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EP3794095B1 - Huiles lubrifiantes pour systèmes d'embrayage humide - Google Patents

Huiles lubrifiantes pour systèmes d'embrayage humide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3794095B1
EP3794095B1 EP19728142.1A EP19728142A EP3794095B1 EP 3794095 B1 EP3794095 B1 EP 3794095B1 EP 19728142 A EP19728142 A EP 19728142A EP 3794095 B1 EP3794095 B1 EP 3794095B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
oil composition
ppm
vehicle
lubricating
Prior art date
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EP19728142.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3794095A1 (fr
Inventor
Koichi Kubo
Yoshitaka Takeuchi
Kyosuke AOYAMA
Tsuyoshi Miyamoto
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Chevron Japan Ltd
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Chevron Japan Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to lubricating oil compositions useful for industrial machinery, especially transport, construction and agricultural machinery.
  • Lubricating oils for automatic transmissions have been used conventionally to assist smooth operation of automatic transmissions which are installed in automobiles, trucks, construction machinery, and other vehicles. They include torque converters, gear mechanisms, wet clutches, and hydraulic systems.
  • lubricant additives give effects on the friction properties of wet clutch and steel plates. Additive effects are caused by both their physical and chemical absorption on clutch materials, ex. cellulose, aramid (a natural and synthesized) fibers, silica and steel plate surface.
  • Diesel engine oils are widely used for internal combustion engines, not only automotive heavy duty but also construction machinery diesel engine systems in Asia, and especially in Japan. Some construction machines are equipped with wet-clutch systems in not only the transmission but also the steering, parking brake, and many systems to control moving and power operating torque.
  • the wet clutch (static) friction between the clutch material and steel in lubricant fluids is very important to transmit the engine power efficiently.
  • the wet clutch static friction coefficient depends on wet clutch torque capacity.
  • Engine oils are widely used for transmission and hydraulic systems in construction machinery, and their wet clutch systems. It is important to maintain a higher (static) friction coefficient of wet clutches to operate safely, and also transmit power efficiently for construction machineries. If a lubricant gives poor friction performance, power loss, slow response of machine operation which can negatively impact safety when operating the machinery, or uncomfortable vibration with high noise from lock-up of the wet clutch in the transmission would occur.
  • US2009082233 discloses a lubricating oil composition
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating oil base oil; an organic molybdenum compound (A) having a Mo content of 100 to 1,000 mass ppm; zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (B) having a P content of 0.03 to 0.20 mass %; at least one compound (C) selected from calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, and magnesium sulfonate and having a base number obtained through a perchloric acid method of 230 mgKOH/g or more in a Ca and/or Mg content of 0.15 to 0.30 mass %; and an ashless dispersant comprising boron, or a mixture of an ashless dispersant comprising boron and an ashless dispersant comprising no boron (D) in a B content of 0.03 mass % or more and an N content of 0.05 mass % or more, wherein: a mass ratio (P/Mo) of
  • the present invention finds a solution for maintaining higher static friction coefficient of wet clutches which are not only important in construction equipment but also motorcycle lubricants that are equipped with a transmission and wet clutch.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • a “major amount” means in excess of 50 weight % of a composition.
  • a “minor amount” means less than 50 weight % of a composition, expressed in respect of the stated additive and in respect of the total mass of all the additives present in the composition, reckoned as active ingredient of the additive or additives.
  • Active ingredients or “actives” refers to additive material that is not diluent or solvent.
  • ppm means parts per million by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • High temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150°C was determined in accordance with ASTM D4683.
  • KV 100 Kinematic viscosity at 100°C
  • Metal refers to alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof.
  • oil soluble or dispersible is used.
  • oil soluble or dispersible is meant that an amount needed to provide the desired level of activity or performance can be incorporated by being dissolved, dispersed or suspended in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Usually, this means that at least about 0.001% by weight of the material can be incorporated in a lubricating oil composition.
  • oil soluble and dispersible particularly "stably dispersible" see U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,019 which is expressly incorporated herein by reference for relevant teachings in this regard.
  • sulfated ash refers to the non-combustible residue resulting from detergents and metallic additives in lubricating oil. Sulfated ash may be determined using ASTM Test D874.
