EP3814611A1 - Procede et dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de conversion d'energie thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3814611A1 EP3814611A1 EP19744766.7A EP19744766A EP3814611A1 EP 3814611 A1 EP3814611 A1 EP 3814611A1 EP 19744766 A EP19744766 A EP 19744766A EP 3814611 A1 EP3814611 A1 EP 3814611A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- fluid
- energy
- stream
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K1/00—Steam accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/04—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
- F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
- F01K3/186—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using electric heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of heat recovery technologies, in particular industrial waste heat.
- the invention relates in particular to a process for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, then, preferably, into electrical energy and / or into cooling energy.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing this method.
- Fatal heat is the residual heat from a process and not used by it (smoke, drying mist, exhaust from a heat engine, %)
- the sources of fatal heat are very diverse. These can be energy production sites (nuclear power plants), industrial production sites, tertiary buildings that are all the more emitters of heat as they are heavy consumers of them such as hospitals, transportation networks in closed location, or disposal sites such as thermal waste treatment units.
- Fatal heat represents a deposit of around 50% of world energy consumption, all areas combined.
- patent application WO2012089940A2 describes a device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy comprising:
- the first path being thermally coupled to the second path so as to heat the first fluid between each expansion
- a mixing device connected to the first outlet from the chamber and to the second outlet of the steam generator and configured so as to mix the first fluid in vapor form with a heat transfer fluid to obtain a double phase mixture.
- the heat transfer fluid is heated by means of solar energy collection.
- the heat transfer fluid is for example oil while the first fluid is a thermodynamic flow, for example water or a water / glycerol mixture.
- This double phase mixture is a flow of heat transfer fluid in the form of oil droplets and of thermodynamic fluid in the form of water vapor, at high temperature.
- the kinetic energy of this flow is transformed into mechanical energy by means of a turbine of the Pelton turbine type, driving an electric alternator.
- the oil / water mixture is recovered at the turbine outlet and the 2 fluids are separated, which are then reused in this energy conversion from heat to mechanical energy and then into electricity.
- the heat transfer fluid is heated by a solar concentrator and then contributes to the transformation into vapor of the thermodynamic fluid then to the heating of the thermodynamic fluid between each expansion.
- This method and this device according to W02012089940A2 are not specifically adapted to the transformation into electrical energy of thermal energy originating from waste heat, which can have a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the performance of this known method and device can be improved in particular in terms of energy efficiency and extension of the range of electrical powers generated.
- the present invention aims to satisfy at least one of the objectives set out below.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved process for converting thermal energy, preferably waste heat, into mechanical energy, and, preferably into electrical energy and / or into cooling energy, the desired improvement consisting of an improvement in the energy efficiency of the conversion.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved process for converting thermal energy from a waste heat source into mechanical energy and, preferably into electrical energy and / or into cooling energy, the improvement research consisting of adaptability of the process to sources of waste heat whose temperature varies over a wide range.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved process for converting thermal energy, preferably waste heat, into mechanical energy, and preferably into electrical energy and / or into cooling energy, which is economical in terms of production and maintenance.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention to provide an improved process for converting thermal energy, preferably waste heat, into mechanical energy, and, preferably into electrical energy and / or into cooling energy, which is suitable for environmental constraints.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an industrial, reliable, efficient, economical and robust device for the implementation of the process as referred to in one of the above objectives.
- FF fatal fluid
- thermodynamic fluid FT thermodynamic fluid
- FC heat transfer fluid
- the thermal energy to be converted from the fluid FF is transferred to the flow f t0 of the fluid FT to generate a flow f 1 , the temperature of which is higher than that of the flow f 10 , the fluid FT of the flow f * being:
- the flow faries is heated, to vaporize it so that its vapor content is greater than or equal to 0.9; preferably 0.95;
- this method comprises the implementation of at least one FT circulation loop and at least one FC circulation loop;
- IMA Injector-Mixer-Accelerator
- the FT circulation loop comprising at least one heat exchanger between FT (step V, even VI) and FF, at least one FT condenser and at least one pump for circulating FT in this loop;
- FC circulation loop comprising a heat exchanger between FC (step II) and FF and at least one FC circulation pump in this loop.
