EP3796990A1 - Procede de traitement de fumees generees par une combustion de bois et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de fumees generees par une combustion de bois et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3796990A1 EP3796990A1 EP19730260.7A EP19730260A EP3796990A1 EP 3796990 A1 EP3796990 A1 EP 3796990A1 EP 19730260 A EP19730260 A EP 19730260A EP 3796990 A1 EP3796990 A1 EP 3796990A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fumes
- water
- combustion
- washing
- pollutants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1412—Controlling the absorption process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
- F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/104—Ozone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/70—Condensing contaminants with coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/15003—Supplying fumes with ozone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the increase of condensation efficiency and the depollution of wood combustion heaters.
- biomass is the world's leading source of renewable energy, far ahead of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaics combined (source IAEA).
- source IAEA hydropower, wind power and photovoltaics combined
- CO, NOx, SO2, CO V, PAH regulated pollutants
- wood combustion emits from 10 to 1000 times more than the various conventional fossil fuels, with the exception of S02 where coal reaches even worse values.
- the energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthesis is substantially equal to that of the photocells while providing a storage of this energy.
- wood is the champion of all categories of renewable energy storage.
- a single kilo of dry wood contains 5 Kwh of energy in PCI (lower heating value), the equivalent of the turbining of 18 tons of water over a drop of 100 meters.
- the obvious advantage is that, at the end of the wash, the fumes contain fewer pollutants, the disadvantage is that this smoke-free pollution is found in the wash water with the possible condensates and the more the device is effective, the more the pollution transfer. is important towards the wash water.
- the problem of pollution of washing water can be simple to solve with fumes of natural gas combustion which contain few pollutants and all gaseous where a simple neutralization of the discharges may be sufficient.
- the problem is already less simple with a combustion of fuel that already generates more pollutants and some solid pollutants (particles and PAHs) that will begin to gradually load the washing water dry matter and tinting: there, even a low production of excess condensate is usually sufficient to stabilize this concentration to an acceptable level.
- particles and PAHs solid pollutants
- these are fairly simple and complete hydrocarbon combustions, and carried out in a mixture close to the stoichiometric, which simplifies condensation in comparison with combustion carried out with a high rate of excess air.
- Wood combustion fumes from individual heating devices which are often rudimentary, are at least as charged as incinerator fumes, because they also correspond to combustions carried out after pyrolysis of chemically complex solid fuels, with a very high excess of air and a combustion temperature that is often too low, coupled with a too short residence time at high temperature.
- expensive treatments of washing water are economically impossible at home.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the treatment of fumes which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of wood combustion devices and to reduce the amount of pollutants contained in the fumes by a condensation washing adapted to fumes with a high degree of wood combustion.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to a simple transfer of air pollution to wastewater: it also allows a treatment in aqueous phase of most pollutants contained in the wash water discharged to wastewater. In reality, the quality of the flue gas treatment also depends on the saturation rate of soluble pollutants in the wash water and therefore also on the depollution of these waters.
- the subject of the invention is also the implementation of this method via a simple and economical depolleur-condenser washer-up device, which can be depreciated on the fuel economy linked to the increase in efficiency, capable of reliably overcoming extreme situations, likely to occur with wood combustion fumes from bad fuels, very unregulated or poorly used or old installations where the amounts of pollutants can easily vary by a factor of more than 10, and this in a sufficiently economical way to be applicable to individual installations.
- the invention relates in particular to a method of treating fumes generated by a combustion of wood in a fireplace equipping a building and at the same time allowing a recovery of energy contained in the fumes and a reduction in the amount of pollutants contained in the fumes rejected outside the building.
- the fumes from the furnace are washed by a volume of washing water circulating in a loop and crossing the fumes to capture energy and pollutants contained in the fumes.
- the energy thus captured is distributed during the course of this loop.
- the pollutant load of this volume of wash water is constantly evaluated, a deconcentration of pollutants washing water being carried out when the pollutant load detected reaches a predetermined threshold defined as critical for the operation of washing, this deconcentration taking place by evacuation of a part of the pollutant-laden water to the wastewater and dilution with additional clean water, in order to maintain the pollutant load of the wash water to a value below the predetermined threshold, and to avoid a risk of starting foaming.
- the process can also allow destruction of the CO V type pollutants captured by the washing water.
- the washing water can be slowed down in a chamber where it is traversed at the surface by at least a portion of a flow of air for the combustion of wood in the fireplace, so as to evaporate these CO V and driving the flammable vapors of these CO V towards a new combustion in the hearth, this treatment allowing, at the same time as the destruction of CO V, an improvement of the yield.
- the pollutants captured and contained in the washings may furthermore undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase with ozone injected into the washings.
- the washing water may further undergo oxidation and neutralization which de-saturate the wash water at each circulation cycle to promote the capture of gaseous pollutants NO, NO 2 and SO 2 , the NO being oxidized by the ozonation in N0 2 and the acids created by the capture of N0 2 , S0 2 being neutralized.
- the invention also relates in particular to a smoke treatment device comprising all the means necessary for implementing the method defined above.
- the invention also relates in particular to a device for treating fumes generated by a combustion of wood, the treatment device being intended to be interposed between a fireplace intended to equip a building and a flue gas exhaust duct towards the outside of the building. building.
- the treatment device comprises a scrubber in which the flue gas crosses a stream of wash water to transfer energy and pollutants from the flue gases to the wash water flowing in a closed circuit.
- the treatment device furthermore comprises a turbidity sensor which continuously evaluates the pollutant load of the washing water and triggers a deconcentration of the washing water by means of discharging polluted water and then dilution by means of supplying clean water when the turbidity sensor detects that the wash water has reached a pollutant load equal to a predetermined threshold defined as critical for the operation of the washer.
- a turbidity sensor which continuously evaluates the pollutant load of the washing water and triggers a deconcentration of the washing water by means of discharging polluted water and then dilution by means of supplying clean water when the turbidity sensor detects that the wash water has reached a pollutant load equal to a predetermined threshold defined as critical for the operation of the washer.
