally identical at least insofar as they have corresponding and matching interfaces at which they can be coupled To enable a continuous staircase, the individual flights of stairs must be coordinated in such a way that they connect directly to one another when the modules are stacked. In the outer or inner shell sections, however, the modules can differ from one another, as will be explained in more detail below.

A foundation for the stair tower will usually have to be created on site, for example as a point or strip foundation on which the basic module rests. Depending on the subsoil, a paved surface may be sufficient as a foundation, on which, for example, a grating made of steel beams is placed, to which the basic module of the stair tower is connected. The grating can be manufactured together with the modules of the stair tower, attached to the basic module in sections and delivered with it. In this respect, at least part of the foundation can be part of the basic module.

The invention therefore follows the principle of offering several fully assembled modules as a kit for a stair tower that only need to be put together. In addition, at least the end module and each stair module are dimensioned so that they can be transported on the public road network without additional safety measures and can be loaded, unloaded and stacked using commonly available lifting equipment. It enables an independent, statically independent building or such a usage unit that is statically self-supporting and can also be variably adapted to a wide variety of requirements and circumstances.

Basically, the individual modules can be assumed to have a cuboid spatial shape. Beyond a rectangular shape in the floor plan, the spatial shape of the modules can be generally prismatic according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention. A prism is a body that is created by a parallel displacement of a flat polygon along a straight line in space that is not in the plane of the polygon. The polygon thus forms both the floor plan or the base area and the parallel top surface of each module and can also be, for example, a trapezoid, a parallelogram or a square. In addition, it can also be regularly or irregularly polygonal, for example, regularly hexagonal or in the shape of any polygon. Due to its diverse floor plan, the stair tower can be adapted to any geometry of its surroundings, in particular that of buildings or even unusual spatial situations. Particularly as an independent building, it also offers many design options.

The floor plan of each module is not limited to polygonal shapes. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spatial shape of the modules can take on a generally cylindrical shape. A general cylinder is a body that is created by a parallel displacement of a flat and closed curve along a straight line in space that is not in the plane of the curve. Mathematically speaking, even the above prism falls under this as soon as the flat curve represents a polygon. In any case, the closed curve forms both the floor plan or the base area and the parallel top surface of each module and can, for example, take on a circle, an oval, an ellipse or any other free form with both curves and corners. This offers further design options for adaptation to spatial conditions and/or for achieving a special aesthetic.

The stair tower can have a stairwell. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stairwell can have a shell made of one or more inner shell sections with a generally prismatic or cylindrical spatial shape as defined above. The spatial shape of the stairwell preferably corresponds to the spatial shape of the respective module. This makes it possible to achieve a constant stair width. Alternatively, the spatial shape of the stairwell can differ from that of the module, which can, for example, achieve a changing stair width and thus a special feeling of space.

The generally cylindrical spatial form, which also includes a prismatic one, includes both the normal case of a straight or vertical cylinder and an inclined cylinder. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the modules can be designed with shell sections that are inclined relative to a vertical axis of the stair tower. Alternatively or additionally, the shell sections can also be completely or partially concave or convex. This provides another design option for the modules of the stair tower, which, for example, creates special effects with light and shadow.

According to the above mathematical definition of a cylinder, it results from a displacement of a flat, closed curve along a straight line. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spatial shape of each module can result from the flat, closed curve not only being displaced, but also being rotated about an axis of rotation that is perpendicular to the plane of the curve. This means that the base and the top surface remain parallel to one another, but do not coincide in a plan view of the module. The axis of rotation required for this does not necessarily have to be in the geometric center of the base surface, but can even lie outside it. Structural and static reasons can limit the rotation. However, since the top surface of a lower module and the base surface of a module placed on top of it still correspond, modules with this spatial shape, which cannot be described in more detail geometrically, can also be stacked to form a staircase tower that is particularly sophisticated in terms of design.

Despite the considerable variety of variants for the design of the modules, the invention fulfills the consistent principle of constructing each stair module in an identical manner. The modular system therefore follows a principle of identical parts, which not only simplifies the assembly of the stair tower, but also the manufacture of the modules. Nevertheless, it offers a sophisticated aesthetic both through the diverse design options of the modules and through their variable assignment by twisting them to one another.

Another design option for the modules is the design of the outer and inner casing sections. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the casing sections of at least the stair modules can have openings. They can serve purely design purposes, but can also serve to ventilate, light or access the stair tower. Following the principle of identical parts above, they can be identical in each module or individual in each module, i.e. different in terms of shape, position and size.