- thermokinetic conversion technique which is economical, reliable, efficient, eco-compatible and with improved yield.
- This system has a low investment and maintenance cost.
- the method comprises, for the implementation of step VII, the choice of a ratio Rd of the mass flow rate of the FT fluid over the total mass flow rate of the FC fluid and of the FT fluid, is between 1 and 20%, preferably between 3 and 18%, and more preferably still between 5 and 15%.
- the thermal energy to be converted is contained in a fatal fluid FF, of which a part of the calories is transferred first to FC (step II), and of which another part of the calories is then transferred to FT for its heating and, preferably, for its vaporization (steps V and VI).
- the temperature of FF at the outlet of the FC and FT heating exchangers can be advantageously adapted, before FF is evacuated outside.
- FF when FF is loaded with solid particles, FF is discharged outside, preferably, after having been subjected to an extraction treatment of these solid particles by filtration, which imposes a maximum temperature of FF, in order to do not degrade the filters (typically ⁇ 200 ° C).
- the final temperature of the FF is adapted to the filtration constraints, if necessary, before its evacuation to the outside and / or to the constraints corrosion, because it is possible to optimally size the heat exchangers used in this process, and in particular the temperature of FF at the outlet of the FF / FT exchanger for heating FT.
- the temperature of the fluid FF at the end of steps II, V or even VI is between 100 and 200 ° C and more preferably still, between 180 ° C and 200 ° C.
- the injection of the flow f * of the thermodynamic fluid FT into a GIMA injection enclosure is done at a speed of between 40 and 300 m / s, preferably between 50 and 150 m / s and, more preferably still, between 60 and 100 m / s.
- the flow f * is preferably accelerated and expanded in at least one chamber of suitable profile, preferably in a nozzle.
- step VIII the flow f * is subjected, during at least one step (VIN 0 ) of pre-acceleration by expansion, preferably quasi-isothermal or polytropic, of the flow f 1 , in at least a chamber of suitable profile, preferably in a nozzle; this step (VIN 0 ) being advantageously implemented in the same chamber of suitable profile as that of step (VIII).
- FT is an aqueous liquid, preferably chosen from the group comprising - ideally consisting of - water, glycerol and their mixtures.
- FC is chosen from vegetable or mineral oils, preferably from oils immiscible with water and / or having a varnish onset temperature greater than or equal to 200 ° C., preferably at 300 °. C, and, more preferably still among vegetable oils; FC being ideally chosen from the group comprising -ideally composed of-: castor oil and / or olive oil.
- the fatal fluid FF initially has a temperature greater than or equal to 200 ° C and preferably greater than or equal to 300 ° C, and / or is chosen from gaseous fluids and, more preferably still, in the group comprising - ideally composed of: hot air, water vapors, engine exhaust gases, fumes, in particular industrial fumes, flame heat and dryer heat, or among the liquid fluids (eg. as is the case in concentrated solar installations).
- the operating pressure Pf 1 (in bars) of the flow f * before injection during step VII and after compression of the flow f t0 ° of FC in step XIV, is such that - in increasing order of preference- :
- Pf c0 and Pf ' are the same or different, preferably the same;
- the pressure Pf c1 / * of the flow f c1, t after step IX of conversion of the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, in bars and in an increasing order of preference, is such: pf c - i / i ⁇ 2; 0.3 ⁇ Pf c1 / t ⁇ 1.5; around 1 bar (atmospheric pressure).
- the size of the FC droplets making up the fragmented flow generated in step (III) is between 100 and 600 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 and 400 ⁇ m.
- the present invention relates to a simple and effective device, in particular for the implementation of the method according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises at least one circulation loop for FT and at minus one HR circulation loop,
- IMA Injector-Mixer-Accelerator
- the FT circulation loop comprising at least one heat exchanger between FT (step V, even VI) and FF, at least one FT condenser and at least one pump for circulating FT in this loop;
- FC circulation loop comprising a heat exchanger between FC (step II) and FF and at least one FC circulation pump in this loop.
- GIMA comprises at least one mixer with nozzles of the flow f c0 fragmented and of the flow f 'in the form of vapor.