- the treatment device may allow evaporation then combustion in the CO V focus captured by the wash water and the washing water circuit may comprise, at the outlet of the washer, a siphon and a buffer tank equipped with a water inlet. air and an air outlet connected to an inlet of the air inlet of the fireplace, the surface of the wash water being swept by at least a portion of the air flow for wood combustion of the fireplace for evaporation of the CO V in the buffer tank, then the driving of these CO V vapors to a new combustion in the hearth.
- the treatment device can be used to oxidize the pollutants contained in the wash water in the aqueous phase, and it can further comprise an ozone generator which emits ozone in the washing water.
- the washing water circuit may further comprise a passive neutraliser containing calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, this passive neutraliser being placed on a cold return of the washing water circuit.
- the scrubber may comprise a labyrinth for contacting the flue gas with the washing water, the labyrinth comprising straw resistant to heat and corrosion, in particular comprising a straw network, in particular a network of metal straw.
- the treatment device may comprise a flue gas inlet in the washer equipped with a localized watering device.
- the processing device can make it possible to optimize the production of secondary condensates and may comprise at least one unscrewing stage at the outlet of the scrubber.
- the processing device can make it possible to optimize the production of secondary condensates and may comprise at least one secondary condensation stage at the outlet of the scrubber.
- the treatment device may be particularly suitable for the treatment of fumes from combustion of natural draft wood and may include a flue system with a shutter having a normal stable safety position corresponding to the natural draft and d an unstable washing position in which it is held by a holding member, such as an electromagnet sensitive to safety sensors as well as power cuts, and may include a fan which drives smoke in the washer placed in parallel flue only when the flap is in the wash position.
- a flue system with a shutter having a normal stable safety position corresponding to the natural draft and d an unstable washing position in which it is held by a holding member, such as an electromagnet sensitive to safety sensors as well as power cuts, and may include a fan which drives smoke in the washer placed in parallel flue only when the flap is in the wash position.
- the scrubber may have two stages in series, a first stage operating at a first temperature and a second stage operating at a second temperature, the first temperature being greater than the second temperature.
- the second stage of the scrubber may further comprise an outlet for the condensates, this outlet being connected to the water circuit of the first stage of the scrubber.
- the invention also relates in particular to an installation comprising a smoke treatment device as defined above and a combustion chamber of wood.
- the wood combustion fumes are sucked or blown into an enclosure preferably equipped with a labyrinth of contacting where they will cross, preferably against the current, washing water which falls while being recirculated. permanently by a pump, which constitutes a flue gas washing known in itself.
- this washing will include particular features to prevent catastrophic foaming phenomena with washing water whose surface tension is reduced too much with their pollutant load, and other specificities to improve the contact between water and fumes, including to improve the capture of highly hydrophobic PAHs.
- These waters capture some of the gaseous and solid pollutants and cool the fumes from which they capture energy by heating up.
- washing waters then flow into a buffer tank, then a pump sends these hot wash water to one or more exchangers that take the energy and distribute it where it is useful; then the cooled waters return to the top of the enclosure for a new cycle. If the washing waters are sufficiently cooled, there will be some condensation of the fumes and the condensates will join the washing waters by diluents, the excess water being evacuated by an overflow placed on the buffer tank. This condensation will not only concern the flue gas but it will also concern the CO V which, once condensed, will flow with the wash water to the buffer tank via a siphon.
- the surface of the washing water is continuously swept by the airflow for combustion, which therefore passes through this buffer tank and evaporates the very volatile VOCs and leads the flammable vapors to a new combustion in the home.
- the concentration of dry matter in washing water that tends gradually towards infinity without appropriate measures, is controlled by a cascade of provisions or processes and first of all obtaining a maximum of condensates.
- the washing which will preferably be against the current, is optimized to have virtually no delta T, between the temperature of the flue gas and the arrival of the wash water which is very cooled by heat exchangers adapted to low temperatures. These characteristics will most of the time make it possible to obtain a smoke temperature below its dew point despite the high rate of excess air imposed by the combustion of wood.
- This production of condensate from the washing is advantageously completed by an additional condensate production caused by devéiculation and additional cooling of the fumes along the entire length of the flue.
- additional condensates are of course guided to the washing circuit and will be called secondary condensates.
- this production of secondary condensates can be increased tenfold and made very predominant on the washing condensates by a simple arrangement, which consists in using an uninsulated smoke pipe with the most possible length outside or to be added at the exit of the roof. a length of exchanger pipe having inner and outer fins very effective for cooling the fumes.
- a specific passive neutralization optimizes the capture of other gaseous pollutants such as NO2, SO2, C1 by washing water by efficiently deconcentrating these waters of the associated acids by a continuous passive neutralization of all the washing water, managing to maintain the pH of the washing water between 6 and 7. On larger installations this neutralization could be active regulated .
- a last defense is constituted by means of monitoring the load of dry matter washing water.
- these means control a deconcentration of the washing water too heavily loaded by dilution with a supply of clear water or, even more effective, a partial emptying of the too charged water and a contribution complementary clean water.
- This process of deconcentration may also be useful when everything works perfectly to sometimes deconcentrate washing water salts produced during neutralization and captured minerals.
- the fumes are blown or sucked by a fan in a vertical duct resistant to corrosion and heat, for example filled with stainless steel straw, which we will call scrubber or condenser or scrubber - Condenser, where they will cross countercurrent washing water that flows continuously from the top to the bottom of the washer through a pump that re-circulates the fluid via a buffer tank.
- stainless steel straw allows a density of contact and heat exchange quite considerable, which allows very short-lived condenser-condensers in terms of their power, allowing smoke outlets to the same temperature as the inlet of washing water, while being very simple, economical and very quiet.
- This type of labyrinth also offers a good performance of capturing PAHs that are very hydrophobic, trying to avoid water. However, most particles are most often associated with very hydrophobic PAHs, which makes them difficult to capture.
- the flat filaments or ribbons which compose it are of rectangular section and of small thickness and offer for a given weight and volume, a considerable developed surface and a good thermal conduction, but in addition these ribbons of rectangular section have a directional effect on the flow of smoke flowing around them. Since fumes encounter a considerable number of anarchic organization in their path, this imposes incessant and random changes of direction on the gas, which is very conducive to the ballistic capture of the hydrophobic particles by the washing water which is flows on each filament.