  • Total Base Number refers to the amount of base equivalent to milligrams of KOH in one gram of sample. Thus, higher TBN numbers reflect more alkaline products, and therefore a greater alkalinity. TBN was determined using ASTM D 2896 test.
  • Nitrogen content was determined in accordance with ASTM D4629.
  • the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
  • a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or other features that are inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
  • “or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive- or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • the vehicle is an industrial machinery, an automobile, a truck, or other vehicle.
  • the industrial machinery is a transport, construction, or an agricultural machinery.
  • the transport machinery is a bus or truck equipped with a Diesel Engine and a hydraulic system.
  • the construction machinery is equipped with a Diesel engine, a Hydro Static Transmission (HST), a Power shift transmission with wet clutches, and a hydraulic system.
  • HST Hydro Static Transmission
  • HST Power shift transmission with wet clutches
  • hydraulic system a hydraulic system
  • the agricultural machinery is equipped with a Diesel engine, a Hydro Static Transmission (HST), a Power shift transmission with wet clutches, and a hydraulic system.
  • HST Hydro Static Transmission
  • HST Power shift transmission with wet clutches
  • hydraulic system a hydraulic system
  • the vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, or a continuously variable transmission.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as “base stock” or “base oil”) is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition).
  • a base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural and synthetic lubricating oils and combinations thereof.
  • Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes; polyphenols (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.
  • hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g.
  • Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, phthalic acid) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol).
  • dicarboxylic acids e.g., malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebac
  • esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
  • Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5 to C 12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.
  • the base oil may be derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
  • Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons are made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
  • Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as the base oil.
  • the hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed; using processes known to those skilled in the art.
  • Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the present lubricating oil composition.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
  • a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be unrefined oil.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.
  • Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil breakdown products.
  • the base oil which may be used to make the present lubricating oil composition may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines (API Publication 1509).
  • Such base oil groups are summarized in Table 1 below: TABLE 1 Base Oil Properties Group (a) Saturates (b) , wt. % Sulfur (c) , wt.
  • Group I % Viscosity Index
  • Group II % Viscosity Index
  • Group III % Viscosity Index
  • Group IV Polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V All other base stocks not included in Groups I, II, III or IV
  • Groups I-III are mineral oil base stocks.
  • (b) Determined in accordance with ASTM D2007.
  • (c) Determined in accordance with ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM D4294 or ASTM D4927.
  • (d) Determined in accordance with ASTM D2270.
  • Base oils suitable for use herein are any of the variety corresponding to API Group I, II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and combinations thereof.
  • the base oil constitutes the major component of the present lubricating oil composition and is present is an amount ranging from greater than 50 to 99 wt. % (e.g., 70 to 95 wt. %, or 85 to 95 wt. %).
  • the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.7 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of sulfur of about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.70 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.6 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.5 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.4 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.3 wt.%, 0.01 to 0.2 wt.%, 0.01 wt. % to 0.10 wt. %. In one embodiment, the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.60 wt.
  • % less than or equal to about 0.50 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.40 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.35 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.34 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.33 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.32 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.31 wt. %, less than or equal to about 0.30 wt. % based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.15 wt. %. In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.14 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.14 wt. %.
  • the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.13 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.13 wt. %. In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.12 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about 0.06 wt. % to about 0.12 wt. %.
  • the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 1.60 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to about 1.60 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 1.50 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to about 1.50 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874.
  • the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about 1.40wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about 0.80 to about 1.40 wt. % as determined by ASTM D 874
  • the present lubricating oil composition may have a total base number (TBN) of 8 to 16 mg KOH/g.
  • TBN total base number
  • the lubricating oil composition may have a total base number (TBN) of 10 to 16 mg KOH/g, 10 to 14 mg KOH/g, 10 to 13 mg KOH/g, or 10 to 12 mg KOH/g.
  • the desired grade of oil is of SAE Viscosity Grade 0W-30, 0W-40, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W-30, 15W-40, 20W-50, 30, 40 and the like.
  • the detergent mixture comprises at least one calcium-containing detergent and at least one magnesium-containing detergent.
  • a typical detergent is an anionic material that contains a long chain hydrophobic portion of the molecule and a smaller anionic or oleophobic hydrophilic portion of the molecule.