- GIMA advantageously comprises at least one acceleration nozzle connected to the outlet of the mixer (s).
- the converter of the accelerated flow f c1 / t into mechanical energy is constituted by at least one turbine, preferably an action turbine.
- the transformer of mechanical energy into electrical energy consists of at least one alternator and / or at least one generator
- the transformer of mechanical energy into refrigerating energy consists of at least one refrigerating machine comprising at least one compressor comprising at least one shaft capable of being rotated by a source of mechanical energy.
- this transformer of mechanical energy into refrigeration energy consists of at least one direct drive from the compressor shaft of the refrigeration machine.
- the mixer is a nozzle mixer which comprises:
- the FT inlet duct comprising an internal and axial segment relative to the mixing chamber, this internal and axial segment being provided with at least one terminal FT ejection nozzle, which has an FT outlet orifice disposed in the vicinity of the smaller end portion of the converging mixing chamber;
- FC inlet pipe communicating with a plurality of FC ejection nozzles which are distributed around the periphery of the internal and axial FT inlet segment, and which comprises FC outlet orifices upstream of the orifice exit from FT;
- the internal and axial segment of the FT intake duct preferably being equipped with an acceleration member, advantageously formed by a venturi.
- thermodynamic fluid FT fluid at least partially vaporizable by means of the calories of thermal energy to be converted and coming from the fatal fluid FF
- heat transfer fluid FC liquid fluid capable of absorbing the calories of thermal energy to be converted and coming from the fatal fluid FF, without entirely passing into the gaseous state;
- the "appearance temperature of a varnish” is the temperature from which there is a change in the viscosity characteristics of the oil, in particular a marked increase in viscosity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system according to the invention which includes the method with its operating methods and the device with its constituent elements.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram of the system according to the invention showing the flows of thermodynamic fluid FT and of heat transfer fluid FC at different places in the device and at different times of the process.
- FIG. 2B is an entropy diagram of the temperature T of the thermodynamic fluid FT as a function of the entropy S, corresponding to the system of FIG. 2 A.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram of a double expansion variant of the system according to the invention showing the flows of thermodynamic fluid FT and of heat transfer fluid FC at different places in the device and at different times of the process.
- FIG. 3B is an entropy diagram of the temperature T of the thermodynamic fluid FT as a function of the entropy S, corresponding to the system of FIG. 3A.
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of the injector-mixer-accelerator (IMA) according to a first embodiment.
- IMA injector-mixer-accelerator
- Figure 5 is a schematic view in partial section of the turbine and the alternator of the device shown in Figures 1 & 2A.
- Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates the principle and the means of the system according to the invention for converting thermal energy into mechanical and then electrical energy.
- the block -1- symbolizes a fatal heat source contained in a fatal fluid (FF). It may, for example, be an industrial smoke-emitting (FF) process.
- FF temperature T °
- FF temperature T 1
- FF temperature T 2
- FF temperature T 2
- This treatment is, for example, filtration carried out by means of 'a bag filter.
- FF cleared of at least part of the solid elements is evacuated by the pipe 2 3 to a chimney 6 which releases FF into the ambient air.
- the device symbolized in FIG. 1 also includes an injector-mixer-accelerator (IMA) 10ii producing a mixed and accelerated double phase flow f c1 / t , a 1 1 iii converter of the kinetic energy of the mixed and accelerated double phase flow f c1 / t , into mechanical energy, and a transformer 12iv of this mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- IMA injector-mixer-accelerator
- the converter 1 1 iii is for example a Pelton type action turbine and the transformer 12iv, an electric generator.
- FC a fluid circulation loop FC and a fluid circulation loop FT.
- FC loop includes:
- a coil 32 seat of the transfer of calories from FF to FC (as an alternative to the coil, it is possible to implement an exchanger operating according to another technology, for example: smoke tube, plates, etc.);
- FC and FT separator comprising a capacity 13v and disposed at the outlet of the turbine 11 iii a line 34 of recovery / recycling of FC, connected to the separation capacity 13v; a pump 35 for circulating FC,
- this pump 35 being connected, on the one hand, to the separation capacity 13v by the pipe 34, and, on the other hand, to the exchanger 3i, by the pipe 31.