- this particulate fraction is not seen by most of the current tests that are done by sampling and filtering hot fumes in the smoke exhaust duct, and these tests measure only what sometimes called the solid particulate fraction.
- the condensable particulate fraction is most often not really solid, since it consists mainly of condensed particles of tar that are not really solids, but rather liquids of very high viscosity. And these particles from vapor condensation of heavy organic compounds, sometimes called organic compounds semi-volatile (COSV), are both very thin and hydrophobic which makes them particularly difficult to capture.
- COSV organic compounds semi-volatile
- This stainless steel straw therefore advantageously replaces an expensive condenser with separate flows resistant to strong acids with its mechanical sweeping system watered and offers, in addition, a direct contact of the fumes with the heat transfer fluid which is here directly the water of washing, which makes disappear the problem of variation of exchange coefficient with the fouling of a condenser with separate flows and this is a guarantee of stability of the performances. If the scrubber is well dimensioned, which is easy given the very high power density of the device and its low cost, there is quickly no measurable delta T between the flue gas outlet temperature and the flue gas outlet temperature. cold wash water, which is another guarantee of optimal exchange.
- the wash water also serves as heat transfer fluid and it will recover a quantity of heat normally lost. This heat is all the more important that the flue gas temperatures are high at the input of the device, low output and unprecedented, the wood is wet. This last remark does not mean that it is recommended to burn wet wood, which is catastrophic for combustion and therefore for polluting emissions, but this disadvantageous case is from a performance point of view partially offset by condensation.
- the heat recovery, including condensation, will be all the better that the washing water arrives cooled in the washer-condenser.
- the heat of the washing water can be transferred to the rooms to be heated, it will be possible in the case of moderately efficient combustion plants, pushed to full power with moderately dry wood, that the thermal power of recovery exceeds the nominal power of the initial heating installation placed upstream of the washer-condenser.
- Controlling the loading of pollutants, in particular dry matter from wash water, is an essential characteristic of the operation of the device. And the subject will be approached independently from four different angles: maximum recovery of condensates, treatment of condensed CO V in washing water, oxidation by ozonation in aqueous phase of the pollutants collected in the water, the ultimate defense being the deconcentration by dilution with clear water that can be done in different ways.
- the condensation washing of wood fumes must imperatively approach at a thermal angle, coupled with a material balance approach, and in particular amount of dry matter collected / amount of condensate obtained, or even amount of dry matter sensed + amount of dry matter produced / amount of condensate obtained, because the flue gas treatment process will also turn some gaseous pollutants into dissolved salts in the wash water. Salts that must also not be too concentrated in the wash water.
- the condensation with direct contact of the washing water with the fumes saves the precious delta T that would be necessary for the operation of a separate flow condenser as well as the additional Delta T due to the fouling of this condenser.
- the washing also allows significant savings in comparison with these condensers with separate streams, which are more expensive than they allow a delta T of low operation and even more expensive if they must also be able to withstand significant acidity .
- the thermal interest of a condensing plant stems more from the lowering of the flue gas temperature in an uncertain zone where the dew point is probably reached, than from the actual condensation energy. obtained.
- it will be of great interest from a point of view material balance and efficiency, to obtain a maximum of condensation.
- the condensation will be advantageously extended externally to the wash without energy recovery.
- the fumes will contain a certain amount of water vapor and dust.
- the fumes will, in any case, leave the scrubber saturated with moisture, either by giving up the excess water, or by capturing water to saturate. And the amount of condensate obtained depends on the washing outlet temperature of these fumes, which depends as already seen from the inlet temperature of the wash water.
- this tube could technically be made of plastic. Unlike conventional smoke tubes that have a cap to prevent the entry of rainwater, this tube of smoke can be dispensed and may even have a flared outlet so as to capture a little more water when it rains, but in general, the excess condensates will seldom be missed in rainy weather.
- exchanger tube preferably extruded aluminum, having internal fins for cooling the flue gases and external fins for removing heat at outside where it will usually be cold. That will be called exchanger smoke tube.
- the charge of the washing water will therefore tend, in load value, to the ratio of quantity of dust collected / condensates obtained, a ratio to which we shall have to add the amount of salt generated during the neutralization that will take place here in the washing circuit and not only on the rejects.
- turbidity measurement means for example optical, which control the opacity of wash water, which is a pretty good picture of their charge value or by the observation of the slight increase in pressure drop due to their increase in viscosity, but it is then necessary to take into account the temperature of the water, which also modifies the viscosity.
- the evaluation of the dry matter content by measuring the increase in pressure drop is therefore very delicate and inaccurate. While the measurement of turbidity by optical means, gives an excellent image of this charge rate with exceptional accuracy able to evaluate variations of less than a PPM.
- the washing in two stages, the first at a relatively high temperature of water for example 50 to 60 ° C, which limits the size exchangers responsible for recovering this heat, and a second less powerful washing stage but fed after a heat exchanger placed preferably in series behind the first, allowing returns as cold as possible.
- An alternative is the passage through two independent washing stages in series, the first at high temperature for example 60 ° C and the second much less powerful at very low temperature, for example less than 30 ° C. In this particular case, most of the excess condensate is found in the cold stage and is redirected into the hot stage before being discharged by an overflow or other means.
- the scrubber will therefore be equipped with a stripping stage, consisting for example of another passage in stainless steel straw but not watered and / or by a cyclone fumes.
- a collection of vesicles will also be possible in the volute of the smoke fan, if it is at the outlet of the device and of course the water obtained will be channeled each time to the wash water.
- Another advantage of size is the placement of the fan at the outlet of the scrubber. Indeed on combustion devices with mechanical suction of fumes, the fan gets dirty significantly: some manufacturers of pellet heating recommend two cleanings per winter and some boilers are equipped with a cyclic cleaning system with water. the fan wheel. Placed at the outlet of the scrubber, the fan does not clog more and it is the same for the flue exit from the scrubber whose sweeping becomes perfectly superfluous.
- a last way to get even more condensate and efficiency is to cross the scrubber through a pipe through which the combustion air flow, so as to heat the combustion air.