The casing sections of each module define its circumference, the outer casing sections thus an outer circumference, the inner casing sections the inner circumference. The flights of stairs or the individual steps are attached to the casing sections. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a flight of stairs can only run over a partial section of the circumference of a module. This means that the start and the exit of the respective flight of stairs of a module are not adjacent to each other when viewed from above. connect, a running line from the lower start of the module's flight of stairs to its upper end is interrupted. Two such modules cannot be stacked on top of each other in the same horizontal alignment to create a continuous flight of stairs. Instead, the modules can be stacked on top of each other rotated by 180°, for example, if the flight of stairs only covers half the circumference of each module. Such a rotation is possible for all floor plans of a module that are doubly axially symmetrical, with the axes of symmetry perpendicular to each other. In addition to circular or square floor plans, this also includes elliptical or rectangular floor plans, for example.

Square floor plans, among other things, allow for a flight of stairs that only covers three-quarters of the module's circumference. To create a continuous flight of stairs, the square modules are stacked on top of each other, rotated by 90°. Together with a different design of the shell sections of the same module, this results in a varied and therefore aesthetically sophisticated overall impression of the resulting stair tower.

In the vertical direction, the casing sections take on the essential load-bearing effect. Therefore, the interfaces between the modules are formed on them. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a module with a stairwell can be designed with largely full-surface or closed-surface outer casing sections and partial inner casing sections around the stairwell or without inner casing sections. Partial inner casing sections can conventionally serve as an inner support for the steps and also as a handrail. They can therefore extend from the steps to the height of a handrail and leave the space above free. Together with the flight of stairs, they can thus form a spiral band around the stairwell and work to create a relaxed spatial effect within the stair tower and to ensure good lighting and ventilation. Alternatively, the inner casing sections can be omitted entirely, with the steps protruding inwards from the outer casing sections as cantilevers without an internal support. A net of steel cables can then surround the stairwell as a fall protection device, for example.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a module with a stairwell can be designed with largely closed-surface inner shell sections around the stairwell and partial outer shell sections or without outer shell sections. The outer partial shell sections can also form a handrail that spirals around the stair tower, visible from the outside. Without corresponding outer shell sections, the inner shell sections represent the load-bearing structure from which the steps protrude outwards like cantilevers, without being supported on a support on the outside. A steel cable net or steel grid can replace the outer shell sections, which gives the stair tower a particularly light and transparent impression.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a module with a square floor plan can have a central wall panel or a module with a round floor plan can have a rod or a tube instead of a stairwell. By eliminating the space required for a stairwell, a particularly compact module can be formed that can enable a stair tower to be created in confined spaces.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the modules can have gratings instead of solid steel discs. At least for the treads, industrially prefabricated and mass-produced elements can be used, which are inexpensive to obtain. In addition, inner or outer casing sections, at least sections of entire flights of stairs, handrails and risers can be made of gratings. In terms of their statics and processing, they can be treated largely like closed-surface steel discs. Their use enables good ventilation and lighting as well as a high level of transparency of the stair tower. Alternatively, plug-in metal or similar anti-slip metal surfaces can also be imagined, which are preferably industrially prefabricated and adapted or can be adapted. Another alternative can be steel frames or steel brackets that hold, for example, etched or screen-printed glass panes, wood or wood-like materials or imitation wood made of GRP. At least wood or imitation wood made of GRP alone can also statically replace a steel disc.

In principle, the basic module and the final module are constructed largely identically to the stair modules. After a further advantageous design According to the invention, the end module can comprise a flat platform instead of at least a section of a flight of stairs and/or be covered. The platform can serve as a viewing platform for a viewing tower or as a building connection for a stair tower. In both cases, a roof can be provided as weather protection.

The basic model also follows the structure of the staircase module. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can also include connection sections on the underside for a structural connection to a foundation when installed. For this purpose, outer and/or inner casing sections can be extended in order to offer connection options for a solid steel support frame, for example. Alternatively, suitably dimensioned tabs can protrude from the underside in order to integrate the basic module into a concrete foundation.

Figur 1:

eine Gesamtansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Treppenturms,

Figur 2:

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Treppenmoduls,

Figur 3:

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Treppenmoduls,

Figur 4:

eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Treppenmoduls,

Figur 5:

eine Ausführungsform eines Grundmoduls,

Figuren 6a bis 6f:

Beispiele für Grundrisse von Modulen, und

Figur 7:

einen Ausschnitt eines Treppenturms mit Modulen gemäß Figur 6f.