- the FT loop includes:
- a coil 42 seat of the transfer of calories from FF to FC (as an alternative to the coil, it is possible to implement an exchanger operating according to another technology, for example: smoke tube, plates, etc.);
- this pump 47 being connected, on the one hand, to the condenser 45 by the pipe 46, and, on the other hand, to the exchanger 4i, by the pipe 41.
- FT is advantageously selected from the group comprising: water, glycerol, and their mixtures.
- FC is advantageously selected from vegetable or mineral oils, immiscible with water, for example castor oil and / or olive oil.
- the fatal FF fluid is constituted eg by fumes.
- FT is, for example, water identified by the references e1 to e6
- FC is, for example, castor oil, identified by the references h1 to h3
- the fumes FF are identified by the references f1 to f3.
- a liquid flow f 0 of oil h1 at the temperature Th1, for example between 200 and 350 ° C, and at a pressure Ph1 travels in the line 34, thanks at the oil pump 35 circulating f °°, then a liquid flow f c0 of oil h2 at a pressure Ph2 higher than Ph1, reaches the oil inlet of the heat exchanger 3i fumes f1 / oil h2 , via line 31.
- the fumes f1 enter the exchanger via another inlet, and preferably against the flow of the liquid stream f c0 .
- the operating pressure Pf c0 (in bars) of the flow f c0 before the pulverization of step III and after the compression of the flow f c0 of FC in step XII is for example between 10 and 20 bars.
- the flow f c0 of oil h3 heated in step (II) is collected at the outlet of the exchanger 3i via the pipe 33, at the temperature Th3> Th1 & Th2, for example between 200 and 350 ° C, then enters in IMA 10ii.
- the speed V of the flow f c0 is, for example, between 10 and 20 m / s.
- the IMA 10ii includes a fragmenter which transforms this liquid liquid flow of oil h3 into a mist of droplets h3.
- the size of these droplets is for example between 200 and 400 ⁇ m.
- a liquid flow f t0 of water e1 travels in the pipe 46, thanks to the water pump 47 for circulation of f t0 , then a liquid flow f t0 of water e2, at a temperature Te2, for example between 40 and 80 ° C, lower than Te cond , reaches the water inlet of the heat exchanger 4i fumes f2 / water e2, through line 41.
- the operating pressure Pf ′ (in bars) of the flow f ′ before spraying in step III and after the compression of the flow f t0 ° of FC in step XIV is for example identical to Pf c0 and between 10 and 20 bars.
- the stream f * of water e3 heated in step (V) and at least partly made up of steam, is collected at the outlet of the exchanger 4i by the pipe 43, at the temperature Te3> Tel & Te2, for example included between 180 and 250 ° C, then enters the IMA 10ii.
- Te3 advantageously corresponds to the evaporation temperature Te vap of the FT, in this case water.
- the speed V of the flow f ‘of steam is, for example, between 60 and 100 m / s.
- step (VI) of heating the stream f ‘of water e3 stream f‘, to vaporize it so that its vapor content is greater than or equal to 0.9; preferably at 0.95, is achieved by a suitable dimensioning of the exchanger 4i.
- step (III) • from step (III) of spraying the stream f c0 heated in step (II) to generate a stream f c1 fragmented with droplets of fluid FC, in this case oil; • of step (VII) of injecting the flow f * into at least one enclosure also receiving the flow f c1 of fluid FC, to form a mixed biphasic flow f c1 / t e3m;
- This acceleration increases the speed of the flow f c1 mixed with the flow f ', from 10 to 20 m / s, at a speed Vf c1 / t greater than or equal to 100 m / s, for example between 120 and 140 m / s.
- This biphasic mixed flow f c1 / t e3m becomes the accelerated biphasic mixed flow f c1 / t e4.
- FIG. 2B which represents the cycle described by the flow f 'of steam e3 between the hot source and the cold source in the space T temperature and S entropy, shows that the expansion of step (VII) is an isothermal expansion until the flow f * of vapor and the fragmented flow f c1 are mixed, which induces an almost isothermal expansion up to the flow f c1 / t e3m.