- the amount of condensate will approach in winter theoretical values of water vapor, or close to half a liter per kilogram of pelletized wood and a little more on wood logs, which leaves a good margin in emissions per kilogram of burnt wood so as not to exceed a loading rate too high washing water.
- wash water can remain light and can communicate their heat directly to radiators, which will preferably be ventilated at low temperatures, which allows return temperatures below 25 ° C.
- Underfloor heating made from plastic tubes can also easily accept wash water with return temperatures that are just as low.
- VOCs including the very harmful benzene
- VOCs are one of the families of pollutants whose wood combustion holds an emission record. Invisible in the fumes, they are very virtual for the population but once condensed their hydrophobic portion among the most toxic, takes all its reality. There is also no need for sophisticated devices to detect it, hydrophobic VOCs are the iridescent film that floats on the surface of wash water. The quantities of VOC emitted vary a lot depending on the fuel, the settings, the quality of combustion, but we can estimate that the order of magnitude in the liquid phase of these toxic hydrocarbons is about 1 liter every 50 kg of wood. burned and 150 ml for benzene and that's good liquid it is about.
- the buffer tank will be at least equipped with a pipe that guides the vapors to the combustion air intake duct of the fireplace.
- This arrangement will be much more effective if a little air can raise wastewater through the overflow channel, which will push the VOC film over the overflow and promote its evaporation.
- a siphon can also prevent hydrophobic VOCs access to the overflow but it will also block any floating that may appear in some cases of poor combustion.
- the surface of the wash water contained in the buffer tank is licked by part or all of the flow of air intended for combustion.
- VOC vapors including benzene
- the hydrophobic and hydrophilic VOC vapors enrich the intake air with fuel and burn again as many times as necessary.
- VOC recombination provision is very efficient because a small fraction of these recirculated VOCs will be unburned again, but again trapped and burned as many times as necessary, so that VOC and benzene emissions are greatly reduced with this simple and reliable device, while offering a new gain in combustion efficiency.
- a complementary treatment device that will eventually oxidize VOCs that have managed to escape this treatment.
- VOCs captured during their production are in a sufficiently low concentration in the intake air to avoid fear of backfires in the air circuit.
- This treatment also has an effect on light PAHs at 2 or 3 cycles, such as naphthalene which still has a vapor pressure of 1 1 Pa, but the efficiency remains very low.
- the condensates and the totality of the washing water will pass hundreds of times in the circuit, which allows many things and in particular a effective neutralization of all washing water and thus also condensates, by multiple passages on calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, placed on the circuit.
- it is not only the condensates that are neutralized before evacuation to wastewater, with a condenser that works with high acidity, but all the washing water that is permanently neutralized allowing very low corrosion on all elements in touch.
- the benefits of good neutralization do not stop at lower corrosion and less acidic discharges.
- a good neutralization also allows to deconcentrate the washing water acid, which facilitates the capture and solution in particular of new N02 and new S02 which will also turn into nitric, sulfurous and sulfuric acid in washing water, acidic which will be neutralized on calcium carbonate and magnesium by producing mainly calcium nitrate which is a fertilizer, calcium sulfate which is gypsum, and magnesium sulfate which is a salt widely used in food and pharmacy.
- the passage in the aqueous phase allows a final simple, economical and highly effective treatment of pollutants remaining with ozone, with very small amounts of this powerful oxidant.
- the remaining pollutants being concentrated and confined for a long time in a relatively small volume of water, it is then easy to organize a contact with a long residence time, which would have been very difficult in the fumes.
- This notion of residence time is important because, depending on the different chemical kinetics involved, some pollutants are oxidized quickly and in priority, while others that are more stable will require more time before they can be treated in the majority.
- This long residence time allows to limit the amount of ozone to produce and to facilitate the dosage to practically guarantee that there will not be any excess because an excess, unlikely but dangerous, would be of a part confined and on the other hand immediately burned as we will see.
- This treatment can take place in the buffer tank, with a simple bubbling of a small ozone generator. But it is still difficult to produce micro bubbles especially in such a hostile environment and large bubbles arrive too quickly on the surface with a small amount of ozone that has not reacted or has not dissolved in the atmosphere. water. Thus, it is preferable to increase the residence time of the ozone bubbles with the wash water in a reactor.
- This reactor may consist of a simple corrugated hose made of ozone-resistant plastic material wound upwardly in the buffer tank.
- the ozone is distributed in the lower part of this reactor tube.
- ozone passes as many contact locks as pipe splines and upward gas bubble flow is sufficient to maintain a stream of polluted water in the reactor tube.
- the outgoing bubbles essentially composed of C02 and 02 thus leave the surface and are thus sucked with the intake air of the hearth.
- This provision also makes it possible to guard against accidental excess ozone traces, which would thus be instantly burned in the home.
- This arrangement also prevents too much ozone being pumped with wash water and arrives to the exchangers before reacting completely, exchangers that may contain copper that ozone could oxidize quickly. This is the reason why this solution is preferred to a classic ozone injection by venturi tube on the wash water path, which is still possible, especially if aluminum has been chosen as the conductive material of the heat exchangers. than copper.
- the treatment carried out during the production of pollutants requires small amounts of ozone, which however depend on the quality of combustion and the amount of pollutants that it is desired to treat.
- the ozone generator can be sized so that there is never ozone in excess, with only partial treatment of pollutants and in this case it is simply started when fireplace and scrubber are active. It can also be a a little more powerful generator driven by a turbidity sensor, as soon as a significant turbidity is detected. In some cases of poor combustion with too much production of pollutants or very low condensate production which causes in particular a too high salt content in the washing water, the ozonation may not succeed in sufficiently lightening the wash water, but it is then the deconcentrations that take care of it.
- ozone has an exceptional oxidation power, able to oxidize almost anything that this can be and in particular most of the carbon and hydrocarbon chains that comprise or of which are constituted a good part of the pollutants present.
- the first beneficial action of ozone is a partial recovery of the surface tension of the washing water, with a strong anti-foaming effect on the charged waters, which is of obvious interest in the context of the 'invention.