The principle of the invention is explained in more detail below using a drawing as an example. The drawing shows:

Figure 1:

an overall view of a stair tower according to the invention,

Figure 2:

a first embodiment of a staircase module,

Figure 3:

a second embodiment of a staircase module,

Figure 4:

a third embodiment of a staircase module,

Figure 5:

an embodiment of a basic module,

Figures 6a to 6f:

Examples of floor plans of modules, and

Figure 7:

a section of a stair tower with modules according to Figure 6f .

Figure 1 offers an overall view of a stair tower 1 according to the invention, comprising a base module 10, a terminal module 20 and a plurality of stair modules 30, 50 arranged in between. The base module 10 stands on a foundation grid 12, which will be shown in more detail later, and ensures that the stair tower is stable. The stair modules 30 stacked on top of it are all of the same construction and shape, but are arranged rotated by 90° around their vertical axis, so that the stair tower 1 has a varied outer shell. The terminal module 20 allows the stairs arranged inside the stair tower 1 to end in a concealed platform, which makes the stair tower 1 suitable as an observation tower.

The Figure 2 shows a first simplified embodiment of a stair module 30 in a perspective view. The stair module 30 is basically cuboid-shaped with a square base area 31, a square cover area 32 and four identical rectangular peripheral areas, the outer casing sections 33. A central stair eye 34 also has a square floor plan and is surrounded by four identical and rectangular peripheral areas, namely the inner casing sections 35. Both the outer casing sections 33 and the inner casing sections 35 extend over their entire surface from the base area 31 up to the cover area 32. The base area 31 and the cover area 32, on the other hand, only serve to describe the geometric spatial shape of the stair module 30, since no components of the stair module 30 correspond to them.

Between three of the four pairs of parallel outer casing sections 33 and inner casing sections 35, there is a straight flight of stairs consisting of three steps 36 and a square landing 37. Together, the three flights of stairs form a three-flight U-shaped staircase with three quarter landings with an entry 40 on the lowest step 36 and an exit 41 on the top of the three landings 37. Each step 36 consists of a horizontal tread 38 and a vertical riser 39. Instead of a riser 39, a transverse steel rod or similar can be used for safety reasons to reduce the clear distance between the steps 38 from, for example, 12 cm so that a child's head cannot fit between two steps.

On an upper edge 42 of the outer casing sections 33, which also delimits the cover surface 32, two rectangular tabs 43 are attached to the inside of the outer casing sections 33 in such a way that they protrude approximately halfway over the upper edge 42. The upper edge 42 and a lower edge 44 opposite it on the casing surfaces 33, 35 represent interfaces of the staircase module 30.

The stair module 30 is made entirely of steel. Each of the elements described above, in particular the outer casing sections 33, the inner casing sections 35 and the steps 36 and landings 37, consist of square or rectangular steel discs or plates that are welded together to form the stair module 30. The steel plates have largely the same thickness and simple outlines. Only six different disc-shaped components, namely four identically constructed outer 33 and inner casing sections 35, three platforms 37, nine treads 38 and risers 39 and eight tabs 43 together form the stair module 30. With its only six different and simple components, it fulfils a common parts principle that enables the manufacture of the stair module 30 and a large number of identical stair modules 30 very simply and cost-effectively.

The dimensions of the stair module 30 can be selected to suitably enable it to be transported by road without any problems, and to be loaded and assembled using light truck cranes. Several stair modules 30 are stacked on top of one another with their base surfaces 31 or cover surfaces 32 and welded together at their interfaces, the upper edges 42 of the lower stair module 30 and the lower edges 44 of the upper stair module 30. The tabs 43 enable the stair modules 30 to be placed precisely so that the outer almond sections 33 and the inner casing sections 35 are aligned with one another.

Because each flight of stairs within a stair module 30 only extends around three quarters of its circumference, the stair modules 30 are stacked rotated by 90° around their vertical axis. The exit 41 or the upper landing 37 of a lower stair module 30 then directly adjoins the start 40 of an upper stair module 30, so that the flights of stairs of the individual stair modules 30 form a continuous flight of stairs within the stacked stair modules 30. The identical and simple construction and relatively easy to transport stair modules 30 thus offer a simple way of quickly and inexpensively creating a stable staircase of considerable height.