- step (VIII) of acceleration and relaxation of the two-phase mixed flow f c1, t corresponds to step (VIII) of acceleration and relaxation of the two-phase mixed flow f c1, t .
- step (X) Before the separation of step (X), the flow f c1 / t e4 which has become e5 and released from a large part of its kinetic energy, is characterized by a pressure pf c1 / t approximately equal to or equal to atmospheric pressure.
- step (X) After the separation of step (X), the flow f c1 / t e5 is divided into a flow f t10 ° e6 and into a flow f 0 h1. f c1, t and f t10 ° are recovered separately according to step (XI).
- step (XII) it is compressed and the circulation speed is increased by f 0 .
- the flow f t0 ° of water vapor e6 sees its temperature drop to reach the temperature Tel of the flow f t0 at least in part of liquid water e1, during the condensation step according to step (XIII).
- step (XIV) it is compressed and the circulation speed is increased by f t0 .
- the relaxation of the flow f * in the enclosure also receiving the flow f c1 of fluid mist FC generates a trumpet effect caused by a motor flow, namely the flow f 'of FT, on an aspirated flow, namely the flow f c1 of FC.
- This horn effect is determined by the configuration of the I ⁇ MA 10ii mixing enclosure.
- this involves performing a step (VIII 0 ) of pre-acceleration of the flow f 'by expansion, preferably polytropic, of the flow f
- FIG. 3A shows the diagram of the system according to this "double trigger" variant.
- the present invention relates to a device in particular for implementing the method according to the invention.
- This device includes:
- it is an expansion nozzle whose profile is optimized to accelerate the speed of the FT vapor flow.
- the mixer (s) 10M included in the IMA 10ii can be a mixer (s) in which the fragmenter is a nozzle fragmenter and / or any other device known per se comprising a suitable fragmenter.
- Fluid speed speed of sound in the middle.
- the nozzle mixer preferably comprises:
- the mixing chamber 50 has in this embodiment a general shape of a warhead, provided with an upstream wall 53, a longitudinal wall 54, and a downstream end portion 55 of convergence.
- the upstream wall 53 is connected to the duct 51 for admitting FT into the interior of the mixing chamber 50.
- a nozzle holder 56 connects the intake duct 51 to a terminal nozzle 57 for ejecting the flow f * of vapor e3i in the enclosure 58 of the mixing chamber 50.
- the nozzle holder 56 comprises in its terminal part a nozzle 57 making it possible to carry out the step (VI II) of acceleration and expansion of the flow f *, preferably almost isothermal or by polytropic defect, of the flow f 'of vapor e3 (FIG. 3A) so as to obtain the flow f 'of e3i vapor ejected.
- the nozzle holder 56 is an internal and axial segment with respect to the mixing chamber.
- the FT terminal ejection nozzle 57 has an outlet orifice 57 s for the flow f ′ of vapor e3, disposed in the vicinity of the smaller end portion of the converging conical chamber 50.
- the pipe 52 for admitting the f °° flow of FC into the mixing chamber 50 extends in a direction orthogonal to the duct 51 for admitting the flow f * of FT.
- This pipe 52 opens into a circular pre-chamber 60 located in the upstream part of the warped chamber 50.
- This pre-chamber 60 distributes the flow ° of FC a set of nozzles 61, 62 peripherals distributed homogeneously around the nozzle holder 56, according to 2 levels, a central upstream level: nozzles 62 and a downstream peripheral level: nozzles 61.
- These nozzles 61, 62 whose outlet ports of FC are upstream of the outlet port 57 s of the flow f ′ of FT, produce the mist of FC droplets (flow f 1 ) in the enclosure 58 of the chamber 50 mixture.
- the downstream end portion 55 of convergence of the mixing chamber 50 is secured to the longitudinal wall 54 of this mixing chamber 50, by means of an upstream system of flanges and bolts designated by the general reference 63 in FIG. 4.
- a circular seal 64 is placed between this downstream end portion 55 and the longitudinal wall 54.
- Another downstream system 66 of flanges and bolts allows the downstream end portion 55 to be secured to the ogive chamber 50 to a conduit d 'acceleration 67.