- Ozone will also oxidize the last CO V traces that would have escaped the previously described re-combustion evaporation treatment.
- ozonation is one of the rare treatments able to tackle the very resistant PAHs which are pollutants among the most persistent and dangerous. They are often associated with most particles and wood combustion is one of the largest emitters.
- This treatment has an energy cost since the ozone generators consume a little electricity of the order of a few Wh per gr of ozone. This cost can be justified by the depollution, but one could then fear that part of the population prefers to pollute and disconnect the device.
- the ozone requirements are low, of the order of a few grams of ozone per kg of wood burned according to the quality of combustion, and the power required is therefore low.
- most of the reactions caused by ozone are largely exothermic, so that this cost is nil or negligible.
- the release of oxygen in the water that accompanies the reactions of ozone contributes to decreasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the washing water.
- ozonation is another guarantee against the phenomenon.
- the oxidizing power of ozone can be further improved by action under UV radiation.
- a UV lamp can be added in the ozone reactor.
- a catalyst may also be added in the reactor, but they are generally made of rare metals and therefore expensive.
- washing water In spite of all the measures taken, to limit the reduction of the surface tension of the washing water related to their load of pollutants, and in particular the last defensive deconcentration by dilution with the addition of clean water, which comes into play when all the other provisions have proved insufficient; washing water will often maintain a slight reduction in surface tension, which makes them still suitable for foaming in certain special situations, which should be avoided.
- Another solution is to trigger a supply of clean and therefore cold water, making this contribution to the top of the washer if this safety temperature is reached, which allows for example to spread a punctual problem fumes much too hot.
- An irrigation shutdown will be performed if the phenomenon recurs too often and an alert will of course be activated, and when possible the home can also be turned off.
- the switch diverts the smoke from the scrubber directly into the conventional duct.
- Boiling can also be local only, without the water being too hot overall and this means that irrigation at the boiling point is too low.
- the device has three functions, condensation, flue gas cleaning and condensate removal. If for the thermal part of cooling and condensing fumes, a low flow with high delta T may be sufficient, it is not the same for the washing function which requires a much higher flow to be effective and in general the device will operate with a very low delta T of the order of a few tenths of degrees to a few degrees at full power, with irrigation largely overabundant, it will however be necessary to ensure a good distribution of watering over the entire section washer.
- this minimum flow rate for proper washing is about 1 m3 / h for 10 Kw of power upstream installation if its performance is good and at least double if it is bad. It is however It is important to thoroughly irrigate the smoke inlet tube in the scrubber so that no boiling occurs at this critical point, especially for inefficient installations where fumes can enter temperatures. exceeding 300 ° C. The upper end of the smoke inlet can even be arranged in descending sawtooth and gutter, so as to cause a local flow in different streams of water just before this arrival of very hot smoke.
- foaming phenomena with charged water can occur if we communicate to the washing water too much kinetic energy, shocks in the condenser, they are dropped on the liquid surface, they are cavitations or boiling: avoid all these situations conducive to foaming leads to very quiet installations.
- the bottom of the washer cone opens via a siphon in the washing water buffer tank, so as to separate the smoke from the buffer tank. At the exit of this siphon will guide the water so that it flows calmly along a wall to the liquid surface of the buffer tank to avoid any noise of falling, which could also cause foaming with too much water
- the fumes are generally too cold to ensure sufficient natural draft, which is why it was stated above that the fumes are sucked or blown into the scrubber by a fan. And this necessarily creates a noise, which can however be limited if this fan is selected centrifugal and slow-moving, rather than small and fast wheel. It should also be noted that the considerable cooling of the fumes greatly reduces the volume to be extracted if the fan is placed at the outlet of the scrubber.
- Forced draft combustion devices are generally watertight, which is a first safety against fumes, and also designed to overcome a failure of fume extraction, the first cause of which is the power cut.
- these homes are also equipped with means of detecting the good evacuation of fumes, which alert the fault and stops the fuel supply and therefore the combustion shortly after, when possible. In this case irrigation will be cut by these means of detecting extraction problems. If the home is not equipped with these detection means, it is the device that will be equipped. These means are often pressure switches that measure a variation of flue gas pressure when the exhaust fan is operational or a differential pressure variation between the upstream and downstream fan, it can also be indirect means that make correlations between different temperatures, which become inconsistent when the extraction malfunctions.
- Another safety strategy is to carry out the washing on a diversion of the flue, with a switch of smoke that drifts the smoke in the scrubber only when all the parameters are normal.
- a motorized switch can easily fail and a reset and passive safety switch is preferred.
- This safety switch directs the fumes directly into the flue or drifts them towards the scrubber, at the exit of which the fumes reach the original flue or another independent duct which can even be plastic if it can be counterpart.
- the switch In the absence of rearming, the switch is in a stable natural position corresponding to the conventional direct smoke evacuation through the conduit and the reset in unstable washing position is locked by electromechanical or hydropneumatic means only when all extractions and washing parameters are normal. In the event of a fault in one of the parameters, the switch falls back to the natural safety position, that is to say conventional smoke evacuation without washing.
- the embodiment detail of one of these safety switches is developed in the second embodiment given below by way of example.
- This safety strategy is to be preferred for installations initially planned in natural draft, for which the natural draft of safety through the non-irrigated scrubber may be insufficient.
- the washing is of course equipped with a mechanical extraction of the fumes, itself equipped with means for controlling the proper operation of the extraction.
- the probability of accident is very minimal and the washer can be completely plastic, as its smoke evacuation if it is independent of the conventional conduit; in this case only the smoke inlet duct in the scrubber remains metal and its junction with the scrubber is insulating and preferably carried out inside irrigated scrubber.
- Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the flue gas cleaning device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a complete schematic view of a second particular embodiment of the flue gas cleaning device according to the invention with safety smoke routing.
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 show respectively a sectional view, a front view and left of the smoke switch of the second embodiment.
- Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a third economic embodiment of the flue gas cleaning device according to the invention.
- Figures 7 and 8 respectively show the extruded washer tube of this third embodiment and its extrusion profile.
- Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the exchanger smoke tube.
- the combustion smoke treatment device is placed in series between a non-detailed forced-draft (1), pellet, shredded wood or log boiler, and its combustion duct.