This in Figure 2 The simplified staircase module 30 presented offers a variety of constructive and design options to adapt the staircase tower 1 to different space conditions on the one hand and aesthetic requirements on the other. Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a staircase module 50, which responds to static and design requirements with only minor structural changes.

The staircase module 50 comprises, in contrast to those according to Figure 2 two rectangular and vertically aligned openings 51 over the entire height of the staircase module 50, which are at the expense of outer casing sections 52. They are each at their Edges are arranged so that the outer casing sections 52 are just as high but narrower than the two other outer casing sections 33. The openings 51 therefore do not require any surrounding frame elements that are more complex to produce, but are created in a very simple construction in that the outer casing sections 52 - unlike the other outer casing sections 33 - do not cover the entire casing surface of the module 50, but leave sections of the casing surface free.

Vertical frames 53 are also attached to the inner surfaces of the outer casing sections 33, 52 in order to prevent the outer casing sections 33, 52 from buckling under the load of the stair modules 30, 50 above. They are only required if the height of the stair tower 1 exceeds a certain height and thus the total load on the lower modules 10, 30, 50 exceeds a limit value with regard to the buckling behavior of the overall shape. The buckling behavior of the casing sections 33, 52 in the individual modules 10, 30, 50 and in the overall shape of the stair tower 1 must be taken into account. At the upper edge 42 of the stair module 50, the frames 53 are extended on both sides by tabs 54 protruding beyond the edge 42 in order to enable a structural connection to the frames 53 of an overlying stair module 50.

Unlike in Figure 2 the stairwell 34 of the stair module 50 is surrounded by three inner casing sections 55. These also have a parallelogram shape. As a result, they form a handrail at their upper edge 56. In addition, the stairwell 34 is no longer completely enclosed, which results in a more spacious impression of space within the stair module 50.

The steps 36 consist exclusively of treads 38, thus dispensing with a vertical riser.

The openings 51, the absence of risers and the design of the inner casing surfaces 55 offer advantageous lighting and ventilation of the stair module 50. Through the generous openings 51, which may have to be provided with fall protection for traffic safety reasons, light can fall into the interior of the stair module 50, so that the flights of stairs, which are broken up due to the lack of risers, and the only partially covered stairwell 34 offer the user a much more transparent spatial experience.

The stair tower 1 according to Figure 1 consists essentially of stair modules 50. The specific arrangement of the openings 51 on the outer casing sections 33, 52 together with an assembly of the stair modules 50 one above the other at 90° gives the stair tower 1 a varied external appearance. At first glance, it does not suggest that the stair tower 1 between the basic module 10 and the end module 20 is composed exclusively of identically constructed stair modules 50.

The stair modules 30 according to Figure 2 and the staircase modules 50 according to Figure 3 carry the load of the staircase modules above them essentially via the outer casing sections 33, 52. In the third embodiment for a staircase module 60 according to Figure 4 In contrast, the casing of the stairwell 34, the inner casing sections 35, bear the load. They are like those in Figure 2 within a three-flight U-staircase with three quarter landings on a square floor plan. Deviating from this, but just like in Figure 3 waive the staircases according to Figure 4 on vertical risers. In contrast to the previous stair modules 30, 50, the outer casing sections 61 of the stair module 60 are not rectangular and do not take up the entire side surface of the stair module 60, but trace the course of the flights of stairs. They form what are essentially cheeks for fastening the steps 36 and the landings 37 and for forming a handrail on their upper edge 62. This gives the stair tower formed from them (not shown) a loose shell that directs a lot of light and air into the interior of the stair tower and offers a user orientation and a view in all directions at all times.

Figure 5 shows the basic module 10 associated with one of the stair modules 30, 50, 60 according to Figure 1 . In terms of construction, it largely follows the principle of the staircase module 50 in that it has two large outer casing sections 33 and two openings 51 in its smaller outer casing sections 52. In contrast, it has no inner casing sections that surround the stairwell 34. The steps 36 and the landings 37 are attached to the outer casing sections 33, 52 in a freely projecting manner - a principle that can also be used for staircase modules. For safety reasons, instead of the inner casing sections, a fall protection system made of a steel mesh net, for example, will be required, but this does not detract from the spacious impression of a free stairwell.

In addition, the base module 10 has an entrance opening 71 in the Figure 5 facing away from the outer shell section 33. It allows convenient access to the start of the flight of stairs of the basic module 10 and thus the access to the stair tower 1.