- the latter consists of a nozzle (of which only the upstream part and shown in Figure 4), collects the mixed biphasic flow f c1 / t (referenced e3m in Figure 3A) to make it undergo an acceleration.
- the nozzles 61 and 62 which are for example and in this case those which have an end portion in helical shape ("corkscrew").
- the nozzle holder 56 with an upstream constriction 59, as well as the acceleration nozzle 67 are also parts known in themselves and suitable for exercising the acceleration function of vapor fluid or biphasic vapor / oil.
- the end of the outlet orifice 57 s of the terminal ejection nozzle 57 is placed at a distance d from the upstream terminal part of the inlet of the acceleration duct 67 of diameter D, such that: D £ d £ 3D, preferably 1.5D ⁇ d ⁇ 2.5D.
- the ogival convergent structure of the mixing chamber 50 the relative positioning of the nozzle 57 downstream of the nozzles 61/62 makes it possible to generate a proboscis effect by which the flow f * of FT is a motive fluid which entrains the aspirated fluid constituted by the mist of fluid droplets FC (oil) flow f
- This probing effect makes it possible to reduce the pressure at the outlet of the pump 35 of the FC fluid and therefore to reduce the power consumed.
- Pelton type turbine such as that described in PCT patent application WO2012 / 089940A2, in particular in the figures of 3 and 4 and in the corresponding parts of the description.
- the kinetic energy converter 1 1 iii comprises a heat-insulated enclosure 150 formed by two half-shells 152 domed in an elliptical shape advantageously welded to two flanges 154.
- the welding of the two half-shells 152 forms a sealed enclosure 150 of axis B substantially vertical and perpendicular to the axis A of the injector 151.
- the bottom of the enclosure 150 forms, for example, the reservoir of heat transfer fluid FC (oil) where it is collected after passing through the converter 1 1 iii, as this will be described later.
- a tank 155 is arranged inside the enclosure 150.
- This tank 155 is formed by a bottom 156 of substantially frustoconical or funnel-shaped shape and by a wall 157 of substantially cylindrical shape extending from from the bottom 156, the bottom 156 and the wall 157 extending along the axis B.
- a cylindrical action wheel 158 is rotatably mounted on the tank 155 by means of a shaft 159 extending along the axis B substantially vertical.
- the action wheel 158 is arranged opposite the injector 20 so that the jet injected by the latter drives the action wheel 158 and the shaft 159 in rotation so as to transform the axial kinetic energy of the jet into energy kinetics of rotation of the shaft 159.
- the action wheel 158 is disposed in the enclosure 150.
- the action wheel 158 comprises a plurality of blades 160 extending substantially radially and having a concave shape.
- the concavity 161 of the blades 160 is turned towards the injector 151 so that the injected jet coming from the injector reaches said concavities 161 and causes the rotation of the wheel 158.
- the concavity of the blades 160 has an asymmetrical shape with respect to a axis C passing through the bottom 162 of the concavities and substantially perpendicular to these concavities, that is to say substantially parallel to the axis A situated above the axis C. This asymmetry determines for each blade 160 an upper part 163 extending above the C axis and a lower part 164 extending below the C axis.
- the upper part 163 and the lower part 164 have radii of curvature and different lengths.
- the radius of curvature of the lower part 164 is greater than the radius of curvature of the upper part 163, while the length of the lower part 164 is greater than the length of the upper part 163.
- the injector 151 is arranged to inject the jet on the upper part 163 of the blades 160.
- the position of the injection of the jet on the blades 160 as well as the particular shape of these make it possible to lengthen the path of the jet in the vanes 160 and to improve the stratification of this jet at the outlet of the vanes, which allows the subsequent separation of the heat transfer fluid and the gas at high temperature.
- the exit angle of the jet of the blades 160 that is to say the angle formed between the tangent at the end of the lower part of the blade and the horizontal axis C, is substantially between 8 ° and 12 ° so that the jet leaving the blade 160 has a greater kinetic energy than in a conventional Pelton turbine where the angle of exit of the blades is substantially between 4 ° and 8 °. This additional kinetic energy improves the separation of the heat transfer fluid and the gas at high temperature.
- the jet enters a deflector 165 extending under the blades 160 and arranged to redirect the fluid received towards the wall 157 of the tank 155.