- smoke (38) which, if it is isolated, can be extended by a length of extruded aluminum heat exchanger tube (400) (Fig 9) having internal and external fins for optimizing the secondary condensation.
- the fumes are blown by the fan (39) of the hearth (1) in the scrubber (2) where they enter through the pipe (3), the end of which is slightly down slope so as to prevent any water return in Boiler.
- a specific watering (4) of this smoke inlet (3) is provided to prevent local boiling at this place which is the hottest of the washer.
- the end of the smoke inlet has descending saw teeth (5) so as to organize a waterfall in nets just before the arrival of smoke.
- the tube of this watering (4) also serves as a support for a grid (40) for maintaining the washing stainless steel straw stage (6) and the valve (7) allows the flow regulation of this bypass.
- the scrubber (2) here consists of an aluminum tube or stainless steel, if necessary insulated not to heat the room of the boiler.
- the buffer tank (8) is in the extension of the washer (2) in the same tube but could be separated.
- the scrubber (2) is separated from the buffer tank (8) by a washer bottom cone (9) which is also filled with stainless steel straw (10) so as to damp the drop of water drops. wash against the walls of this cone.
- This cone separation (9) acts as a funnel and its end (1 1) immersed in the receptacle (41) constitutes a siphon which prevents smoke access to the buffer tank (8).
- this siphon (41) is an air bell (12) sensitive to the height of water in the buffer tank (8) connected by a capillary to a level detector pressure switch (13) capable of detecting a level low deconcentration (14), a low level (15) and a high level (16).
- a level low deconcentration (14) a low level (15) and a high level (16).
- the arrival of clean water (17) is at the top of the scrubber, on the cold water inlet pipe washing (18) of the spray bar (19) which is here a kind of helix multi-blade folded sheet which best distributes the flow of water on the straw (6).
- the spray boom Above the spray boom is the non-sprinkled stainless steel straw stage (20) held by a grate (42).
- the buffer tank (8) is equipped with a condensate overflow (21) connected to the wastewater. Above this overflow is the combustion air inlet (22) in the buffer tank, air that will be responsible for evaporating the CO V condensed by the wash water and guide the vapors to the combustion of focus by the combustion air line (23) of the buffer tank.
- This air outlet (23) is advantageously a little higher than the arrival (22), so that a water level accidentally too high, can evacuate outside by the arrival of rather than directed towards the hearth.
- the bottom (24) of the buffer tank (8) is conical so that no solid material can decant.
- a neutraliser (25) containing calcium and magnesium carbonate (26) is advantageously placed on the cold water inlet (18) of the scrubber to work on the coldest section of the washing water circuit, so as to dissolve a little more and deposit a little calcium carbonate and magnesium throughout the circuit.
- a filter (27) is placed before the recirculation pump (28).
- this pump sends the washing water to the exchanger (s) (29) charged with the energy, and then conveys it once cooled down to the irrigation ramp (19) of the washer in front which is a sensor of turbidity (30) that measures the opacity.
- An adjustable bypass sends a small portion of the cold water flow to the smoke inlet irrigation (4).
- This pump is also equipped with a pressure switch (31) at its output. This pressure switch (31) will give an indication on the irrigation of the scrubber and allow optimal deconcentrations washing water.
- the turbidity sensor (30) detects an excessive opacity of the washing water, it controls the opening of a deconcentration solenoid valve (32) placed in parallel with the pump outlet (28) and thus sends the excessively charged water to wastewater until the pump output pressure switch (31) indicates that the pump (28) is beginning to defuse; there the deconcentration solenoid valve (32) is closed and the clean water supply solenoid valve (17) is opened until the high level (16) is detected in the buffer tank (8) by the sensor (13).
- Another way of deconcentrating is to open the solenoid valve (32) to the low level of deconcentration (14) detected by the level sensor (13) and refill clean water up to the high level (16), but this mode of deconcentration is less effective per liter of added water because there is more water loaded in the circuit.
- a last possible way to deconcentrate is to only open the solenoid valve (17) of adding clean water, which allows to gradually dilute the washwater loaded, as and evacuation surpluses of washing water gradually diluted by the overflow (21) but this very simple process, is disadvised because it is the most expensive in water.
- a problem of supply of clean water during the deconcentrations will be detected, if the pressure switch (31) remains too long under low pressure or if the level detector (13) remains too long at the low level of deconcentration (14), in this case the washing installation is faulty and stopped and may also control the cessation of combustion when possible.
- a problem of supplying clean water out of the deconcentration phases will be detected, if the low level (15) is detected too long and the installation will then also be faulted and stopped.
- a thermometer (33) controls at this point the water temperature as well as the temperature of the scrubber.
- This thermometer (33) is responsible for detecting a possible maximum permissible temperature such as 70 ° C, in this case it firstly controls the opening of the solenoid valve (17) to add clean and cold water and if the fault does not disappear after a short time, it commands the shutdown of the installation and lights a light or a fault code, it can also control the extinction of combustion when possible, even if the scrubber can withstand the lack of irrigation. In the same way if the warning temperature reappears several times in a relatively short time after each water addition shutdown, the installation is stopped and faulted.
- a possible maximum permissible temperature such as 70 ° C
- An ozone generator (34) sends ozone into a capillary (35) which plunges into the buffer tank (8) to the inlet (43) of the ozone reactor (36), which consists of a tube groove made of ozone-resistant plastic, wound in an upward spiral which opens slightly below the low level of washing water (15).
- This ozone generator (34) is started when the turbidity sensor (30) observes a significant turbidity and stops if the turbidity detector (30) detects an acceptable turbidity or the extinction of the fireplace when the fan smoke (39) is stopped. It can also be a less powerful ozone generator intended to be able to treat only a minimal part of pollution and in this case the generator is slaved to the operation of the smoke fan (39).
- the oxidation caused by the ozonation can be further enhanced by a UV lamp (37) placed at the inlet (43) of the ozonation reactor (36).
- a sealed wall pass (44) of flexible material allows entry into the buffer tank (8) of the ozone capillary (35), the air pressure capillary of the pressure switch (13), the power supply of the UV lamp (37) and overflow (21).