  • the anionic portion of the detergent is typically derived from an organic acid such as a sulfur acid, carboxylic acid, phosphorous acid, phenol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the counterion is typically an alkaline earth or alkali metal.
  • Salts that contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal are described as neutral salts and have a total base number (TBN) of from 0 to 80 mg KOH/g.
  • TBN total base number
  • Many compositions are overbased, containing large amounts of a metal base that is achieved by reacting an excess of a metal compound (e.g., a metal hydroxide or oxide) rich an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
  • a metal compound e.g., a metal hydroxide or oxide
  • an acidic gas e.g., carbon dioxide
  • Useful detergents can be neutral, mildly overbased, or highly overbased.
  • the overbased material has a ratio of metallic ion to anionic portion of the detergent of 1.05:1 to 50:1 (e.g., 4:1 to 25:1) on an equivalent basis.
  • the resulting detergent is an overbased detergent that will typically have a TBN of 150 mg KOH/g or higher (e.g., 250 to 450 mg KOH/g or more).
  • a mixture of detergents of differing TBN can be used.
  • the overbased detergents may be low overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN below 100 on an actives basis.
  • the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about 30 to about 100.
  • the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about 30 to about 80.
  • the overbased detergents may be medium overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN from about 100 to about 250.
  • the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 100 to about 200.
  • the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 125 to about 175.
  • the overbased detergents may be high overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN above 250.
  • the TBN of a high overbased salt may be from about 250 to about 800 on an actives basis.
  • Suitable detergents include metal salts of sulfonates, phenates, carboxylates, phosphates, and salicylates.
  • Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives.
  • the alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms.
  • the alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to 80 or more carbon atoms (e.g., about 16 to 60 carbon atoms) per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.
  • Phenates can be prepared by reacting an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide (e.g., CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, or Mg(OH) 2 ) with an alkyl phenol or sulfurized alkylphenol.
  • alkaline earth metal hydroxide or oxide e.g., CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , MgO, or Mg(OH) 2
  • Useful alkyl groups include straight or branched chain C 1 to C 30 (e.g., C 4 to C 20 ) alkyl groups, or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable phenols include isobutylphenol, 2-ethylhexylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecyl phenol, and the like. It should be noted that starting alkylphenols may contain more than one alkyl substituent that are each independently straight chain or branched chain.
  • the sulfurized product may be obtained by methods well known in the art. These methods include heating a mixture of alkylphenol and sulfurizing agent (e.g., elemental sulfur, sulfur halides such as sulfur dichloride, and the like) and then reacting the sulfurized phenol with an alkaline earth metal base.
  • sulfurizing agent e.g., elemental sulfur, sulfur halides such as sulfur dichloride, and the like
  • Salicylates may be prepared by reacting a basic metal compound with at least one carboxylic acid and removing water from the reaction product.
  • Detergents made from salicylic acid are one class of detergents prepared from carboxylic acids.
  • Useful salicylates include long chain alkyl salicylates.
  • Hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be prepared from phenols by the Kolbe reaction (see U.S. Patent No. 3,595,791 ).
  • the metal salts of the hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acids may be prepared by double decomposition of a metal salt in a polar solvent such as water or alcohol.
  • Alkaline earth metal phosphates are also used as detergents and are known in the art.
  • Preferred calcium-containing detergents include calcium sulfonates, calcium phenates, and calcium salicylates, especially calcium sulfonates, calcium salicylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the calcium-containing detergents include calcium sulfonates, calcium phenates, and calcium salicylates.
  • the calcium-containing detergent may be used in an amount that provides at least 1000 ppm, at least 1050 ppm, at least 1100 ppm, at least 1150 ppm, at least 1200 ppm, at least 1250 ppm, at least 1300 ppm, at least 1350 ppm, at least 1400 ppm, at least 1450 ppm, at least 1500 ppm, at least 1550 ppm, at least 1600 ppm, at least 1650 ppm, at least 1700 ppm, at least 1750 ppm, at least 1800 ppm, at least 1850 ppm, at least 1900 ppm, at least 1950 ppm, at least 2000 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition.