- the deflector 165 makes it possible to stratify the mixture of the heat transfer fluid and the high temperature gas, as shown in Figure 4 of W02012 / 089940A2.
- the deflector 165 more particularly represented in FIG.
- W02012 / 089940A2 has a shape arranged to recover the mixture leaving the wheel 158 in a substantially vertical direction and to continuously redirect this mixture in a substantially horizontal direction, as shown in Figure 4 of W02012 / 089940A2, so that it comes out of the deflector 165 tangentially to the wall 157 of the tank 155, that is to say that the mixture leaves the deflector 165 along the wall 157 of the tank 155.
- the deflector 165 comprises at least one inlet opening 166 of the mixture of heat transfer fluid and high temperature gas at the outlet of the drive wheel 158, said opening extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis B of the wheel 158, that is to say a substantially horizontal plane, and an outlet opening 167 for the mixture, said opening extending in the vicinity of the wall 157 of the tank 155 and in a substantially vertical plane.
- the inlet opening 166 and the outlet opening 167 are connected to each other by an envelope 168 having a curved shape, as shown in FIG. 3 of WO2012 / 089940A2.
- internal walls extend inside the casing 168 substantially parallel to the latter so as to define channels for circulation of the mixture in the envelope and to separate several inlet openings and a corresponding number of outlet openings.
- the separation of the heat transfer fluid and the high temperature gas begins in the vanes 160 by centrifuging the mixture due to the shape of the vanes 160. Passing through the deflector 165, the rest of the mixture is laminated and passes continuously from a flow in the direction of exit of the wheel 158 to a flow tangential to the wall 157 of the tank 155, as shown in Figure 4 of W02012 / 089940A2. This tangential flow causes a centrifugation of the mixture, due to the cylindrical shape of the wall 157, which makes it possible to complete the separation of the high temperature gas and the heat transfer fluid by cyclone effect.
- the separation of the mixture is carried out optimally so that the heat transfer fluid and the high temperature gas are more than 98% separated.
- the fact of providing an action wheel 158 in rotation about a substantially vertical axis B makes it possible to create the cyclone effect on the wall of the tank, because it is possible to place a deflector 165 reorienting the mixture adequately.
- the energy converter comprises several injectors 151, for example six, as in a conventional Pelton turbine and an equal number of deflectors 165.
- the heat transfer fluid is entrained towards the bottom of the tank 155 by gravity, while the high temperature gas, formed by steam, moves towards the top of the enclosure 150.
- the upper part of the enclosure 150 comprises means 169 for recovering the high temperature steam flow f * separated from the heat transfer fluid FC.
- the flow f 1 high temperature steam leaves the enclosure by these recovery means 169 and circulates in the rest of the installation as will be described later.
- the bottom 156 of the tank 155 includes means for recovering 170 the heat transfer fluid, so that it passes into the tank 171 out of the tank 157.
- These recovery means 170 are for example formed by flow holes made in the bottom 156 of the tank 155 and communicating between the tank 155 and the bottom of the enclosure 150.
- the recovered heat transfer fluid is used in particular to lubricate at least one bearing with a smooth stop 70 of the hydrodynamic type by means of which the shaft 159 of the drive wheel 158 is rotatably mounted on the bottom 156 of the tank 155.
- the smooth stop bearing 172 is immersed in the heat transfer fluid recovered by the recovery means 173.
- Such a bearing 172 makes it possible to rotate the shaft 159 at high speed in a high temperature environment with a long service life, unlike the classic ball bearings.
- the installation of the bearing 172 inside the enclosure 150 makes it possible to have no leakage problem and to avoid heat carrier leaks which could be dangerous.
- the converter 1 1 iii comprises two smooth stop bearings 172.
- a circulation pump 173 of heat transfer fluid FC (oil), for example of the volumetric type, is mounted on the shaft 159 by means of a constant velocity joint 174.
- This pump is connected to an outlet pipe 175 connecting the inside of the enclosure 150 to the outside and allowing the heat transfer fluid to circulate to the rest of installation 1.
- the circulation pump 72 is arranged to draw the heat transfer fluid FC from the reservoir 171 and to inject it into the outlet pipe 175.