- the flue gases return to the flue (38), which may advantageously have uninsulated outer portions to continue the cooling of the flue gases and on a continuous slope towards the scrubber so as to directly guide the additional condensates into the scrubber.
- the washing installation will be slaved to the operation of the hearth, that is to say to the operation of the fan (39), but stopped if a wrong extraction of the fumes is detected by the hearth organs intended for this purpose. function.
- a long-term stop command commands a complete emptying of the washing circuit to the solenoid valve (32), during which the pump (28) will be maintained in function a few moments after the defusing of the pump is detected by the pressure switch ( 31).
- the buffer tank (8) is first filled with the opening of the solenoid valve (17) for adding clean water and the pump (28) is not route once the high level (16) is reached, to avoid rebooting problems.
- the device is preferably intended to treat the fumes of a stove or boiler, waterproof natural draft.
- the wash equipped with its smoke extraction fan will be a bypass of the natural draft smoke duct and a safety smoke switch, send the smoke into the washer, only when all the washing parameters and extraction are normal.
- the washer itself remains similar to the first embodiment except here a combustion air heater (201) passing here in the scrubber (203) before opening into the buffer tank (202). ), a buffer tank (202) which is here independent of the tube of the scrubber (203) but connected thereto by the pipe (204) of washing water, and the presence of a fan of extraction of smoke (205) placed in this embodiment at the outlet of the scrubber (203).
- the device in this second embodiment is equipped with a flue gas switch (206) whose detail is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
- the scrubber (203) equipped with its blower extraction of fumes (205), is placed in parallel with the initial flue (207) and the switch (206) normally guides the fumes in this initial duct in natural draft (207), thanks to a flap (208) which is in gravity steady normal safety position in support against the generator (209) of the smoke inlet tube (210) in the washer, the switch (206).
- the ignition phase of the fireplaces is by far the most polluting phase, because only a small portion of the gases generated by the start of pyrolysis will burn and the unburnt are initially largely in the majority. It is therefore interesting that the washing is operational from the ignition, even if the washer can probably capture only a part of the huge amount of pollutants generated during this ignition phase.
- the user or an escapement automatism rearms the switch flap (208) by raising it in a high and unstable washing position against the generatrix (21 1) of the draft duct natural (207) of the switch (206), with the reset lever (212) visible in Figure 5, which puts the washing installation en route through a contactor (213) and when all the parameters that we see below, are normal, an electromagnet (214) maintains the reset lever (212) and therefore also the flap (208) in this high washing position, thereby switching the smoke to the scrubber.
- This electromagnet (214) is supplied in series with all the safety sensors or sensitive to all safety sensors and in the first place it lets the flap (208) fall back to the natural draft safety position in the event of a power failure. electricity.
- a vacuum sensor (215) measures this depression, which will be the indication of good smoke extraction.
- This sensor depression (215) is the first of the safety sensors. And it puts the device safe by controlling the electromagnet (214) to no longer maintain the flap (208) in washing position, if the vacuum is insufficient or zero. Care must be taken to ensure that the safety vacuum is not reached at the fireplace door opening for fuel supply.
- the reset sequence will advantageously comprise a phase which controls that the depression sensor contact (215) was open before the fan (205) was started, so as to verify its proper functioning, in the opposite case the device is made safe. , that is, natural draft, and fault information is enabled.
- the shutter (208) By its conformation and its weight the shutter (208) can very easily get stuck in the washing up position, but an audible alert may indicate that it is jammed if the electromagnet (214) is disabled, but that the start contact (213) remains activated. In this case, which means that one of the washing parameters is not good, the irrigation will be cut so as to maintain a certain natural draft and the fan (205) kept in function in case it is still capable of to ensure a flue gas evacuation and a sound alert with a fault code will be activated because this rather unlikely situation is potentially one of the most critical.
- a low natural draft position sensor (216) of the flap (208) confirms that the flap is in the natural draft position before the device is reset or informs of any abnormal jamming of the flap in an intermediate position, this could eventually happen on an unserviceable facility where the switch has not been cleaned for several years. This cleaning is made possible and easy by dismounting the removable face (217) of the switch (206) visible in FIG. 5. However, a large clearance is provided between the flanks of the switch and the movable flap (208) for that the switch can work even with heavy soot deposits.
- a shower sequence of the switch is organized at each start when the switch is not yet boiling, by a derivation for a short time of the washing circuit to the switch which comprises in this case a return water pipe to the buffer tank equipped with a siphon.
- This washing of the switch may also be permanent, but it must be ensured that the flow is sufficient so that its temperature never reaches boiling.
- the recirculating pump output pressure switch (219) or a flow controller (220) will inform of an absence or lack of irrigation and will secure the device after a certain delay. Deadline established to allow a brief decrease or no flow during deconcentration operations.
- thermometer (221) The indication of overheating of the washing water supplied by the thermometer (221) will also put the installation in safety.
- the device can be equipped with a smoke detector and additional CO (222), which gives the alert and puts the device also safe, it that is to say in natural print.
- the conformation of the volute (223) of the fan (205) allows direct return to the scrubber, condensates and secondary vesicles captured in this volute and in the outlet of the flue (224), but it can also be one or specially dedicated pipes.
- the condenser washer is placed behind a low-power pellet stove and high efficiency located in a living room.
- the scrubber is placed in series between the stove (301) and the flue (302).
- the tube (303) of the washer with its fins (304) is extruded aluminum alloy resistant to moderate corrosion washing water; if necessary it may be coated with a protective film or a protective surface treatment and the buffer tank (305) is in the extension of the washer and made in the same extruded profile (306, 303) of Figures 7 and 8 .
- the level sensor (307) has an additional very high level detection (308) which opens the deconcentration solenoid valve (309), which then sends the excess condensate to the wastewater via a pipe (310) which may be 'pretty small diameter and even plastic. This evacuation of excess condensates continues until the high level (31 1) is reached.
- the device can be made safe if the very high level (308) is detected too long.
- a safety overflow (312) siphon and placed a little above the very high level (308), can be preserved so as to betray a possible malfunction of the condensate evacuation, by a small amount of condensate on floor.