  • the calcium content is not greater than 4000 ppm, not greater than 3500 ppm, not greater than 3000 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition.
  • the calcium-containing detergents can be high overbased, medium overbased, or low overbased detergents.
  • Preferred magnesium-containing detergents include magnesium sulfonates, magnesium phenates, and magnesium salicylates, especially magnesium sulfonates.
  • the magnesium-containing detergent may be used in an amount that provides at least 800 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 1000 ppm, at least 1050 ppm, at least 1100 ppm, at least 1150 ppm, at least 1200 ppm, at least 1250 ppm, at least 1300 ppm, at least 1350 ppm, at least 1400 ppm, at least 1450 ppm, at least 1500 ppm, at least 1550 ppm, at least 1600 ppm, at least 1650 ppm, at least 1700 ppm, at least 1750 ppm, at least 1800 ppm, at least 1850 ppm, at least 1900 ppm, at least 1950 ppm, at least 2000 ppm by weight of magnesium in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the magnesium content is not greater than 4000 ppm, not greater than 3500 ppm, not greater than 3000 ppm, not greater than 2500 ppm, by weight of magnesium in the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the magnesium content is from 800 to 2500 ppm, from 900 to 2300 ppm, from 1100 to 2300 ppm, 1300 to 2300 ppm, 1500 to 2300 ppm by weight of magnesium in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the magnesium-containing detergents can be high overbased, medium overbased, or low overbased detergents.
  • the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium in the lubricating oil composition is from 0.5:1 to 4:1. In other embodiments, the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium in the lubricating oil composition is from 0.6:1 to 3.5:1, 0.6:1 to 3.0:1, 0.6:1 to 2.5:1, 0.6:1 to 2.0:1, 0.6:1 to 1.7:1, 0.6:1 to 1.5:1, 0.6:1 to 1.3:1.
  • Dispersants maintain in suspension materials resulting from oxidation during engine operation that are insoluble in oil, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts.
  • Dispersants useful herein include nitrogen-containing, ashless (metal-free) dispersants known to effective to reduce formation of deposits upon use in gasoline and diesel engines.
  • Suitable dispersants include hydrocarbyl succinimides, hydrocarbyl succinamides, mixed ester/amides of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, hydroxyesters of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, and Mannich condensation products of hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde and polyamines. Also suitable are condensation products of polyamines and hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl acids. Mixtures of these dispersants can also be used.
  • ashless dispersants are well-known lubricating oil additives and methods for their preparation are extensively described in the patent literature.
  • Preferred dispersants are the alkenyl succinimides and succinamides where the alkenyl-substituent is a long-chain of preferably greater than 40 carbon atoms. These materials are readily made by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material with a molecule containing amine functionality.
  • suitable amines are polyamines such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines and polyoxyalkylene polyamines.
  • Particularly preferred ashless dispersants are the polyisobutenyl succinimides formed from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine such as a polyethylene polyamine of formula: NH 2 (CH 2 CH 2 NH) z H wherein z is 1 to 11.
  • the polyisobutenyl group is derived from polyisobutene and preferably has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of 700 to 3000 Daltons (e.g., 900 to 2500 Daltons).
  • the polyisobutenyl succinimide may be a bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of 900 to 2500 Daltons.
  • the dispersants may be post-treated (e.g., with a boronating agent or a cyclic carbonate).
  • Nitrogen-containing ashless (metal-free) dispersants are basic, and contribute to the TBN of a lubricating oil composition to which they are added, without introducing additional sulfated ash.
  • Dispersants may be present at an amount to provide less than 600 ppm nitrogen to the lubricating oil composition, less than 550 ppm, less than 500 ppm, less than 450 ppm, less than 400 ppm of nitrogen by weight of nitrogen to the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition can comprise additional lubricating oil additives.
  • the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure may also contain other conventional additives that can impart or improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved.
  • Any additive known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein.
  • Some suitable additives have been described in Mortier et al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", 2nd Edition, London, Springer, (1996 ); and Leslie R. Rudnick, "Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications", New York, Marcel Dekker (2003 ), both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the lubricating oil compositions can be blended with antioxidants, anti-wear agents, metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • antioxidants anti-wear agents, metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of the lubricating oil compositions of the disclosure by the usual blending procedures.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can contain one or more anti-wear agents that can reduce friction and excessive wear.