The outer casing sections 33, 52 have 4 differently designed connecting sections 72 on their lower edge. They serve to attach the base module 10 to the foundation grid 12. This is made up of longitudinal beams 14 and cross beams 16, which define a large contact area of the stair tower 1. For easy access, the foundation grid 12 is covered with gravel and/or covered with wooden planks. The connecting sections 72 are equipped in such a way that the outer casing sections 33, 52 can be welded to the longitudinal beams 14 and/or the cross beams 16.

The Figures 1 to 5 explain the principle of the invention using a stair tower 1 with a square floor plan and a three-flight U-staircase with three quarter landings of at least each stair module 30, 50, 60. The Figure 6a shows a floor plan of the stair modules 30, 50, 60. A running line 80 runs from the starting point 40 over the first flight of stairs, changes its direction by 90° clockwise on the first quarter landing 37 in order to reach the second quarter landing 37 via the second flight of stairs. There it changes its direction again by 90° clockwise in order to reach the third and uppermost quarter landing 37 after the third flight of stairs, where it changes its direction again by 90°. Accordingly, the arrangement of the flights of stairs and landings 37 requires the stair modules 30, 50, 60 to be rotated counterclockwise when assembling the stair tower 1, so that the start 40 of an upper stair module 30, 50, 60 can be reached from the exit 41 of the underlying stair module 30, 50, 60 via the third landing 37, thus resulting in a continuous staircase within the stair tower 1. The requirement for a rotation in the floor plan according to Figure 6a on the broken running line 80, whose beginning and end do not coincide in the floor plan.

It is easy to imagine that the above principle can also be implemented with other, often symmetrical, floor plans for modules. As an example, Figure 6d a hexagonal layout for a staircase module, which must be rotated by 60° relative to the lower module when stacked on top of each other. If a module according to Figure 6d If you only have four instead of five flights of stairs, the upper module would have to be rotated by 120° compared to the lower one.

With only three flights of stairs, a rotation of 180° would be necessary. In this respect, it would be possible to Figures 6b and 6e whose floor plans are only doubly axially symmetrical. The module according to Figure 6b has an angled staircase as a two-flight staircase with two quarter landings 37. With the same step dimensions, it overcomes a lower height than the staircase module according to Figure 6a . It can therefore be dimensioned lower, which can be advantageous for design or transport reasons. The module according to Figure 6e illustrates another design option, according to which the floor plan does not have to have right angles.

Figure 6c shows the floor plan of another rectangular module with a U-shaped staircase with two half landings. When stacking to form a stair tower, the module must be Figure 6c cannot be rotated relative to a lower module. Because in contrast to all previously shown floor plans, the floor plan according to Figure 6c a continuous running line 80. In principle, at least all staircase modules can be designed according to this principle if twisting of the modules when stacking is to be avoided or must be avoided. In another difference to all floor plans shown so far, the one according to Figure 6c does not have a stairwell, but rather a solid central stringer to which at least the steps 36 are attached on both sides. This construction principle can also be implemented for floor plans other than rectangular ones, for example to achieve a particularly compact structure.

The principle of the invention and the embodiments shown so far can also be applied to other floor plans not shown, for example parallelogram-shaped or triangular floor plans. This means that the stair towers can be adapted very flexibly to specific spatial or design requirements.

Of course, the design variants shown so far can also be applied to round or curved floor plans. A circular floor plan offers the most design freedom, allowing continuous staircases or staircases with landings in any circular division and any rotation of the cylindrical modules required in relation to each other. Elliptical floor plans are also not excluded. In addition, the stairwell can be designed as a hollow or solid spindle. The stairwell does not have to be circular in the floor plan, but for example polygonal with possible consequence for a defined twisting of modules stacked on top of each other. Without the need for twisting, almost any closed freeform with curves and corners can be chosen as floor plans for modules.

Figure 6f As an example of a round shape, an oval floor plan of a module is shown, the stairwell 34 of which is circularly formed by a single casing section 35. The different floor plan shape of the outer casing section 33 compared to the inner casing section 35 leads to a varying step width in the course of a flight of stairs. The inner cylindrical casing section 35 can take on the main load of the stair tower and also does not need to be in the center or center of gravity of the floor plan. Since the inner casing section 35 is circular, the correspondingly formed modules can be stacked on top of one another with a slight twist around the center of the stairwell 34. The inner cylindrical casing section 35 can provide the necessary interfaces between the modules for their coupling, whereby it is not excluded that outer casing sections 33 of modules lying on top of one another are also coupled to one another at their contact points. Overall, the surface of the stair tower is given a stepped profile, which structures it more horizontally, possibly through the resulting shadows.