- a fan (313) here driven by the motor of the pump (314) may reinforce the convection of the device with a gain in efficiency and volume of condensates obtained.
- a cylindrical hood (315) will advantageously guide the fresh air taken near the ground to the fins (304) of the buffer tank (305) and the condenser washer (303).
- This cover (315) may contain accessories such as the level detector pressure switch (307), the neutraliser (316), the filter (317), the solenoid valve (309), the turbidity sensor (320).
- the device is started with a servocontrol on the stove's smoke extraction fan (318) as well as the fireplace's smoke extraction sensors (301).
- An extended stop command controls the complete emptying of the device by opening the deconcentration solenoid valve (309) and forcing the pump (314) to operate a few moments after the very low level (319) is detected, then it will be possible to even perform a rinsing cycle by opening the solenoid valve for adding clean water (322) to the high level (31 1) or very high (308) and again complete emptying, then stop.
- the turbidity sensor (320) is eliminated and replaced by a cyclic deconcentration of the washing water, controlled by a clock (321) which counts the hours operating with a high degree of security to take into account the possible case where the stove would be very badly adjusted.
- a method is defined by the following definitions:
- a processing device is defined by the following definitions:
- a device for treating fumes generated by a combustion of wood intended to be interposed between a fireplace (1, 301) and a duct (38, 224, 302) for evacuating smoke to the outside, characterized in that the flow of smoke crosses a flow of washing water in a scrubber (2, 203, 303) where a transfer of pollution takes place from the fumes to the looped washing water and in that a sensor (30, 320, 321), which continuously evaluates the pollutant load of the washing water, initiates a deconcentration of the washing water by dilution with clean water by means of supplying clean water (17, 322) and means for discharging excessively charged water (21, 32, 309) when this sensor (30, 320, 321) detects that the washing water has reached a predetermined maximum permissible pollutant load as being critical for the proper operation of the washing .
- Fumes treatment device for separating, evaporation and combustion of the volatile organic compounds captured and condensed in the washing water, characterized in that the washing water passes from a scrubber (2, 203, 303) via a siphon (1 1, 41) in a buffer tank (8, 202, 305) where they are traversed at the surface by at least a part of the air flow intended for the combustion of the hearth, thanks to an inlet of air (22, 201) in the buffer tank and an air outlet (23) of this buffer tank directed towards the air intake of the furnace, which thus guides the vapors of these volatile pollutants contained in the air to a new combustion in the hearth (1, 301).
- Smoke treatment device according to one of the definitions 5 and 6, characterized in that it further comprises an ozone generator (34, 35) which emits ozone in the wash water to oxidize in aqueous phase the pollutants contained in these wash waters.
- an ozone generator 34, 35
- Device characterized in that it comprises a passive neutralizer (25) containing calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate (26), the neutralizer being placed on one of the coldest places of the washing water circuit.
- the scrubber (2, 203, 303) comprises a labyrinth (6) for contacting the fumes with washing water, consisting of resistant metal straw to heat and corrosion.
- Device according to one of the definitions 5 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises at least one dewaxing stage and secondary condensation (20, 38, 201, 223, 224, 302) at the output of the device. washing in order to optimize the production of secondary condensates to deconcentrate as much as possible the washing water in dry matter.
- Safety device designed to operate in particular behind wood combustion natural draft, characterized in that the fumes are propelled by a fan (205) in a scrubber (203) placed in parallel with the flue (207), when a flap (208) of a smoke switch (206) is operated from its normal stable safety position corresponding to the natural draft, to its unstable washing position and maintained in this unstable position by an electromagnet (214) sensitive to all safety sensors (13, 31, 33, 221, 213, 215, 216, 218, 220, 222) as well as power cuts.
- the washing water circuit comprises at least one exchanger (29, 201, 303) responsible for discharging the heat recovered by the washing water in the water. washing device (2, 203, 303) and distribute this heat where it is useful.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1870579A FR3081108A1 (fr) | 2018-05-19 | 2018-05-19 | Procede de traitement de fumees generees par une combustion de bois et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de procede. |
PCT/EP2019/062950 WO2019224145A1 (fr) | 2018-05-19 | 2019-05-20 | Procede de traitement de fumees generees par une combustion de bois et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
Publications (1)
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EP3796990A1 true EP3796990A1 (fr) | 2021-03-31 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19730260.7A Withdrawn EP3796990A1 (fr) | 2018-05-19 | 2019-05-20 | Procede de traitement de fumees generees par une combustion de bois et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3796990A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3081108A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019224145A1 (fr) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3112290B1 (fr) * | 2020-07-09 | 2023-01-13 | Sulitec Insulating Composites | Chambre de lavage pour équiper une installation de traitement de fumées de combustion |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6797246B2 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2004-09-28 | Danny L. Hopkins | Apparatus and method for cleaning, neutralizing and recirculating exhaust air in a confined environment |
US6843835B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2005-01-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Air cleaning apparatus and method for cleaning air |
US20080257236A1 (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-10-23 | Green E Laurence | Smokeless furnace |
FR2928846B1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 | 2010-10-22 | Fondis Sa | Dispositif d'epuration a catalyseur des gaz et fumees de combustion d'un appareil de chauffage a combustible solide. |
US9086238B2 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2015-07-21 | Peter Valente | Biomass dryer/burner system |
WO2012044759A2 (fr) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Diversey, Inc. | Procédé pour éviter le dégagement d'odeurs à partir d'un épurateur |
FR2998649A1 (fr) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Inst Polytechnique Grenoble | Dispositif pour ameliorer la combustion dans une cheminee |
AT517955B1 (de) | 2016-05-18 | 2017-06-15 | Ökofen Forschungs- Und Entw M B H | Heizeinrichtung |
-
2018
- 2018-05-19 FR FR1870579A patent/FR3081108A1/fr active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-05-20 WO PCT/EP2019/062950 patent/WO2019224145A1/fr unknown
- 2019-05-20 EP EP19730260.7A patent/EP3796990A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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WO2019224145A1 (fr) | 2019-11-28 |
FR3081108A1 (fr) | 2019-11-22 |
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