  • Any anti-wear agent known by a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition.
  • suitable anti-wear agents include zinc dithiophosphate, metal (e.g., Pb, Sb, Mo and the like) salts of dithiophosphates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo and the like) salts of dithiocarbamates, metal (e.g., Zn, Pb, Sb and the like) salts of fatty acids, boron compounds, phosphate esters, phosphite esters, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters or thiophosphoric acid esters, reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acids and combinations thereof.
  • the amount of the anti-wear agent may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.05 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the anti-wear agent is or comprises a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds.
  • the metal of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. In some embodiments, the metal is zinc.
  • the alkyl group of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt has from about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, or from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. In further embodiments, the alkyl group is linear or branched.
  • the amount of the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt including the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate salts in the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein is measured by its phosphorus content.
  • the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition is as disclosed herein.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the invention preferably contains an organic oxidation inhibitor in an amount of 0.01-5 wt. %, preferably 0.1-3 wt. %.
  • the oxidation inhibitor can be a hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor or a diarylamine oxidation inhibitor.
  • the diarylamine oxidation inhibitor is advantageous in giving a base number originating from the nitrogen atoms.
  • the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor is advantageous in producing no NOx gas.
  • hindered phenol oxidation inhibitors examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4' -methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4' -methylenebis(6-t-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4 ' -isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4 ' -bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2 ' - methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4' -thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2-thiodiethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], octyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy
  • diarylamine oxidation inhibitors examples include alkyldiphenylamine having a mixture of alkyl groups of 4 to 9 carbon atoms, p,p' -dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-naphthylamine, phenyl-naphthylamine, alkylated-naphthylamine, and alkylated phenyl-naphthylamine.
  • Each of the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor and diarylamine oxidation inhibitor can be employed alone or in combination. If desired, other oil soluble oxidation inhibitors can be added.
  • additives in the form of 10 to 80 wt. % active ingredient concentrates in hydrocarbon oil, e.g. mineral lubricating oil, or other suitable solvent.
  • concentrates may be diluted with 3 to 100, e.g., 5 to 40, parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by weight of the additive package in forming finished lubricants, e.g. crankcase motor oils.
  • the purpose of concentrates is to make the handling of the various materials less difficult and awkward as well as to facilitate solution or dispersion in the final blend.
  • the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be prepared by any method known to a person of ordinary skill in the art for making lubricating oils.
  • the base oil can be blended or mixed with the zirconium-containing compounds described herein.
  • one or more other can be added.
  • the additives may be added to the base oil individually or simultaneously.
  • the additives are added to the base oil individually in one or more additions and the additions may be in any order.
  • the additives are added to the base oil simultaneously, optionally in the form of an additive concentrate.
  • the solubilizing of the additives in the base oil may be assisted by heating the mixture to a temperature from about 25 °C to about 200 °C, from about 50 °C to about 150 °C or from about 75 °C to about 125 °C.
  • Any mixing or dispersing equipment known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used for blending, mixing or solubilizing the ingredients.
  • the blending, mixing or solubilizing may be carried out with a blender, an agitator, a disperser, a mixer (e.g., planetary mixers and double planetary mixers), a homogenizer (e.g., Gaulin homogenizers and Rannie homogenizers), a mill (e.g., colloid mill, ball mill and sand mill) or any other mixing or dispersing equipment known in the art.
  • the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein may be suitable for use as motor oils (that is, engine oils or crankcase oils), in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, particularly direct injected and boosted engines.
  • a lubricating oil composition was prepared by blending together the following components:
  • Example 1 was repeated except that a highly overbased magnesium sulfonate with a TBN of 397 and 9.6 %wt of Mg content.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that a highly overbased calcium sulfonate and additional highly overbased magnesium sulfonate were added to the formulation to give the values shown below in Table 2.
  • Diesel engine oils having JASO DH-1, API CG-4, CH-4 or CI-4 are widely used not only for internal combustion engines, but also hydraulic and transmission systems in industrial machinery, especially transport, construction, and agricultural machinery.