- the circulation pump is devoid of a drive motor since its actuation is ensured by the rotation of the shaft 159 of the action wheel 158 driven by the jet injected by the injector 151.
- the shaft 159 of the action wheel 158 leaves the enclosure 151 by means of a piston 184 arranged to seal between the interior of the enclosure 151 and the outside the enclosure 151, for example a Swedish piston.
- the shaft 159 rotates the rotor of the alternator 12iv, advantageously of the permanent magnet type.
- This alternator 12iv makes it possible to transform the kinetic energy of rotation of the shaft 159 into electrical energy.
- the 12iv alternator is cooled, at its air gap, by a fan 180 mounted on its rotor and by a water circulation pipe, forming the cooling cylinder head 181, which sheaths its stator.
- the water supplying the cooling cylinder head 181 comes from a water supply source and is brought to the cylinder head by a positive displacement pump 182 actuated by the shaft 159 by means of a reduction gear 183.
- the pump 108 is without actuating motor.
- the refrigerating cylinder head 181 is used for cooling the alternator 12iv and for preheating the water, as described above.
- the flow f ′ of water vapor collected by the recovery means 169 provided in the enclosure 151 of FIG. 5 is cooled by a condenser 45 to be transformed into a flow f ′′ of thermodynamic fluid FT (water) liquid before d 'be recycled.
- It can be, for example, an air cooler type condenser or an exchanger, the secondary of which is supplied with water at a temperature below 60 ° C. (river, canal, etc.).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1855910A FR3083261B1 (fr) | 2018-06-28 | 2018-06-28 | Procede et dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique, de preference de chaleur fatale, en energie mecanique, et, eventuellement en energie electrique et/ou en energie frigorifique |
PCT/FR2019/051550 WO2020002818A1 (fr) | 2018-06-28 | 2019-06-25 | Procede et dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3814611A1 true EP3814611A1 (fr) | 2021-05-05 |
EP3814611C0 EP3814611C0 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
EP3814611B1 EP3814611B1 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
Family
ID=63722560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19744766.7A Active EP3814611B1 (fr) | 2018-06-28 | 2019-06-25 | Procédé et dispositif de conversion d'énergie thermique |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11891922B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3814611B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2019292987B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112020026709A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3104864A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3083261B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020002818A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL301025A (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2023-05-01 | Technion Res & Dev Foundation | Heat engine |
CN115059525B (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2025-02-07 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种供热机组耦合熔盐储能深度调峰系统及其方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2148027A1 (de) * | 1970-09-28 | 1972-04-06 | Power Dev Inc | Kraftmaschine |
US3972195A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1976-08-03 | Biphase Engines, Inc. | Two-phase engine |
US3995428A (en) * | 1975-04-24 | 1976-12-07 | Roberts Edward S | Waste heat recovery system |
US4106294A (en) * | 1977-02-02 | 1978-08-15 | Julius Czaja | Thermodynamic process and latent heat engine |
US20120006024A1 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-12 | Energent Corporation | Multi-component two-phase power cycle |
AU2011351017B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2017-03-09 | Hevatech | Device for converting heat energy into mechanical energy |
US9038389B2 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-05-26 | Harris Corporation | Hybrid thermal cycle with independent refrigeration loop |
-
2018
- 2018-06-28 FR FR1855910A patent/FR3083261B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-06-25 AU AU2019292987A patent/AU2019292987B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-25 WO PCT/FR2019/051550 patent/WO2020002818A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2019-06-25 US US17/255,997 patent/US11891922B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-25 CA CA3104864A patent/CA3104864A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-06-25 BR BR112020026709-0A patent/BR112020026709A2/pt unknown
- 2019-06-25 EP EP19744766.7A patent/EP3814611B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210222590A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
CA3104864A1 (fr) | 2020-01-02 |
EP3814611C0 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
EP3814611B1 (fr) | 2023-08-09 |
AU2019292987A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
US11891922B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
FR3083261A1 (fr) | 2020-01-03 |
WO2020002818A1 (fr) | 2020-01-02 |
BR112020026709A2 (pt) | 2021-04-13 |
AU2019292987B2 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
FR3083261B1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 |
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