A detail view of the stair tower according to Figure 7 illustrates this effect. Three staircase modules 83 with a floor plan according to Figure 6f are stacked on top of each other with a slight twist around the vertical axis of the inner shell section 35. The inner material section 35 of each stair module 83 is aligned with that of the stair module 83 above and below it. Due to the twisting, however, the outer material sections 33 are not aligned with each other, which results in steps 84 between them. When light hits them, they can lead to shadows on the stair module 83 below, which additionally structure the external view of the stair tower horizontally.

In addition to the floor plans, the elevation of each module also offers another design option. The shell sections do not have to have exactly vertical shell lines, but can be convex and/or concave or have other different shapes in the vertical direction. At least the outer shell sections of the stair modules of the same stair tower do not even have to be identical, as long as the cover surface of a lower module coincides with the base surface of an upper module. If, in addition, the inner shell section or sections 35 assume the essential load-bearing function, the base and cover surfaces do not even have to correspond completely.

Since the modules described above in detail are exemplary embodiments, they can be modified to a large extent by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the specific designs of the flights of stairs can also be in a different form to that described here, for example in a quarter-, half- or continuous spiral form, with warped steps or spiral entry and/or exit. The floor plan of the modules can also be designed in a different form if this is necessary for reasons of space or design reasons. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite articles "a" or "an" does not exclude the possibility that the features in question can also be present multiple times or multiple times.

List of reference symbols

1

Stair tower

10

Basic module

12

Foundation grid

14

Longitudinal beam

16

Cross member

20

Final module

30

Stair module

31

Floor space

32

Cover area

33

Outer mantle section

34

Stairwell

35

Inner shell section

36

Level

37

Podium

38

Step

39

Riser

40

Start

41

exit

42

upper edge

43

Tab

44

Bottom edge

50

Stair module

51

breakthrough

52

Outer mantle section

53

Frame

54

Tab

55

Inner shell section

56

upper edge

60

Stair module

61

Outer mantle section

62

upper edge

71

Entrance opening

72

Connection section

80

Running line

81

Middle cheek

83

Stair module

84

Paragraph

Claims (14)

1. Modular system consisting of a plurality of stackable, statically self-supporting modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83), each with a base surface (31) and a top surface (32) parallel thereto, with casing sections (33; 35; 52; 55; 61) spanned between them and flights of stairs arranged thereon to create a stair tower (1),

   - with a base module (10) for forming a structural connection to a foundation (12) of the stair tower (1),

   - with a number of staircase modules (30; 50; 60; 83) and

   - with an end module (20) as the upper end of the staircase and the stair tower (1),

   characterized in that the statistically self-supporting modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83) are formed from steel discs and have geometrically corresponding interfaces (42; 44) for constructive coupling to one another.
2. Modular system according to claim 1, characterized by a generally prismatic spatial shape of the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60).
3. Modular system according to claim 1, characterized by a generally cylindrical spatial shape of the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83).
4. A modular system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a staircase eye (34) having an envelope with a generally prismatic or cylindrical spatial shape.
5. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, with inclined and/or curved casing sections of the modules relative to a vertical axis of the stair tower (1).
6. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a rotation of the base surface and the top surface relative to each other about a perpendicular axis.
7. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, having circumferential outer casing sections (33) of the modules (10; 50), characterized by apertures (51; 71) in the casing surfaces (33; 52) of at least the staircase modules (50).
8. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a flight of stairs, which extends over a partial section of the circumference of the module (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83).
9. Modular system according to one of the above claims, having a module (10; 50) with a staircase eye (34), characterized by a closed-surface outer casing section (33) and partial-surface inner casing sections (55) around the staircase eye (34) or free of inner casing sections.
10. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 7 with a module (60) with a staircase eye (34), characterized by a closed-surface inner casing section (35) around the staircase eye (34) and partial-surface outer casing sections (62) or free of outer casing sections.
11. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 7, characterized by at least one central wall plate (81) or a central tube instead of a staircase eye.
12. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized by gratings as steel discs.
13. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end module (20) comprises a flat platform and/or is covered instead of a section of a flight of stairs.
14. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the basic module (10) is designed essentially like a staircase module and additionally comprises connection sections (72) for a structural connection to the foundation (12).

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