  • To obtain a higher static friction coefficient of wet clutches in their machinery is important to enable safe operation of the machinery, and also to give an excellent power transmit efficiency for the machinery, because of showing a good response and fuel efficiency.
  • Friction coefficient must be greater than 0.13 (0.125) for the oils at every test temperature. It is evident that Ex.1, Ex.2 and Ex.3 shows excellent wet clutch friction in micro clutch test.

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Claims (12)

  1. Composition d'huile lubrifiante comprenant :
    (a) une quantité majoritaire d'huile de viscosité lubrifiante,
    (b) un détergent contenant du calcium,
    (c) au moins 800 ppm de Mg provenant d'un détergent contenant du magnésium
    (d) moins de 600 ppm de N provenant d'un dispersant contenant de l'azote ;
    la composition d'huile lubrifiante ayant une teneur en phosphore allant de 0,06 à 0,15 % en poids, une teneur en soufre inférieure à 0,5 % en poids et une teneur en cendres sulfatées allant de plus de 0,8 % en poids à 2,0 % en poids,
    le rapport en masse de Ca sur Mg étant de 1 : 2 à 4 : 1 , et
    ladite composition d'huile lubrifiante étant appropriée pour lubrifier le carter d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule et au moins l'un parmi un embryon humide, des freins, des convertisseurs de couple, des systèmes d'engrenage, des transmissions hydrostatiques et des systèmes hydrauliques.
  2. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, le calcium provenant du détergent contenant du calcium étant présent d'au moins 1 000 ppm de la composition d'huile lubrifiante.
  3. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, l'indice de base total (TBN) de la composition d'huile lubrifiante étant de 8 à 16 mg de KOH/g comme déterminé en utilisant la norme ASTM D 2896.
  4. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, les cendres sulfatées étant présentes d'environ 0,80 à environ 1,60 % en poids comme déterminé selon la norme ASTM D 874.
  5. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, le véhicule étant une machine industrielle, une automobile, un camion ou un autre véhicule.
  6. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 5, la machine industrielle étant une machine de transport, une machine de construction ou une machine agricole.
  7. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, le véhicule étant équipé d'une transmission automatique ou d'une transmission variable de manière continue.
  8. Procédé pour maintenir la friction dans un véhicule comprenant la lubrification dudit véhicule avec une composition d'huile lubrifiante comprenant :
    (a) une quantité majoritaire d'huile de viscosité lubrifiante,
    (b) un détergent contenant du calcium,
    (c) au moins 800 ppm de Mg provenant d'un détergent contenant du magnésium
    (d) moins de 600 ppm de N provenant d'un dispersant contenant de l'azote ;
    la composition d'huile lubrifiante ayant une teneur en phosphore allant de 0,06 à 0,15 % en poids, une teneur en soufre inférieure à 0,5 % en poids et une teneur en cendres sulfatées allant de plus de 0,8 % en poids à 2,0 % en poids,
    le rapport en masse de Ca sur Mg étant de 1 : 2 à 4 : 1 , et
    ladite composition d'huile lubrifiante étant appropriée pour lubrifier le carter d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule et au moins l'un parmi un embryon humide, des freins, des convertisseurs de couple, des systèmes d'engrenage, des transmissions hydrostatiques et des systèmes hydrauliques.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, le calcium provenant du détergent contenant du calcium étant présent d'au moins 1 000 ppm de la composition d'huile lubrifiante.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8, le véhicule étant une machine industrielle, une automobile, un camion ou un autre véhicule.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, la machine industrielle étant une machine de transport, une machine de construction ou une machine agricole.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 8, le véhicule étant équipé d'une transmission automatique ou d'une transmission variable de manière continue.
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US3595791A (en) 1969-03-11 1971-07-27 Lubrizol Corp Basic,sulfurized salicylates and method for their preparation
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US20070293406A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Henly Timothy J Power transmission fluid with enhanced friction characteristics
US8076274B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2011-12-13 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil composition
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US20140107001A1 (en) * 2011-05-12 2014-04-17 The Lubrizol Corporation Aromatic Imides And Esters As Lubricant Additives
US9885004B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2018-02-06 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving engine fuel efficiency
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